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452 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
divya-mohan0209 c75f5c3e92 Update + add changes suggested 2022-07-25 15:04:01 +05:30
divya-mohan0209 7024a599fb Revert "Remove commas from kubelet configuration example" 2022-07-25 14:57:28 +05:30
Kubernetes Prow Robot 54d2e71509 Merge pull request #34675 from mtardy/psp-annotation
Document the deprecated kubernetes.io/psp annotation
2022-07-25 02:26:35 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 9f1bf2c352 Merge pull request #35095 from bhangra/patch-1
Remove commas from kubelet configuration example
2022-07-25 02:14:36 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 1355669f73 Merge pull request #35196 from tengqm/zh-pod-ref
[zh-cn] resync workload-resources/pod-v1.md
2022-07-25 02:08:35 -07:00
bhangra 1d94b16b27 Update kubelet-config-file.md
trying to fit it to yaml style, while making it work on my system required quite a change. I'm not sure if this is appropriate to change it so much.
2022-07-25 18:02:21 +09:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot ae65f0d28c Merge pull request #35215 from bconfiden2/reference-index-eventratelimit
[en] Fix broken link apiserver-eventratelimit.v1alpha1
2022-07-25 01:32:35 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 6e9da5382c Merge pull request #35083 from akankshakumari393/patch-3
Omit `apt-transport-https` from install
2022-07-25 01:18:34 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 89867124b0 Merge pull request #35331 from windsonsea/kubeyhf
[zh-cn] resync /scheduling-eviction/kube-scheduler.md
2022-07-25 01:00:34 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot c932262b65 Merge pull request #35119 from Rishit-dagli/Rishit-dagli-api-resources-style
Add clarification about API resources to the Style Guide
2022-07-25 00:18:58 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 723ae44d5a Merge pull request #35104 from balaramvedulla/patch-1
Updates to Node affinity weight section
2022-07-25 00:16:58 -07:00
ydFu 5782342f6d [zh-cn] resync workload-resources/pod-v1.md
Signed-off-by: ydFu <ader.ydfu@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Qiming Teng <tengqm@outlook.com>
2022-07-25 14:23:52 +08:00
Michael db58c59730 [zh-cn] resync /scheduling-eviction/kube-scheduler.md 2022-07-25 13:19:44 +08:00
Nitish Kumar af9b15a3bb Minor typo in Korean docs fixed Fix 01 (#35085)
* Minor typo in Korean docs fixed Fix 01

* Minor typo in Korean docs fixed 02

Co-authored-by: Nitish Kumar <86051118+Nitishhh123@users.noreply.github.com>
2022-07-24 21:44:57 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot e39e988f8d Merge pull request #35312 from yanrongshi/zh-cn]sync-managing-secret-using-kustomize
[zh-cn]sync managing-secret-using-kustomize.md
2022-07-24 20:00:57 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot bc557bbfcb Merge pull request #35308 from Sea-n/zh-links-eviction
[zh-cn] Fix link for runtime-class
2022-07-24 19:26:57 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 526f61e0b8 Merge pull request #35309 from yanrongshi/zh-cn]sync-access-authn-authz/rbac
[zh-cn]sync rbac.md
2022-07-24 19:18:57 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 536a524e75 Merge pull request #35327 from kinzhi/kinzhi177
[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/tasks/run-application/delete-stateful-set.md
2022-07-24 19:02:57 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 0e59c62f1e Merge pull request #35318 from yanrongshi/zh-cn]sync-optional-kubectl-configs-bash-mac
[zh-cn]sync optional-kubectl-configs-bash-mac.md
2022-07-24 19:00:57 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot f187f6e415 Merge pull request #35326 from kinzhi/kinzhi176
[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/concepts/services-networking/service-traffic-policy.md
2022-07-24 18:58:57 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 05e1eb21d0 Merge pull request #35322 from yanrongshi/zh-cn]update-feature-gates.md
[zh-cn]Update feature-gates.md
2022-07-24 18:56:58 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 679c41137c Merge pull request #35319 from yanrongshi/zh-cn]fix-a-old-link-on-2020-09-30-writing-crl-scheduler/index.md
[zh-cn]fix a old links on 2020-09-30-writing-crl-scheduler/index.md
2022-07-24 18:54:58 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 7c11eaa022 Merge pull request #35320 from yanrongshi/zh-cn]update-content-/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/_index.md
[zh-cn]Update scheduling-eviction/_index.md
2022-07-24 18:52:57 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 92ecb12c82 Merge pull request #35324 from kinzhi/kinzhi174
[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/kube-scheduler.md
2022-07-24 18:50:57 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 76e376655e Merge pull request #35325 from kinzhi/kinzhi175
[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/_index.md
2022-07-24 18:48:58 -07:00
Kinzhi 136a8b20a1 [zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/tasks/run-application/delete-stateful-set.md 2022-07-25 03:20:24 +08:00
Kinzhi 1baab2b4ab [zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/concepts/services-networking/service-traffic-policy.md 2022-07-25 03:13:40 +08:00
Kinzhi eca7a91024 [zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/_index.md 2022-07-25 03:09:24 +08:00
Kinzhi b42e913b24 [zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/kube-scheduler.md 2022-07-25 02:58:45 +08:00
yanrong.shi bff11f7014 Update feature-gates.md 2022-07-25 01:41:32 +08:00
yanrong.shi 7813d8449d Update _index.md 2022-07-25 01:23:27 +08:00
yanrong.shi ab255f8477 Update index.md 2022-07-25 01:17:17 +08:00
yanrong.shi 94365a01e1 Update optional-kubectl-configs-bash-mac.md 2022-07-25 00:59:51 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot fc70f1b3cf Merge pull request #35272 from windsonsea/gateyhf
[zh-cn] sync /blog/_posts/2022-07-13-gateway-api-in-beta.md
2022-07-24 09:30:57 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 9312b03116 Merge pull request #34995 from ayatk/fix-release-versioning-link-ja
[ja] Fix links in release versioning
2022-07-24 07:42:58 -07:00
yanrong.shi 697c6ded7a Update rbac.md 2022-07-24 22:42:43 +08:00
windsonsea 97856abd67 [zh-cn] sync /blog/_posts/2022-07-13-gateway-api-in-beta.md 2022-07-24 22:35:46 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 883dcad5d9 Merge pull request #35313 from windsonsea/schevi
[zh-cn] resync /concepts/scheduling-eviction/_index.md
2022-07-24 06:32:57 -07:00
Sean Wei 35308def51 [zh-cn] Fix link for runtime-class 2022-07-24 21:32:41 +08:00
Michael b921eb3005 [zh-cn] resync /concepts/scheduling-eviction/_index.md 2022-07-24 21:04:32 +08:00
yanrong.shi 41aa6aa3a7 Update managing-secret-using-kustomize.md 2022-07-24 19:19:37 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 7078c38d3b Merge pull request #33792 from sftim/20220510_assign_pod_node_affinity_updates
Revise scheduling-related docs
2022-07-24 03:38:57 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot d1164ab373 Merge pull request #35287 from windsonsea/extest
[zh-cn] sync comments in /examples/examples_test.go
2022-07-24 01:34:58 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 0e69e360f0 Merge pull request #35065 from yanrongshi/fix-some-links-in-kubelet-credential-provider.md
[zh-cn]fix intro.md
2022-07-24 01:26:57 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot c072a72917 Merge pull request #35305 from windsonsea/nodeyhf
[en] updated /tasks/administer-cluster/nodelocaldns.md
2022-07-24 00:14:57 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 224b6ca091 Merge pull request #35306 from windsonsea/valdual
[zh-cn] resync /tasks/network/validate-dual-stack.md
2022-07-24 00:10:57 -07:00
windsonsea 22ca6a32b0 updated /tasks/administer-cluster/nodelocaldns.md 2022-07-24 14:58:24 +08:00
windsonsea 2213bc3da0 [zh-cn] resync /tasks/network/validate-dual-stack.md 2022-07-24 14:51:38 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot ea55ceb92a Merge pull request #35089 from windsonsea/evicten
[en] updated /node-pressure-eviction.md
2022-07-23 22:48:57 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot f975a48ca1 Merge pull request #35288 from yanrongshi/zh-cn]Resync-deployment
[zh-cn]resync deployment.md
2022-07-23 22:44:58 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot fa3ba781bf Merge pull request #35304 from windsonsea/debugyhf
[zh-cn] resync /tasks/debug/debug-cluster/
2022-07-23 22:40:56 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 73317eb79f Merge pull request #35286 from windsonsea/k8sobj
[zh-cn] updated blog/2022-05-03-kubernetes-release-1.24.md
2022-07-23 22:34:58 -07:00
windsonsea 605826cdc4 [zh-cn] resync /tasks/debug/debug-cluster/ 2022-07-24 12:19:54 +08:00
Rishit Dagli 989e8ac98c Add clarification about API resources to the Style Guide 2022-07-23 18:37:34 +00:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 4b435b453b Merge pull request #35284 from windsonsea/secretyhf
[zh-cn] updated /concepts/configuration/secret.md
2022-07-23 10:42:56 -07:00
yanrongshi 7fd2fee01f Update deployment.md 2022-07-23 23:15:12 +08:00
windsonsea 574dc44cfe [zh-cn] sync comments in /examples/examples_test.go 2022-07-23 23:08:07 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 93168d8262 Merge pull request #35281 from windsonsea/serviceyhf
[zh-cn] updated /concepts/services-networking/service.md
2022-07-23 07:36:56 -07:00
windsonsea babc0bc934 [zh-cn] updated blog/2022-05-03-kubernetes-release-1.24.md 2022-07-23 22:35:32 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 9cdbeca8ea Merge pull request #35282 from windsonsea/logyhf
[zh-cn] updated /concepts/cluster-administration/logging.md
2022-07-23 07:30:56 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot faccca2a7a Merge pull request #35285 from Sea-n/zh-tutorials-apparmor
[zh-cn] Resync apparmor.md
2022-07-23 07:24:57 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 1227156746 Merge pull request #35278 from kinzhi/kinzhi173
[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/releases/release-managers.md
2022-07-23 07:16:57 -07:00
Sean Wei 35285abc00 [zh-cn] Resync apparmor.md 2022-07-23 22:10:00 +08:00
windsonsea 4702348587 [zh-cn] updated /concepts/cluster-administration/logging.md 2022-07-23 21:44:26 +08:00
windsonsea 1099fb7849 [zh-cn] updated /concepts/configuration/secret.md 2022-07-23 21:37:03 +08:00
windsonsea 6905bc2443 [zh-cn] updated /concepts/services-networking/service.md 2022-07-23 20:46:23 +08:00
Kinzhi 5684ff75b1 [zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/releases/release-managers.md
[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/releases/release-managers.md
2022-07-23 19:10:56 +08:00
bconfiden2 4cd849169c Fix broken link apiserver-eventratelimit.v1alpha1 2022-07-23 20:05:10 +09:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot a6072b62a5 Merge pull request #35265 from kinzhi/kinzhi166
[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/concepts/configuration/overview.md
2022-07-23 03:14:56 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 0f2edb1c13 Merge pull request #35071 from yanrongshi/zh-cn]update-cluster-upgrade.md
[zh-cn]Update cluster-upgrade.md
2022-07-23 03:12:56 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot da94c95c54 Merge pull request #35058 from yanrongshi/fix-some-overdue-in-automated-tasks-with-cron-jobs
[zh-cn]fix-some-overdue-in-automated-tasks-with-cron-jobs
2022-07-23 03:06:57 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot c2f97bced4 Merge pull request #35277 from kinzhi/kinzhi172
[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/examples/controllers/job.yaml
2022-07-23 02:54:56 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 6575408b2a Merge pull request #35275 from kinzhi/kinzhi170
[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/concepts/windows/user-guide.md
2022-07-23 02:52:56 -07:00
Kinzhi e9b3c8cd75 [zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/examples/controllers/job.yaml 2022-07-23 17:24:50 +08:00
Kinzhi 1c8a2015d1 [zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/concepts/windows/user-guide.md 2022-07-23 17:09:07 +08:00
Kinzhi 5e77d3298b [zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/concepts/configuration/overview.md
[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/concepts/configuration/overview.md
2022-07-23 16:55:59 +08:00
yanrong.shi 5145e69dc4 Update cluster-upgrade.md 2022-07-23 16:41:59 +08:00
yanrong.shi 1855a19234 Update intro.md 2022-07-23 16:34:25 +08:00
yanrong.shi 7eaecb8cd5 Update automated-tasks-with-cron-jobs.md 2022-07-23 16:20:07 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 55b4cee581 Merge pull request #35262 from windsonsea/homeen
updated text on the home page
2022-07-23 01:14:56 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 32b5425292 Merge pull request #35249 from windsonsea/sprayhf
[zh-cn] resync /production-environment/tools/kubespray.md
2022-07-23 01:12:56 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 4f16f296ed Merge pull request #35269 from yanrongshi/en]-update-windows/user-guide.md
[en]Resync user-guide.md
2022-07-23 00:46:56 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot c98791b53c Merge pull request #35266 from kinzhi/kinzhi167
[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/concepts/services-networking/dual-stack.md
2022-07-23 00:44:56 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 5e15f705ef Merge pull request #35268 from kinzhi/kinzhi168
[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/job.md
2022-07-23 00:42:56 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 007b87a7c4 Merge pull request #35256 from windsonsea/homeyhf
[zh-cn] resync content/zh-cn/_index.html
2022-07-23 00:40:57 -07:00
yanrong.shi af07764779 Update user-guide.md 2022-07-23 14:57:32 +08:00
Kinzhi a2166e41b5 [zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/job.md 2022-07-23 14:49:22 +08:00
Michael f1b04c4317 [zh-cn] resync /production-environment/tools/kubespray.md 2022-07-23 14:38:27 +08:00
Kinzhi 8385803d9d [zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/concepts/services-networking/dual-stack.md 2022-07-23 14:22:24 +08:00
Michael 4405b558e2 [zh-cn] resync content/zh-cn/_index.html 2022-07-23 14:16:08 +08:00
windsonsea 121f0419fa updated text on the home page 2022-07-23 14:00:06 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 1ec0f98695 Merge pull request #34616 from tengqm/zh-resync-config-sa
[zh-cn] Resync and normalize configure service account page
2022-07-22 21:42:56 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 92c8c8cfae Merge pull request #35246 from yanrongshi/zh-cn]update-workloads.md
[zh-cn]update workloads/ _index.md
2022-07-22 21:20:56 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 5eefdea6bb Merge pull request #35260 from Sea-n/zh-concepts-labels
[zh-cn] Resync labels.md
2022-07-22 20:44:55 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot d7370f576a Merge pull request #35247 from windsonsea/adminyhf
[zh-cn] updated /access-authn-authz/service-accounts-admin.md
2022-07-22 20:42:56 -07:00
Sean Wei 35260abc77 [zh-cn] Resync labels.md 2022-07-23 11:15:04 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot c6f19fa20c Merge pull request #34933 from donghui12/feature/zh_cn_resource_quota_v1
Feature/zh cn resource quota v1
2022-07-22 20:10:56 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 6fb0fb17a8 Merge pull request #35253 from yanrongshi/zh-cn]Fixed-Hyperlinks-for-custom-CA-and-dedicated-CA
[zh-cn]Fixed-Hyperlinks-for-custom-CA-and-dedicated-CA
2022-07-22 19:58:57 -07:00
yanrongshi 0f64048073 Update _index.md 2022-07-23 02:04:40 +08:00
yanrongshi 38893467ee Update _index.md 2022-07-23 01:45:13 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 114ba42a06 Merge pull request #35192 from Shubham82/fixed-hyperlinks
Fixed Hyperlinks for custom CA and dedicated CA.
2022-07-22 10:21:38 -07:00
donghui.jiang 5760a94491 [zh-cn] update resource-quota-v1.md Chinese version 2022-07-22 23:44:45 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 38450421fc Merge pull request #35183 from zhangxyjlu/horizontal-pod-autoscaler-v2beta2
[zh-cn] Add horizontal-pod-autoscaler-v2beta2.md chinese version
2022-07-22 07:51:37 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 4edda58266 Merge pull request #35122 from ydFu/update-Kubespray
Updated the 'Installing Kubernetes with Kubespray'
2022-07-22 07:49:39 -07:00
Michael f8aa712c5f [zh-cn] updated /access-authn-authz/service-accounts-admin.md 2022-07-22 22:28:22 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot a46aa00d9e Merge pull request #35193 from windsonsea/versionskew
[zh-cn] updated /releases/version-skew-policy.md
2022-07-22 06:37:37 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 2de09c7e4f Merge pull request #35245 from windsonsea/gargoss
[zh-cn] resync /glossary/extensions.md
2022-07-22 05:59:38 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot a7d8b547c2 Merge pull request #33099 from MrErlison/sig-ptbr
Add content/pt-br/docs/reference/glossary/sig.md
2022-07-22 05:47:38 -07:00
Michael 5035fb3dea [zh-cn] resync /glossary/extensions.md 2022-07-22 20:43:57 +08:00
Mr. Erlison 83c60fad73 Fix typo
Signed-off-by: Mr. Erlison <sisal.cordame_0a@icloud.com>
2022-07-22 09:32:00 -03:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot a979796ad1 Merge pull request #35236 from windsonsea/pspyhf
[zh-cn] resync /access-authn-authz/extensible-admission-controllers.md
2022-07-22 05:15:37 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot cd04f712a5 Merge pull request #35238 from windsonsea/gloyhf
[zh-cn] Fix containerd config link
2022-07-22 04:49:39 -07:00
Michael 6d95407f10 [zh-cn] Fix containerd config link 2022-07-22 19:14:01 +08:00
Michael ba6eb64995 [zh-cn] resync /reference/access-authn-authz/extensible-admission-controllers.md 2022-07-22 18:56:24 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 973d95a14e Merge pull request #35175 from kinzhi/kinzhi165
[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/concepts/configuration/manage-resources-containers.md
2022-07-22 03:25:38 -07:00
Kinzhi fc851ff0af [zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/concepts/configuration/manage-resources-containers.md
[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/concepts/configuration/manage-resources-containers.md
2022-07-22 17:46:28 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 501149835e Merge pull request #35214 from 0xff-dev/main
fix rendering errors
2022-07-22 02:39:39 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 4cd83cc353 Merge pull request #35021 from windsonsea/cheatsheet
[zh-cn] resync /docs/reference/kubectl/cheatsheet.md
2022-07-22 02:27:39 -07:00
Qiming Teng 97d7b02613 [zh-cn] Resync and normalize configure service account page 2022-07-22 17:25:04 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 59ccdeff2e Merge pull request #35186 from hs0210/configure-java-microservice
[zh-cn] resync: docs/tutorials/configuration/configure-java-microservice/configure-java-microservice.md
2022-07-22 02:21:39 -07:00
0xff-dev 9bebc0e4fa fix rendering errors 2022-07-22 17:14:04 +08:00
Hu Shuai 229c4fa127 [zh-cn] resync: docs/tutorials/configuration/configure-java-microservice/configure-java-microservice.md
Signed-off-by: Hu Shuai <hus.fnst@fujitsu.com>
2022-07-22 16:01:54 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot c468213cbd Merge pull request #35182 from windsonsea/secyhf
[zh-cn] fix 404 errors in release.md
2022-07-22 00:01:39 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot fd481c3ba1 Merge pull request #35232 from mengjiao-liu/fix-cluster-term-cluster-zh
[zh-cn] Fix cluster term in volumes.md
2022-07-21 23:53:38 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot b90847d310 Merge pull request #35231 from Sea-n/api-eviction-zh
[zh-cn] Sync api-eviction.md
2022-07-21 23:33:38 -07:00
Mengjiao Liu d19e03e07b [zh-cn] Fix cluster term in volumes.md 2022-07-22 14:30:27 +08:00
Sean Wei 35231abc79 [zh-cn] Sync api-eviction.md 2022-07-22 12:33:58 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot aadf12ac15 Merge pull request #35227 from Sea-n/api-eviction-en
Fix link in glossary/api-eviction.md
2022-07-21 20:49:40 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 8e5c92ca80 Merge pull request #35216 from oradwell/patch-1
[en] Fix containerd config link
2022-07-21 20:47:38 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 46aae33827 Merge pull request #34116 from TheRealDwright/update-docs-labels
update docs labels
2022-07-21 20:43:39 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 13d6951db6 Merge pull request #35222 from windsonsea/releasefr
[zh-cn] Pick a de-sync from /tasks/tools/install-kubectl-linux.md
2022-07-21 19:25:38 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 8868433bd3 Merge pull request #35036 from sarazqy/patch-2
update website/content/zh-cn/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/workload-resources/priority-class-v1.md
2022-07-21 19:18:48 -07:00
Oliver Radwell a1035d6a4a Apply the same fix to runtime-class.md 2022-07-21 22:26:45 +01:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 79afafeb76 Merge pull request #34905 from edithturn/add-volume-health-monitoring
[es] Add content/es/docs/concepts/storage/volume-health-monitoring.md
2022-07-21 11:01:55 -07:00
Mike Hummel a15cc475d8 lates version of perl fails with the example code, need to use v5.34.0 (#34414)
* lates version of perl fails with the example code, need to use v5.34.0

