Files
website/content/zh/docs/admin/bootstrap-tokens.md
chenrui 577b431931 Merge release 1.12 into release 1.13 (#14171)
* ZH-trans: Update coarse-parallel-processing-work-queue.md (#11862)

* ZH-trans: Update coarse-parallel-processing-work-queue.md

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* zh-trans: add /docs/concepts/architecture/cloud-controller.md (#11799)

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* docs/concepts/architecture/cloud-controller.md

* fix

* fix

* fix

* zh-trans: /docs/contribute/style/kubernetes-components.md (#11838)

Signed-off-by: liyuan198251 <li.yuan4@zte.com.cn>

zh-trans: /docs/contribute/generate-ref-docs/kubernetes-components.md; update

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* Update weave-network-policy.md (#11858)

* ZH-trans: add Update define-environment-variable-container.md (#11859)

* Update define-environment-variable-container.md

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* Update fine-parallel-processing-work-queue.md (#11863)

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* Update setup-extension-api-server.md (#11864)

* zh-trans: add / docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-join.md (#11798)

* zh-trans: add / docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-join.md

zh-trans: add / docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-join.md

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* zh-trans: update docs/concepts/containers/images.md (#11877)

* zh-trans: update docs/concepts/containers/images.md

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* Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_controlplane.md (#11878)

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* zh_trans: kubeadm_token_generate.md (#11884)

* zh_trans: kubeadm_token_generate.md

zh_trans: /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_token_generate.md

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* zh-trans: add /docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-pod-initialization.md (#11886)

zh-trans: add /docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-pod-initialization.md

* zh-trans:add content/zh/docs/reference/issues-security (#11890)

* zh-trans: add content/zh/docs/tutorials/online-training/overview.md (#11892)

* zh_trans: kubeadm_token_delete.md (#11883)

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* zh_trans: independent/create-cluster-kubeadm.md (#11882)

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zh_trans: docs/setup/independent/create-cluster-kubeadm.md

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* zh-trans: add docs⁩/concept⁨s/storage/storage-classes.md (#11788)

* ZH-trans: fixing formatting errors (#11661)

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storage-classes zh part 1

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* 根据校对更新翻译

* zh_trans: kubeadm-token.md (#11898)

zh_trans: /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-token.md

* zh-trans: add /docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/quality-service-pod.md (#11900)

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* zh_trans: kubeadm_alpha_phase_bootstrap-token_node.md (#11897)

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* zh-trans: add /docs/concepts/storage/volumes.md (#11767)

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* fix docs format error (#11934)

fix docs format error of https://v1-12.docs.kubernetes.io/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-join/

* Update cloud-controller.md (#11922)

* zh-trans: /docs/reference/glossary/approver.md (#11924)

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* zh-trans: add docs/setup/on-premises-vm/dcos.md (#11891)

* zh-trans: add docs/setup/on-premises-vm/dcos.md

* Update content/zh/docs/setup/on-premises-vm/dcos.md

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* zh-trans: /docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-persistent-vo… (#11915)

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* zh_trans: kubeadm_alpha.md (#11902)

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* zh-trans: /docs/reference/glossary/downstream.md (#11931)

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* ZH-trans: Update install-kubeadm.md (#11955)

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* zh-trans: add kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_all.md (#11952)

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* zh-trans:kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_etcd-peer.md (#11953)

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/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_etcd-peer.md

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* zh-trans: /docs/contribute/generate-ref-docs/kubectl.md (#11941)

Signed-off-by: liyuan198251 <li.yuan4@zte.com.cn>

* fix docs format error (#11936)

fix docs format error of https://v1-12.docs.kubernetes.io/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-config/

* Update pull request (#11921)

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* ZH-trans: add kubefed-options.md (#11956)

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* Update pull request

* Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew.md

* Update pull request (#11881)

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* Resolving file conflicts

* zh-trans: add zh/ docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-servic… (#11889)

