zh-trans: add content/zh/docs/getting-started-guides/ubuntu/backups.md (#11623)
* zh-trans: add content/zh/docs/getting-started-guides/ubuntu/backups.md * Update per PR comment
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---
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title: 备份
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content_template: templates/task
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---
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{{% capture overview %}}
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<!-- The state of a Kubernetes cluster is kept in the etcd datastore.
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This page shows how to backup and restore the etcd shipped with
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the Canonical Distribution of Kubernetes. Backing up application specific data,
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normally stored in a persistent volume, is outside the scope of this
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document. -->
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Kubernetes 集群的状态信息保存在 etcd 数据库中。
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本文将要展示如何对 Canonical 发行版的 Kubernetes 中所带有的 etcd 进行备份和恢复。
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至于如何对通常保存在持久卷上的应用数据进行备份，超出了本文的讨论范围。
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{{% /capture %}}
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{{% capture prerequisites %}}
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<!-- This page assumes you have a working Juju deployed cluster. -->
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本文假设您有一个 Juju 部署的集群。
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{{% /capture %}}
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{{% capture steps %}}
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<!-- ## Snapshot etcd data -->
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## 快照 etcd 中的数据
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<!-- The `snapshot` action of the etcd charm allows the operator to snapshot
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a running cluster's data for use in cloning,
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backing up, or migrating to a new cluster.
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juju run-action etcd/0 snapshot
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This will create a snapshot in `/home/ubuntu/etcd-snapshots` by default. -->
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etcd charm 的 `snapshot` 操作能够让操作员给正在运行的集群数据建立快照，快照数据可用于复制、备份或者迁移到一个新的集群中。
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juju run-action etcd/0 snapshot
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这条命令会在 `/home/ubuntu/etcd-snapshots` 默认路径下建立一个快照。
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<!-- ## Restore etcd data -->
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## 恢复 etcd 数据
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<!-- The etcd charm is capable of restoring its data from a cluster-data snapshot
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via the `restore` action.
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This comes with caveats and a very specific path to restore a cluster:
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The cluster must be in a state of only having a single member. So it's best to
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deploy a new cluster using the etcd charm, without adding any additional units. -->
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etcd charm 能够通过 `restore` 操作从一个集群数据快照中恢复集群数据。
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这里有些注意事项，而且是恢复集群的唯一办法：集群当前只能有一个成员。
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所以最好是使用 etcd charm 来部署一个新的集群，而不必添加任何新的单元。
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```
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juju deploy etcd new-etcd
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```
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<!-- The above code snippet will deploy a single unit of etcd, as 'new-etcd' -->
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上面的命令将会部署一个单独的 etcd 单元，'new-etcd'。
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```
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juju run-action etcd/0 restore target=/mnt/etcd-backups
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```
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<!-- Once the restore action has completed, evaluate the cluster health. If the unit
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is healthy, you may resume scaling the application to meet your needs.
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- **param** target: destination directory to save the existing data.
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- **param** skip-backup: Don't backup any existing data. -->
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当恢复操作完成后，评估一下集群的健康状态。如果集群运行良好，就可以按照您的需求来扩展应用程序规模。
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- **参数** target: 保存现有数据的目的路径。
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- **参数** skip-backup: 不要备份任何现有的数据。
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<!-- ## Migrating an etcd cluster
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Using the above snapshot and restore operations, migrating etcd is a fairly easy task. -->
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## 迁移 etcd 集群
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通过使用上述的 `snapshot` 和 `restore` 操作，就能很容易地迁移 etcd 集群。
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<!-- **Step 1:** Snapshot your existing cluster. This is encapsulated in the `snapshot` action. -->
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**第一步：** 给现有的集群建立快照。这个已经封装在 `snapshot` 操作中。
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```
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juju run-action etcd/0 snapshot
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```
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<!-- Results: -->
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结果：
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```
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Action queued with id: b46d5d6f-5625-4320-8cda-b611c6ae580c
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```
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<!-- **Step 2:** Check the status of the action so you can grab the snapshot and verify
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the sum. The `copy.cmd` result output is a copy/paste command for you to download
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the exact snapshot that you just created. -->
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**第二步：** 检查操作状态，以便您能抓取快照并且验证校验和。
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您可以直接使用 `copy.cmd` 中的结果来下载您刚刚创建的快照数据，`copy.cmd` 中的结果可以直接复制/粘贴使用。
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<!-- Download the snapshot archive from the unit that created the snapshot and verify the sha256 sum -->
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从节点上下载刚刚创建的快照数据并且验证 sha256sum 校验和
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```
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juju show-action-output b46d5d6f-5625-4320-8cda-b611c6ae580c
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```
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<!-- Results: -->
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结果：
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```
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results:
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copy:
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cmd: juju scp etcd/0:/home/ubuntu/etcd-snapshots/etcd-snapshot-2016-11-09-02.41.47.tar.gz
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.