* fix perl version in example job.yaml, is not working with actual latest
2022-07-21 10:23:54 -07:00
Sean Wei 35227abcc9 Fix link in glossary/api-eviction.md 2022-07-22 00:47:48 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 1a2958a4dd Merge pull request #35198 from tengqm/zh-node-selector
[zh-cn] Translate node-selector-requirement reference
2022-07-21 08:39:55 -07:00
Michael f7a73a151b [zh-cn] Pick a nit from /tasks/tools/install-kubectl-linux.md 2022-07-21 22:00:18 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 2b53353e1e Merge pull request #35205 from Arhell/it-upd
[it] update links in addons.md
2022-07-21 04:35:54 -07:00
Edith Puclla 5beb2fe4d9 Update content/es/docs/concepts/storage/volume-health-monitoring.md
Co-authored-by: Victor Morales <chipahuac@hotmail.com>
2022-07-21 06:12:34 -05:00
Edith Puclla a41d42d33c Update content/es/docs/concepts/storage/volume-health-monitoring.md
Co-authored-by: Victor Morales <chipahuac@hotmail.com>
2022-07-21 06:12:27 -05:00
Edith Puclla a630fcd621 Update content/es/docs/concepts/storage/volume-health-monitoring.md
Co-authored-by: Victor Morales <chipahuac@hotmail.com>
2022-07-21 06:12:20 -05:00
Edith Puclla ef29aaacac Update content/es/docs/concepts/storage/volume-health-monitoring.md
Co-authored-by: Victor Morales <chipahuac@hotmail.com>
2022-07-21 06:12:11 -05:00
Edith Puclla 91eb9996c1 Update content/es/docs/concepts/storage/volume-health-monitoring.md
Co-authored-by: Victor Morales <chipahuac@hotmail.com>
2022-07-21 06:11:52 -05:00
Edith Puclla 1ef6850f09 Update content/es/docs/concepts/storage/volume-health-monitoring.md
Co-authored-by: Victor Morales <chipahuac@hotmail.com>
2022-07-21 06:11:41 -05:00
Edith Puclla 68b2c17c9c Update content/es/docs/concepts/storage/volume-health-monitoring.md
Co-authored-by: Victor Morales <chipahuac@hotmail.com>
2022-07-21 06:10:29 -05:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot ddf05649e1 Merge pull request #35130 from saschagrunert/release-managers-description
Update Release Managers description
2022-07-21 03:37:56 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot c14e0d6746 Merge pull request #35015 from lshgdut/egress-ko
[ko] sync content/en/examples/admin/konnectivity/egress-selector-configuration.yaml
2022-07-21 01:03:54 -07:00
Oliver Radwell 6d3dcd0f67 [en] Fix containerd config link 2022-07-21 08:55:20 +01:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 43fbb58ce4 Merge pull request #33102 from MrErlison/rbac-ptbr
Add content/pt-br/docs/reference/glossary/rbac.md
2022-07-20 16:15:44 -07:00
Arhell fbdae581fe [it] update links in addons.md 2022-07-21 01:32:44 +03:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot a9e4d8e4a2 Merge pull request #35108 from zacho314/improve-german-explanation-of-image-isnotpresent
[de] concepts/containers/images: Improve description of IsNotPresent
2022-07-20 10:30:36 -07:00
Qiming Teng 1f33e9373c [zh-cn] Translate node-selector-requirement reference 2022-07-20 22:12:10 +08:00
windsonsea fa9b18e701 [zh-cn] updated /releases/version-skew-policy.md 2022-07-20 20:25:03 +08:00
Shubham Kuchhal f25dfcdf61 Fixed Hyperlinks for custom CA and dedicated CA. 2022-07-20 17:39:48 +05:30
Kubernetes Prow Robot d4c84372ab Merge pull request #35009 from fenggw-fnst/typo2
[ko] Fix typo in apiserver-aggregation.md
2022-07-19 23:06:40 -07:00
sarazqy 028b56a33a update website/content/zh-cn/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/workload-resources/priority-class-v1.md
update website/content/zh-cn/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/workload-resources/priority-class-v1.md
2022-07-20 12:09:57 +08:00
zhangxiaoyang 767ea5c198 [zh-cn] Add horizontal-pod-autoscaler-v2beta2.md chinese version 2022-07-20 10:22:03 +08:00
windsonsea a0a41981e0 [zh-cn] fix 404 errors in release.md 2022-07-20 10:21:21 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 42f91dddd0 Merge pull request #35163 from hs0210/replicaset
[zh-cn] resync: docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicaset.md
2022-07-19 18:46:36 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 20ec43cae4 Merge pull request #35157 from my-git9/patch-5
[zh-cn] improve container-lifecycle-hooks.md
2022-07-19 18:44:37 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 42d7f93da8 Merge pull request #35162 from hs0210/control-plane-nc
[zh-cn] resync docs/concepts/architecture/control-plane-node-communication.md
2022-07-19 18:42:37 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot a2fc253917 Merge pull request #35166 from windsonsea/storageyhf
[zh-cn] updated limit-storage-consumption.md
2022-07-19 18:40:37 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 7394ca3172 Merge pull request #35174 from Sea-n/zh-concepts-rc
[zh-cn] Update replicationcontroller.md
2022-07-19 18:20:36 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 7cbc31d2d9 Merge pull request #35173 from kinzhi/kinzhi164
[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/concepts/storage/projected-volumes.md
2022-07-19 18:18:37 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot d734bf96b6 Merge pull request #35167 from windsonsea/clusadm
[zh-cn] resync kubelet-in-userns.md
2022-07-19 18:16:37 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 2c8a8d3e13 Merge pull request #35169 from windsonsea/debugclus
[zh-cn] resync /concepts/security/controlling-access.md
2022-07-19 18:14:37 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 1367587da9 Merge pull request #35171 from Sea-n/zh-concepts-pss
[zh] Update pod-security-standards.md
2022-07-19 18:12:37 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 4f877d5517 Merge pull request #35172 from kinzhi/kinzhi163
[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/releases/release-managers.md
2022-07-19 18:10:37 -07:00
Gang Chen 158e3867c1 NetworkPolicy API doc chinese localization commit with tengqm's review suggestions (#35105) 2022-07-19 17:26:37 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot d2de85c52a Merge pull request #34411 from tengqm/update-review-guide
Improve reviewing PRs guide
2022-07-19 10:56:07 -07:00
Sean Wei 35174abcd9 [zh-cn] Update replicationcontroller.md 2022-07-20 00:27:41 +08:00
Kinzhi c94090c7d2 [zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/concepts/storage/projected-volumes.md 2022-07-20 00:25:38 +08:00
Kinzhi 342d3bffc1 [zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/releases/release-managers.md 2022-07-20 00:09:32 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot ab77561ecd Merge pull request #35098 from windsonsea/designes
[es] Fix links for k/design-proposals-archive
2022-07-19 09:08:06 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot ef3d00ff26 Merge pull request #34956 from windsonsea/partneres
[es] resync /partners/_index.html
2022-07-19 09:06:06 -07:00
Sean Wei 35171abc9d [zh] Update pod-security-standards.md 2022-07-20 00:00:40 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 5b6d343cf0 Merge pull request #35125 from zhangxyjlu/horizontal-pod-autoscaler-v2
[zh-cn] Add horizontal-pod-autoscaler-v2.md chinese version
2022-07-19 07:52:08 -07:00
Michael aee0a6d368 [zh-cn] resync /concepts/security/controlling-access.md 2022-07-19 22:46:31 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot a0a686774f Merge pull request #35168 from stormqueen1990/mauren-reviews-pt
Propose stormqueen1990 as a reviewer for the pt-br docs localization
2022-07-19 07:30:09 -07:00
Michael 4d14b97e8f [zh-cn] resync kubelet-in-userns.md 2022-07-19 21:26:15 +08:00
Mauren Berti d298094fbd Add myself as reviewer to the pt-br locale. 2022-07-19 09:06:45 -04:00
Michael 7d3192ba3e [zh-cn] updated limit-storage-consumption.md 2022-07-19 20:03:18 +08:00
Hu Shuai d53c9345f9 [zh-cn] resync: docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicaset.md
Signed-off-by: Hu Shuai <hus.fnst@fujitsu.com>
2022-07-19 18:39:19 +08:00
Zach Zhu ccf5bce952 [zh-cn] Fix some links and translation in scheduling-eviction (#35045)
* [zh-cn] fix some links in scheduling-eviction

* [zh-cn] fix translation in  pod-priority-preemption

* [zh-cn] add missing pod-disruption glossary definition in scheduling-eviction index

* [zh-cn] add missing original English text in comments of scheduling-eviction index
2022-07-19 02:36:07 -07:00
Hu Shuai 7b9dd1db16 [zh-cn] resync docs/concepts/architecture/control-plane-node-communication.md
Signed-off-by: Hu Shuai <hus.fnst@fujitsu.com>
2022-07-19 17:29:52 +08:00
my-git9 98ca349bbf [zh-cn] improve container-lifecycle-hooks.md 2022-07-19 16:33:55 +08:00
zhangxiaoyang a1e5361d2a [zh-cn] Add horizontal-pod-autoscaler-v2.md chinese version 2022-07-19 15:06:11 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 85a1bd74cb Merge pull request #35124 from javadoors/patch-16
[zh-cn]Fix wrong translation "namespace" "命令空间"
2022-07-18 23:32:06 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot bbb0c5847d Merge pull request #35138 from windsonsea/addonyhf
[zh-cn] resync /concepts/cluster-administration/addons.md
2022-07-18 23:22:06 -07:00
Michael 861f5c3d8b [zh-cn] updated /concepts/cluster-administration/addons.md 2022-07-19 12:44:05 +08:00
paul.zhang c50b47325e [zh-cn] "namespace" unified translation "命名空间"
namespace unified translation "命名空间"
2022-07-19 10:04:39 +08:00
ydFu f8d84cedce Updated the 'Installing Kubernetes with Kubespray'
1. Add the OS supported by the current version of Kubespray.
   [ref 1: kubespray](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kubespray/blob/master/README.md#deploy-a-production-ready-kubernetes-cluster)

2. Supplement the features provided by the Kubespray overview.
   [ref 2: kubespray](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kubespray/blob/master/README.md#deploy-a-production-ready-kubernetes-cluster)

3. Update Supported Linux Distributions.
   [ref 3: Supported Linux Distributions](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kubespray#supported-linux-distributions)

4. Improve the description in '(1/5) Meet the underlay requirements'
   [ref 4: Requirements](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kubespray/blob/master/README.md#requirements)

5. Add whatsnext.

Signed-off-by: ydFu <ader.ydfu@gmail.com>
2022-07-19 09:44:44 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 3ff48fe8d7 Merge pull request #35003 from jeremyrickard/jeremyrickard/update-release-managers
releng: Update release managers page for new RMA
2022-07-18 14:28:07 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 3e3f257979 Merge pull request #35134 from fjvela/update-es
[es] change 'ambiente' by 'entorno'
2022-07-18 12:58:07 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot f5009158af Merge pull request #35018 from Arhell/es-upd-link
[es] update link to metrics-server design doc
2022-07-18 12:56:06 -07:00
Javier Vela dd3d101ed8 [es] change 'ambiente' by 'entorno' 2022-07-18 18:09:53 +02:00
Jeremy Rickard aa4d6c1777 Fix alpha ordering of RMA
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Rickard <jeremyrrickard@gmail.com>
2022-07-18 09:23:24 -06:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot effa588ecc Merge pull request #35133 from windsonsea/containerd
[zh-cn] resync /troubleshooting-cni-plugin-related-errors.md
2022-07-18 07:49:15 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot cb7c5fd47d Merge pull request #35081 from windsonsea/pvyhf
[zh-cn] resync /concepts/storage/persistent-volumes.md
2022-07-18 07:33:15 -07:00
Michael eda01ffa89 [zh-cn] resync /troubleshooting-cni-plugin-related-errors.md 2022-07-18 22:32:31 +08:00
Sascha Grunert fb3a6fdba9 Update Release Managers description
To be precise, Release Managers to not tag releases or build packages
for Kubernetes. They mainly oversee the process and use the tools we
provide in SIG Release.

Signed-off-by: Sascha Grunert <sgrunert@redhat.com>
2022-07-18 15:44:47 +02:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot a8ce6385d0 Merge pull request #35074 from fenggw-fnst/update-open-a-pr
[zh-cn] Update open-a-pr.md
2022-07-18 02:49:15 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 4e6f2feee7 Merge pull request #34964 from dapengJacky/zh-cn/typo-fix
[zh-cn] Part4:updated the term "群集" to "集群"
2022-07-18 02:19:15 -07:00
jacky b7bfe0288f [zh-cn] Part4:sync en version content and fix typo
Signed-off-by: jacky <peng.chen@daocloud.io>

[zh-cn Part4]:synced with upstream (English) version

Signed-off-by: jacky <peng.chen@daocloud.io>

[zh-cn] Part4: synced with upstream (English) version

Signed-off-by: jacky <peng.chen@daocloud.io>

translate title and quote

Signed-off-by: jacky <peng.chen@daocloud.io>

fix format

Signed-off-by: jacky <peng.chen@daocloud.io>

[zh-cn] Part4:fix format

Signed-off-by: jacky <peng.chen@daocloud.io>
2022-07-18 17:13:01 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot b8e27e7382 Merge pull request #35120 from fenggw-fnst/fix-open-a-pr
Fix indentation and clean up in open-a-pr.md
2022-07-18 01:55:15 -07:00
Guangwen Feng 3cf57d14e0 [zh-cn] Update open-a-pr.md
Signed-off-by: Guangwen Feng <fenggw-fnst@fujitsu.com>
2022-07-18 14:35:48 +08:00
Guangwen Feng 525a952b95 Fix indentation and clean up in open-a-pr.md
Signed-off-by: Guangwen Feng <fenggw-fnst@fujitsu.com>
2022-07-18 14:23:48 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot ff2fbee6f7 Merge pull request #35094 from Arhell/id-addon
[id] update links in addons.md
2022-07-17 20:49:20 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 8f01f92b4c Merge pull request #34943 from arrase/fix-podoverhead-design-link
[es] Fix links to PodOverhead Feature Design
2022-07-17 15:39:22 -07:00
Martin Zacho 2629b04733 [de] concepts/containers/images: Improve description of IsNotPresent 2022-07-17 22:49:50 +02:00
Balaram Vedulla e8cb7ec9ba Update assign-pod-node.md 2022-07-17 19:02:52 +02:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 03b9de54be Merge pull request #34981 from Sea-n/blog-apac-zh
[zh] Resync APAC blog posts
2022-07-17 07:13:19 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 18b90366c9 Merge pull request #35014 from lshgdut/egress-zh-cn
[zh-cn] sync content/en/examples/admin/konnectivity/egress-selector-configuration.yaml
2022-07-17 07:09:19 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 06d7a5f4e0 Merge pull request #34999 from kinzhi/kinzhi161
[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/concepts/workloads/_index.md
2022-07-17 07:07:19 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 3d6389c531 Merge pull request #34998 from kinzhi/kinzhi160
[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/object-management.md
2022-07-17 07:05:19 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 66b5f150e3 Merge pull request #35096 from windsonsea/designde
[de] resync links with the en version
2022-07-17 06:51:19 -07:00
Jacky 42298e6550 [zh-cn]:fix format (#35080)
* [zh-cn]:fix format

Signed-off-by: jacky <peng.chen@daocloud.io>

* restore inventory claim

Signed-off-by: jacky <peng.chen@daocloud.io>
2022-07-17 06:49:19 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 9e2b0f4ff5 Merge pull request #35023 from sarazqy/patch-1
update Kubernetes Documentation/Getting started/Production environment
2022-07-17 06:47:19 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot cf7cad2179 Merge pull request #35067 from windsonsea/localsub
[zh-cn] updated /kubernetes-api/authorization-resources/
2022-07-17 05:57:19 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot d9ebbf42a5 Merge pull request #34979 from yaolixin-creater/node-v1
[zh-cn]Translate Node-v1
2022-07-17 05:55:19 -07:00
syxunion 0d9d663089 translate event-v1.md to chinese (#34482)
Modify according to review

Modify according to review

modify

Modify the format

complete

Adjust the blank line

Adjust the format
2022-07-17 05:51:20 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 1a816008c8 Merge pull request #35091 from windsonsea/kubeconfig
[zh-cn] fixed /config-api/kubelet-config.v1beta1.md
2022-07-17 05:43:19 -07:00
Michael 758650ae2f [es] Fix links for k/design-proposals-archive 2022-07-17 20:13:34 +08:00
Michael e2e5f30c35 [de] resync links with the en version 2022-07-17 19:59:08 +08:00
Michael 747a4026a6 Merge branch 'main' into kubeconfig 2022-07-17 19:43:44 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 36d2e110a4 Merge pull request #35068 from Arhell/de-addon
[de] update links in addons.md
2022-07-17 03:13:19 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 21eacaf3e1 Merge pull request #34926 from zhangxyjlu/custom-resource-definition-v1
[zh-cn] Add custom-resource-definition-v1.md chinese version
2022-07-17 02:47:19 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 9d2edece91 Merge pull request #35061 from yanrongshi/zh-cn]A-few-small-changes-in-volumes
[zh-cn]A-few-small-changes-in-volumes
2022-07-17 02:41:19 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 1f7766dec6 Merge pull request #35069 from windsonsea/ingressyhf
[zh-cn] updated /kubernetes-api/service-resources/ingress-class-v1.md
2022-07-17 02:33:19 -07:00
windsonsea acdced1afd updated /kubernetes-api/authorization-resources/ 2022-07-17 17:31:34 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 449cfd2856 Merge pull request #35066 from windsonsea/contrlyhf
[zh-cn] updated /workload-resources/controller-revision-v1.md
2022-07-17 02:27:19 -07:00
windsonsea 99b173cc6b [zh-cn] updated /kubernetes-api/service-resources/ingress-class-v1.md 2022-07-17 17:20:49 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot dda9ec0c49 Merge pull request #35072 from windsonsea/blogsyhf
[zh-cn] updated /blog/_posts/2022-05-03-kubernetes-release-1.24.md
2022-07-17 02:15:19 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 26d91b6756 Merge pull request #35006 from windsonsea/images
[zh-cn] resync /concepts/scheduling-eviction/node-pressure-eviction.md
2022-07-17 02:13:21 -07:00
windsonsea b7bc876c87 [zh-cn] updated /concepts/scheduling-eviction/node-pressure-eviction.md 2022-07-17 16:50:22 +08:00
windsonsea 1d4a3ec97a [zh-cn] updated two blogs 2022-07-17 16:44:31 +08:00
windsonsea 1e550e9604 [en] updated /node-pressure-eviction.md 2022-07-17 16:33:29 +08:00
bhangra 4e15e8f2ae Update kubelet-config-file.md
the commas caused kubelet service to fail to start. should be omitted.
2022-07-17 16:53:21 +09:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot af1c14e63c Merge pull request #35070 from yanrongshi/zh-cn]-update-patch-releases.md
[zh-cn]Update patch-releases.md
2022-07-17 00:21:19 -07:00
Arhell 0f9e8f521a [id] update links in addons.md 2022-07-17 10:15:25 +03:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot aabf71421a Merge pull request #35077 from windsonsea/quotayhf
[zh-cn] resync /concepts/policy/resource-quotas.md
2022-07-16 23:45:23 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 7a85039667 Merge pull request #35075 from windsonsea/nodelink
[zh-cn] fix some 404 issues
2022-07-16 23:41:19 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot e644ead07a Merge pull request #35073 from fenggw-fnst/fix-open-a-pr
Fix incorrect format in open-a-pr.md
2022-07-16 23:39:19 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot d7c5a3eac2 Merge pull request #35000 from kinzhi/kinzhi162
[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/authorization.md
2022-07-16 23:37:19 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 5e24bf9fbf Merge pull request #35076 from windsonsea/limitrange
[zh-cn] resync /concepts/policy/limit-range.md
2022-07-16 23:35:19 -07:00
windsonsea 0fbcd47759 fixed /config-api/kubelet-config.v1beta1.md 2022-07-17 11:29:56 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot ca03daaa8c Merge pull request #35078 from windsonsea/assignyhf
[zh-cn] resync /concepts/scheduling-eviction/assign-pod-node.md
2022-07-16 19:24:08 -07:00
windsonsea 525a36e683 [zh-cn] resync /concepts/policy/limit-range.md 2022-07-17 10:02:48 +08:00
windsonsea 6ff1cde711 [zh-cn] resync /concepts/policy/resource-quotas.md 2022-07-17 10:00:03 +08:00
windsonsea 2bfdcc2a65 [zh-cn] resync /concepts/scheduling-eviction/assign-pod-node.md 2022-07-17 09:49:26 +08:00
windsonsea b47b98a71d [zh-cn] resync /concepts/storage/persistent-volumes.md 2022-07-17 09:11:35 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 3f9a821735 Merge pull request #35057 from yanrongshi/fix-some-overdue-in-debug-cluster/windows.md
[zh-cn]fix-some-overdue-in-debug-cluster/windows.md
2022-07-16 18:00:53 -07:00
Kinzhi 09cd90197d [zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/authorization.md
[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/authorization.md

[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/authorization.md
2022-07-17 03:27:24 +08:00
Juan Ezquerro LLanes 49cd4a2c34 Update content/es/docs/concepts/configuration/pod-overhead.md
Co-authored-by: Victor Morales <chipahuac@hotmail.com>
2022-07-16 20:14:09 +02:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 07c7b6a7d2 Merge pull request #35082 from windsonsea/nameyhf
[zh-cn] updated /tasks/administer-cluster/namespaces.md
2022-07-16 08:04:54 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot b6faf1c863 Merge pull request #35049 from windsonsea/nodesyhf
[en] fix typos in /projected-volumes.md
2022-07-16 08:00:53 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot e2cda2eec3 Merge pull request #34716 from dmarinere/patch-1
added access to the statements explaining cluster role
2022-07-16 07:56:53 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot c4d77e3ab0 Merge pull request #34785 from lambdanis/fix-node-affinity-docs
Fix regressions in node affinity docs
2022-07-16 07:46:54 -07:00
John Daniel Maguire 13a3118ca5 Cinder conditionally supports ReadWriteMany volumes (#34219)
* Cinder conditionally supports ReadWriteMany volumes

* Link directly to official docs.