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* zh-trans: update docs/concepts/cluster-administration/kubelet-garbage-collection.md (#11875)

* zh-trans: update docs/concepts/cluster-administration/kubelet-garbage-collection.md

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* zh_trans: kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubeconfig_user.md (#11901)

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* Better translation

* zh-trans:add docs/reference/using-api/client-libraries.md (#11958)

* zh-trans:add docs/reference/using-api/client-libraries.md

* Update content/zh/docs/reference/using-api/client-libraries.md

Co-Authored-By: SataQiu <1527062125@qq.com>

* zh-trans: add pull-image-private-registry.md (#11912)

* zh-trans: add pull-image-private-registry.md

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* Update pull-image-private-registry.md

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* ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_annotate-cri.md (#11972)

* Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_annotate-cri.md

* Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_annotate-cri.md

* ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config.md (#11974)

* Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config.md

* Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config.md

* fix Typo "##" -> "## " (#12011)

* fix Typo "##" -> "## "

fix Typo "##" -> "## "

* update basic-stateful-set.md

* fix web style error (#12010)

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* Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_selfhosting.md (#12006)

* Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_controlplane_apiserver.md (#12005)

* zh-trans:/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/resource-usage-monitor… (#11995)

* zh-trans:/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/resource-usage-monitoring.md

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* zh-trans:/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/core-metrics-pipeline.md (#11990)

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* zh-trans:/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/troubleshooting.md (#11989)

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* Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_apiserver-kubelet-client.md (#11969)

* Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_apiserver-kubelet-client.md

* Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_apiserver-kubelet-client.md

* zh-trans: /docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-init-containers.md (#11962)

* zh-trans: /docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-init-containers.md

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* zh-trans: docs/reference/glossary/horizontal-pod-autoscaler.md (#11930)

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* zh-trans: add /docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-projected… (#11911)

* zh-trans: add /docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-projected-volume-storage.md

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* Update configure-projected-volume-storage.md

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* zh-trans: /docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/extended-resource.md (#11918)

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* zh-trans: add translate-compose-kubernetes.md (#11910)

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* zh-trans: zh/docs/reference/glossary/flexvolume.md (#11925)

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* zh_trans: kubeadm_alpha_phase_bootstrap-token_create.md (#11947)

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zh_trans: /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_bootstrap-token_create.md

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better translation  

* zh-trans:add docs/setup/turnkey/alibaba-cloud.md (#11959)

* zh_trans: kubeadm_completion.md (#11895)

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* zh-trans: add /zh/ docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/crictl.md (#11961)

* zh-trans: add /zh/ docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/crictl.md

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* ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_front-proxy-ca.md (#11968)

* ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_controlplane_all.md (#11970)

* Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_controlplane_all.md

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* ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_upload-config.md (#11971)

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* ZH-trans: Fixed some incorrect translations (#11973)

* zh-trans: /docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/determine-reason-pod-… (#11977)

* zh-trans: /docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/determine-reason-pod-failure.md

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* zh-trans:/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/events-stackdriver.md (#11996)

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* zh-trans:/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/get-shell-running-cont… (#11998)

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* zh-trans:/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/logging-elasticsearch-kibana.md (#12001)

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* ZH-trans: ad kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_write-to-disk.md (#12004)

* Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_write-to-disk.md

* Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_write-to-disk.md

* Remove old-generated kubefed docs (generated on 25-march-2018) (#12093)

* Update _index.md (#12061)

* Update kubeadm_reset.md (#12047)

* ZH-trasn: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubeconfig_controller-manager.md (#12032)

* Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubeconfig_controller-manager.md

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* ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_preflight_node.md (#12035)

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* ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_controlplane_scheduler.md (#12031)

* Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_controlplane_scheduler.md

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* ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_bootstrap-token_node_allow-post-csrs.md (#12039)

* Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_bootstrap-token_node_allow-post-csrs.md

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* ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_write-env-file.md (#12034)

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* ZH-trans: add kubeadm_upgrade_node_experimental-control-plane.md (#12036)