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snapshot:
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path: /home/ubuntu/etcd-snapshots/etcd-snapshot-2016-11-09-02.41.47.tar.gz
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sha256: 1dea04627812397c51ee87e313433f3102f617a9cab1d1b79698323f6459953d
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size: 68K
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status: completed
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```
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<!-- Copy the snapshot to the local disk and then check the sha256sum. -->
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将数据快照拷到本地，然后检查 sha256sum。
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```
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juju scp etcd/0:/home/ubuntu/etcd-snapshots/etcd-snapshot-2016-11-09-02.41.47.tar.gz .
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sha256sum etcd-snapshot-2016-11-09-02.41.47.tar.gz
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```
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<!-- **Step 3:** Deploy the new cluster leader, and attach the snapshot: -->
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**第三步：** 部署新的集群 leader 节点，并加载快照数据：
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```
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juju deploy etcd new-etcd --resource snapshot=./etcd-snapshot-2016-11-09-02.41.47.tar.gz
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```
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<!-- **Step 4:** Reinitialize the master with the data from the resource we just attached in step 3. -->
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**第四步：** 使用在第三步中的快照数据来重新初始化 master：
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```
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juju run-action new-etcd/0 restore
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```
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{{% /capture %}}
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{{% capture discussion %}}
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<!-- ## Known Limitations -->
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## 已知的局限
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<!-- #### Loss of PKI warning -->
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#### 丢失 PKI 警告
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<!-- If you destroy the leader - identified with the `*` text next to the unit number in status:
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all TLS pki will be lost. No PKI migration occurs outside
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of the units requesting and registering the certificates. -->
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如果销毁了 leader - 在状态栏通过 `*` 来标识，那么所有的 TLS pki 警告都将会丢失。
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在请求和注册证书的单元之外，将不会有 PKI 迁移发生。
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{{< caution >}}
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<!-- **Caution:** Mismanaging this configuration will result in locking yourself
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out of the cluster, and can potentially break existing deployments in very
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strange ways relating to x509 validation of certificates, which affects both
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servers and clients. -->
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**警告：** 如果误管理这项配置，将会导致您无法从外部访问集群，
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并且很可能会破坏现有的部署，出现 x509 证书验证相关的异常问题，这些都会对服务器和客户端造成影响。
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{{< /caution >}}
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<!-- #### Restoring from snapshot on a scaled cluster -->
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#### 在一个已经扩展的集群上进行快照数据恢复
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<!-- Restoring from a snapshot on a scaled cluster will result in a broken cluster.
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Etcd performs clustering during unit turn-up, and state is stored in Etcd itself.
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During the snapshot restore phase, a new cluster ID is initialized, and peers
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are dropped from the snapshot state to enable snapshot restoration. Please
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follow the migration instructions above in the restore action description. -->
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在一个已经扩展的集群上进行快照数据恢复，将会导致集群损坏。
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etcd 在节点启动时开始集群管理，并且将状态保存在 etcd 中。
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在快照数据的恢复阶段，会初始化一个新的集群 ID，并且丢弃其它 peer 节点以保证快照数据的恢复。
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请严格遵照上述集群迁移中的恢复操作来进行操作。
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{{% /capture %}}
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