Signed-off-by: John Daniel Maguire <john.maguire@streamnative.io>
2022-07-16 07:26:53 -07:00
Akanksha kumari 31cde47bf0 Omit apt-transport-https from install
Remove dummy package `apt-transport-https` from linux kubectl install instructions
2022-07-16 19:24:06 +05:30
windsonsea a5fe8450e8 [zh-cn] resync /tasks/administer-cluster/namespaces.md 2022-07-16 21:51:31 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 3238ca8b41 Merge pull request #34383 from tengqm/fix-links-5
Batch fix links (5)
2022-07-16 06:50:53 -07:00
yanrong.shi c1138ddee2 Update volumes.md 2022-07-16 21:22:08 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 9ff0fa03c7 Merge pull request #35060 from kadtendulkar/kad17
Fix broken link on Windows containers in Kubernetes page.
2022-07-16 06:14:53 -07:00
windsonsea 0d252a9e14 [zh-cn] fix some 404 issues 2022-07-16 17:17:55 +08:00
Guangwen Feng 438d534b9d Fix incorrect format in open-a-pr.md
Signed-off-by: Guangwen Feng <fenggw-fnst@fujitsu.com>
2022-07-16 15:56:36 +08:00
yanrong.shi 0a30374ee1 Update patch-releases.md 2022-07-16 15:22:38 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 9b529eb95f Merge pull request #34717 from sarazqy/main
translate Kubernetes 1.24: Stargazer into Chinese
2022-07-15 23:32:53 -07:00
yanrong.shi 0c6537c152 Update windows.md 2022-07-16 14:03:08 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot d747c1485e Merge pull request #35055 from ydFu/Update-page-in-indexed-parallel-processing-static
[zh] updated /tasks/job/indexed-parallel-processing-static.md
2022-07-15 22:44:53 -07:00
windsonsea c599dc6637 updated /workload-resources/controller-revision-v1.md 2022-07-16 13:41:28 +08:00
Arhell b937618498 [de] update links in addons.md 2022-07-16 08:39:08 +03:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 09e504177f Merge pull request #35056 from yanrongshi/fix-some-overdue-links
[zh-cn]fix-some-overdue-links in API Overview
2022-07-15 19:52:53 -07:00
kadtendulkar f1d127f738 Update content/en/docs/concepts/windows/intro.md 2022-07-15 22:35:03 +05:30
yanrong.shi b63ba5cec3 Update _index.md 2022-07-16 00:06:13 +08:00
ydFu d0a620c894 [zh] updated /tasks/job/indexed-parallel-processing-static.md
* Updated and improved documentation content.

Signed-off-by: ydFu <ader.ydfu@gmail.com>
2022-07-15 23:57:35 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot a02de94ede Merge pull request #35035 from windsonsea/static
[zh-cn] updated /tasks/job/indexed-parallel-processing-static.md
2022-07-15 06:40:53 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 4215e7231c Merge pull request #34849 from donghui12/feature/zh_cn_service_v1
[zh] Localize API documentation for Service
2022-07-15 06:30:53 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 7a84141245 Merge pull request #35038 from windsonsea/manageryhf
[zh-cn] updated /command-line-tools-reference/kube-controller-manager.md
2022-07-15 06:28:54 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot a08df9798e Merge pull request #35033 from popeng007/patch-5
[zh-cn]Fixed a word in deploy-intro.html
2022-07-15 06:13:26 -07:00
Tian e435af3bc1 Update README-zh.md (#34974)
* Update README-zh.md

Added run 'make container-image' command timeout solution

* Update README-zh.md

Co-authored-by: Sean <me@sean.taipei>

* Update README-zh.md

Co-authored-by: Sean <me@sean.taipei>

* Update README-zh.md

Co-authored-by: Sean <me@sean.taipei>

* Remove unofficial addresses

Co-authored-by: Sean <me@sean.taipei>
2022-07-15 05:53:26 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 9a2a9ad511 Merge pull request #35013 from fenggw-fnst/fix-kubelet
Drop redundant </td> in reference/command-line-tools-reference/kubelet.md
2022-07-15 05:45:26 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 8b9ff65318 Merge pull request #35048 from fenggw-fnst/fix-open-a-pr
Fix a number error in open-a-pr.md
2022-07-15 05:01:26 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot ae477c1a4f Merge pull request #35040 from palnabarun/patch-releases/july-update
Update patch release markers and dates
2022-07-15 04:26:25 -07:00
Nabarun Pal 51adb27e61 Update patch release markers and dates
Also, updates EOL for 1.24

Signed-off-by: Nabarun Pal <pal.nabarun95@gmail.com>
2022-07-15 15:23:36 +05:30
Michael 6a1caa355a [en] fix typos in /projected-volumes.md 2022-07-15 17:10:48 +08:00
Guangwen Feng 6635f978a6 Fix a number error in open-a-pr.md
Signed-off-by: Guangwen Feng <fenggw-fnst@fujitsu.com>
2022-07-15 16:54:54 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 21f393fdde Merge pull request #34962 from windsonsea/partnervi
[vi] resync /partners/_index.html
2022-07-14 20:32:26 -07:00
windsonsea 9a5c6acb0a updated /command-line-tools-reference/kube-controller-manager.md 2022-07-15 11:17:10 +08:00
windsonsea d4b8f5985e [zh-cn] updated /tasks/job/indexed-parallel-processing-static.md 2022-07-15 09:40:40 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot f1bb91dece Merge pull request #35008 from utkarsh-singh1/update-style-guide-doc
Updated the style-guide doc to remove Katacoda hyperlink
2022-07-14 18:20:25 -07:00
Xianpeng Zhang cdbf1015c7 Update deploy-intro.html 2022-07-15 08:42:15 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 867deb1f9e Merge pull request #34938 from mzaian/update-kubespray-docs
Update kubespray docs.
2022-07-14 17:40:25 -07:00
Tim Bannister ed58f048b9 Fix typo 2022-07-14 23:59:07 +01:00
Tim Bannister bfff661ac0 Clarify known limitation of Pod topology spread constraints
The limitation is more around cluster autoscaling; nonetheless it seems
to belong under Known limitations.
2022-07-14 23:59:07 +01:00
Tim Bannister 72a070e619 Improve Pod Topology Spread Constraints concept
- Adjust heading levels
- Link to API reference for Pod
- Clarify examples
- Add introductory text
- Split two combined examples
- Explain that Pods in a group should set the same topology spread
  constraints
- Write headings in sentence case
- Avoid using “we”
2022-07-14 23:59:07 +01:00
Tim Bannister 829dee0940 Wrap text for Pod Topology Spread Constraints
Wrapping helps localization teams pick up and work with changes.
2022-07-14 23:59:07 +01:00
Tim Bannister 311cdc386a Reword topic Assigning Pods to Nodes
- Rewording
- Tidying

Co-authored-by: Abdullah Gharaibeh <40361897+ahg-g@users.noreply.github.com>
2022-07-14 23:59:07 +01:00
Tim Bannister 3225a082df Mention topology spread constraints appropriately
The concept Assigning Pods to Nodes should mention Pod topology spread
constraints. This commit ensures that it does.
2022-07-14 23:59:07 +01:00
Tim Bannister 6700656cb4 Move Pod Topology Spread Constraints into scheduling
These constraints apply specifically to the mechanism for placing Pods
onto nodes (that is, scheduling).
2022-07-14 23:59:05 +01:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 0b6c17554e Merge pull request #34874 from tengqm/fix-32170
Improve node pressure eviction page
2022-07-14 07:44:57 -07:00
sarazqy fffc1e3e65 update Kubernetes Documentation/Getting started/Production environment
update Kubernetes Documentation/Getting started/Production environment
2022-07-14 22:39:39 +08:00
donghui.jiang 7c926ddb38 [zh-cn] update service-v1.md Chinese version 2022-07-14 21:11:45 +08:00
Michael 27ef353ee4 [zh-cn] resync /docs/reference/kubectl/cheatsheet.md 2022-07-14 20:52:27 +08:00
Michael 4b945872ab [es] resync /partners/_index.html 2022-07-14 19:51:47 +08:00
Michael 2586b534c3 [vi] resync /partners/_index.html 2022-07-14 19:49:16 +08:00
Mohamed Zaian e37f4c3643 Update kubespray docs.
Update kubespray.md docs for different languages based on the official documentation on kubespray.io
2022-07-14 11:33:04 +02:00
Arhell 30de0746fa [es] update link to metrics-server design doc 2022-07-14 11:52:03 +03:00
wenhua 19c14c110a [ko] sync content/en/examples/admin/konnectivity/egress-selector-configuration.yaml 2022-07-14 16:34:46 +08:00
sarazqy 66c9756299 translate Kubernetes 1.24: Stargazer into Chinese 2022-07-14 16:32:30 +08:00
wenhua 934cfdeebb [zh-cn] sync content/en/examples/admin/konnectivity/egress-selector-configuration.yaml 2022-07-14 16:32:24 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 098a22a6d7 Merge pull request #35007 from fenggw-fnst/typo
[ja] Fix typo in secret.md
2022-07-13 23:18:57 -07:00
Guangwen Feng 7ddc76494a Drop redundant </td> in reference/command-line-tools-reference/kubelet.md
Signed-off-by: Guangwen Feng <fenggw-fnst@fujitsu.com>
2022-07-14 14:02:54 +08:00
Guangwen Feng aaf2f916b8 [ko] Fix typo in apiserver-aggregation.md
Signed-off-by: Guangwen Feng <fenggw-fnst@fujitsu.com>
2022-07-14 13:06:48 +08:00
zhangxiaoyang 4f10aa1bc6 [zh-cn] Add custom-resource-definition-v1.md chinese version 2022-07-14 10:35:48 +08:00
Guangwen Feng 37cbff9785 [ja] Fix typo in secret.md
Signed-off-by: Guangwen Feng <fenggw-fnst@fujitsu.com>
2022-07-14 10:34:31 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot e396a65051 Merge pull request #34941 from tmos22/patch-1
Fix quantity case for ephemeral storage
2022-07-13 18:18:56 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 643f797ca0 Merge pull request #34983 from Monokaix/fix-extension-apiserver-translation
[zh-cn]Fix wrong translation of authentication for extension apiserver
2022-07-13 18:12:56 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 29a4d24abb Merge pull request #34976 from ayatk/migrate-latest-version-doc
Migrate to latest versioning document
2022-07-13 17:52:57 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 72ad5f34b5 Merge pull request #35005 from robscott/gateway-typo
Fixing a typo in Gateway API blog post
2022-07-13 17:44:56 -07:00
Rob Scott b34d0ec0d9 Fixing a typo in Gateway API blog post 2022-07-13 21:13:17 +00:00
Jeremy Rickard 5ebea6226f Update release managers page for new RMA
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Rickard <jeremyrrickard@gmail.com>
2022-07-13 14:07:38 -06:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 41a79970a4 Merge pull request #34968 from robscott/gateway-api-v0.5.0-blog
Add blog post for Gateway API v0.5.0 beta release
2022-07-13 10:43:38 -07:00
Shane Utt 7d5d8a714f Add blog post for Gateway API v0.5.0 beta
Co-authored-by: Rob Scott <robertjscott@google.com>
2022-07-13 16:27:37 +00:00
Kinzhi 8a91a702e9 [zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/concepts/workloads/_index.md 2022-07-14 00:26:41 +08:00
utkarsh-singh1 70ace47f66 Updated the style-guide doc
Signed-off-by: utkarsh-singh1 <utkarsh.singh1@india.nec.com>
2022-07-13 21:55:32 +05:30
Kinzhi d5732f332e [zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/object-management.md 2022-07-14 00:21:57 +08:00
ayatk ad92908054 [ja] Fix links in release versioning 2022-07-13 15:17:05 +00:00
ayatk 5cbf53b0c8 Migrate to latest versioning document
release/versioning.md that was in the k/design-proposals-archive repository
in the past has been migrated to k/sig-release repository.
2022-07-13 15:07:46 +00:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 23829a7b63 Merge pull request #34994 from yanrongshi/zh-cn]-update-cheatsheet.md
[zh-cn]Update cheatsheet.md
2022-07-13 07:43:37 -07:00
yanrong.shi 33b74a61a7 Update cheatsheet.md 2022-07-13 22:26:53 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 827a7ba916 Merge pull request #34990 from yanrongshi/zh-cn]update/Fix-KubeletCredentialProvider-feature-state
[zh-cn] Fix KubeletCredentialProvider feature state
2022-07-13 07:23:38 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 529c31e52a Merge pull request #34993 from yanrongshi/zh-cn]fix-link-about-verify-signed-images.md
[zh-cn]Fix some expired link
2022-07-13 07:11:38 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 720181c50d Merge pull request #34992 from windsonsea/cassa
[zh-cn] updated /stateful-application/cassandra.md
2022-07-13 07:05:37 -07:00
yanrong.shi 1d47b55f1f Update verify-signed-images.md 2022-07-13 21:54:30 +08:00
windsonsea c3fc079e96 [zh-cn] updated /stateful-application/cassandra.md 2022-07-13 21:47:05 +08:00
yanrong.shi 95772a9c31 Update kubelet-credential-provider.md 2022-07-13 21:25:01 +08:00
yy 2503190a09 [zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/cluster-resources/node-v1.md
[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/cluster-resources/node-v1.md

[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/cluster-resources/node-v1.md

[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/cluster-resources/node-v1.md

[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/cluster-resources/node-v1.md

[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/cluster-resources/node-v1.md

[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/cluster-resources/node-v1.md

[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/cluster-resources/node-v1.md
2022-07-13 21:10:19 +08:00
Juan Ezquerro LLanes f1107ecae2 Fix links to PodOverhead Feature Design (language/es) 2022-07-13 15:05:02 +02:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 1b0caaece6 Merge pull request #34936 from bishal7679/patch-5
[ko] branch name in 'Korean L10n guide' page is updated
2022-07-13 06:01:37 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot dba3d59c9f Merge pull request #34839 from lshgdut/main
Fix wrong guide for egress selection.
2022-07-13 05:29:37 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot af709606b9 Merge pull request #34954 from Shubham82/update_feature_state_KubeletCredentialProvider
Fix KubeletCredentialProvider feature state
2022-07-13 04:27:37 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 276a6d70ad Merge pull request #34980 from utkarsh-singh1/update-verify-signed-images
Updated the expired link for Configuration option
2022-07-13 04:17:37 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 45ab51fb49 Merge pull request #34904 from windsonsea/partner
[zh-cn] resync /partners/_index.html
2022-07-13 04:05:37 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot a335233112 Merge pull request #34870 from yaolixin-creater/validating-webhook-configuration-v1
[zh-cn] Translate ValidatingWebhookConfiguration-v1
2022-07-13 03:39:37 -07:00
XuzhengChang 92d50115a0 [zh-cn]Fix wrong translation of authentication for extension apiserver 2022-07-13 18:29:57 +08:00
Sean Wei 34981abc78 [zh] Resync APAC blog posts 2022-07-13 18:09:59 +08:00
utkarsh-singh1 043c9f02dc Updated the expired link
Signed-off-by: utkarsh-singh1 <utkarsh.singh1@india.nec.com>
2022-07-13 14:05:18 +05:30
Kubernetes Prow Robot 227b345d27 Merge pull request #34975 from popeng007/patch-4
[zh-cn]Fixed a word in explore-intro.html
2022-07-13 01:11:37 -07:00
Xianpeng Zhang 42a8112c2e Update explore-intro.html 2022-07-13 14:47:30 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot bc8e54d5a8 Merge pull request #34266 from alanssitis/main
fix typo in job example
2022-07-12 23:23:36 -07:00
alanssitis 79e4dee5d9 fix typo in job example 2022-07-12 20:45:31 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 8a3f0b53ec Merge pull request #34965 from yanrongshi/zh-cn]update-pod-with-affinity-anti-affinity.yaml
[zh-cn]Update pod-with-affinity-anti-affinity.yaml
2022-07-12 19:41:38 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot bfebb88aeb Merge pull request #34937 from yaolixin-creater/pdb-v1
[zh-cn] Translate PDB-v1
2022-07-12 19:13:36 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot bde5fe9e2a Merge pull request #34878 from Sea-n/blog-apac
Fix format for APAC blog post
2022-07-12 09:52:23 -07:00
yanrong.shi bcd1b8b44e Update pod-with-affinity-anti-affinity.yaml 2022-07-13 00:19:59 +08:00
yy 1b81199f8b [zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/policy-resources/pod-disruption-budget-v1.md
[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/policy-resources/pod-disruption-budget-v1.md

[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/policy-resources/pod-disruption-budget-v1.md

[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/policy-resources/pod-disruption-budget-v1.md

[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/policy-resources/pod-disruption-budget-v1.md
2022-07-12 23:10:21 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot e26b0bab26 Merge pull request #34961 from yanrongshi/zh-cn]-fix-markdown-not-working-in-tabs
[zh-cn]fix-markdown-not-working-in-tabs
2022-07-12 08:00:50 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 78b828e7d7 Merge pull request #34957 from yanrongshi/zh-cn]Update-kubectl/_index.md
[zh-cn]Update kubectl/_index.md
2022-07-12 07:58:50 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot fbf9af38b9 Merge pull request #34959 from yanrongshi/zh-cn]Replaced-all-k/website-in-localization-guide-with-kubernetes/website
[zh]Update localization.md
2022-07-12 07:56:52 -07:00
yanrong.shi 98b39e9857 Update container-runtimes.md 2022-07-12 22:13:32 +08:00
yanrong.shi ffbc324bae Update localization.md 2022-07-12 22:04:29 +08:00
yanrong.shi 03accd354b Update _index.md 2022-07-12 21:54:05 +08:00
Shubham Kuchhal 2ccbab730b Improvement: Updated FEATURE STATE of KubeletCredentialProvider. 2022-07-12 17:47:45 +05:30
Kubernetes Prow Robot 4fb172bb7c Merge pull request #34847 from bishal7679/patch-4
Replaced all k/website in localization guide with kubernetes/website …
2022-07-12 03:00:50 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 6658870358 Merge pull request #34928 from Michelle951/endpoint-slice
[zh-cn] translate content/en/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/service-resources/endpoint-slice-v1.md
2022-07-12 02:52:52 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot fe1136848d Merge pull request #32491 from stemid/patch-1
Cheatsheet syntax to retrieve Secret values with dashes (-) in their key names
2022-07-12 02:36:50 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 4e1461d97a Merge pull request #34950 from s-kawamura-w664/update_tabshortcode
Fixed markdown not working in tabs.
2022-07-12 02:34:51 -07:00
s-kawamura-w664 97ebe0c330 Fixed markdown not working in tabs. 2022-07-12 06:45:29 +00:00
Michelle Wu 9c9578410d [zh-cn] translate content/en/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/service-resources/endpoint-slice-v1.md 2022-07-12 11:48:05 +08:00
Thomas Matrejek 8f63028589 Fix quantity case for ephemeral storage
All resource requests parse units the same way. Ephemeral storage previously had an upper case `K` as a valid unit but the kubernetes server can not parse this value.

Similar to memory, add a statement regarding that a lowercase `m` will be accepted by the kubernetes server, but is probably an incorrect request.
2022-07-11 17:37:36 -04:00
Bishal Das 1b10a753de [ko] Fixed translation error in apiserver-aggregation page (#34750)
* Update apiserver-aggregation.md

* Update content/ko/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/apiserver-aggregation.md

Co-authored-by: Jihoon Seo <46767780+jihoon-seo@users.noreply.github.com>

Co-authored-by: Jihoon Seo <46767780+jihoon-seo@users.noreply.github.com>
2022-07-11 12:41:15 -07:00
Daniel Wright f9ebc90ff7 [en] update en docs to use recommended labels 2022-07-11 08:45:48 -07:00
Bishal Das ebdae9642e Update localization_ko.md 2022-07-11 18:35:42 +05:30
Tian 580c643e50 Adopt “Avoid recommending a local container image build” changes for zh (#34929)
* Synchronize #34112

Synchronize #34112 change

* [zh] Update README-zh.md

Modify as suggested

Co-authored-by: Qiming Teng <tengqm@outlook.com>

Co-authored-by: Qiming Teng <tengqm@outlook.com>
2022-07-11 05:41:48 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot dced6c8529 Merge pull request #34742 from AkihiroSuda/minikube-rootless-podman
kubelet-in-userns.md: minikube now supports Rootless Podman
2022-07-11 05:35:47 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 0acbab74f2 Merge pull request #34895 from sftim/20220709_quote_paths_in_makefile
Quote paths in Makefile
2022-07-11 03:53:48 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 8326d4051e Merge pull request #34813 from kinzhi/kinzhi158
[zh-cn]Sync content/zh-cn/docs/concepts/configuration/manage-resources-containers.md
2022-07-11 03:37:48 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 334d4b2137 Merge pull request #34831 from kinzhi/kinzhi159
[zh-cn]Sync content/zh-cn/docs/contribute/new-content/new-features.md
2022-07-11 03:29:48 -07:00
Kinzhi 9d48d59096 [zh-cn]Sync content/zh-cn/docs/contribute/new-content/new-features.md
[zh-cn]Sync content/zh-cn/docs/contribute/new-content/new-features.md
2022-07-11 18:22:25 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot e39409e0ee Merge pull request #34098 from Nirusu/patch-1
Remove section about the localhost port
2022-07-11 01:23:49 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 3c175c8579 Merge pull request #34890 from windsonsea/stateful
[zh-cn] updated controllers/statefulset.md
2022-07-11 01:09:49 -07:00
Michael 3b74fd746e [zh-cn] updated controllers/statefulset.md 2022-07-11 16:04:51 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot a47e530c02 Merge pull request #34723 from qlijin/ingress-class-v1
Translate ingress-class-v1.md into chinese
2022-07-10 23:07:48 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot c8331de638 Merge pull request #34821 from javadoors/issues#34798
[zh-cn] Translate /docs/concepts/security/multi-tenancy/ to Chinese #…
2022-07-10 23:03:48 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot b527597982 Merge pull request #34846 from howieyuen/release-zh
[zh]fix image address of kubernetes release cycle
2022-07-10 23:01:48 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot edb7fffbc6 Merge pull request #34894 from Arhell/upd-soon-link
[zh-cn] updated soon-to-be-broken link
2022-07-10 22:59:48 -07:00
Qiming Teng 36736d44d9 Improve node pressure eviction page
There are deprecated kubelet flags related to garbage collection. These flags were listed in the `kubelet-garbage-collection.md` page, which was removed by b1573ad314. Linking to the `kubelet` reference is not a good solution because users may still get confused what are the specific flags related to this behavior.