* Create kubeadm_upgrade_node_experimental-control-plane.md

* Update kubeadm_upgrade_node_experimental-control-plane.md

* Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_bootstrap-token_node_allow-auto-approve.md (#12038)

* Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_etcd.md (#12040)

* ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_etcd-server.md (#12041)

* Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_etcd-server.md

* Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_etcd-server.md

* Update advanced.md (#12044)

* ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_etcd-healthcheck-client.md (#12042)

* Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_etcd-healthcheck-client.md

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* Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_etcd-healthcheck-client.md

* Update kubeadm_version.md (#12046)

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* ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_etcd-peer.md (#12037)

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* ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_download.md (#12033)

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* zh-trans: add docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/_index.md (#12048)

* zh-trans: update cpu-constraint-namespace.md and cpu-default-namespace.md (#12106)

* ZH-trans: update kubeadm_alpha_phase_upload-config.md (#12110)

* zh-tran: /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed/kubefed_unjoin.md (#12022)

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* zh-trans:/docs/reference/kubectl/docker-cli-to-kubectl.md (#12088)

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* zh-trans: /docs/reference/kubectl/conventions.md (#12089)

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* zh-trans: /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed/kubefed_init.md (#12020)

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* zh-trans: add docs/setup/independent/control-plane-flags.md (#12043)

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* zh-trans: add /docs/concepts/cluster-administration/manage-deployment.md (#11899)

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* zh-trans: add docs/tasks/service-catalog/install-service-catalog-using-sc.md (#12045)

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* zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed/kubefed_options.md (#12087)

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* zh-trans: Fix some blog links issue (#12115)

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* zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubeconfig_all.md (#12185)

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* zh-trans: kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_upload.md (#12130)

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* zh-trans: /docs/contribute/generate-ref-docs/kubernetes-api.md (#12141)

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* zh-trans:/docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/imperative… (#12151)

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* ZH-trans: added a blog post Chinese translation: 2018-05-01-developing-on-kubernetes.md (#12009)

* added a blog post chinese translation

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apply some suggested changes per review comments

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cont to review and improve the wording, up to squash

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* ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_enable-dynamic.md (#12209)

* ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_enable-dynamic.md

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* ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_apiserver.md (#12210)

* ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_apiserver.md

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* ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_front-proxy-client.md (#12212)

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* ZH-trans: add rbac.md (#12263)

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* ZH-trans: add persistent-volume-claim.md (#12264)

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* Update docker-cli-to-kubectl.md (#12288)

* ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_selfhosting_convert-from-staticpods.md (#12285)

* ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_selfhosting_convert-from-staticpods.md

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* ZH-trans: add coredns.md (#12282)

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* ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_etcd-healthcheck-client.md (#12286)

* ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_etcd-healthcheck-client.md

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* ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubeconfig_kubelet.md (#12284)

* ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubeconfig_kubelet.md

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* ZH-trans: add service-account.md (#12261)

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* ZH-trans: add security-context.md (#12262)

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* fix typo "_必须_" -> "必须" (#12300)

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fix docs style error

* Create explore-interactive.html (#12311)

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fix docs style error

* ZH-trans: add kube-controller-manager.md (#12260)

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* zh-trans: /docs/contribute/localization.md (#12295)

Signed-off-by: liyuan198251 <li.yuan4@zte.com.cn>

zh-trans: /docs/contribute/localization.md; update

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* ZH-trans: update tools.md (#12320)

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* ZH-trans: fix "kubead -config" -> "kubeadm-config" (#12319)

* ZH-trans: update kubeadm_config.md

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zh-trans: /docs/tasks/administer-cluster/limit-storage-consumption.md

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* update link to SSH tunneling (#12615)

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* zh-trans: update content/zh/docs/setup/certificates.md (#12620)

* ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_apiserver-kubelet-client.md (#12619)

* ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_apiserver-kubelet-client.md

* Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_apiserver-kubelet-client.md

* zh-trans: node-conformance.md (#12356)

