abcee2dccd
* Update localization guidelines for language labels
Continuing work
Continuing work
Continuing work
More work in progress
Add local OWNERS folders
Add an OWNERS file to Chinese
Remove shortcode for repos
Add Japanese
Alphabetize languages, change weights accordingly
More updates
Add Korean in Korean
Add English to languageName
Feedback from gochist
Move Chinese content from cn/ to zh/
Move OWNERS from cn/ to zh/
Resolve merge conflicts by updating from master
Add files back in to prep for resolution
After rebase on upstream/master, remove files
Review and update localization guidelines
Feedback from gochist, tnir, cstoku
Add a trailing newline to content/ja/OWNERS
Add a trailing newline to content/zh/OWNERS
Drop requirement for GH repo project
Clarify language about forks/branches
Edits and typos
Remove a shortcode specific to a multi-repo language setup
Update aliases and owners
Add explicit OWNERS for content/en
Migrate content from Chinese repo, update regex in config.toml
Remove untranslated strings
Add trailing newline to content/en/OWNERS
Add trailing newlines to OWNERS files
add Jaguar project description (#10433)
* add Jaguar project description
[Jaguar](https://gitlab.com/sdnlab/jaguar) is an open source solution for Kubernetes's network based on OpenDaylight.
Jaguar provides overlay network using vxlan and Jaguar CNIPlugin provides one IP address per pod.
* Minor newline tweak
blog post for azure vmss (#10538)
Add microk8s to pick-right-solution.md (#10542)
* Add microk8s to pick-right-solution.md
Microk8s is a single-command installation of upstream Kubernetes on any Linux and should be included in the list of local-machine solutions.
* capitalized Istio
Add microk8s to foundational.md (#10543)
* Add microk8s to foundational.md
Adding microk8s as credible and stable alternative to get started with Kubernetes on a local machine. This is especially attractive for those not wanting to incur the overhead of running a VM for a local cluster.
* Update foundational.md
Thank you for your suggestions! LMK if this works now?
* Rewrote first paragraph
And included a bullet list of features of microk8s
* Copyedit
fix typo (#10545)
Fix the kubectl subcommands links. (#10550)
Signed-off-by: William Zhang <warmchang@outlook.com>
Fix command issue (#10515)
Signed-off-by: mooncake <xcoder@tenxcloud.com>
remove imported community files per issue 10184 (#10501)
networking.md: Markdown fix (#10498)
Fix front matter, federation command-line tools (#10500)
Clean up glossary entry (#10399)
update slack link (#10536)
typo in StatefulSet docs (#10558)
fix discription about horizontal pod autoscale (#10557)
Remove redundant symbols (#10556)
Fix issue #10520 (#10554)
Signed-off-by: William Zhang <warmchang@outlook.com>
Update api-concepts.md (#10534)
Revert "Fix command issue (#10515)"
This reverts commit c02a7fb9f9.
Update memory-constraint-namespace.md (#10530)
update memory request to 100MiB corresponding the yaml content
Blog: Introducing Volume Snapshot Alpha for Kubernetes (#10562)
* blog post for azure vmss
* snapshot blog post
Resolve merge conflicts in OWNERS*
Minor typo fix (#10567)
Not sure what's supposed to be here, proposing removing it.
* Feedback from gochist
Tweaks to feedback
* Feedback from ClaudiaJKang
163 lines
5.3 KiB
Markdown
163 lines
5.3 KiB
Markdown
---
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approvers:
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- bowei
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- zihongz
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title: 在 Kubernetes 中配置私有 DNS 和上游域名服务器
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content_template: templates/task
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---
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{{% capture overview %}}
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本页展示了如何添加自定义私有 DNS 域(存根域)和上游域名服务器。
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{{% /capture %}}
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{{% capture prerequisites %}}
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* {{< include "task-tutorial-prereqs.md" >}} {{< version-check >}}
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* Kubernetes 1.6 及其以上版本。
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* 集群必须配置使用 `kube-dns` 插件。
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{{% /capture %}}
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{{% capture steps %}}
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## 配置存根域和上游 DNS 服务器
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通过为 kube-dns (`kube-system:kube-dns`)提供 ConfigMap,集群管理员能够指定自定义存根域和上游域名服务器。
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例如,下面的 ConfigMap 建立了一个 DNS 配置,它具有一个单独的存根域和两个上游域名服务器:
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```yaml
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apiVersion: v1
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kind: ConfigMap
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metadata:
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name: kube-dns
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namespace: kube-system
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data:
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stubDomains: |
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{“acme.local”: [“1.2.3.4”]}
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upstreamNameservers: |
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[“8.8.8.8”, “8.8.4.4”]
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```
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按如上说明,具有 “.acme.local” 后缀的 DNS 请求被转发到 DNS 1.2.3.4。Google 公共 DNS服务器 为上游查询提供服务。