This PR restores the table with the flags updated according to 1.24 version of `kubelet --help`.
2022-07-11 13:55:39 +08:00
Qiming Teng 7b4293b4fa Batch fix links (5) 2022-07-11 13:54:18 +08:00
yy a23e344244 [zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/extend-resources/validating-webhook-configuration-v1.md
[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/extend-resources/validating-webhook-configuration-v1.md

[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/extend-resources/validating-webhook-configuration-v1.md

[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/extend-resources/validating-webhook-configuration-v1.md

[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/extend-resources/validating-webhook-configuration-v1.md

[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/extend-resources/validating-webhook-configuration-v1.md

[zh-cn]Update content/zh-cn/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/extend-resources/validating-webhook-configuration-v1.md
2022-07-11 13:09:59 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot d7627ba697 Merge pull request #34918 from howieyuen/release-en
[en] fix images address of Kubernetes Release Cycle
2022-07-10 20:25:47 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot a9c9268c20 Merge pull request #33829 from eminalemdar/patch-2
Updated references in different pages with the correct titles
2022-07-10 19:19:47 -07:00
howieyuen 885c0033b6 en: fix images address of Kubernetes Release Cycle 2022-07-11 09:52:39 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 94c832e49f Merge pull request #34380 from tengqm/fix-links-3
Batch fix links (3)
2022-07-10 18:27:48 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 5c1e172526 Merge pull request #34898 from windsonsea/zookeep
[zh-cn] updated /tutorials/stateful-application/zookeeper.md
2022-07-10 18:17:48 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 116b6bc1a7 Merge pull request #34382 from tengqm/fix-links-4
Batch fix links (4)
2022-07-10 18:13:47 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 38ccc3383d Merge pull request #34740 from tengqm/improve-admission-controllers
Tweak extensible admission controllers page
2022-07-10 18:11:47 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot a56cc6e60d Merge pull request #34893 from windsonsea/andand
[zh-cn] updated three glossary files
2022-07-10 18:03:47 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot f046f1aae9 Merge pull request #34916 from cavcrosby/fix-taints-spelling
[en] typo: Fix "tains" in kubeadm-config.v1beta3 documentation
2022-07-10 17:47:47 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot d4ead1b36f Merge pull request #34917 from cavcrosby/fix-taints-spelling-zh-cn
[zh-cn] typo: Fix "tains" in kubeadm-config.v1beta2 & v1beta3 documentation
2022-07-10 17:37:47 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot b9047bdaf5 Merge pull request #34799 from tengqm/update-kubelet-ref
Update kubelet reference for 1.24
2022-07-10 17:35:47 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 40163be708 Merge pull request #34850 from kourtneyshort/patch-1
Update cheatsheet.md
2022-07-10 17:07:47 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot 064a3a7aaf Merge pull request #34872 from NitishKumar06/CosignBrokenLink
Update hyperlink for installing cosign
2022-07-10 17:05:47 -07:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot d2c4b15df7 Merge pull request #34900 from kadtendulkar/kad14
Fix broken link on Communication between Nodes and the Control Plane page
2022-07-10 16:49:47 -07:00
Conner Crosby 1613be6aef Fix spelling typo for taints 2022-07-10 17:58:16 -04:00
Conner Crosby 6138e0bc67 Fix spelling typo for taints 2022-07-10 17:22:25 -04:00
Michael 8a59f9e7e2 [zh-cn] updated /tutorials/stateful-application/zookeeper.md 2022-07-10 20:50:56 +08:00
Edith Puclla 6530f54e40 [es] Add content/es/docs/concepts/storage/volume-health-monitoring.md 2022-07-09 22:03:12 -05:00
Michael 7cb4e2f722 [zh-cn] resync /partners/_index.html 2022-07-10 10:05:32 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot d05f0ff705 Merge pull request #34873 from SamLR/patch-1
Clarify that list, get and watch can return data
2022-07-09 10:47:46 -07:00
kadtendulkar 0fb0c50071 Update content/en/docs/concepts/architecture/control-plane-node-communication.md 2022-07-09 22:10:15 +05:30
Nils Hanke 959cb92224 Integrate flags into "Transport security" section 2022-07-09 04:55:43 -07:00
Tim Bannister cff1741971 Quote paths in Makefile
If there's a filename containing a space, this quoting helps the command
come out right.
2022-07-09 11:44:37 +01:00
Arhell 2b9ddb6aa8 [zh-cn] updated soon-to-be-broken link 2022-07-09 12:22:58 +03:00
Michael a56c6b30eb [zh-cn] updated three glossary files 2022-07-09 14:33:46 +08:00
Qiming Teng d705d9ed1c Batch fix links (3) 2022-07-09 09:14:06 +08:00
Sean Wei 34878abc56 Fix format for APAC blog post 2022-07-08 21:11:36 +08:00
Sam Cook 2f0d4a5d88 Clarify that list, get and watch can return data
The `get`, `list` and `watch` verbs can all be used to retrieve the full details of a resource. It is not an uncommon assumption amongst users that they return different data (e.g. that `list` only returns the names of resources; when it can return the full object).

This adds a caution block to highlight this potential gotcha.
2022-07-08 11:13:23 +01:00
Nitish Kumar 7c047f3593 Verify signed Container images- Broken link Fix 2022-07-08 15:39:26 +05:30
Kourtney a0feb8580e Update content/en/docs/reference/kubectl/cheatsheet.md
Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>
2022-07-07 10:43:47 -04:00
javadoors 55ceaa7e6b [zh-cn] Translate /docs/concepts/security/multi-tenancy/ to Chinese #34798 2022-07-07 11:34:54 +08:00
Kourtney 484713a60b Update cheatsheet.md
Document kubectl set-cluster --proxy-url
2022-07-06 11:30:19 -04:00
monk 950b8747a3 Fix wrong guide for egress selection.
This PR fix the wrong guide according to the commit bellow:

[apiserver: support egress selection name 'controlplane' and deprecate 'master'](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/commit/a0aebf96ec2eef6517e2611335f0e6c9375dd807)
2022-07-06 20:54:46 +08:00
Bishal Das 9e70d30559 Replaced all k/website in localization guide with kubernetes/website only 2022-07-06 17:45:10 +05:30
howieyuen 0ea60658b5 [zh]fix image address of kubernetes release cycle 2022-07-06 19:01:33 +08:00
Qiming Teng 2f4a067fea Batch fix links (4) 2022-07-06 09:43:15 +08:00
Qiming Teng 01e0a9ebd1 Update kubelet reference for 1.24 2022-07-05 11:43:04 +08:00
Kinzhi c40a850655 [zh-cn]Sync content/zh-cn/docs/concepts/configuration/manage-resources-containers.md 2022-07-05 01:56:26 +08:00
Anna Kapuscinska f4a62ba2e6 Fix regressions in node affinity docs 2022-07-03 07:45:46 +01:00
Jin Li 7ec77ffae4 Translate ingress-class-v1.md into chinese 2022-07-01 03:34:33 +00:00
Akihiro Suda f62276e924 kubelet-in-userns.md: minikube now supports Rootless Podman
minikube 1.26 supports Rootless Podman driver:
https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/drivers/podman/

Signed-off-by: Akihiro Suda <akihiro.suda.cz@hco.ntt.co.jp>
2022-07-01 11:25:20 +09:00
Qiming Teng a6ec7d8017 Tweak extensible admission controllers page
This PR removes outdated information about `admissionregistration.v1beta1` API groups
which are no longer supported in 1.24. Additional notes are added to
avoid confusion when parsing the examples.
2022-07-01 00:33:57 +08:00
Osuolale Emmanuel c14bcdde98 added access to the statements
I added access to the statement explaining cluster role  permissions in this document to make it clearer.
2022-06-30 03:50:31 +01:00
mtardy 1d55061a5a Remove the part about defining a PSP in a file 2022-06-29 09:37:23 +02:00
mtardy 8a4e62fb76 Separate commands from their outputs 2022-06-29 09:36:11 +02:00
Mahé 23eea7e122 Add more context in the annotation page
Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>
2022-06-29 09:27:42 +02:00
Mahé 3b8a2a01fa Clarify the reference to the psp annotation in the concept page
Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>
2022-06-29 09:26:06 +02:00
mtardy 9ffd24b78d Use absolute URL in the tuto for the example PSP 2022-06-28 21:20:08 +02:00
mtardy 453f4e61f6 Reference the kubernetes.io/psp annotation on the PodSecurityPolicy concept page 2022-06-28 21:17:10 +02:00
mtardy 60ee2c2d14 Add the documentation on the kubernetes.io/psp annotation 2022-06-28 21:11:59 +02:00
Qiming Teng 7c1daf3c5e Improve reviewing PRs guide
This PR proposes an update to the PR review guidelines. The proposed change is about the use of the "Request changes" or the "Approve" option when finishing a PR review. Neither of these two options should be encouraged. We may want to encourage reviewers to always use "Comment", because:

- "Request changes" status is sticky and unnecessary. Placing a "/hold" should be okay because we do respect opinions from all reviewers/approvers.
  The "Request changes" status can only be discarded by people with privileges.
  We see quite a few cases where the reviewer left a "Request changes" mark and forgot to revisit a PR.
  Such a sticky status is not friendly to contributors or peer reviewers.