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* zh-trans: translate docs/getting-started-guides/ubuntu/operational-co… (#12353)

* zh-trans: translate docs/getting-started-guides/ubuntu/operational-considerations.md

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* zh-trans: /docs/tasks/administer-federation/events.md (#12411)

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* zh-trans: /docs/setup/turnkey/azure.md (#12412)

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* zh-trans:/docs/tasks/administer-federation/hpa.md & /docs/tasks/administer-cluster/extended-resource-node.md (#12432)

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add only

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* zh-trans: developing-cloud-controller-manager.md (#12413)

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* ZH-trans: add 2018-05-01-developing-on-kubernetes.md (#12814)

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* ZH-trans: add example-task-template.md (#12940)

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* Added Instana to tools (#12978)

Instana is already available in the english version of the text, therefore I added it here too. Hope my skills were enough to make the text still correct :-)

* ZH-trans: add expose-interactive.html (#12965)

* ZH-trans: add expose-interactive.html

* Update content/zh/docs/tutorials/kubernetes-basics/expose/expose-interactive.html

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* ZH-trans: add cloudstack.md (#12967)

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* ZH-trans: add container-lifecycle-hooks.md (#12941)

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* translate content/zh/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/dns-debugging-resolution.md to chinese (#12904)

* ZH-trans: add expose-external-ip-address.md (#12955)

* ZH-trans: add expose-external-ip-address.md

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* ZH-trans: add dns-horizontal-autoscaling.md (#12948)

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* zh-trans: update content/zh/docs/concepts/_index.md (#13182)

* zh-trans: update content/zh/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/node.md (#13181)

* Update dns-horizontal-autoscaling.md (#13119)

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* ZH-trans: add 2018-10-03-kubedirector.md (#13048)

* ZH-trans: add 2018-10-03-kubedirector.md

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* ZH-trans: add guestbook.md (#12953)

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* ZH-trans: add set-up-placement-policies-federation.md (#12947)

* ZH-trans: add set-up-placement-policies-federation.md

* update pull request

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* ZH-trans: add service-accounts-admin.md (#13047)

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* ZH-trans: add update-api-object-kubectl-patch.md (#12943)

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* Update update-api-object-kubectl-patch.md

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* ZH-trans: add parallel-processing-expansion.md (#12944)

* ZH-trans: add parallel-processing-expansion.md

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* zh-trans: add 2018-12-05-new-contributor-shanghai.md (#12778)

* add zh 2017-03-00-Five-Days-Of-Kubernetes-1-6.md

add zh 2018-12-05-new-contributor-shanghai.md

* Delete 2017-03-00-Five-Days-Of-Kubernetes-1-6.md

* zh-trans: /docs/contribute/style/write-new-topic.md (#12572)

Signed-off-by: liyuan198251 <li.yuan4@zte.com.cn>

zh-trans: /docs/contribute/style/write-new-topic.md; update

Signed-off-by: liyuan198251 <li.yuan4@zte.com.cn>

* zh-trans: update content/zh/docs/setup/salt.md (#13202)

* zh-trans: add docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_token.md (#13198)

* ZH-trans: add kubeadm_upgrade_diff.md (#13170)

* ZH-trans: add kubeadm_upgrade_diff.md

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* zh-trans: update docs/reference/access-authn-authz/authorization.md (#13180)

* zh-trans: update docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-config.md (#13179)

* zh-trans: add docs/concepts/storage/dynamic-provisioning.md (#13171)

* ZH-trans: add 2015-05-00-Kubernetes-On-Openstack.md (#13149)

* ZH-trans: add Kubernetes开源项目产品经理

* Update 2015-05-00-Kubernetes-On-Openstack.md

* ZH-trans: add 2015-03-00-Welcome-To-Kubernetes-Blog.md (#13131)

* ZH-trans: add 2015-03-00-Welcome-To-Kubernetes-Blog.md

* Update 2015-03-00-Welcome-To-Kubernetes-Blog.md

* ZH-trans: add 2015-06-00-Slides-Cluster-Management-With.md (#13123)

