SataQiu
285 lines
19 KiB
Markdown
285 lines
19 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: PKI 证书和需求
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content_template: templates/concept
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---
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<!--
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---
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title: PKI Certificates and Requirements
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reviewers:
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- sig-cluster-lifecycle
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content_template: templates/concept
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---
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-->
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{{% capture overview %}}
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<!--
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Kubernetes requires PKI certificates for authentication over TLS.
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If you install Kubernetes with [kubeadm](/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm/), the certificates that your cluster requires are automatically generated.
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You can also generate your own certificates -- for example, to keep your private keys more secure by not storing them on the API server.
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This page explains the certificates that your cluster requires.
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-->
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Kubernetes 需要 PKI 证书才能通过 TLS 进行身份验证。如果使用 [kubeadm](/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm/) 安装 Kubernetes，集群所需的证书会被自动生成。
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您还可以生成自己的证书——例如，通过不将私钥保存在 API 服务器上，来更安全地保护它们。。
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此页面说明了集群所需的证书。
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{{% /capture %}}
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{{% capture body %}}
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<!--
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## How certificates are used by your cluster
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-->
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## 集群如何使用证书
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<!--
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Kubernetes requires PKI for the following operations:
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-->
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Kubernetes 在执行以下操作时需要相应的证书：
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<!--
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* Client certificates for the kubelet to authenticate to the API server
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* Server certificate for the API server endpoint
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* Client certificates for administrators of the cluster to authenticate to the API server
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* Client certificates for the API server to talk to the kubelets
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* Client certificate for the API server to talk to etcd
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* Client certificate/kubeconfig for the controller manager to talk to the API server
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* Client certificate/kubeconfig for the scheduler to talk to the API server.
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* Client and server certificates for the [front-proxy][proxy]
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-->
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* 客户端证书，供 kubelet 访问 API 服务器时的身份验证使用
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* API 服务器端点的服务器证书
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* 客户端证书，供集群管理员访问 API 服务器时的身份验证之用
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* API 服务器与 kubelet 通信所需的客户端证书
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* API 服务器与 etcd 通信所需的客户端证书
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* 客户端证书/kubeconfig，供控制器管理器与 API 服务器通信
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* 客户端证书/kubeconfig，供调度器与 API 服务器通信。
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* [front-proxy][proxy] 的客户端和服务器证书
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{{< note >}}
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<!--
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`front-proxy` certificates are required only if you run kube-proxy to support [an extension API server](/docs/tasks/access-kubernetes-api/setup-extension-api-server/).
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-->
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仅在您使用 kube-proxy 来支持 [一个扩展 API 服务器](/docs/tasks/access-kubernetes-api/setup-extension-api-server/) 时才需要 `front-proxy` 证书。
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{{< /note >}}
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<!--
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etcd also implements mutual TLS to authenticate clients and peers.
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-->
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etcd 还实现了双向 TLS 来验证客户端和对等端。
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<!--
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## Where certificates are stored
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-->
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## 证书在何处存储
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<!--
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If you install Kubernetes with kubeadm, certificates are stored in `/etc/kubernetes/pki`. All paths in this documentation are relative to that directory.
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-->
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如果使用 kubeadm 安装 Kubernetes，证书将存储在 `/etc/kubernetes/pki` 目录中。 本文档中的所有路径，都是与该目录的相对路径。
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<!--
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## Configure certificates manually
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-->
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## 手动配置证书
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<!--
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If you don't want kubeadm to generate the required certificates, you can create them in either of the following ways.
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-->
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如果您不希望 kubeadm 生成所需的证书，可以使用以下任一方法创建它们。
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<!--
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### Single root CA
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-->
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单个 root CA
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<!--
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You can create a single root CA, controlled by an administrator. This root CA can then create multiple intermediate CAs, and delegate all further creation to Kubernetes itself.
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-->
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您可以创建一个由管理员控制的单个 root CA。然后，此 root CA 可以创建多个中间 CA，并委托 Kubernetes 本身完成后续创建操作。
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<!--
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Required CAs:
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| path | Default CN | description |
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|------------------------|---------------------------|----------------------------------|
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| ca.crt,key | kubernetes-ca | Kubernetes general CA |
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| etcd/ca.crt,key | etcd-ca | For all etcd-related functions |
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| front-proxy-ca.crt,key | kubernetes-front-proxy-ca | For the [front-end proxy][proxy] |
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-->
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所需 CA：
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| 路径 | 默认 CN | 描述 |
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|------------------------|---------------------------|----------------------------------|
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| ca.crt,key | kubernetes-ca | Kubernetes 通用 CA |
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| etcd/ca.crt,key | etcd-ca | 所有 etcd 相关操作 |
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| front-proxy-ca.crt,key | kubernetes-front-proxy-ca | 供 [front-end proxy][proxy] 使用 |
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<!--
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### All certificates
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-->
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### 所有证书
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<!--
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If you don't wish to copy these private keys to your API servers, you can generate all certificates yourself.