- The "Approve" option is confusing. It is not considered by the prow as an approval IIUC. The PR has to be approved again even if it has been "approved" this way.
2022-06-25 10:08:43 +08:00
Stefan Midjich dd9061e326 clarify that the value is base64 encoded
Co-authored-by: Rey Lejano <rlejano@gmail.com>
2022-06-17 19:41:52 +02:00
Mr. Erlison 3e31bd465b Update term and sentence 2022-06-15 11:04:08 -03:00
Stefan Midjich 95dd0b33ab Update content/en/docs/reference/kubectl/cheatsheet.md
Co-authored-by: Rey Lejano <rlejano@gmail.com>
2022-06-14 21:17:03 +02:00
Nils Hanke c5d8916092 Remove section about the removed localhost port 2022-06-01 16:27:15 +02:00
eminalemdar f559518520 Updated references in different pages with the correct titles of the documents 2022-05-19 17:00:59 +03:00
Mr. Erlison e0143344e7 Update sentence adjustment 2022-04-28 10:30:54 -03:00
Mr. Erlison d0174ae576 Update content/pt-br/docs/reference/glossary/rbac.md
Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>
2022-04-21 19:27:09 -03:00
Mr. Erlison b4214f3572 Add content/pt-br/docs/reference/glossary/rbac.md 2022-04-21 15:06:20 -03:00
Mr. Erlison d353f8ceb3 Add content/pt-br/docs/reference/glossary/sig.md 2022-04-21 14:39:00 -03:00
Stefan Midjich 5e9e7d0b21 Template syntax to retrieve values with dashes (-) in their key names
This template syntax was not obvious to me until someone pointed it out on stackexchange, it should be in the cheatsheet for future users. Because trying to retrieve a value with dashes in its key-name using the normal template syntax will result in an error.
2022-03-25 10:23:26 +01:00
272 changed files with 31334 additions and 5637 deletions
+2 -2
View File
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ CONTAINER_ENGINE ?= docker
IMAGE_REGISTRY ?= gcr.io/k8s-staging-sig-docs
IMAGE_VERSION=$(shell scripts/hash-files.sh Dockerfile Makefile | cut -c 1-12)
CONTAINER_IMAGE = $(IMAGE_REGISTRY)/k8s-website-hugo:v$(HUGO_VERSION)-$(IMAGE_VERSION)
CONTAINER_RUN = $(CONTAINER_ENGINE) run --rm --interactive --tty --volume $(CURDIR):/src
CONTAINER_RUN = "$(CONTAINER_ENGINE)" run --rm --interactive --tty --volume "$(CURDIR):/src"
CCRED=\033[0;31m
CCEND=\033[0m
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ docker-internal-linkcheck:
container-internal-linkcheck: link-checker-image-pull
$(CONTAINER_RUN) $(CONTAINER_IMAGE) hugo --config config.toml,linkcheck-config.toml --buildFuture --environment test
$(CONTAINER_ENGINE) run --mount type=bind,source=$(CURDIR),target=/test --rm wjdp/htmltest htmltest
$(CONTAINER_ENGINE) run --mount "type=bind,source=$(CURDIR),target=/test" --rm wjdp/htmltest htmltest
clean-api-reference: ## Clean all directories in API reference directory, preserve _index.md
rm -rf content/en/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/*/
+1
View File
@@ -200,6 +200,7 @@ aliases:
- devlware
- jhonmike
- rikatz
- stormqueen1990
- yagonobre
sig-docs-vi-owners: # Admins for Vietnamese content
- huynguyennovem
+46 -1
View File
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ To build the site in a container, run the following to build the container image
要在容器中构建网站,请通过以下命令来构建容器镜像并运行:
```bash
make container-image
# 你可以将 $CONTAINER_ENGINE 设置为任何 Docker 类容器工具的名称
make container-serve
```
@@ -257,6 +257,51 @@ This works for Catalina as well as Mojave macOS.
-->
这适用于 Catalina 和 Mojave macOS。
### 对执行 make container-image 命令部分地区访问超时的故障排除
现象如下:
```shell
langs/language.go:23:2: golang.org/x/text@v0.3.7: Get "https://proxy.golang.org/golang.org/x/text/@v/v0.3.7.zip": dial tcp 142.251.43.17:443: i/o timeout
langs/language.go:24:2: golang.org/x/text@v0.3.7: Get "https://proxy.golang.org/golang.org/x/text/@v/v0.3.7.zip": dial tcp 142.251.43.17:443: i/o timeout
common/text/transform.go:21:2: golang.org/x/text@v0.3.7: Get "https://proxy.golang.org/golang.org/x/text/@v/v0.3.7.zip": dial tcp 142.251.43.17:443: i/o timeout
common/text/transform.go:22:2: golang.org/x/text@v0.3.7: Get "https://proxy.golang.org/golang.org/x/text/@v/v0.3.7.zip": dial tcp 142.251.43.17:443: i/o timeout
common/text/transform.go:23:2: golang.org/x/text@v0.3.7: Get "https://proxy.golang.org/golang.org/x/text/@v/v0.3.7.zip": dial tcp 142.251.43.17:443: i/o timeout
hugolib/integrationtest_builder.go:29:2: golang.org/x/tools@v0.1.11: Get "https://proxy.golang.org/golang.org/x/tools/@v/v0.1.11.zip": dial tcp 142.251.42.241:443: i/o timeout
deploy/google.go:24:2: google.golang.org/api@v0.76.0: Get "https://proxy.golang.org/google.golang.org/api/@v/v0.76.0.zip": dial tcp 142.251.43.17:443: i/o timeout
parser/metadecoders/decoder.go:32:2: gopkg.in/yaml.v2@v2.4.0: Get "https://proxy.golang.org/gopkg.in/yaml.v2/@v/v2.4.0.zip": dial tcp 142.251.42.241:443: i/o timeout
The command '/bin/sh -c mkdir $HOME/src && cd $HOME/src && curl -L https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/archive/refs/tags/v${HUGO_VERSION}.tar.gz | tar -xz && cd "hugo-${HUGO_VERS ION}" && go install --tags extended' returned a non-zero code: 1
make: *** [Makefile:69container-image] error 1
```
请修改 `Dockerfile` 文件,为其添加网络代理。修改内容如下:
```dockerfile
...
FROM golang:1.18-alpine
LABEL maintainer="Luc Perkins <lperkins@linuxfoundation.org>"
ENV GO111MODULE=on # 需要添加内容1
ENV GOPROXY=https://proxy.golang.org,direct # 需要添加内容2
RUN apk add --no-cache \
curl \
gcc \
g++ \
musl-dev \
build-base \
libc6-compat
ARG HUGO_VERSION
...
```
将 "https://proxy.golang.org" 替换为本地可以使用的代理地址。
**注意:** 此部分仅适用于中国大陆
<!--
## Get involved with SIG Docs
@@ -21,15 +21,15 @@ Die Add-Ons in den einzelnen Kategorien sind alphabetisch sortiert - Die Reihenf
* [ACI](https://www.github.com/noironetworks/aci-containers) bietet Container-Networking und Network-Security mit Cisco ACI.
* [Calico](https://docs.projectcalico.org/latest/introduction/) ist ein Networking- und Network-Policy-Provider. Calico unterstützt eine Reihe von Networking-Optionen, damit Du die richtige für deinen Use-Case wählen kannst. Dies beinhaltet Non-Overlaying and Overlaying-Networks mit oder ohne BGP. Calico nutzt die gleiche Engine um Network-Policies für Hosts, Pods und (falls Du Istio & Envoy benutzt) Anwendungen auf Service-Mesh-Ebene durchzusetzen.
* [Canal](https://github.com/tigera/canal/tree/master/k8s-install) vereint Flannel und Calico um Networking- und Network-Policies bereitzustellen.
* [Canal](https://projectcalico.docs.tigera.io/getting-started/kubernetes/flannel/flannel) vereint Flannel und Calico um Networking- und Network-Policies bereitzustellen.
* [Cilium](https://github.com/cilium/cilium) ist ein L3 Network- and Network-Policy-Plugin welches das transparent HTTP/API/L7-Policies durchsetzen kann. Sowohl Routing- als auch Overlay/Encapsulation-Modes werden uterstützt. Außerdem kann Cilium auf andere CNI-Plugins aufsetzen.
* [CNI-Genie](https://github.com/Huawei-PaaS/CNI-Genie) ermöglicht das nahtlose Verbinden von Kubernetes mit einer Reihe an CNI-Plugins wie z.B. Calico, Canal, Flannel, Romana, oder Weave.
* [CNI-Genie](https://github.com/cni-genie/CNI-Genie) ermöglicht das nahtlose Verbinden von Kubernetes mit einer Reihe an CNI-Plugins wie z.B. Calico, Canal, Flannel, Romana, oder Weave.
* [Contiv](https://contivpp.io/) bietet konfigurierbares Networking (Native L3 auf BGP, Overlay mit vxlan, Klassisches L2, Cisco-SDN/ACI) für verschiedene Anwendungszwecke und auch umfangreiches Policy-Framework. Das Contiv-Projekt ist vollständig [Open Source](http://github.com/contiv). Der [installer](http://github.com/contiv/install) bietet sowohl kubeadm als auch nicht-kubeadm basierte Installationen.
* [Contrail](http://www.juniper.net/us/en/products-services/sdn/contrail/contrail-networking/), basierend auf [Tungsten Fabric](https://tungsten.io), ist eine Open Source, multi-Cloud Netzwerkvirtualisierungs- und Policy-Management Plattform. Contrail und Tungsten Fabric sind mit Orechstratoren wie z.B. Kubernetes, OpenShift, OpenStack und Mesos integriert und bieten Isolationsmodi für Virtuelle Maschinen, Container (bzw. Pods) und Bare Metal workloads.
* [Flannel](https://github.com/flannel-io/flannel#deploying-flannel-manually) ist ein Overlay-Network-Provider der mit Kubernetes genutzt werden kann.
* [Knitter](https://github.com/ZTE/Knitter/) ist eine Network-Lösung die Mehrfach-Network in Kubernetes ermöglicht.
* Multus ist ein Multi-Plugin für Mehrfachnetzwerk-Unterstützung um alle CNI-Plugins (z.B. Calico, Cilium, Contiv, Flannel), zusätzlich zu SRIOV-, DPDK-, OVS-DPDK- und VPP-Basierten Workloads in Kubernetes zu unterstützen.
* [NSX-T](https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-NSX-T/2.0/nsxt_20_ncp_kubernetes.pdf) Container Plug-in (NCP) bietet eine Integration zwischen VMware NSX-T und einem Orchestator wie z.B. Kubernetes. Außerdem bietet es eine Integration zwischen NSX-T und Containerbasierten CaaS/PaaS-Plattformen wie z.B. Pivotal Container Service (PKS) und OpenShift.
* [Multus](https://github.com/k8snetworkplumbingwg/multus-cni) ist ein Multi-Plugin für Mehrfachnetzwerk-Unterstützung um alle CNI-Plugins (z.B. Calico, Cilium, Contiv, Flannel), zusätzlich zu SRIOV-, DPDK-, OVS-DPDK- und VPP-Basierten Workloads in Kubernetes zu unterstützen.
* [NSX-T](https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-NSX-T-Data-Center/index.html) Container Plug-in (NCP) bietet eine Integration zwischen VMware NSX-T und einem Orchestator wie z.B. Kubernetes. Außerdem bietet es eine Integration zwischen NSX-T und Containerbasierten CaaS/PaaS-Plattformen wie z.B. Pivotal Container Service (PKS) und OpenShift.
* [Nuage](https://github.com/nuagenetworks/nuage-kubernetes/blob/v5.1.1-1/docs/kubernetes-1-installation.rst) ist eine SDN-Plattform die Policy-Basiertes Networking zwischen Kubernetes Pods und nicht-Kubernetes Umgebungen inklusive Sichtbarkeit und Security-Monitoring bereitstellt.
* [Romana](https://github.com/romana/romana) ist eine Layer 3 Network-Lösung für Pod-Netzwerke welche auch die [NetworkPolicy API](/docs/concepts/services-networking/network-policies/) unterstützt. Details zur Installation als kubeadm Add-On sind [hier](https://github.com/romana/romana/tree/master/containerize) verfügbar.
* [Weave Net](https://www.weave.works/docs/net/latest/kube-addon/) bietet Networking and Network-Policies und arbeitet auf beiden Seiten der Network-Partition ohne auf eine externe Datenbank angwiesen zu sein.
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Die `image` Eigenschaft eines Containers unterstüzt die gleiche Syntax wie die
## Aktualisieren von Images
Die Standardregel für das Herunterladen von Images ist `IfNotPresent`, dies führt dazu, dass das Kubelet Images überspringt, die bereits auf einem Node vorliegen.
Die Standardregel für das Herunterladen von Images ist `IfNotPresent`, dies führt dazu, dass das Image wird nur heruntergeladen wenn es noch nicht lokal verfügbar ist.
Wenn sie stattdessen möchten, dass ein Image immer forciert heruntergeladen wird, können sie folgendes tun:
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ die Entwicklern und Anwendern zur Verfügung stehen. Benutzer können ihre eigen
ihren [eigenen APIs](/docs/concepts/api-extension/custom-resources/) schreiben, die von einem
universellen [Kommandozeilen-Tool](/docs/user-guide/kubectl-overview/) angesprochen werden können.
Dieses [Design](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/design-proposals/architecture/architecture.md) hat es einer Reihe anderer Systeme ermöglicht, auf Kubernetes aufzubauen.
Dieses [Design](https://git.k8s.io/design-proposals-archive/architecture/architecture.md) hat es einer Reihe anderer Systeme ermöglicht, auf Kubernetes aufzubauen.
## Was Kubernetes nicht ist
+1 -1
View File
@@ -56,6 +56,6 @@ Offiziell unterstützte Clientbibliotheken:
## Design Dokumentation
Ein Archiv der Designdokumente für Kubernetes-Funktionalität. Gute Ansatzpunkte sind [Kubernetes Architektur](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/design-proposals/architecture/architecture.md) und [Kubernetes Design Übersicht](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/design-proposals).
Ein Archiv der Designdokumente für Kubernetes-Funktionalität. Gute Ansatzpunkte sind [Kubernetes Architektur](https://git.k8s.io/design-proposals-archive/architecture/architecture.md) und [Kubernetes Design Übersicht](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/design-proposals).
+1 -1
View File
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ export no_proxy=$no_proxy,$(minikube ip)
Minikube verwendet [libmachine](https://github.com/docker/machine/tree/master/libmachine) zur Bereitstellung von VMs, und [kubeadm](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubeadm) um einen Kubernetes-Cluster in Betrieb zu nehmen.
Weitere Informationen zu Minikube finden Sie im [Vorschlag](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/design-proposals/cluster-lifecycle/local-cluster-ux.md).
Weitere Informationen zu Minikube finden Sie im [Vorschlag](https://git.k8s.io/design-proposals-archive/cluster-lifecycle/local-cluster-ux.md).
## Zusätzliche Links
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ weight: 90
<!-- overview -->
Der Horizontal Pod Autoscaler skaliert automatisch die Anzahl der Pods eines Replication Controller, Deployment oder Replikat Set basierend auf der beobachteten CPU-Auslastung (oder, mit Unterstützung von [benutzerdefinierter Metriken](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/design-proposals/instrumentation/custom-metrics-api.md), von der Anwendung bereitgestellten Metriken). Beachte, dass die horizontale Pod Autoskalierung nicht für Objekte gilt, die nicht skaliert werden können, z. B. DaemonSets.
Der Horizontal Pod Autoscaler skaliert automatisch die Anzahl der Pods eines Replication Controller, Deployment oder Replikat Set basierend auf der beobachteten CPU-Auslastung (oder, mit Unterstützung von [benutzerdefinierter Metriken](https://git.k8s.io/design-proposals-archive/instrumentation/custom-metrics-api.md), von der Anwendung bereitgestellten Metriken). Beachte, dass die horizontale Pod Autoskalierung nicht für Objekte gilt, die nicht skaliert werden können, z. B. DaemonSets.
Der Horizontal Pod Autoscaler ist als Kubernetes API-Ressource und einem Controller implementiert.
Die Ressource bestimmt das Verhalten des Controllers.
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ Das Verwenden von Metriken aus Heapster ist seit der Kubernetes Version 1.11 ver
Siehe [Unterstützung der Metrik APIs](#unterstützung-der-metrik-apis) für weitere Details.
Der Autoscaler greift über die Scale Sub-Ressource auf die entsprechenden skalierbaren Controller (z.B. Replication Controller, Deployments und Replika Sets) zu. Scale ist eine Schnittstelle, mit der Sie die Anzahl der Replikate dynamisch einstellen und jeden ihrer aktuellen Zustände untersuchen können. Weitere Details zu der Scale Sub-Ressource findest du [hier](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/design-proposals/autoscaling/horizontal-pod-autoscaler.md#scale-subresource).
Der Autoscaler greift über die Scale Sub-Ressource auf die entsprechenden skalierbaren Controller (z.B. Replication Controller, Deployments und Replika Sets) zu. Scale ist eine Schnittstelle, mit der Sie die Anzahl der Replikate dynamisch einstellen und jeden ihrer aktuellen Zustände untersuchen können. Weitere Details zu der Scale Sub-Ressource findest du [hier](https://git.k8s.io/design-proposals-archive/autoscaling/horizontal-pod-autoscaler.md#scale-subresource).
### Details zum Algorithmus
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ Die aktuelle stabile Version, die nur die Unterstützung für die automatische S
Die Beta-Version, welche die Skalierung des Speichers und benutzerdefinierte Metriken unterstützt, befindet sich unter `autoscaling/v2beta2`. Die in `autoscaling/v2beta2` neu eingeführten Felder bleiben bei der Arbeit mit `autoscaling/v1` als Anmerkungen erhalten.
Weitere Details über das API Objekt kann unter dem [HorizontalPodAutoscaler Objekt](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/design-proposals/autoscaling/horizontal-pod-autoscaler.md#horizontalpodautoscaler-object) gefunden werden.
Weitere Details über das API Objekt kann unter dem [HorizontalPodAutoscaler Objekt](https://git.k8s.io/design-proposals-archive/autoscaling/horizontal-pod-autoscaler.md#horizontalpodautoscaler-object) gefunden werden.
## Unterstützung des Horizontal Pod Autoscaler in kubectl
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ Standardmäßig ruft der HorizontalPodAutoscaler Controller Metriken aus einer R
## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
* Design Dokument [Horizontal Pod Autoscaling](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/design-proposals/autoscaling/horizontal-pod-autoscaler.md).
* Design Dokument [Horizontal Pod Autoscaling](https://git.k8s.io/design-proposals-archive/autoscaling/horizontal-pod-autoscaler.md).
* kubectl autoscale Befehl: [kubectl autoscale](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands/#autoscale).
* Verwenden des [Horizontal Pod Autoscaler](/docs/tasks/run-application/horizontal-pod-autoscale-walkthrough/).
+3 -3
View File
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ It groups containers that make up an application into logical units for easy man
{{% blocks/feature image="scalable" %}}
#### Planet Scale
Designed on the same principles that allows Google to run billions of containers a week, Kubernetes can scale without increasing your ops team.
Designed on the same principles that allow Google to run billions of containers a week, Kubernetes can scale without increasing your operations team.
{{% /blocks/feature %}}
@@ -43,12 +43,12 @@ Kubernetes is open source giving you the freedom to take advantage of on-premise
<button id="desktopShowVideoButton" onclick="kub.showVideo()">Watch Video</button>
<br>
<br>
<a href="https://events.linuxfoundation.org/kubecon-cloudnativecon-north-america/?utm_source=kubernetes.io&utm_medium=nav&utm_campaign=kccncna22" button id="desktopKCButton">Attend KubeCon North America on October 24-28, 2022</a>
<a href="https://events.linuxfoundation.org/kubecon-cloudnativecon-north-america" button id="desktopKCButton">Attend KubeCon North America on October 24-28, 2022</a>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<a href="https://events.linuxfoundation.org/kubecon-cloudnativecon-europe-2023/?utm_source=kubernetes.io&utm_medium=nav&utm_campaign=kccnceu23" button id="desktopKCButton">Attend KubeCon Europe on April 17-21, 2023</a>
<a href="https://events.linuxfoundation.org/kubecon-cloudnativecon-europe-2023" button id="desktopKCButton">Attend KubeCon Europe on April 17-21, 2023</a>
</div>
<div id="videoPlayer">
<iframe data-url="https://www.youtube.com/embed/H06qrNmGqyE?autoplay=1" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ Let's see an example of a cluster to understand this API.
As the feature name "PodTopologySpread" implies, the basic usage of this feature
is to run your workload with an absolute even manner (maxSkew=1), or relatively
even manner (maxSkew>=2). See the [official
document](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-topology-spread-constraints/)
document](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/topology-spread-constraints/)
for more details.
In addition to this basic usage, there are some advanced usage examples that
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ To correct the latter issue, we now employ a "hunt and peck" approach to removin
### 1. Upgrade to kubernetes 1.18 and make use of Pod Topology Spread Constraints
While this seems like it could have been the perfect solution, at the time of writing Kubernetes 1.18 was unavailable on the two most common managed Kubernetes services in public cloud, EKS and GKE.
Furthermore, [pod topology spread constraints](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-topology-spread-constraints/) were still a [beta feature in 1.18](https://v1-18.docs.kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-topology-spread-constraints/) which meant that it [wasn't guaranteed to be available in managed clusters](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/concepts/types-of-clusters#kubernetes_feature_choices) even when v1.18 became available.
Furthermore, [pod topology spread constraints](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/topology-spread-constraints/) were still a beta feature in 1.18 which meant that it [wasn't guaranteed to be available in managed clusters](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/concepts/types-of-clusters#kubernetes_feature_choices) even when v1.18 became available.
The entire endeavour was concerningly reminiscent of checking [caniuse.com](https://caniuse.com/) when Internet Explorer 8 was still around.
### 2. Deploy a statefulset _per zone_.
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
---
layout: blog
title: "Meet Our Contributors - APAC (India region)"
date: 2022-01-10T12:00:00+0000
date: 2022-01-10
slug: meet-our-contributors-india-ep-01
canonicalUrl: https://kubernetes.dev/blog/2022/01/10/meet-our-contributors-india-ep-01/
canonicalUrl: https://www.kubernetes.dev/blog/2022/01/10/meet-our-contributors-india-ep-01/
---
**Authors & Interviewers:** [Anubhav Vardhan](https://github.com/anubha-v-ardhan), [Atharva Shinde](https://github.com/Atharva-Shinde), [Avinesh Tripathi](https://github.com/AvineshTripathi), [Debabrata Panigrahi](https://github.com/Debanitrkl), [Kunal Verma](https://github.com/verma-kunal), [Pranshu Srivastava](https://github.com/PranshuSrivastava), [Pritish Samal](https://github.com/CIPHERTron), [Purneswar Prasad](https://github.com/PurneswarPrasad), [Vedant Kakde](https://github.com/vedant-kakde)
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Welcome to the first episode of the APAC edition of the "Meet Our Contributors"
In this post, we'll introduce you to five amazing folks from the India region who have been actively contributing to the upstream Kubernetes projects in a variety of ways, as well as being the leaders or maintainers of numerous community initiatives.
💫 *Let's get started, so without further ado…*
💫 *Let's get started, so without further ado…*
## [Arsh Sharma](https://github.com/RinkiyaKeDad)
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ To the newcomers, Arsh helps plan their early contributions sustainably.
Kunal Kushwaha is a core member of the Kubernetes marketing council. He is also a CNCF ambassador and one of the founders of the [CNCF Students Program](https://community.cncf.io/cloud-native-students/).. He also served as a Communications role shadow during the 1.22 release cycle.
At the end of his first year, Kunal began contributing to the [fabric8io kubernetes-client](https://github.com/fabric8io/kubernetes-client) project. He was then selected to work on the same project as part of Google Summer of Code. Kunal mentored people on the same project, first through Google Summer of Code then through Google Code-in.
At the end of his first year, Kunal began contributing to the [fabric8io kubernetes-client](https://github.com/fabric8io/kubernetes-client) project. He was then selected to work on the same project as part of Google Summer of Code. Kunal mentored people on the same project, first through Google Summer of Code then through Google Code-in.
As an open-source enthusiast, he believes that diverse participation in the community is beneficial since it introduces new perspectives and opinions and respect for one's peers. He has worked on various open-source projects, and his participation in communities has considerably assisted his development as a developer.
@@ -103,4 +103,3 @@ If you have any recommendations/suggestions for who we should interview next, pl
We'll see you all in the next one. Everyone, till then, have a happy contributing! 👋
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
---
layout: blog
title: "Meet Our Contributors - APAC (Aus-NZ region)"
date: 2022-03-16T12:00:00+0000
date: 2022-03-16
slug: meet-our-contributors-au-nz-ep-02
canonicalUrl: https://www.kubernetes.dev/blog/2022/03/14/meet-our-contributors-au-nz-ep-02/
---
@@ -60,19 +60,13 @@ Nick Young works at VMware as a technical lead for Contour, a CNCF ingress contr
His contribution path was notable in that he began working on major areas of the Kubernetes project early on, skewing his trajectory.
He asserts the best thing a new contributor can do is to "start contributing". Naturally, if it is relevant to their employment, that is excellent; however, investing non-work time in contributing can pay off in the long run in terms of work. He believes that new contributors, particularly those who are currently Kubernetes users, should be encouraged to participate in higher-level project discussions.
He asserts the best thing a new contributor can do is to "start contributing". Naturally, if it is relevant to their employment, that is excellent; however, investing non-work time in contributing can pay off in the long run in terms of work. He believes that new contributors, particularly those who are currently Kubernetes users, should be encouraged to participate in higher-level project discussions.
> _Just being active and contributing will get you a long way. Once you've been active for a while, you'll find that you're able to answer questions, which will mean you're asked questions, and before you know it you are an expert._
---
If you have any recommendations/suggestions for who we should interview next, please let us know in #sig-contribex. Your suggestions would be much appreciated. We're thrilled to have additional folks assisting us in reaching out to even more wonderful individuals of the community.
We'll see you all in the next one. Everyone, till then, have a happy contributing! 👋
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
---
layout: blog
title: Kubernetes Gateway API Graduates to Beta
date: 2022-07-13
slug: gateway-api-graduates-to-beta
canonicalUrl: https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/blog/2022/graduating-to-beta/
---
**Authors:** Shane Utt (Kong), Rob Scott (Google), Nick Young (VMware), Jeff Apple (HashiCorp)
We are excited to announce the v0.5.0 release of Gateway API. For the first
time, several of our most important Gateway API resources are graduating to
beta. Additionally, we are starting a new initiative to explore how Gateway API
can be used for mesh and introducing new experimental concepts such as URL
rewrites. We'll cover all of this and more below.
## What is Gateway API?
Gateway API is a collection of resources centered around [Gateway][gw] resources
(which represent the underlying network gateways / proxy servers) to enable
robust Kubernetes service networking through expressive, extensible and
role-oriented interfaces that are implemented by many vendors and have broad
industry support.
Originally conceived as a successor to the well known [Ingress][ing] API, the
benefits of Gateway API include (but are not limited to) explicit support for
many commonly used networking protocols (e.g. `HTTP`, `TLS`, `TCP`, `UDP`) as
well as tightly integrated support for Transport Layer Security (TLS). The
`Gateway` resource in particular enables implementations to manage the lifecycle
of network gateways as a Kubernetes API.
If you're an end-user interested in some of the benefits of Gateway API we
invite you to jump in and find an implementation that suits you. At the time of
this release there are over a dozen [implementations][impl] for popular API
gateways and service meshes and guides are available to start exploring quickly.
[gw]:https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/api-types/gateway/
[ing]:https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/service-resources/ingress-v1/
[impl]:https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/implementations/
### Getting started
Gateway API is an official Kubernetes API like
[Ingress](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress/).
Gateway API represents a superset of Ingress functionality, enabling more
advanced concepts. Similar to Ingress, there is no default implementation of
Gateway API built into Kubernetes. Instead, there are many different
[implementations][impl] available, providing significant choice in terms of underlying
technologies while providing a consistent and portable experience.
Take a look at the [API concepts documentation][concepts] and check out some of
the [Guides][guides] to start familiarizing yourself with the APIs and how they
work. When you're ready for a practical application open the [implementations
page][impl] and select an implementation that belongs to an existing technology
you may already be familiar with or the one your cluster provider uses as a
default (if applicable). Gateway API is a [Custom Resource Definition
(CRD)][crd] based API so you'll need to [install the CRDs][install-crds] onto a
cluster to use the API.
If you're specifically interested in helping to contribute to Gateway API, we
would love to have you! Please feel free to [open a new issue][issue] on the
repository, or join in the [discussions][disc]. Also check out the [community
page][community] which includes links to the Slack channel and community meetings.
[crd]:https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/extend-kubernetes/custom-resources/custom-resource-definitions/
[concepts]:https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/concepts/api-overview/
[guides]:https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/guides/getting-started/
[impl]:https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/implementations/