* ZH-trans: add 2015-06-00-Slides-Cluster-Management-With.md

* Update 2015-06-00-Slides-Cluster-Management-With.md

* Create 2015-03-00-Kubernetes-Gathering-Videos.md (#13124)

* ZH-trans: add 2015-03-00-Weekly-Kubernetes-Community-Hangout.md (#13129)

* ZH-trans: add 2015-03-00-Weekly-Kubernetes-Community-Hangout.md

* Update 2015-03-00-Weekly-Kubernetes-Community-Hangout.md

* ZH-trans: add 2015-04-00-Kubernetes-Release-0150.md (#13130)

* ZH-trans: add 2015-04-00-Kubernetes-Release-0150.md

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* ZH-trans: add 2015-04-00-Weekly-Kubernetes-Community-Hangout_17.md (#13132)

* ZH-trans: add 2015-04-00-Weekly-Kubernetes-Community-Hangout_17.md

* Update 2015-04-00-Weekly-Kubernetes-Community-Hangout_17.md

* Update 2015-04-00-Weekly-Kubernetes-Community-Hangout_17.md

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* ZH-trans: add 2015-04-00-Weekly-Kubernetes-Community-Hangout_29.md (#13147)

* ZH-trans: add 2015-05-00-Weekly-Kubernetes-Community-Hangout.md (#13148)

* ZH-trans: add flannel_multi_node_cluster.md (#13195)

* ZH-trans: add flannel_multi_node_cluster.md

* Update flannel_multi_node_cluster.md

* Update flannel_multi_node_cluster.md

* zh-trans: add docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kubelet-authentication-authorization.md (#13200)

* zh-trans: add docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kubelet-authentication-authorization.md

* Update kubelet-authentication-authorization.md

* zh-trans: /docs/tasks/administer-cluster/out-of-resource.md (#12879)

* configure-aggregation-layer.md

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* zh-trans: update docs/setup/node-conformance.md (#13201)

* zh-trans: update docs/setup/node-conformance.md

* zh-trans: update docs/setup/on-premises-vm/dcos.md

* zh-trans: add content/zh/blog/_posts/2018-10-15-steering-election-results.md (#13227)

* zh-trans: add content/zh/blog/_posts/2018-10-15-steering-election-results.md

* Update content/zh/blog/_posts/2018-10-15-steering-election-results.md

Co-Authored-By: SataQiu <1527062125@qq.com>

* Add @xichengliudui to sig-docs-zh-owners (release-1.12) (#13167)

* Add @xichengliudui to sig-docs-zh-owners

* Update OWNERS_ALIASES

* ZH-trans: add coreos.md (#13193)

* ZH-trans: coreos.md

* Update coreos.md

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* add SataQiu as a sig-docs-zh-owner (#13271)

* Fix relative links issue in zh content (#13312)

* `http://kubernetes.io/docs/` -> `/docs/`

* `https://kubernetes.io/docs/` -> `/docs/`

* zh-trans: add docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-upgrade.md (#13194)

* zh-trans: add docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-upgrade.md

* Update content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-upgrade.md

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* Update kubeadm-upgrade.md

* ZH-trans: add kubeadm-upgrade-ha-1-12.md (#13306)

* ZH-trans: add kubeadm-upgrade-ha-1-12.md

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* Update kubeadm-upgrade-ha-1-12.md

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* Update kubeadm-upgrade-ha-1-12.md

* Update kubeadm-upgrade-ha-1-12.md

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* Update config.toml (#13408)

* zh-trans: add content/zh/blog/_posts/2018-11-08-kubernetes-docs-update-i18n.md (#13221)

* zh-trans: add content/zh/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/labels-annotations-taints.md (#13236)

* zh-trans: add content/zh/blog/_posts/2018-10-16-kubernetes-2018-north-american-contributor-summit.md (#13274)