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-->
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如果您不希望将这些私钥复制到 API 服务器，您可以自己生成所有证书。
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<!--
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Required certificates:
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| Default CN | Parent CA | O (in Subject) | kind | hosts (SAN) |
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|-------------------------------|---------------------------|----------------|----------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|
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| kube-etcd | etcd-ca | | server, client [<sup>1</sup>][etcdbug] | `localhost`, `127.0.0.1` |
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| kube-etcd-peer | etcd-ca | | server, client | `<hostname>`, `<Host_IP>`, `localhost`, `127.0.0.1` |
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| kube-etcd-healthcheck-client | etcd-ca | | client | |
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| kube-apiserver-etcd-client | etcd-ca | system:masters | client | |
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| kube-apiserver | kubernetes-ca | | server | `<hostname>`, `<Host_IP>`, `<advertise_IP>`, `[1]` |
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| kube-apiserver-kubelet-client | kubernetes-ca | system:masters | client | |
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| front-proxy-client | kubernetes-front-proxy-ca | | client | |
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-->
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所需证书：
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| 默认 CN | 父 CA | O (in Subject) | 种类 | 主机 (SAN) |
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|-------------------------------|---------------------------|----------------|----------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------|
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| kube-etcd | etcd-ca | | server, client [<sup>1</sup>][etcdbug] | `localhost`, `127.0.0.1` |
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| kube-etcd-peer | etcd-ca | | server, client | `<hostname>`, `<Host_IP>`, `localhost`, `127.0.0.1` |
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| kube-etcd-healthcheck-client | etcd-ca | | client | |
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| kube-apiserver-etcd-client | etcd-ca | system:masters | client | |
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| kube-apiserver | kubernetes-ca | | server | `<hostname>`, `<Host_IP>`, `<advertise_IP>`, `[1]` |
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| kube-apiserver-kubelet-client | kubernetes-ca | system:masters | client | |
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| front-proxy-client | kubernetes-front-proxy-ca | | client | |
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[1]: `kubernetes`, `kubernetes.default`, `kubernetes.default.svc`, `kubernetes.default.svc.cluster`, `kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local`
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<!--
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where `kind` maps to one or more of the [x509 key usage][usage] types:
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-->
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`kind` 映射到一个或多个 [x509 key usage][usage] 类型上
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<!--
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| kind | Key usage |
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|--------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
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| server | digital signature, key encipherment, server auth |
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| client | digital signature, key encipherment, client auth |
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-->
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| 种类 | 密钥用途 |
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|--------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
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| server | 数字签名，密钥加密，服务器鉴权 |
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| client | 数字签名，密钥加密，客户端鉴权 |
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<!--
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### Certificate paths
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-->
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### 证书路径
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<!--
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Certificates should be placed in a recommended path (as used by [kubeadm][kubeadm]). Paths should be specified using the given argument regardless of location.
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| Default CN | recommend key path | recommended cert path | command | key argument | cert argument |
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|------------------------------|------------------------------|-----------------------------|----------------|------------------------------|-------------------------------------------|
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| etcd-ca | | etcd/ca.crt | kube-apiserver | | --etcd-cafile |
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| etcd-client | apiserver-etcd-client.crt | apiserver-etcd-client.crt | kube-apiserver | --etcd-certfile | --etcd-keyfile |
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| kubernetes-ca | | ca.crt | kube-apiserver | --client-ca-file | |
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| kube-apiserver | apiserver.crt | apiserver.key | kube-apiserver | --tls-cert-file | --tls-private-key |
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| apiserver-kubelet-client | apiserver-kubelet-client.crt | | kube-apiserver | --kubelet-client-certificate | |
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| front-proxy-client | front-proxy-client.key | front-proxy-client.crt | kube-apiserver | --proxy-client-cert-file | --proxy-client-key-file |
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| | | | | | |
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| etcd-ca | | etcd/ca.crt | etcd | | --trusted-ca-file, --peer-trusted-ca-file |
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| kube-etcd | | etcd/server.crt | etcd | | --cert-file |
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| kube-etcd-peer | etcd/peer.key | etcd/peer.crt | etcd | --peer-key-file | --peer-cert-file |
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| etcd-ca | | etcd/ca.crt | etcdctl[2] | | --cacert |
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| kube-etcd-healthcheck-client | etcd/healthcheck-client.key | etcd/healthcheck-client.crt | etcdctl[2] | --key | --cert |
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-->
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证书应放置在推荐路径 (类似 [kubeadm][kubeadm] 中指定的)。无论位置如何，都应使用给定的参数指定路径。
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| 默认 CN | 建议密钥路径 | 建议 cert 路径 | 命令 | 密钥参数 | cert 参数 |
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|------------------------------|------------------------------|-----------------------------|----------------|------------------------------|-------------------------------------------|
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| etcd-ca | | etcd/ca.crt | kube-apiserver | | --etcd-cafile |
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| etcd-client | apiserver-etcd-client.crt | apiserver-etcd-client.crt | kube-apiserver | --etcd-certfile | --etcd-keyfile |
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| kubernetes-ca | | ca.crt | kube-apiserver | --client-ca-file | |