[install-crds]:https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/guides/getting-started/#install-the-crds
[issue]:https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/gateway-api/issues/new/choose
[disc]:https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/gateway-api/discussions
[community]:https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/contributing/community/
## Release highlights
### Graduation to beta
The `v0.5.0` release is particularly historic because it marks the growth in
maturity to a beta API version (`v1beta1`) release for some of the key APIs:
- [GatewayClass](https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/api-types/gatewayclass/)
- [Gateway](https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/api-types/gateway/)
- [HTTPRoute](https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/api-types/httproute/)
This achievement was marked by the completion of several graduation criteria:
- API has been [widely implemented][impl].
- Conformance tests provide basic coverage for all resources and have multiple implementations passing tests.
- Most of the API surface is actively being used.
- Kubernetes SIG Network API reviewers have approved graduation to beta.
For more information on Gateway API versioning, refer to the [official
documentation](https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/concepts/versioning/). To see
what's in store for future releases check out the [next steps](#next-steps)
section.
[impl]:https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/implementations/
### Release channels
This release introduces the `experimental` and `standard` [release channels][ch]
which enable a better balance of maintaining stability while still enabling
experimentation and iterative development.
The `standard` release channel includes:
- resources that have graduated to beta
- fields that have graduated to standard (no longer considered experimental)
The `experimental` release channel includes everything in the `standard` release
channel, plus:
- `alpha` API resources
- fields that are considered experimental and have not graduated to `standard` channel
Release channels are used internally to enable iterative development with
quick turnaround, and externally to indicate feature stability to implementors
and end-users.
For this release we've added the following experimental features:
- [Routes can attach to Gateways by specifying port numbers](https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/geps/gep-957/)
- [URL rewrites and path redirects](https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/geps/gep-726/)
[ch]:https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/concepts/versioning/#release-channels-eg-experimental-standard
### Other improvements
For an exhaustive list of changes included in the `v0.5.0` release, please see
the [v0.5.0 release notes](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/gateway-api/releases/tag/v0.5.0).
## Gateway API for service mesh: the GAMMA Initiative
Some service mesh projects have [already implemented support for the Gateway
API](https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/implementations/). Significant overlap
between the Service Mesh Interface (SMI) APIs and the Gateway API has [inspired
discussion in the SMI
community](https://github.com/servicemeshinterface/smi-spec/issues/249) about
possible integration.
We are pleased to announce that the service mesh community, including
representatives from Cilium Service Mesh, Consul, Istio, Kuma, Linkerd, NGINX
Service Mesh and Open Service Mesh, is coming together to form the [GAMMA
Initiative](https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/contributing/gamma/), a dedicated
workstream within the Gateway API subproject focused on Gateway API for Mesh
Management and Administration.
This group will deliver [enhancement
proposals](https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/v1beta1/contributing/gep/) consisting
of resources, additions, and modifications to the Gateway API specification for
mesh and mesh-adjacent use-cases.
This work has begun with [an exploration of using Gateway API for
service-to-service
traffic](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1T_DtMQoq2tccLAtJTpo3c0ohjm25vRS35MsestSL9QU/edit#heading=h.jt37re3yi6k5)
and will continue with enhancement in areas such as authentication and
authorization policy.
## Next steps
As we continue to mature the API for production use cases, here are some of the highlights of what we'll be working on for the next Gateway API releases:
- [GRPCRoute][gep1016] for [gRPC][grpc] traffic routing
- [Route delegation][pr1085]
- Layer 4 API maturity: Graduating [TCPRoute][tcpr], [UDPRoute][udpr] and
[TLSRoute][tlsr] to beta
- [GAMMA Initiative](https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/contributing/gamma/) - Gateway API for Service Mesh
If there's something on this list you want to get involved in, or there's
something not on this list that you want to advocate for to get on the roadmap
please join us in the #sig-network-gateway-api channel on Kubernetes Slack or our weekly [community calls](https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/contributing/community/#meetings).
[gep1016]:https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/gateway-api/blob/master/site-src/geps/gep-1016.md
[grpc]:https://grpc.io/
[pr1085]:https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/gateway-api/pull/1085
[tcpr]:https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/gateway-api/blob/main/apis/v1alpha2/tcproute_types.go
[udpr]:https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/gateway-api/blob/main/apis/v1alpha2/udproute_types.go
[tlsr]:https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/gateway-api/blob/main/apis/v1alpha2/tlsroute_types.go
[community]:https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/contributing/community/
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ are allowed.
Nodes should be provisioned with the public root certificate for the cluster such that they can
connect securely to the API server along with valid client credentials. A good approach is that the
client credentials provided to the kubelet are in the form of a client certificate. See
[kubelet TLS bootstrapping](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kubelet-tls-bootstrapping/)
[kubelet TLS bootstrapping](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/kubelet-tls-bootstrapping/)
for automated provisioning of kubelet client certificates.
Pods that wish to connect to the API server can do so securely by leveraging a service account so
+9 -14
View File
@@ -479,29 +479,24 @@ these pods will be stuck in terminating status on the shutdown node forever.
To mitigate the above situation, a user can manually add the taint `node
kubernetes.io/out-of-service` with either `NoExecute` or `NoSchedule` effect to
a Node marking it out-of-service.
If the `NodeOutOfServiceVolumeDetach` [feature gate](/docs/reference/
command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/) is enabled on
`kube-controller-manager`, and a Node is marked out-of-service with this taint, the
pods on the node will be forcefully deleted if there are no matching tolerations on
it and volume detach operations for the pods terminating on the node will happen
immediately. This allows the Pods on the out-of-service node to recover quickly on a
different node.
If the `NodeOutOfServiceVolumeDetach`[feature gate](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/)
is enabled on `kube-controller-manager`, and a Node is marked out-of-service with this taint, the
pods on the node will be forcefully deleted if there are no matching tolerations on it and volume
detach operations for the pods terminating on the node will happen immediately. This allows the
Pods on the out-of-service node to recover quickly on a different node.
During a non-graceful shutdown, Pods are terminated in the two phases:
1. Force delete the Pods that do not have matching `out-of-service` tolerations.
2. Immediately perform detach volume operation for such pods.
{{< note >}}
- Before adding the taint `node.kubernetes.io/out-of-service` , it should be verified
that the node is already in shutdown or power off state (not in the middle of
restarting).
that the node is already in shutdown or power off state (not in the middle of
restarting).
- The user is required to manually remove the out-of-service taint after the pods are
moved to a new node and the user has checked that the shutdown node has been
recovered since the user was the one who originally added the taint.
moved to a new node and the user has checked that the shutdown node has been
recovered since the user was the one who originally added the taint.
{{< /note >}}
### Pod Priority based graceful node shutdown {#pod-priority-graceful-node-shutdown}
@@ -11,31 +11,37 @@ no_list: true
---
<!-- overview -->
The cluster administration overview is for anyone creating or administering a Kubernetes cluster.
It assumes some familiarity with core Kubernetes [concepts](/docs/concepts/).
<!-- body -->
## Planning a cluster
See the guides in [Setup](/docs/setup/) for examples of how to plan, set up, and configure Kubernetes clusters. The solutions listed in this article are called *distros*.
See the guides in [Setup](/docs/setup/) for examples of how to plan, set up, and configure
Kubernetes clusters. The solutions listed in this article are called *distros*.
{{< note >}}
Not all distros are actively maintained. Choose distros which have been tested with a recent version of Kubernetes.
{{< /note >}}
{{< note >}}
Not all distros are actively maintained. Choose distros which have been tested with a recent
version of Kubernetes.
{{< /note >}}
Before choosing a guide, here are some considerations:
- Do you want to try out Kubernetes on your computer, or do you want to build a high-availability, multi-node cluster? Choose distros best suited for your needs.
- Will you be using **a hosted Kubernetes cluster**, such as [Google Kubernetes Engine](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/), or **hosting your own cluster**?
- Will your cluster be **on-premises**, or **in the cloud (IaaS)**? Kubernetes does not directly support hybrid clusters. Instead, you can set up multiple clusters.
- **If you are configuring Kubernetes on-premises**, consider which [networking model](/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/networking/) fits best.
- Will you be running Kubernetes on **"bare metal" hardware** or on **virtual machines (VMs)**?
- Do you **want to run a cluster**, or do you expect to do **active development of Kubernetes project code**? If the
latter, choose an actively-developed distro. Some distros only use binary releases, but
offer a greater variety of choices.
- Familiarize yourself with the [components](/docs/concepts/overview/components/) needed to run a cluster.
- Do you want to try out Kubernetes on your computer, or do you want to build a high-availability,
multi-node cluster? Choose distros best suited for your needs.
- Will you be using **a hosted Kubernetes cluster**, such as
[Google Kubernetes Engine](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/), or **hosting your own cluster**?
- Will your cluster be **on-premises**, or **in the cloud (IaaS)**? Kubernetes does not directly
support hybrid clusters. Instead, you can set up multiple clusters.
- **If you are configuring Kubernetes on-premises**, consider which
[networking model](/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/networking/) fits best.
- Will you be running Kubernetes on **"bare metal" hardware** or on **virtual machines (VMs)**?
- Do you **want to run a cluster**, or do you expect to do **active development of Kubernetes project code**?
If the latter, choose an actively-developed distro. Some distros only use binary releases, but
offer a greater variety of choices.
- Familiarize yourself with the [components](/docs/concepts/overview/components/) needed to run a cluster.
## Managing a cluster
@@ -45,29 +51,43 @@ Before choosing a guide, here are some considerations:
## Securing a cluster
* [Generate Certificates](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/certificates/) describes the steps to generate certificates using different tool chains.
* [Generate Certificates](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/certificates/) describes the steps to
generate certificates using different tool chains.
* [Kubernetes Container Environment](/docs/concepts/containers/container-environment/) describes the environment for Kubelet managed containers on a Kubernetes node.
* [Kubernetes Container Environment](/docs/concepts/containers/container-environment/) describes
the environment for Kubelet managed containers on a Kubernetes node.
* [Controlling Access to the Kubernetes API](/docs/concepts/security/controlling-access) describes how Kubernetes implements access control for its own API.
* [Controlling Access to the Kubernetes API](/docs/concepts/security/controlling-access) describes
how Kubernetes implements access control for its own API.
* [Authenticating](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/authentication/) explains authentication in Kubernetes, including the various authentication options.
* [Authenticating](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/authentication/) explains authentication in
Kubernetes, including the various authentication options.
* [Authorization](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/authorization/) is separate from authentication, and controls how HTTP calls are handled.
* [Authorization](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/authorization/) is separate from
authentication, and controls how HTTP calls are handled.
* [Using Admission Controllers](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/admission-controllers/) explains plug-ins which intercepts requests to the Kubernetes API server after authentication and authorization.
* [Using Admission Controllers](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/admission-controllers/)
explains plug-ins which intercepts requests to the Kubernetes API server after authentication
and authorization.
* [Using Sysctls in a Kubernetes Cluster](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/sysctl-cluster/) describes to an administrator how to use the `sysctl` command-line tool to set kernel parameters .
* [Using Sysctls in a Kubernetes Cluster](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/sysctl-cluster/)
describes to an administrator how to use the `sysctl` command-line tool to set kernel parameters
.
* [Auditing](/docs/tasks/debug/debug-cluster/audit/) describes how to interact with Kubernetes' audit logs.
* [Auditing](/docs/tasks/debug/debug-cluster/audit/) describes how to interact with Kubernetes'
audit logs.
### Securing the kubelet
* [Control Plane-Node communication](/docs/concepts/architecture/control-plane-node-communication/)
* [TLS bootstrapping](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/kubelet-tls-bootstrapping/)
* [Kubelet authentication/authorization](/docs/reference/acess-authn-authz/kubelet-authn-authz/)
* [Control Plane-Node communication](/docs/concepts/architecture/control-plane-node-communication/)
* [TLS bootstrapping](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/kubelet-tls-bootstrapping/)
* [Kubelet authentication/authorization](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/kubelet-authn-authz/)
## Optional Cluster Services
* [DNS Integration](/docs/concepts/services-networking/dns-pod-service/) describes how to resolve a DNS name directly to a Kubernetes service.
* [DNS Integration](/docs/concepts/services-networking/dns-pod-service/) describes how to resolve
a DNS name directly to a Kubernetes service.
* [Logging and Monitoring Cluster Activity](/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/logging/)
explains how logging in Kubernetes works and how to implement it.
* [Logging and Monitoring Cluster Activity](/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/logging/) explains how logging in Kubernetes works and how to implement it.
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ container of a Pod can specify either or both of the following:
Limits and requests for `ephemeral-storage` are measured in byte quantities.
You can express storage as a plain integer or as a fixed-point number using one of these suffixes:
E, P, T, G, M, K. You can also use the power-of-two equivalents: Ei, Pi, Ti, Gi,
E, P, T, G, M, k. You can also use the power-of-two equivalents: Ei, Pi, Ti, Gi,
Mi, Ki. For example, the following quantities all represent roughly the same value:
- `128974848`
@@ -340,6 +340,10 @@ Mi, Ki. For example, the following quantities all represent roughly the same val
- `129M`
- `123Mi`
Pay attention to the case of the suffixes. If you request `400m` of ephemeral-storage, this is a request
for 0.4 bytes. Someone who types that probably meant to ask for 400 mebibytes (`400Mi`)
or 400 megabytes (`400M`).
In the following example, the Pod has two containers. Each container has a request of
2GiB of local ephemeral storage. Each container has a limit of 4GiB of local ephemeral
storage. Therefore, the Pod has a request of 4GiB of local ephemeral storage, and
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ DNS server watches the Kubernetes API for new `Services` and creates a set of DN
## Using Labels
- Define and use [labels](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labels/) that identify __semantic attributes__ of your application or Deployment, such as `{ app: myapp, tier: frontend, phase: test, deployment: v3 }`. You can use these labels to select the appropriate Pods for other resources; for example, a Service that selects all `tier: frontend` Pods, or all `phase: test` components of `app: myapp`. See the [guestbook](https://github.com/kubernetes/examples/tree/master/guestbook/) app for examples of this approach.
- Define and use [labels](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labels/) that identify __semantic attributes__ of your application or Deployment, such as `{ app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp, tier: frontend, phase: test, deployment: v3 }`. You can use these labels to select the appropriate Pods for other resources; for example, a Service that selects all `tier: frontend` Pods, or all `phase: test` components of `app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp`. See the [guestbook](https://github.com/kubernetes/examples/tree/master/guestbook/) app for examples of this approach.
A Service can be made to span multiple Deployments by omitting release-specific labels from its selector. When you need to update a running service without downtime, use a [Deployment](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/).
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ Runtime handlers are configured through containerd's configuration at
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.${HANDLER_NAME}]
```
See containerd's [config documentation](https://github.com/containerd/cri/blob/master/docs/config.md)
See containerd's [config documentation](https://github.com/containerd/containerd/blob/main/docs/cri/config.md)
for more details:
#### {{< glossary_tooltip term_id="cri-o" >}}
@@ -8,21 +8,29 @@ card:
---
<!-- overview -->
This page explains how Kubernetes objects are represented in the Kubernetes API, and how you can express them in `.yaml` format.
This page explains how Kubernetes objects are represented in the Kubernetes API, and how you can
express them in `.yaml` format.
<!-- body -->
## Understanding Kubernetes objects {#kubernetes-objects}
*Kubernetes objects* are persistent entities in the Kubernetes system. Kubernetes uses these entities to represent the state of your cluster. Specifically, they can describe:
*Kubernetes objects* are persistent entities in the Kubernetes system. Kubernetes uses these
entities to represent the state of your cluster. Specifically, they can describe:
* What containerized applications are running (and on which nodes)
* The resources available to those applications
* The policies around how those applications behave, such as restart policies, upgrades, and fault-tolerance
A Kubernetes object is a "record of intent"--once you create the object, the Kubernetes system will constantly work to ensure that object exists. By creating an object, you're effectively telling the Kubernetes system what you want your cluster's workload to look like; this is your cluster's *desired state*.
A Kubernetes object is a "record of intent"--once you create the object, the Kubernetes system
will constantly work to ensure that object exists. By creating an object, you're effectively
telling the Kubernetes system what you want your cluster's workload to look like; this is your
cluster's *desired state*.
To work with Kubernetes objects--whether to create, modify, or delete them--you'll need to use the [Kubernetes API](/docs/concepts/overview/kubernetes-api/). When you use the `kubectl` command-line interface, for example, the CLI makes the necessary Kubernetes API calls for you. You can also use the Kubernetes API directly in your own programs using one of the [Client Libraries](/docs/reference/using-api/client-libraries/).
To work with Kubernetes objects--whether to create, modify, or delete them--you'll need to use the
[Kubernetes API](/docs/concepts/overview/kubernetes-api/). When you use the `kubectl` command-line
interface, for example, the CLI makes the necessary Kubernetes API calls for you. You can also use
the Kubernetes API directly in your own programs using one of the
[Client Libraries](/docs/reference/using-api/client-libraries/).
### Object Spec and Status
@@ -48,11 +56,17 @@ the status to match your spec. If any of those instances should fail
between spec and status by making a correction--in this case, starting
a replacement instance.
For more information on the object spec, status, and metadata, see the [Kubernetes API Conventions](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md).
For more information on the object spec, status, and metadata, see the
[Kubernetes API Conventions](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md).
### Describing a Kubernetes object
When you create an object in Kubernetes, you must provide the object spec that describes its desired state, as well as some basic information about the object (such as a name). When you use the Kubernetes API to create the object (either directly or via `kubectl`), that API request must include that information as JSON in the request body. **Most often, you provide the information to `kubectl` in a .yaml file.** `kubectl` converts the information to JSON when making the API request.
When you create an object in Kubernetes, you must provide the object spec that describes its
desired state, as well as some basic information about the object (such as a name). When you use
the Kubernetes API to create the object (either directly or via `kubectl`), that API request must
include that information as JSON in the request body. **Most often, you provide the information to
`kubectl` in a .yaml file.** `kubectl` converts the information to JSON when making the API
request.
Here's an example `.yaml` file that shows the required fields and object spec for a Kubernetes Deployment:
@@ -81,7 +95,9 @@ In the `.yaml` file for the Kubernetes object you want to create, you'll need to
* `metadata` - Data that helps uniquely identify the object, including a `name` string, `UID`, and optional `namespace`
* `spec` - What state you desire for the object
The precise format of the object `spec` is different for every Kubernetes object, and contains nested fields specific to that object. The [Kubernetes API Reference](/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/) can help you find the spec format for all of the objects you can create using Kubernetes.
The precise format of the object `spec` is different for every Kubernetes object, and contains
nested fields specific to that object. The [Kubernetes API Reference](/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/)
can help you find the spec format for all of the objects you can create using Kubernetes.
For example, see the [`spec` field](/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/workload-resources/pod-v1/#PodSpec)
for the Pod API reference.
@@ -103,5 +119,3 @@ detail the structure of that `.status` field, and its content for each different
* Learn about [controllers](/docs/concepts/architecture/controller/) in Kubernetes.
* [Using the Kubernetes API](/docs/reference/using-api/) explains some more API concepts.
@@ -169,9 +169,9 @@ Disadvantages compared to imperative object configuration:
## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
- [Managing Kubernetes Objects Using Imperative Commands](/docs/tasks/manage-kubernetes-objects/imperative-command/)
- [Managing Kubernetes Objects Using Object Configuration (Imperative)](/docs/tasks/manage-kubernetes-objects/imperative-config/)
- [Managing Kubernetes Objects Using Object Configuration (Declarative)](/docs/tasks/manage-kubernetes-objects/declarative-config/)
- [Managing Kubernetes Objects Using Kustomize (Declarative)](/docs/tasks/manage-kubernetes-objects/kustomization/)
- [Imperative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files](/docs/tasks/manage-kubernetes-objects/imperative-config/)
- [Declarative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files](/docs/tasks/manage-kubernetes-objects/declarative-config/)
- [Declarative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Kustomize](/docs/tasks/manage-kubernetes-objects/kustomization/)
- [Kubectl Command Reference](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands/)
- [Kubectl Book](https://kubectl.docs.kubernetes.io)
- [Kubernetes API Reference](/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/{{< param "version" >}}/)
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ of terminating one or more Pods on Nodes.
* [Kubernetes Scheduler](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/kube-scheduler/)
* [Assigning Pods to Nodes](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/assign-pod-node/)
* [Pod Overhead](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/pod-overhead/)
* [Pod Topology Spread Constraints](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/topology-spread-constraints/)
* [Taints and Tolerations](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/taint-and-toleration/)
* [Scheduling Framework](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/scheduling-framework)
* [Scheduler Performance Tuning](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/scheduler-perf-tuning/)
@@ -11,24 +11,27 @@ weight: 20
<!-- overview -->
You can constrain a {{< glossary_tooltip text="Pod" term_id="pod" >}} so that it can only run on particular set of
{{< glossary_tooltip text="node(s)" term_id="node" >}}.
You can constrain a {{< glossary_tooltip text="Pod" term_id="pod" >}} so that it is
_restricted_ to run on particular {{< glossary_tooltip text="node(s)" term_id="node" >}},
or to _prefer_ to run on particular nodes.
There are several ways to do this and the recommended approaches all use
[label selectors](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labels/) to facilitate the selection.
Generally such constraints are unnecessary, as the scheduler will automatically do a reasonable placement
Often, you do not need to set any such constraints; the
{{< glossary_tooltip text="scheduler" term_id="kube-scheduler" >}} will automatically do a reasonable placement
(for example, spreading your Pods across nodes so as not place Pods on a node with insufficient free resources).
However, there are some circumstances where you may want to control which node
the Pod deploys to, for example, to ensure that a Pod ends up on a node with an SSD attached to it, or to co-locate Pods from two different
services that communicate a lot into the same availability zone.
the Pod deploys to, for example, to ensure that a Pod ends up on a node with an SSD attached to it,
or to co-locate Pods from two different services that communicate a lot into the same availability zone.
<!-- body -->
You can use any of the following methods to choose where Kubernetes schedules
specific Pods:
specific Pods:
* [nodeSelector](#nodeselector) field matching against [node labels](#built-in-node-labels)
* [Affinity and anti-affinity](#affinity-and-anti-affinity)
* [nodeName](#nodename) field
* [Pod topology spread constraints](#pod-topology-spread-constraints)
## Node labels {#built-in-node-labels}
@@ -170,7 +173,7 @@ For example, consider the following Pod spec:
{{< codenew file="pods/pod-with-affinity-anti-affinity.yaml" >}}
If there are two possible nodes that match the
`requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution` rule, one with the
`preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution` rule, one with the
`label-1:key-1` label and another with the `label-2:key-2` label, the scheduler
considers the `weight` of each node and adds the weight to the other scores for
that node, and schedules the Pod onto the node with the highest final score.
@@ -337,13 +340,15 @@ null `namespaceSelector` matches the namespace of the Pod where the rule is defi
Inter-pod affinity and anti-affinity can be even more useful when they are used with higher