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下表描述了具有特定域名的查询如何映射到它们的目标 DNS 服务器:
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| 域名 | 响应查询的服务器 |
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| ----------- | -------------------------- |
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| kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local| kube-dns |
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| foo.acme.local| 自定义 DNS (1.2.3.4) |
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| widget.com | 上游 DNS (8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4,其中之一) |
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查看 [ConfigMap 选项](#configmap-options) 获取更多关于配置选项格式的详细信息。
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{{% /capture %}}
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{{% capture discussion %}}
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## 理解 Kubernetes 中名字解析
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可以为每个 Pod 设置 DNS 策略。
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当前 Kubernetes 支持两种 Pod 特定的 DNS 策略:“Default” 和 “ClusterFirst”。
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可以通过 `dnsPolicy` 标志来指定这些策略。
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*注意:“Default” 不是默认的 DNS 策略。如果没有显式地指定 `dnsPolicy`,将会使用 “ClusterFirst”。*
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### "Default" DNS 策略
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如果 `dnsPolicy` 被设置为 “Default”,则名字解析配置会继承自 Pod 运行所在的节点。
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自定义上游域名服务器和存根域不能够与这个策略一起使用。
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### "ClusterFirst" DNS 策略
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如果 `dnsPolicy` 被设置为 "ClusterFirst",处理名字解析有所不同,*依赖于是否配置了存根域和上游 DNS 服务器*。
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**未进行自定义配置**:没有匹配上配置的集群域名后缀的任何请求,例如 “www.kubernetes.io”,将会被转发到继承自节点的上游域名服务器。
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**进行自定义配置**:如果配置了存根域和上游 DNS 服务器(类似于 [前面示例](#configuring-stub-domain-and-upstream-dns-servers) 配置的内容),DNS 查询将基于下面的流程对请求进行路由:
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1. 查询首先被发送到 kube-dns 中的 DNS 缓存层。
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1. 从缓存层,检查请求的后缀,并根据下面的情况转发到对应的 DNS 上:
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* *具有集群后缀的名字*(例如 ".cluster.local"):请求被发送到 kube-dns。
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* *具有存根域后缀的名字*(例如 ".acme.local"):请求被发送到配置的自定义 DNS 解析器(例如:监听在 1.2.3.4)。
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* *未能匹配上后缀的名字*(例如 "widget.com"):请求被转发到上游 DNS(例如:Google 公共 DNS 服务器,8.8.8.8 和 8.8.4.4)。
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## ConfigMap 选项
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kube-dns `kube-system:kube-dns` 对应的 ConfigMap 选项如下所示:
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| 字段 | 格式 | 描述 |
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| ----- | ------ | ----------- |
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| `stubDomains`(可选)| 使用 DNS 后缀作为键(例如 “acme.local”)的 JSON map,以及由 DNS IP 的 JSON 数组组成的值。 | 目标域名服务器可能是一个 Kubernetes Service。例如,可以运行自己的 dnsmasq 副本,将 DNS 名字暴露到 ClusterDNS namespace 中。|
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| `upstreamNameservers`(可选)| DNS IP 的 JSON 数组。 | 注意:如果指定,则指定的值会替换掉被默认从节点的 `/etc/resolv.conf` 中获取到的域名服务器。限制:最多可以指定三个上游域名服务器。|
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## 附加示例
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### 示例:存根域
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在这个例子中,用户有一个 Consul DNS 服务发现系统,他们希望能够与 kube-dns 集成起来。
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Consul 域名服务器地址为 10.150.0.1,所有的 Consul 名字具有后缀 “.consul.local”。
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要配置 Kubernetes,集群管理员只需要简单地创建一个 ConfigMap 对象,如下所示:
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```yaml
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apiVersion: v1
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kind: ConfigMap
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metadata:
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name: kube-dns
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namespace: kube-system
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data:
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stubDomains: |
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{“consul.local”: [“10.150.0.1”]}
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```
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注意,集群管理员不希望覆盖节点的上游域名服务器,所以他们不会指定可选的 `upstreamNameservers` 字段。
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### 示例:上游域名服务器
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在这个示例中,集群管理员不希望显式地强制所有非集群 DNS 查询进入到他们自己的域名服务器 172.16.0.1。
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而且这很容易实现:他们只需要创建一个 ConfigMap,`upstreamNameservers` 字段指定期望的域名服务器即可:
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```yaml
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apiVersion: v1
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kind: ConfigMap
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metadata:
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name: kube-dns
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namespace: kube-system
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data:
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upstreamNameservers: |
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[“172.16.0.1”]
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```
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{{% /capture %}}
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