* zh-trans: add content/zh/docs/tasks/service-catalog/install-service-catalog-using-helm.md (#13268)

* zh-trans: add content/zh/docs/tasks/service-catalog/install-service-catalog-using-helm.md

* Update content/zh/docs/tasks/service-catalog/install-service-catalog-using-helm.md

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* Update content/zh/docs/tasks/service-catalog/install-service-catalog-using-helm.md

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* Update content/zh/docs/tasks/service-catalog/install-service-catalog-using-helm.md

Co-Authored-By: SataQiu <1527062125@qq.com>

* zh-trans: update content/zh/docs/tasks/service-catalog/install-service-catalog-using-helm.md

* ZH-trans: add 2017-10-00-Five-Days-Of-Kubernetes-18.md (#13427)

* ZH-trans: add 2017-10-00-Five-Days-Of-Kubernetes-18.md

* Update 2017-10-00-Five-Days-Of-Kubernetes-18.md

* zh-trans: add content/zh/docs/tasks/administer-federation/daemonset.md (#13239)

* message

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* remove data.json

* ZH-trans: add aws.md (#13276)

* ZH-trans: add aws.md

* Update aws.md

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* ZH-trans: add cluster-interactive.html (#13479)

* ZH-trans: add cluster-interactive.html

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* ZH-trans: add update-intro.html (#13480)

* Create update-intro.html

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* ZH-trans: add README.md (#13235)

* ZH-trans: add vendoring

* Update README.md

* zh: docs/cocepts/cluster-administration/logging.md (#13541)

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* zh-trans: update docker-cli-to-kubectl.md (#13591)

* Update docker-cli-to-kubectl.md

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* zh-trans: update advanced.md (#13592)

* ZH-trans: add 2017-11-00-Autoscaling-In-Kubernetes.md (#13424)

* ZH-trans: add 2017-11-00-Autoscaling-In-Kubernetes.md

* Update 2017-11-00-Autoscaling-In-Kubernetes.md

* ZH-trans: add fedora_manual_config.md (#13439)

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* zh-trans: content/zh/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labe… (#12277)

* zh-trans: content/zh/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labels.md

* update trans

* update trans

*  zh: docs/contribute/start.md trans (#13632)

* zh:docs/contribute/start.md trans

* Update start.md

* Update start.md

* Update start.md

* Update start.md

* Update content/zh/docs/contribute/start.md

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* Update content/zh/docs/contribute/start.md

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* Update content/zh/docs/contribute/start.md

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* zh-trans: update docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed (#13729)

* Update 2017-10-00-Five-Days-Of-Kubernetes-18.md (#13472)

* zh-trans: add configure-multiple-schedulers.md (#13492)

* zh-trans: add configure-multiple-schedulers.md

* Update content/zh/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/configure-multiple-schedulers.md

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* Update content/zh/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/configure-multiple-schedulers.md

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* Update configure-multiple-schedulers.md

* Update configure-multiple-schedulers.md

* Update content/zh/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/configure-multiple-schedulers.md

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* Update content/zh/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/configure-multiple-schedulers.md

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* Update content/zh/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/configure-multiple-schedulers.md

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* Update configure-multiple-schedulers.md

* zh-trans: add docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/share-process-namespace.md (#13551)

* zh-trans: add docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/share-process-namespace.md

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* zh-trans: update docs/admin/accessing-the-api.md (#13744)

* zh-trans: add content/zh/blog/_posts/2018-10-11-topology-aware-volume-provisioning.md (#13303)

* ZH-trans: add 2016-02-00-Kubecon-Eu-2016-Kubernetes-Community-In.md (#13241)

* ZH-trans: add 2016-02-00-Kubecon-Eu-2016-Kubernetes-Community-In.md

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* ZH-trans: add  2016-07-00-Citrix-Netscaler-And-Kubernetes.md (#13242)