level collections such as ReplicaSets, StatefulSets, Deployments, etc. These
rules allow you to configure that a set of workloads should
be co-located in the same defined topology, eg., the same node.
be co-located in the same defined topology; for example, preferring to place two related
Pods onto the same node.
Take, for example, a three-node cluster running a web application with an
in-memory cache like redis. You could use inter-pod affinity and anti-affinity
to co-locate the web servers with the cache as much as possible.
For example: imagine a three-node cluster. You use the cluster to run a web application
and also an in-memory cache (such as Redis). For this example, also assume that latency between
the web application and the memory cache should be as low as is practical. You could use inter-pod
affinity and anti-affinity to co-locate the web servers with the cache as much as possible.
In the following example Deployment for the redis cache, the replicas get the label `app=store`. The
In the following example Deployment for the Redis cache, the replicas get the label `app=store`. The
`podAntiAffinity` rule tells the scheduler to avoid placing multiple replicas
with the `app=store` label on a single node. This creates each cache in a
separate node.
@@ -378,10 +383,10 @@ spec:
image: redis:3.2-alpine
```
The following Deployment for the web servers creates replicas with the label `app=web-store`. The
Pod affinity rule tells the scheduler to place each replica on a node that has a
Pod with the label `app=store`. The Pod anti-affinity rule tells the scheduler
to avoid placing multiple `app=web-store` servers on a single node.
The following example Deployment for the web servers creates replicas with the label `app=web-store`.
The Pod affinity rule tells the scheduler to place each replica on a node that has a Pod
with the label `app=store`. The Pod anti-affinity rule tells the scheduler never to place
multiple `app=web-store` servers on a single node.
```yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
@@ -430,6 +435,10 @@ where each web server is co-located with a cache, on three separate nodes.
| *webserver-1* | *webserver-2* | *webserver-3* |
| *cache-1* | *cache-2* | *cache-3* |
The overall effect is that each cache instance is likely to be accessed by a single client, that
is running on the same node. This approach aims to minimize both skew (imbalanced load) and latency.
You might have other reasons to use Pod anti-affinity.
See the [ZooKeeper tutorial](/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/zookeeper/#tolerating-node-failure)
for an example of a StatefulSet configured with anti-affinity for high
availability, using the same technique as this example.
@@ -468,6 +477,16 @@ spec:
The above Pod will only run on the node `kube-01`.
## Pod topology spread constraints
You can use _topology spread constraints_ to control how {{< glossary_tooltip text="Pods" term_id="Pod" >}}
are spread across your cluster among failure-domains such as regions, zones, nodes, or among any other
topology domains that you define. You might do this to improve performance, expected availability, or
overall utilization.
Read [Pod topology spread constraints](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/topology-spread-constraints/)
to learn more about how these work.
## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
* Read more about [taints and tolerations](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/taint-and-toleration/) .
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ of the scheduler:
## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
* Read about [scheduler performance tuning](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/scheduler-perf-tuning/)
* Read about [Pod topology spread constraints](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-topology-spread-constraints/)
* Read about [Pod topology spread constraints](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/topology-spread-constraints/)
* Read the [reference documentation](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kube-scheduler/) for kube-scheduler
* Read the [kube-scheduler config (v1beta3)](/docs/reference/config-api/kube-scheduler-config.v1beta3/) reference
* Learn about [configuring multiple schedulers](/docs/tasks/extend-kubernetes/configure-multiple-schedulers/)
@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ the signal.
The value for `memory.available` is derived from the cgroupfs instead of tools
like `free -m`. This is important because `free -m` does not work in a
container, and if users use the [node
allocatable](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/reserve-compute-resources/#node-allocatable) feature, out of resource decisions
container, and if users use the [node allocatable](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/reserve-compute-resources/#node-allocatable)
feature, out of resource decisions
are made local to the end user Pod part of the cgroup hierarchy as well as the
root node. This [script](/examples/admin/resource/memory-available.sh)
reproduces the same set of steps that the kubelet performs to calculate
@@ -85,10 +85,15 @@ The kubelet supports the following filesystem partitions:
Kubelet auto-discovers these filesystems and ignores other filesystems. Kubelet
does not support other configurations.
{{<note>}}
Some kubelet garbage collection features are deprecated in favor of eviction.
For a list of the deprecated features, see [kubelet garbage collection deprecation](/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/kubelet-garbage-collection/#deprecation).
{{</note>}}
Some kubelet garbage collection features are deprecated in favor of eviction:
| Existing Flag | New Flag | Rationale |
| ------------- | -------- | --------- |
| `--image-gc-high-threshold` | `--eviction-hard` or `--eviction-soft` | existing eviction signals can trigger image garbage collection |
| `--image-gc-low-threshold` | `--eviction-minimum-reclaim` | eviction reclaims achieve the same behavior |
| `--maximum-dead-containers` | - | deprecated once old logs are stored outside of container's context |
| `--maximum-dead-containers-per-container` | - | deprecated once old logs are stored outside of container's context |
| `--minimum-container-ttl-duration` | - | deprecated once old logs are stored outside of container's context |
### Eviction thresholds
@@ -211,7 +216,7 @@ the kubelet frees up disk space in the following order:
If the kubelet's attempts to reclaim node-level resources don't bring the eviction
signal below the threshold, the kubelet begins to evict end-user pods.
The kubelet uses the following parameters to determine pod eviction order:
The kubelet uses the following parameters to determine the pod eviction order:
1. Whether the pod's resource usage exceeds requests
1. [Pod Priority](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/pod-priority-preemption/)
@@ -314,7 +319,7 @@ The kubelet sets an `oom_score_adj` value for each container based on the QoS fo
{{<note>}}
The kubelet also sets an `oom_score_adj` value of `-997` for containers in Pods that have
`system-node-critical` {{<glossary_tooltip text="Priority" term_id="pod-priority">}}
`system-node-critical` {{<glossary_tooltip text="Priority" term_id="pod-priority">}}.
{{</note>}}
If the kubelet can't reclaim memory before a node experiences OOM, the
@@ -396,7 +401,7 @@ counted as `active_file`. If enough of these kernel block buffers are on the
active LRU list, the kubelet is liable to observe this as high resource use and
taint the node as experiencing memory pressure - triggering pod eviction.
For more more details, see [https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/43916](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/43916)
For more details, see [https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/43916](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/43916)
You can work around that behavior by setting the memory limit and memory request
the same for containers likely to perform intensive I/O activity. You will need
@@ -15,14 +15,15 @@ is a property of {{< glossary_tooltip text="Pods" term_id="pod" >}} that *attrac
a set of {{< glossary_tooltip text="nodes" term_id="node" >}} (either as a preference or a
hard requirement). _Taints_ are the opposite -- they allow a node to repel a set of pods.
_Tolerations_ are applied to pods. Tolerations allow the scheduler to schedule pods with matching taints. Tolerations allow scheduling but don't guarantee scheduling: the scheduler also [evaluates other parameters](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/pod-priority-preemption/) as part of its function.
_Tolerations_ are applied to pods. Tolerations allow the scheduler to schedule pods with matching
taints. Tolerations allow scheduling but don't guarantee scheduling: the scheduler also
[evaluates other parameters](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/pod-priority-preemption/)
as part of its function.
Taints and tolerations work together to ensure that pods are not scheduled
onto inappropriate nodes. One or more taints are applied to a node; this
marks that the node should not accept any pods that do not tolerate the taints.
<!-- body -->
## Concepts
@@ -266,7 +267,8 @@ This ensures that DaemonSet pods are never evicted due to these problems.
## Taint Nodes by Condition
The control plane, using the node {{<glossary_tooltip text="controller" term_id="controller">}},
automatically creates taints with a `NoSchedule` effect for [node conditions](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/node-pressure-eviction/#node-conditions).
automatically creates taints with a `NoSchedule` effect for
[node conditions](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/node-pressure-eviction/#node-conditions).
The scheduler checks taints, not node conditions, when it makes scheduling
decisions. This ensures that node conditions don't directly affect scheduling.
@@ -297,7 +299,7 @@ arbitrary tolerations to DaemonSets.
## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
* Read about [Node-pressure Eviction](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/node-pressure-eviction/) and how you can configure it
* Read about [Node-pressure Eviction](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/node-pressure-eviction/)
and how you can configure it
* Read about [Pod Priority](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/pod-priority-preemption/)
@@ -0,0 +1,570 @@
---
title: Pod Topology Spread Constraints
content_type: concept
weight: 40
---
<!-- overview -->
You can use _topology spread constraints_ to control how
{{< glossary_tooltip text="Pods" term_id="Pod" >}} are spread across your cluster
among failure-domains such as regions, zones, nodes, and other user-defined topology
domains. This can help to achieve high availability as well as efficient resource
utilization.
You can set [cluster-level constraints](#cluster-level-default-constraints) as a default,
or configure topology spread constraints for individual workloads.
<!-- body -->
## Motivation
Imagine that you have a cluster of up to twenty nodes, and you want to run a
{{< glossary_tooltip text="workload" term_id="workload" >}}
that automatically scales how many replicas it uses. There could be as few as
two Pods or as many as fifteen.
When there are only two Pods, you'd prefer not to have both of those Pods run on the
same node: you would run the risk that a single node failure takes your workload
offline.
In addition to this basic usage, there are some advanced usage examples that
enable your workloads to benefit on high availability and cluster utilization.
As you scale up and run more Pods, a different concern becomes important. Imagine
that you have three nodes running five Pods each. The nodes have enough capacity
to run that many replicas; however, the clients that interact with this workload
are split across three different datacenters (or infrastructure zones). Now you
have less concern about a single node failure, but you notice that latency is
higher than you'd like, and you are paying for network costs associated with
sending network traffic between the different zones.
You decide that under normal operation you'd prefer to have a similar number of replicas
[scheduled](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/) into each infrastructure zone,
and you'd like the cluster to self-heal in the case that there is a problem.
Pod topology spread constraints offer you a declarative way to configure that.
## `topologySpreadConstraints` field
The Pod API includes a field, `spec.topologySpreadConstraints`. Here is an example:
```yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: example-pod
spec:
# Configure a topology spread constraint
topologySpreadConstraints:
- maxSkew: <integer>
minDomains: <integer> # optional; alpha since v1.24
topologyKey: <string>
whenUnsatisfiable: <string>
labelSelector: <object>
### other Pod fields go here
```
You can read more about this field by running `kubectl explain Pod.spec.topologySpreadConstraints`.
### Spread constraint definition
You can define one or multiple `topologySpreadConstraints` entries to instruct the
kube-scheduler how to place each incoming Pod in relation to the existing Pods across
your cluster. Those fields are:
- **maxSkew** describes the degree to which Pods may be unevenly distributed. You must
specify this field and the number must be greater than zero. Its semantics differ
according to the value of `whenUnsatisfiable`:
- if you select `whenUnsatisfiable: DoNotSchedule`, then `maxSkew` defines the
maximum permitted difference between the number of matching pods in the target
topology and the _global minimum_
(the minimum number of pods that match the label selector in a topology domain).
For example, if you have 3 zones with 2, 4 and 5 matching pods respectively,
then the global minimum is 2 and `maxSkew` is compared relative to that number.
- if you select `whenUnsatisfiable: ScheduleAnyway`, the scheduler gives higher
precedence to topologies that would help reduce the skew.
- **minDomains** indicates a minimum number of eligible domains. This field is optional.
A domain is a particular instance of a topology. An eligible domain is a domain whose
nodes match the node selector.
{{< note >}}
The `minDomains` field is an alpha field added in 1.24. You have to enable the
`MinDomainsInPodToplogySpread` [feature gate](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/)
in order to use it.
{{< /note >}}
- The value of `minDomains` must be greater than 0, when specified.
You can only specify `minDomains` in conjunction with `whenUnsatisfiable: DoNotSchedule`.
- When the number of eligible domains with match topology keys is less than `minDomains`,
Pod topology spread treats global minimum as 0, and then the calculation of `skew` is performed.
The global minimum is the minimum number of matching Pods in an eligible domain,
or zero if the number of eligible domains is less than `minDomains`.
- When the number of eligible domains with matching topology keys equals or is greater than
`minDomains`, this value has no effect on scheduling.
- If you do not specify `minDomains`, the constraint behaves as if `minDomains` is 1.
- **topologyKey** is the key of [node labels](#node-labels). If two Nodes are labelled
with this key and have identical values for that label, the scheduler treats both
Nodes as being in the same topology. The scheduler tries to place a balanced number
of Pods into each topology domain.
- **whenUnsatisfiable** indicates how to deal with a Pod if it doesn't satisfy the spread constraint:
- `DoNotSchedule` (default) tells the scheduler not to schedule it.
- `ScheduleAnyway` tells the scheduler to still schedule it while prioritizing nodes that minimize the skew.
- **labelSelector** is used to find matching Pods. Pods
that match this label selector are counted to determine the
number of Pods in their corresponding topology domain.
See [Label Selectors](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labels/#label-selectors)
for more details.
When a Pod defines more than one `topologySpreadConstraint`, those constraints are
combined using a logical AND operation: the kube-scheduler looks for a node for the incoming Pod
that satisfies all the configured constraints.
### Node labels
Topology spread constraints rely on node labels to identify the topology
domain(s) that each {{< glossary_tooltip text="node" term_id="node" >}} is in.
For example, a node might have labels:
```yaml
region: us-east-1
zone: us-east-1a
```
{{< note >}}
For brevity, this example doesn't use the
[well-known](/docs/reference/labels-annotations-taints/) label keys
`topology.kubernetes.io/zone` and `topology.kubernetes.io/region`. However,
those registered label keys are nonetheless recommended rather than the private
(unqualified) label keys `region` and `zone` that are used here.
You can't make a reliable assumption about the meaning of a private label key
between different contexts.
{{< /note >}}
Suppose you have a 4-node cluster with the following labels:
```
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION LABELS
node1 Ready <none> 4m26s v1.16.0 node=node1,zone=zoneA
node2 Ready <none> 3m58s v1.16.0 node=node2,zone=zoneA
node3 Ready <none> 3m17s v1.16.0 node=node3,zone=zoneB
node4 Ready <none> 2m43s v1.16.0 node=node4,zone=zoneB
```
Then the cluster is logically viewed as below:
{{<mermaid>}}
graph TB
subgraph "zoneB"
n3(Node3)
n4(Node4)
end
subgraph "zoneA"
n1(Node1)
n2(Node2)
end
classDef plain fill:#ddd,stroke:#fff,stroke-width:4px,color:#000;
classDef k8s fill:#326ce5,stroke:#fff,stroke-width:4px,color:#fff;
classDef cluster fill:#fff,stroke:#bbb,stroke-width:2px,color:#326ce5;
class n1,n2,n3,n4 k8s;
class zoneA,zoneB cluster;
{{< /mermaid >}}
## Consistency
You should set the same Pod topology spread constraints on all pods in a group.
Usually, if you are using a workload controller such as a Deployment, the pod template
takes care of this for you. If you mix different spread constraints then Kubernetes
follows the API definition of the field; however, the behavior is more likely to become
confusing and troubleshooting is less straightforward.
You need a mechanism to ensure that all the nodes in a topology domain (such as a
cloud provider region) are labelled consistently.
To avoid you needing to manually label nodes, most clusters automatically
populate well-known labels such as `topology.kubernetes.io/hostname`. Check whether
your cluster supports this.
## Topology spread constraint examples
### Example: one topology spread constraint {#example-one-topologyspreadconstraint}
Suppose you have a 4-node cluster where 3 Pods labelled `foo: bar` are located in
node1, node2 and node3 respectively:
{{<mermaid>}}
graph BT
subgraph "zoneB"
p3(Pod) --> n3(Node3)
n4(Node4)
end
subgraph "zoneA"
p1(Pod) --> n1(Node1)
p2(Pod) --> n2(Node2)
end
classDef plain fill:#ddd,stroke:#fff,stroke-width:4px,color:#000;
classDef k8s fill:#326ce5,stroke:#fff,stroke-width:4px,color:#fff;
classDef cluster fill:#fff,stroke:#bbb,stroke-width:2px,color:#326ce5;
class n1,n2,n3,n4,p1,p2,p3 k8s;
class zoneA,zoneB cluster;
{{< /mermaid >}}
If you want an incoming Pod to be evenly spread with existing Pods across zones, you
can use a manifest similar to:
{{< codenew file="pods/topology-spread-constraints/one-constraint.yaml" >}}
From that manifest, `topologyKey: zone` implies the even distribution will only be applied
to nodes that are labelled `zone: <any value>` (nodes that don't have a `zone` label
are skipped). The field `whenUnsatisfiable: DoNotSchedule` tells the scheduler to let the
incoming Pod stay pending if the scheduler can't find a way to satisfy the constraint.
If the scheduler placed this incoming Pod into zone `A`, the distribution of Pods would
become `[3, 1]`. That means the actual skew is then 2 (calculated as `3 - 1`), which
violates `maxSkew: 1`. To satisfy the constraints and context for this example, the
incoming Pod can only be placed onto a node in zone `B`:
{{<mermaid>}}
graph BT
subgraph "zoneB"
p3(Pod) --> n3(Node3)
p4(mypod) --> n4(Node4)
end
subgraph "zoneA"
p1(Pod) --> n1(Node1)
p2(Pod) --> n2(Node2)
end
classDef plain fill:#ddd,stroke:#fff,stroke-width:4px,color:#000;
classDef k8s fill:#326ce5,stroke:#fff,stroke-width:4px,color:#fff;
classDef cluster fill:#fff,stroke:#bbb,stroke-width:2px,color:#326ce5;
class n1,n2,n3,n4,p1,p2,p3 k8s;
class p4 plain;
class zoneA,zoneB cluster;
{{< /mermaid >}}
OR
{{<mermaid>}}
graph BT
subgraph "zoneB"
p3(Pod) --> n3(Node3)
p4(mypod) --> n3
n4(Node4)
end
subgraph "zoneA"
p1(Pod) --> n1(Node1)
p2(Pod) --> n2(Node2)
end
classDef plain fill:#ddd,stroke:#fff,stroke-width:4px,color:#000;
classDef k8s fill:#326ce5,stroke:#fff,stroke-width:4px,color:#fff;
classDef cluster fill:#fff,stroke:#bbb,stroke-width:2px,color:#326ce5;
class n1,n2,n3,n4,p1,p2,p3 k8s;
class p4 plain;
class zoneA,zoneB cluster;
{{< /mermaid >}}
You can tweak the Pod spec to meet various kinds of requirements:
- Change `maxSkew` to a bigger value - such as `2` - so that the incoming Pod can
be placed into zone `A` as well.
- Change `topologyKey` to `node` so as to distribute the Pods evenly across nodes
instead of zones. In the above example, if `maxSkew` remains `1`, the incoming
Pod can only be placed onto the node `node4`.
- Change `whenUnsatisfiable: DoNotSchedule` to `whenUnsatisfiable: ScheduleAnyway`
to ensure the incoming Pod to be always schedulable (suppose other scheduling APIs
are satisfied). However, it's preferred to be placed into the topology domain which
has fewer matching Pods. (Be aware that this preference is jointly normalized
with other internal scheduling priorities such as resource usage ratio).
### Example: multiple topology spread constraints {#example-multiple-topologyspreadconstraints}
This builds upon the previous example. Suppose you have a 4-node cluster where 3
existing Pods labeled `foo: bar` are located on node1, node2 and node3 respectively:
{{<mermaid>}}
graph BT
subgraph "zoneB"
p3(Pod) --> n3(Node3)
n4(Node4)
end
subgraph "zoneA"
p1(Pod) --> n1(Node1)
p2(Pod) --> n2(Node2)
end
classDef plain fill:#ddd,stroke:#fff,stroke-width:4px,color:#000;
classDef k8s fill:#326ce5,stroke:#fff,stroke-width:4px,color:#fff;
classDef cluster fill:#fff,stroke:#bbb,stroke-width:2px,color:#326ce5;
class n1,n2,n3,n4,p1,p2,p3 k8s;
class p4 plain;
class zoneA,zoneB cluster;
{{< /mermaid >}}
You can combine two topology spread constraints to control the spread of Pods both
by node and by zone:
{{< codenew file="pods/topology-spread-constraints/two-constraints.yaml" >}}
In this case, to match the first constraint, the incoming Pod can only be placed onto
nodes in zone `B`; while in terms of the second constraint, the incoming Pod can only be
scheduled to the node `node4`. The scheduler only considers options that satisfy all
defined constraints, so the only valid placement is onto node `node4`.
### Example: conflicting topology spread constraints {#example-conflicting-topologyspreadconstraints}
Multiple constraints can lead to conflicts. Suppose you have a 3-node cluster across 2 zones:
{{<mermaid>}}
graph BT
subgraph "zoneB"
p4(Pod) --> n3(Node3)
p5(Pod) --> n3
end
subgraph "zoneA"
p1(Pod) --> n1(Node1)
p2(Pod) --> n1
p3(Pod) --> n2(Node2)
end
classDef plain fill:#ddd,stroke:#fff,stroke-width:4px,color:#000;
classDef k8s fill:#326ce5,stroke:#fff,stroke-width:4px,color:#fff;
classDef cluster fill:#fff,stroke:#bbb,stroke-width:2px,color:#326ce5;
class n1,n2,n3,n4,p1,p2,p3,p4,p5 k8s;
class zoneA,zoneB cluster;
{{< /mermaid >}}
If you were to apply
[`two-constraints.yaml`](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/website/main/content/en/examples/pods/topology-spread-constraints/two-constraints.yaml)
(the manifest from the previous example)
to **this** cluster, you would see that the Pod `mypod` stays in the `Pending` state.
This happens because: to satisfy the first constraint, the Pod `mypod` can only
be placed into zone `B`; while in terms of the second constraint, the Pod `mypod`
can only schedule to node `node2`. The intersection of the two constraints returns
an empty set, and the scheduler cannot place the Pod.
To overcome this situation, you can either increase the value of `maxSkew` or modify
one of the constraints to use `whenUnsatisfiable: ScheduleAnyway`. Depending on
circumstances, you might also decide to delete an existing Pod manually - for example,
if you are troubleshooting why a bug-fix rollout is not making progress.
#### Interaction with node affinity and node selectors
The scheduler will skip the non-matching nodes from the skew calculations if the
incoming Pod has `spec.nodeSelector` or `spec.affinity.nodeAffinity` defined.
### Example: topology spread constraints with node affinity {#example-topologyspreadconstraints-with-nodeaffinity}
Suppose you have a 5-node cluster ranging across zones A to C:
{{<mermaid>}}
graph BT
subgraph "zoneB"
p3(Pod) --> n3(Node3)
n4(Node4)
end
subgraph "zoneA"
p1(Pod) --> n1(Node1)
p2(Pod) --> n2(Node2)
end
classDef plain fill:#ddd,stroke:#fff,stroke-width:4px,color:#000;
classDef k8s fill:#326ce5,stroke:#fff,stroke-width:4px,color:#fff;
classDef cluster fill:#fff,stroke:#bbb,stroke-width:2px,color:#326ce5;
class n1,n2,n3,n4,p1,p2,p3 k8s;
class p4 plain;
class zoneA,zoneB cluster;
{{< /mermaid >}}
{{<mermaid>}}
graph BT
subgraph "zoneC"
n5(Node5)
end
classDef plain fill:#ddd,stroke:#fff,stroke-width:4px,color:#000;
classDef k8s fill:#326ce5,stroke:#fff,stroke-width:4px,color:#fff;
classDef cluster fill:#fff,stroke:#bbb,stroke-width:2px,color:#326ce5;
class n5 k8s;
class zoneC cluster;
{{< /mermaid >}}
and you know that zone `C` must be excluded. In this case, you can compose a manifest
as below, so that Pod `mypod` will be placed into zone `B` instead of zone `C`.
Similarly, Kubernetes also respects `spec.nodeSelector`.
{{< codenew file="pods/topology-spread-constraints/one-constraint-with-nodeaffinity.yaml" >}}
## Implicit conventions
There are some implicit conventions worth noting here:
- Only the Pods holding the same namespace as the incoming Pod can be matching candidates.
- The scheduler bypasses any nodes that don't have any `topologySpreadConstraints[*].topologyKey`
present. This implies that:
1. any Pods located on those bypassed nodes do not impact `maxSkew` calculation - in the
above example, suppose the node `node1` does not have a label "zone", then the 2 Pods will
be disregarded, hence the incoming Pod will be scheduled into zone `A`.
2. the incoming Pod has no chances to be scheduled onto this kind of nodes -
in the above example, suppose a node `node5` has the **mistyped** label `zone-typo: zoneC`
(and no `zone` label set). After node `node5` joins the cluster, it will be bypassed and
Pods for this workload aren't scheduled there.
- Be aware of what will happen if the incoming Pod's
`topologySpreadConstraints[*].labelSelector` doesn't match its own labels. In the
above example, if you remove the incoming Pod's labels, it can still be placed onto
nodes in zone `B`, since the constraints are still satisfied. However, after that
placement, the degree of imbalance of the cluster remains unchanged - it's still zone `A`
having 2 Pods labelled as `foo: bar`, and zone `B` having 1 Pod labelled as
`foo: bar`. If this is not what you expect, update the workload's
`topologySpreadConstraints[*].labelSelector` to match the labels in the pod template.
## Cluster-level default constraints
It is possible to set default topology spread constraints for a cluster. Default
topology spread constraints are applied to a Pod if, and only if:
- It doesn't define any constraints in its `.spec.topologySpreadConstraints`.
- It belongs to a Service, ReplicaSet, StatefulSet or ReplicationController.
Default constraints can be set as part of the `PodTopologySpread` plugin
arguments in a [scheduling profile](/docs/reference/scheduling/config/#profiles).
The constraints are specified with the same [API above](#api), except that
`labelSelector` must be empty. The selectors are calculated from the Services,
ReplicaSets, StatefulSets or ReplicationControllers that the Pod belongs to.
An example configuration might look like follows:
```yaml
apiVersion: kubescheduler.config.k8s.io/v1beta3
kind: KubeSchedulerConfiguration
profiles:
- schedulerName: default-scheduler
pluginConfig:
- name: PodTopologySpread
args:
defaultConstraints:
- maxSkew: 1
topologyKey: topology.kubernetes.io/zone
whenUnsatisfiable: ScheduleAnyway
defaultingType: List
```
{{< note >}}
The [`SelectorSpread` plugin](/docs/reference/scheduling/config/#scheduling-plugins)
is disabled by default. The Kubernetes project recommends using `PodTopologySpread`
to achieve similar behavior.
{{< /note >}}
### Built-in default constraints {#internal-default-constraints}
{{< feature-state for_k8s_version="v1.24" state="stable" >}}
If you don't configure any cluster-level default constraints for pod topology spreading,
then kube-scheduler acts as if you specified the following default topology constraints:
```yaml
defaultConstraints:
- maxSkew: 3
topologyKey: "kubernetes.io/hostname"
whenUnsatisfiable: ScheduleAnyway
- maxSkew: 5
topologyKey: "topology.kubernetes.io/zone"
whenUnsatisfiable: ScheduleAnyway
```
Also, the legacy `SelectorSpread` plugin, which provides an equivalent behavior,
is disabled by default.
{{< note >}}
The `PodTopologySpread` plugin does not score the nodes that don't have
the topology keys specified in the spreading constraints. This might result