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| kube-apiserver | apiserver.crt | apiserver.key | kube-apiserver | --tls-cert-file | --tls-private-key |
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| apiserver-kubelet-client | apiserver-kubelet-client.crt | | kube-apiserver | --kubelet-client-certificate | |
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| front-proxy-client | front-proxy-client.key | front-proxy-client.crt | kube-apiserver | --proxy-client-cert-file | --proxy-client-key-file |
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| | | | | | |
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| etcd-ca | | etcd/ca.crt | etcd | | --trusted-ca-file, --peer-trusted-ca-file |
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| kube-etcd | | etcd/server.crt | etcd | | --cert-file |
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| kube-etcd-peer | etcd/peer.key | etcd/peer.crt | etcd | --peer-key-file | --peer-cert-file |
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| etcd-ca | | etcd/ca.crt | etcdctl[2] | | --cacert |
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| kube-etcd-healthcheck-client | etcd/healthcheck-client.key | etcd/healthcheck-client.crt | etcdctl[2] | --key | --cert |
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<!--
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[2]: For a liveness probe, if self-hosted
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-->
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[2]: 对应自托管时的活跃度检测场景
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<!--
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## Configure certificates for user accounts
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-->
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## 为用户帐户配置证书
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<!--
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You must manually configure these administrator account and service accounts:
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-->
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您必须手动配置这些管理员帐户和服务帐户：
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<!--
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| filename | credential name | Default CN | O (in Subject) |
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|-------------------------|----------------------------|--------------------------------|----------------|
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| admin.conf | default-admin | kubernetes-admin | system:masters |
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| kubelet.conf | default-auth | system:node:`<nodename>` | system:nodes |
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| controller-manager.conf | default-controller-manager | system:kube-controller-manager | |
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| scheduler.conf | default-manager | system:kube-scheduler | |
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-->
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| 文件名 | 凭据名 | 默认 | O (in Subject) |
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|-------------------------|----------------------------|--------------------------------|----------------|
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| admin.conf | default-admin | kubernetes-admin | system:masters |
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| kubelet.conf | default-auth | system:node:`<nodename>` | system:nodes |
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| controller-manager.conf | default-controller-manager | system:kube-controller-manager | |
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| scheduler.conf | default-manager | system:kube-scheduler | |
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<!--
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1. For each config, generate an x509 cert/key pair with the given CN and O.
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1. Run `kubectl` as follows for each config:
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-->
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1. 对于每个配置，使用给定的 CN 和 O 生成 x509 证书/密钥对。
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1. 对于每个配置按如下所示执行 `kubectl`：
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```shell
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KUBECONFIG=<filename> kubectl config set-cluster default-cluster --server=https://<host ip>:6443 --certificate-authority <path-to-kubernetes-ca> --embed-certs
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KUBECONFIG=<filename> kubectl config set-credentials <credential-name> --client-key <path-to-key>.pem --client-certificate <path-to-cert>.pem --embed-certs
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KUBECONFIG=<filename> kubectl config set-context default-system --cluster default-cluster --user <credential-name>
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KUBECONFIG=<filename> kubectl config use-context default-system
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```
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<!--
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These files are used as follows:
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-->
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这些文件用途如下：
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<!--
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| filename | command | comment |
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|-------------------------|-------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
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| admin.conf | kubectl | Configures administrator user for the cluster |
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| kubelet.conf | kubelet | One required for each node in the cluster. |
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| controller-manager.conf | kube-controller-manager | Must be added to manifest in `manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml` |
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| scheduler.conf | kube-scheduler | Must be added to manifest in `manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml` |
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-->
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| 文件名 | 命令 | 描述 |
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|-------------------------|-------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
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| admin.conf | kubectl | 配置集群的管理员用户 |
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| kubelet.conf | kubelet | 集群中的每个节点都需要一个。 |
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| controller-manager.conf | kube-controller-manager | 必须添加到清单 `manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml` 中 |
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| scheduler.conf | kube-scheduler | 必须添加到清单 `manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml` 中 |
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<!--
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[usage]: https://godoc.org/k8s.io/api/certificates/v1beta1#KeyUsage
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-->
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[usage]: https://godoc.org/k8s.io/api/certificates/v1beta1#KeyUsage
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[kubeadm]: /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm/
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[proxy]: /docs/tasks/access-kubernetes-api/configure-aggregation-layer/
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{{% /capture %}}
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