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website/content/zh/docs/concepts/services-networking/add-entries-to-pod-etc-hosts-with-host-aliases.md
Zach Corleissen abcee2dccd Update localization guidelines (#10485)
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[Jaguar](https://gitlab.com/sdnlab/jaguar) is an open source solution for Kubernetes's network based on OpenDaylight.
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2018-10-12 14:25:01 -07:00

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Markdown

---
approvers:
- rickypai
- thockin
title: 使用 HostAliases 向 Pod /etc/hosts 文件添加条目
redirect_from:
- "/docs/user-guide/add-entries-to-pod-etc-hosts-with-host-aliases/"
- "/docs/user-guide/add-entries-to-pod-etc-hosts-with-host-aliases.md"
---
{{< toc >}}
当 DNS 配置以及其它选项不合理的时候,通过向 Pod 的 /etc/hosts 文件中添加条目,可以在 Pod 级别覆盖对主机名的解析。在 1.7 版本,用户可以通过 PodSpec 的 HostAliases 字段来添加这些自定义的条目。
建议通过使用 HostAliases 来进行修改,因为该文件由 Kubelet 管理,并且可以在 Pod 创建/重启过程中被重写。
## 默认 hosts 文件内容
让我们从一个 Nginx Pod 开始,给该 Pod 分配一个 IP:
```
$ kubectl get pods --output=wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE
nginx 1/1 Running 0 13s 10.200.0.4 worker0
```
默认,hosts 文件只包含 ipv4 和 ipv6 的样板内容,像 `localhost` 和主机名称。
## 通过 HostAliases 增加额外的条目
除了默认的样板内容,我们可以向 hosts 文件添加额外的条目,将 `foo.local``bar.local` 解析为`127.0.0.1`,将 `foo.remote``bar.remote` 解析为 `10.1.2.3`,我们可以在 `.spec.hostAliases` 下为 Pod 添加 HostAliases。
{{< code file="hostaliases-pod.yaml" >}}
hosts 文件的内容看起来类似如下这样:
```
$ kubectl logs hostaliases-pod
# Kubernetes-managed hosts file.
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
fe00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
fe00::1 ip6-allnodes
fe00::2 ip6-allrouters
10.200.0.4 hostaliases-pod
127.0.0.1 foo.local
127.0.0.1 bar.local
10.1.2.3 foo.remote
10.1.2.3 bar.remote
```
在最下面额外添加了一些条目。
## 限制
在 1.7 版本,如果 Pod 启用 hostNetwork,那么将不能使用这个特性,因为 kubelet 只管理非 hostNetwork 类型 Pod 的 hosts 文件。目前正在讨论要改变这个情况。
## 为什么 Kubelet 管理 hosts文件?
kubelet [管理](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/14633) Pod 中每个容器的 hosts 文件,避免 Docker 在容器已经启动之后去 [修改](https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/17190) 该文件。
因为该文件是托管性质的文件,无论容器重启或 Pod 重新调度,用户修改该 hosts 文件的任何内容,都会在 Kubelet 重新安装后被覆盖。因此,不建议修改该文件的内容。