* ZH-trans: add  2016-07-00-Citrix-Netscaler-And-Kubernetes.md

* Update 2016-07-00-Citrix-Netscaler-And-Kubernetes.md

* Update 2016-07-00-Citrix-Netscaler-And-Kubernetes.md

* zh-trans: update docs/admin/bootstrap-tokens.md (#13770)

* zh-trans: update content/zh/docs/admin/cluster-large.md (#13771)

* zh-trans: update content/zh/docs/admin/kube-apiserver.md (#13774)

* zh-trans: update content/zh/docs/admin/kube-apiserver.md

* Update kube-apiserver.md

* Update content/zh/docs/admin/kube-apiserver.md

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* zh-trans: update content/zh/docs/admin/multiple-zones.md (#13775)

* zh-trans: update content/zh/docs/admin/multiple-zones.md

* Update multiple-zones.md

* zh-trans: update node-conformance.md and ovs-networking.md (#13776)

* zh-trans: update high-availability/_index.md and authorization/webhook.md (#13780)

* zh-trans: update content/zh/docs/admin/authorization/_index.md (#13779)

* zh-trans: update content/zh/docs/admin/authorization/_index.md

* Update _index.md

* Update content/zh/docs/admin/authorization/_index.md

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---
approvers:
- jbeda
title: 使用启动引导令牌(Bootstrap Tokens)认证
---
{{< toc >}}
## 概述
启动引导令牌是一种简单的持有者令牌(Bearer Token),这种令牌是在新建集群或者在现有集群中添加新节点时使用的。
它被设计成能够支持 [`kubeadm`](/docs/admin/kubeadm/),但是也可以被用在其他的案例中以便用户在
不使用 `kubeadm` 的情况下启动集群。它也被设计成可以通过 RBAC 策略,结合 [Kubelet TLS
Bootstrapping](/docs/admin/kubelet-tls-bootstrapping/) 系统进行工作。
启动引导令牌被定义成一个特定类型的 secrets(`bootstrap.kubernetes.io/token`),并存在于
`kube-system` 命名空间中。然后这些 secrets 会被 API 服务器上的启动引导的认证器读取。
控制器管理器中的控制器 TokenCleaner 能够删除过期的令牌。在节点发现的过程中 Kubernetes 会使用特殊的 ConfigMap 对象。
控制器管理器中的 BootstrapSigner 控制器也会使用启动引导令牌为这类对象生成签名信息。
目前,启动引导令牌处于 **alpha** 阶段,但是预期也不会有大的突破性变化。
## 令牌格式
启动引导令牌使用 `abcdef.0123456789abcdef` 的形式。
更加规范地说,它们必须符合正则表达式 `[a-z0-9]{6}\.[a-z0-9]{16}`
令牌的第一部分是 "Token ID" ,它是公共信息。用于引用某个令牌,并确保不会泄露认证所使用的秘密信息。
第二部分是“令牌秘密(Token Secret)”,它应该被共享给收信的第三方。
## 启用启动引导令牌
所有与启动引导令牌相关的特性在 Kubernetes v1.6 版本中默认都是禁用的。
你可以在 API 服务器上通过 `--enable-bootstrap-token-auth` 参数启用启动引导令牌。
你可以设置控制管理器的 `--controllers` 参数来启用启动引导令牌相关的控制器,例如 `--controllers=*,tokencleaner,bootstrapsigner`
在使用 `kubeadm` 时,这是自动完成的。
HTTPS 调用中的令牌是这样使用的:
```http
Authorization: Bearer 07401b.f395accd246ae52d
```
## 启动引导令牌的密文格式
每个合法的令牌背后对应着 `kube-system` 命名空间中的某个 Secret 对象。
你可以从 [这里](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/design-proposals/bootstrap-discovery.md) 找到完整设计文档。
这是 secret 看起来的样子。注意,`base64(string)` 表示应该通过 base64 对值进行编码。
这里使用的是未解码的版本以便于阅读。
```yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: bootstrap-token-07401b
namespace: kube-system
type: bootstrap.kubernetes.io/token
data:
description: base64(The default bootstrap token generated by 'kubeadm init'.)
token-id: base64(07401b)
token-secret: base64(f395accd246ae52d)
expiration: base64(2017-03-10T03:22:11Z)
usage-bootstrap-authentication: base64(true)
usage-bootstrap-signing: base64(true)
```
secret 的类型必须是 `bootstrap.kubernetes.io/token` ,而且名字必须是 `bootstrap-token-<token id>`
`description` 是人类可读的描述,而不应该是机器可读的信息。令牌 ID 和 Secret 是包含在数据字典中的。
`usage-bootstrap-*` 成员表示这个 secret 的用途。启用时,值必须设置为 `true`
`usage-bootstrap-authentication` 表示令牌可以用于 API 服务器的认证。认证器会以
`system:bootstrap:<Token ID>` 认证。它被包含在 `system:bootstrappers` 组中。
命名和组是故意受限制的,以防止用户在启动引导后再使用这些令牌。
`usage-bootstrap-signing` 表示令牌应该被用于 `cluster-info` ConfigMap 的签名,就像下面描述的那样。
`expiration` 数据成员显示了令牌在失效后到现在的时间。这是遵循 RFC3339 进行编码的 UTC 时间。
TokenCleaner 控制器会删除过期的令牌。
## 使用 `kubeadm` 管理令牌
你可以使用 `kubeadm` 工具管理正在运行集群的令牌。它会从 `kubeadm` 创建的集群(`/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf`
自动抓取默认管理员密码。你可以通过参数 `--kubeconfig` 对下面命令指定一个另外的 kubeconfig 文件抓取密码。
* `kubeadm token list` 列举了令牌,同时显示了它们的过期时间和用途。
* `kubeadm token create` 创建一个新令牌。
* `--description` 设置新令牌的描述。
* `--ttl duration` 设置令牌从“现在”起到过期时间的差值。
默认是 0 ,也就是不过期。
* `--usages` 设置令牌被使用的方式。默认是 `signing,authentication`。用途在上面已经描述。
* `kubeadm token delete <token id>|<token id>.<token secret>` 删除令牌。
令牌可以只用 ID 来确认,也可以用整个令牌的值。如果只用 ID 的情况下,密文不匹配的令牌也会被删除。
### ConfigMap 签名
除了认证之外,令牌可以用于签名 ConfigMap。这在集群启动过程的早期,在客户端信任 API 服务器之前被使用。
被签名的 ConfigMap 可以通过共享令牌被认证。
被签名的 ConfigMap 是 `cluster-info`,存在于 `kube-public` 命名空间中。
典型的工作流中,客户端在未经认证和忽略 TLS 报错的状态下读取这个 ConfigMap。
通过 ConfigMap 中嵌入的签名校验 ConfigMap 的载荷。
ConfigMap 会是这个样子的:
```yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: cluster-info
namespace: kube-public
data:
jws-kubeconfig-07401b: eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IjA3NDAxYiJ9..tYEfbo6zDNo40MQE07aZcQX2m3EB2rO3NuXtxVMYm9U
kubeconfig: |
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
certificate-authority-data: <really long certificate data>
server: https://10.138.0.2:6443
name: ""
contexts: []
current-context: ""
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users: []
```
ConfigMap 的 `kubeconfig` 成员是一个填好了集群信息的配置文件。
这里主要交换的信息是 `certificate-authority-data`。在将来可能会有扩展。
签名是一个 JWS 签名,使用了 "detached" 模式。为了检验签名,用户应该按照 JWS 规则
base64 编码而忽略结尾的 `=`)对 `kubeconfig` 的载荷进行编码。完成编码的载荷会被通过插入 JWS 并存在于两个点的中间
,用于形成一个完整的 JWS。可以使用令牌的完整信息(比如 `07401b.f395accd246ae52d`)作为共享密钥,
通过 `HS256` 方式 (HMAC-SHA256) 对 JWS 进行校验。 用户 _必须_ 确保使用了 HS256。