in a different default behavior compared to the legacy `SelectorSpread` plugin when
using the default topology constraints.
If your nodes are not expected to have **both** `kubernetes.io/hostname` and
`topology.kubernetes.io/zone` labels set, define your own constraints
instead of using the Kubernetes defaults.
{{< /note >}}
If you don't want to use the default Pod spreading constraints for your cluster,
you can disable those defaults by setting `defaultingType` to `List` and leaving
empty `defaultConstraints` in the `PodTopologySpread` plugin configuration:
```yaml
apiVersion: kubescheduler.config.k8s.io/v1beta3
kind: KubeSchedulerConfiguration
profiles:
- schedulerName: default-scheduler
pluginConfig:
- name: PodTopologySpread
args:
defaultConstraints: []
defaultingType: List
```
## Comparison with podAffinity and podAntiAffinity {#comparison-with-podaffinity-podantiaffinity}
In Kubernetes, [inter-Pod affinity and anti-affinity](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/assign-pod-node/#inter-pod-affinity-and-anti-affinity)
control how Pods are scheduled in relation to one another - either more packed
or more scattered.
`podAffinity`
: attracts Pods; you can try to pack any number of Pods into qualifying
topology domain(s)
`podAntiAffinity`
: repels Pods. If you set this to `requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution` mode then
only a single Pod can be scheduled into a single topology domain; if you choose
`preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution` then you lose the ability to enforce the
constraint.
For finer control, you can specify topology spread constraints to distribute
Pods across different topology domains - to achieve either high availability or
cost-saving. This can also help on rolling update workloads and scaling out
replicas smoothly.
For more context, see the
[Motivation](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/tree/master/keps/sig-scheduling/895-pod-topology-spread#motivation)
section of the enhancement proposal about Pod topology spread constraints.
## Known limitations
- There's no guarantee that the constraints remain satisfied when Pods are removed. For
example, scaling down a Deployment may result in imbalanced Pods distribution.
You can use a tool such as the [Descheduler](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler)
to rebalance the Pods distribution.
- Pods matched on tainted nodes are respected.
See [Issue 80921](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/80921).
- The scheduler doesn't have prior knowledge of all the zones or other topology
domains that a cluster has. They are determined from the existing nodes in the
cluster. This could lead to a problem in autoscaled clusters, when a node pool (or
node group) is scaled to zero nodes, and you're expecting the cluster to scale up,
because, in this case, those topology domains won't be considered until there is
at least one node in them.
You can work around this by using an cluster autoscaling tool that is aware of
Pod topology spread constraints and is also aware of the overall set of topology
domains.
## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
- The blog article [Introducing PodTopologySpread](/blog/2020/05/introducing-podtopologyspread/)
explains `maxSkew` in some detail, as well as covering some advanced usage examples.
- Read the [scheduling](/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/workload-resources/pod-v1/#scheduling) section of
the API reference for Pod.
@@ -23,10 +23,11 @@ following diagram:
## Transport security
In a typical Kubernetes cluster, the API serves on port 443, protected by TLS.
By default, the Kubernetes API server listens on port 6443 on the first non-localhost network interface, protected by TLS. In a typical production Kubernetes cluster, the API serves on port 443. The port can be changed with the `--secure-port`, and the listening IP address with the `--bind-address` flag.
The API server presents a certificate. This certificate may be signed using
a private certificate authority (CA), or based on a public key infrastructure linked
to a generally recognized CA.
to a generally recognized CA. The certificate and corresponding private key can be set by using the `--tls-cert-file` and `--tls-private-key-file` flags.
If your cluster uses a private certificate authority, you need a copy of that CA
certificate configured into your `~/.kube/config` on the client, so that you can
@@ -137,34 +138,6 @@ The cluster audits the activities generated by users, by applications that use t
For more information, see [Auditing](/docs/tasks/debug/debug-cluster/audit/).
## API server ports and IPs
The previous discussion applies to requests sent to the secure port of the API server
(the typical case). The API server can actually serve on 2 ports:
By default, the Kubernetes API server serves HTTP on 2 ports:
1. `localhost` port:
- is intended for testing and bootstrap, and for other components of the master node
(scheduler, controller-manager) to talk to the API
- no TLS
- default is port 8080
- default IP is localhost, change with `--insecure-bind-address` flag.
- request **bypasses** authentication and authorization modules.
- request handled by admission control module(s).
- protected by need to have host access
2. “Secure port”:
- use whenever possible
- uses TLS. Set cert with `--tls-cert-file` and key with `--tls-private-key-file` flag.
- default is port 6443, change with `--secure-port` flag.
- default IP is first non-localhost network interface, change with `--bind-address` flag.
- request handled by authentication and authorization modules.
- request handled by admission control module(s).
- authentication and authorization modules run.
## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
Read more documentation on authentication, authorization and API access control:
@@ -214,6 +214,9 @@ controller selects policies according to the following criteria:
2. If the pod must be defaulted or mutated, the first PodSecurityPolicy
(ordered by name) to allow the pod is selected.
When a Pod is validated against a PodSecurityPolicy, [a `kubernetes.io/psp` annotation](/docs/reference/labels-annotations-taints/#kubernetes-io-psp)
is added to the Pod, with the name of the PodSecurityPolicy as the annotation value.
{{< note >}}
During update operations (during which mutations to pod specs are disallowed)
only non-mutating PodSecurityPolicies are used to validate the pod.
@@ -245,8 +248,7 @@ alias kubectl-user='kubectl --as=system:serviceaccount:psp-example:fake-user -n
### Create a policy and a pod
Define the example PodSecurityPolicy object in a file. This is a policy that
prevents the creation of privileged pods.
This is a policy that prevents the creation of privileged pods.
The name of a PodSecurityPolicy object must be a valid
[DNS subdomain name](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/names#dns-subdomain-names).
@@ -255,7 +257,7 @@ The name of a PodSecurityPolicy object must be a valid
And create it with kubectl:
```shell
kubectl-admin create -f example-psp.yaml
kubectl-admin create -f https://k8s.io/examples/policy/example-psp.yaml
```
Now, as the unprivileged user, try to create a simple pod:
@@ -284,6 +286,11 @@ pod's service account nor `fake-user` have permission to use the new policy:
```shell
kubectl-user auth can-i use podsecuritypolicy/example
```
The output is similar to this:
```
no
```
@@ -300,14 +307,27 @@ kubectl-admin create role psp:unprivileged \
--verb=use \
--resource=podsecuritypolicy \
--resource-name=example
role "psp:unprivileged" created
```
```
role "psp:unprivileged" created
```
```shell
kubectl-admin create rolebinding fake-user:psp:unprivileged \
--role=psp:unprivileged \
--serviceaccount=psp-example:fake-user
rolebinding "fake-user:psp:unprivileged" created
```
```
rolebinding "fake-user:psp:unprivileged" created
```
```shell
kubectl-user auth can-i use podsecuritypolicy/example
```
```
yes
```
@@ -332,7 +352,20 @@ The output is similar to this
pod "pause" created
```
It works as expected! But any attempts to create a privileged pod should still
It works as expected! You can verify that the pod was validated against the
newly created PodSecurityPolicy:
```shell
kubectl-user get pod pause -o yaml | grep kubernetes.io/psp
```
The output is similar to this
```
kubernetes.io/psp: example
```
But any attempts to create a privileged pod should still
be denied:
```shell
@@ -462,11 +462,11 @@ of individual policies are not defined here.
{{% thirdparty-content %}}
Other alternatives for enforcing policies are being developed in the Kubernetes ecosystem, such as:
- [Kubewarden](https://github.com/kubewarden)
- [Kyverno](https://kyverno.io/policies/pod-security/)
- [OPA Gatekeeper](https://github.com/open-policy-agent/gatekeeper)
## FAQ
### Why isn't there a profile between privileged and baseline?
@@ -493,9 +493,9 @@ built-in [Pod Security Admission Controller](/docs/concepts/security/pod-securit
### What profiles should I apply to my Windows Pods?
Windows in Kubernetes has some limitations and differentiators from standard Linux-based
workloads. Specifically, many of the Pod SecurityContext fields [have no effect on
Windows](/docs/setup/production-environment/windows/intro-windows-in-kubernetes/#v1-podsecuritycontext). As
such, no standardized Pod Security profiles currently exist.
workloads. Specifically, many of the Pod SecurityContext fields
[have no effect on Windows](/docs/concepts/windows/intro/#compatibility-v1-pod-spec-containers-securitycontext).
As such, no standardized Pod Security profiles currently exist.
If you apply the restricted profile for a Windows pod, this **may** have an impact on the pod
at runtime. The restricted profile requires enforcing Linux-specific restrictions (such as seccomp
@@ -504,7 +504,9 @@ these Linux-specific values, then the Windows pod should still work normally wit
profile. However, the lack of enforcement means that there is no additional restriction, for Pods
that use Windows containers, compared to the baseline profile.
The use of the HostProcess flag to create a HostProcess pod should only be done in alignment with the privileged policy. Creation of a Windows HostProcess pod is blocked under the baseline and restricted policies, so any HostProcess pod should be considered privileged.
The use of the HostProcess flag to create a HostProcess pod should only be done in alignment with the privileged policy.
Creation of a Windows HostProcess pod is blocked under the baseline and restricted policies,
so any HostProcess pod should be considered privileged.
### What about sandboxed Pods?
@@ -518,3 +520,4 @@ kernel. This allows for workloads requiring heightened permissions to still be i
Additionally, the protection of sandboxed workloads is highly dependent on the method of
sandboxing. As such, no single recommended profile is recommended for all sandboxed workloads.
@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@ execute their roles. It is important to ensure that, when designing permissions
users, the cluster administrator understands the areas where privilge escalation could occur,
to reduce the risk of excessive access leading to security incidents.
The good practices laid out here should be read in conjunction with the general [RBAC documentation](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/rbac/#restrictions-on-role-creation-or-update).
The good practices laid out here should be read in conjunction with the general
[RBAC documentation](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/rbac/#restrictions-on-role-creation-or-update).
<!-- body -->
@@ -34,7 +35,8 @@ some general rules that can be applied are :
not just to all object types presently in the cluster, but also to all future object types
which are created in the future.
- Administrators should not use `cluster-admin` accounts except where specifically needed.
Providing a low privileged account with [impersonation rights](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/authentication/#user-impersonation)
Providing a low privileged account with
[impersonation rights](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/authentication/#user-impersonation)
can avoid accidental modification of cluster resources.
- Avoid adding users to the `system:masters` group. Any user who is a member of this group
bypasses all RBAC rights checks and will always have unrestricted superuser access, which cannot be
@@ -44,15 +46,17 @@ some general rules that can be applied are :
### Minimize distribution of privileged tokens
Ideally, pods shouldn't be assigned service accounts that have been granted powerful permissions (for example, any of the rights listed under
[privilege escalation risks](#privilege-escalation-risks)).
Ideally, pods shouldn't be assigned service accounts that have been granted powerful permissions
(for example, any of the rights listed under [privilege escalation risks](#privilege-escalation-risks)).
In cases where a workload requires powerful permissions, consider the following practices:
- Limit the number of nodes running powerful pods. Ensure that any DaemonSets you run
are necessary and are run with least privilege to limit the blast radius of container escapes.
- Avoid running powerful pods alongside untrusted or publicly-exposed ones. Consider using
[Taints and Toleration](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/taint-and-toleration/), [NodeAffinity](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/assign-pod-node/#node-affinity), or [PodAntiAffinity](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/assign-pod-node/#inter-pod-affinity-and-anti-affinity) to ensure
pods don't run alongside untrusted or less-trusted Pods. Pay especial attention to
[Taints and Toleration](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/taint-and-toleration/),
[NodeAffinity](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/assign-pod-node/#node-affinity), or
[PodAntiAffinity](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/assign-pod-node/#inter-pod-affinity-and-anti-affinity)
to ensure pods don't run alongside untrusted or less-trusted Pods. Pay especial attention to
situations where less-trustworthy Pods are not meeting the **Restricted** Pod Security Standard.
### Hardening
@@ -107,7 +111,7 @@ with the ability to create suitably secure and isolated Pods, you should enforce
You can use [Pod Security admission](/docs/concepts/security/pod-security-admission/)
or other (third party) mechanisms to implement that enforcement.
You can also use the deprecated [PodSecurityPolicy](/docs/concepts/policy/pod-security-policy/) mechanism
You can also use the deprecated [PodSecurityPolicy](/docs/concepts/security/pod-security-policy/) mechanism
to restrict users' abilities to create privileged Pods (N.B. PodSecurityPolicy is scheduled for removal
in version 1.25).
@@ -117,7 +121,9 @@ Secrets they would not have through RBAC directly.
### Persistent volume creation
As noted in the [PodSecurityPolicy](/docs/concepts/policy/pod-security-policy/#volumes-and-file-systems) documentation, access to create PersistentVolumes can allow for escalation of access to the underlying host. Where access to persistent storage is required trusted administrators should create
As noted in the [PodSecurityPolicy](/docs/concepts/security/pod-security-policy/#volumes-and-file-systems)
documentation, access to create PersistentVolumes can allow for escalation of access to the underlying host.
Where access to persistent storage is required trusted administrators should create
PersistentVolumes, and constrained users should use PersistentVolumeClaims to access that storage.
### Access to `proxy` subresource of Nodes
@@ -130,7 +136,8 @@ granting rights to this resource.
### Escalate verb
Generally the RBAC system prevents users from creating clusterroles with more rights than
they possess. The exception to this is the `escalate` verb. As noted in the [RBAC documentation](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/rbac/#restrictions-on-role-creation-or-update),
they possess. The exception to this is the `escalate` verb. As noted in the
[RBAC documentation](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/rbac/#restrictions-on-role-creation-or-update),
users with this right can effectively escalate their privileges.
### Bind verb
@@ -173,8 +180,11 @@ objects to create a denial of service condition either based on the size or numb
specifically relevant in multi-tenant clusters if semi-trusted or untrusted users
are allowed limited access to a system.
One option for mitigation of this issue would be to use [resource quotas](/docs/concepts/policy/resource-quotas/#object-count-quota)
One option for mitigation of this issue would be to use
[resource quotas](/docs/concepts/policy/resource-quotas/#object-count-quota)
to limit the quantity of objects which can be created.
## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
* To learn more about RBAC, see the [RBAC documentation](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/rbac/).
@@ -22,34 +22,41 @@ storage (as compared to using tmpfs / in-memory filesystems on Linux). As a clus
operator, you should take both of the following additional measures:
1. Use file ACLs to secure the Secrets' file location.
1. Apply volume-level encryption using [BitLocker](https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/security/information-protection/bitlocker/bitlocker-how-to-deploy-on-windows-server).
1. Apply volume-level encryption using
[BitLocker](https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/security/information-protection/bitlocker/bitlocker-how-to-deploy-on-windows-server).
## Container users
[RunAsUsername](/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-runasusername)
can be specified for Windows Pods or containers to execute the container
processes as specific user. This is roughly equivalent to
[RunAsUser](/docs/concepts/policy/pod-security-policy/#users-and-groups).
[RunAsUser](/docs/concepts/security/pod-security-policy/#users-and-groups).
Windows containers offer two default user accounts, ContainerUser and ContainerAdministrator.
The differences between these two user accounts are covered in
[When to use ContainerAdmin and ContainerUser user accounts](https://docs.microsoft.com/virtualization/windowscontainers/manage-containers/container-security#when-to-use-containeradmin-and-containeruser-user-accounts) within Microsoft's _Secure Windows containers_ documentation.
[When to use ContainerAdmin and ContainerUser user accounts](https://docs.microsoft.com/virtualization/windowscontainers/manage-containers/container-security#when-to-use-containeradmin-and-containeruser-user-accounts)
within Microsoft's _Secure Windows containers_ documentation.
Local users can be added to container images during the container build process.
{{< note >}}
* [Nano Server](https://hub.docker.com/_/microsoft-windows-nanoserver) based images run as `ContainerUser` by default
* [Server Core](https://hub.docker.com/_/microsoft-windows-servercore) based images run as `ContainerAdministrator` by default
* [Nano Server](https://hub.docker.com/_/microsoft-windows-nanoserver) based images run as
`ContainerUser` by default
* [Server Core](https://hub.docker.com/_/microsoft-windows-servercore) based images run as
`ContainerAdministrator` by default
{{< /note >}}
Windows containers can also run as Active Directory identities by utilizing [Group Managed Service Accounts](/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-gmsa/)
Windows containers can also run as Active Directory identities by utilizing
[Group Managed Service Accounts](/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-gmsa/)
## Pod-level security isolation
Linux-specific pod security context mechanisms (such as SELinux, AppArmor, Seccomp, or custom
POSIX capabilities) are not supported on Windows nodes.
Privileged containers are [not supported](/docs/concepts/windows/intro/#compatibility-v1-pod-spec-containers-securitycontext) on Windows.
Instead [HostProcess containers](/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/create-hostprocess-pod) can be used on Windows to perform many of the tasks performed by privileged containers on Linux.
Privileged containers are [not supported](/docs/concepts/windows/intro/#compatibility-v1-pod-spec-containers-securitycontext)
on Windows.
Instead [HostProcess containers](/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/create-hostprocess-pod)
can be used on Windows to perform many of the tasks performed by privileged containers on Linux.
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack on your Kubernetes cluster provides the following features:
The following prerequisites are needed in order to utilize IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack Kubernetes clusters:
* Kubernetes 1.20 or later
* Kubernetes 1.20 or later
For information about using dual-stack services with earlier
Kubernetes versions, refer to the documentation for that version
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ set the `.spec.ipFamilyPolicy` field to one of the following values:
If you would like to define which IP family to use for single stack or define the order of IP
families for dual-stack, you can choose the address families by setting an optional field,
`.spec.ipFamilies`, on the Service.
`.spec.ipFamilies`, on the Service.
{{< note >}}
The `.spec.ipFamilies` field is immutable because the `.spec.ClusterIP` cannot be reallocated on a
@@ -133,11 +133,11 @@ These examples demonstrate the behavior of various dual-stack Service configurat
address assignments. The field `.spec.ClusterIPs` is the primary field, and contains both assigned
IP addresses; `.spec.ClusterIP` is a secondary field with its value calculated from
`.spec.ClusterIPs`.
* For the `.spec.ClusterIP` field, the control plane records the IP address that is from the
same address family as the first service cluster IP range.
same address family as the first service cluster IP range.
* On a single-stack cluster, the `.spec.ClusterIPs` and `.spec.ClusterIP` fields both only list
one address.
one address.
* On a cluster with dual-stack enabled, specifying `RequireDualStack` in `.spec.ipFamilyPolicy`
behaves the same as `PreferDualStack`.
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ dual-stack.)
kind: Service
metadata:
labels:
app: MyApp
app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
name: my-service
spec:
clusterIP: 10.0.197.123
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ dual-stack.)
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 80
selector:
app: MyApp
app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
type: ClusterIP
status:
loadBalancer: {}
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ dual-stack.)
kind: Service
metadata:
labels:
app: MyApp
app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
name: my-service
spec:
clusterIP: None
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ dual-stack.)
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 80
selector:
app: MyApp
app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
```
#### Switching Services between single-stack and dual-stack
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ metadata:
name: my-service
spec:
selector:
app: MyApp
app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 80
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ The name of a Service object must be a valid
[RFC 1035 label name](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/names#rfc-1035-label-names).
For example, suppose you have a set of Pods where each listens on TCP port 9376
and contains a label `app=MyApp`:
and contains a label `app.kubernetes.io/name=MyApp`:
```yaml
apiVersion: v1
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ metadata:
name: my-service
spec:
selector:
app: MyApp
app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 80
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ spec:
```
This specification creates a new Service object named "my-service", which
targets TCP port 9376 on any Pod with the `app=MyApp` label.
targets TCP port 9376 on any Pod with the `app.kubernetes.io/name=MyApp` label.
Kubernetes assigns this Service an IP address (sometimes called the "cluster IP"),
which is used by the Service proxies
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ spec:
ports:
- containerPort: 80
name: http-web-svc
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
@@ -144,9 +144,9 @@ spec:
This works even if there is a mixture of Pods in the Service using a single
configured name, with the same network protocol available via different
port numbers. This offers a lot of flexibility for deploying and evolving
your Services. For example, you can change the port numbers that Pods expose
configured name, with the same network protocol available via different
port numbers. This offers a lot of flexibility for deploying and evolving
your Services. For example, you can change the port numbers that Pods expose
in the next version of your backend software, without breaking clients.
The default protocol for Services is TCP; you can also use any other
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ Each port definition can have the same `protocol`, or a different one.
### Services without selectors
Services most commonly abstract access to Kubernetes Pods thanks to the selector,
but when used with a corresponding Endpoints object and without a selector, the Service can abstract other kinds of backends,
but when used with a corresponding Endpoints object and without a selector, the Service can abstract other kinds of backends,
including ones that run outside the cluster. For example:
* You want to have an external database cluster in production, but in your
@@ -222,10 +222,10 @@ In the example above, traffic is routed to the single endpoint defined in
the YAML: `192.0.2.42:9376` (TCP).
{{< note >}}
The Kubernetes API server does not allow proxying to endpoints that are not mapped to
pods. Actions such as `kubectl proxy <service-name>` where the service has no
selector will fail due to this constraint. This prevents the Kubernetes API server
from being used as a proxy to endpoints the caller may not be authorized to access.
The Kubernetes API server does not allow proxying to endpoints that are not mapped to
pods. Actions such as `kubectl proxy <service-name>` where the service has no
selector will fail due to this constraint. This prevents the Kubernetes API server
from being used as a proxy to endpoints the caller may not be authorized to access.
{{< /note >}}
An ExternalName Service is a special case of Service that does not have
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ There are a few reasons for using proxying for Services:
Later in this page you can read about various kube-proxy implementations work. Overall,
you should note that, when running `kube-proxy`, kernel level rules may be
modified (for example, iptables rules might get created), which won't get cleaned up,
modified (for example, iptables rules might get created), which won't get cleaned up,
in some cases until you reboot. Thus, running kube-proxy is something that should
only be done by an administrator which understands the consequences of having a
low level, privileged network proxying service on a computer. Although the `kube-proxy`
@@ -299,9 +299,14 @@ thus is only available to use as-is.
### Configuration
Note that the kube-proxy starts up in different modes, which are determined by its configuration.
- The kube-proxy's configuration is done via a ConfigMap, and the ConfigMap for kube-proxy effectively deprecates the behaviour for almost all of the flags for the kube-proxy.
- The kube-proxy's configuration is done via a ConfigMap, and the ConfigMap for kube-proxy
effectively deprecates the behaviour for almost all of the flags for the kube-proxy.
- The ConfigMap for the kube-proxy does not support live reloading of configuration.
- The ConfigMap parameters for the kube-proxy cannot all be validated and verified on startup. For example, if your operating system doesn't allow you to run iptables commands, the standard kernel kube-proxy implementation will not work. Likewise, if you have an operating system which doesn't support `netsh`, it will not run in Windows userspace mode.
- The ConfigMap parameters for the kube-proxy cannot all be validated and verified on startup.
For example, if your operating system doesn't allow you to run iptables commands,
the standard kernel kube-proxy implementation will not work.
Likewise, if you have an operating system which doesn't support `netsh`,
it will not run in Windows userspace mode.
### User space proxy mode {#proxy-mode-userspace}
@@ -418,7 +423,7 @@ metadata:
name: my-service
spec:
selector:
app: MyApp
app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
ports:
- name: http
protocol: TCP
@@ -492,7 +497,11 @@ variables and DNS.
### Environment variables
When a Pod is run on a Node, the kubelet adds a set of environment variables
for each active Service. It adds `{SVCNAME}_SERVICE_HOST` and `{SVCNAME}_SERVICE_PORT` variables, where the Service name is upper-cased and dashes are converted to underscores. It also supports variables (see [makeLinkVariables](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/dd2d12f6dc0e654c15d5db57a5f9f6ba61192726/pkg/kubelet/envvars/envvars.go#L72)) that are compatible with Docker Engine's "_[legacy container links](https://docs.docker.com/network/links/)_" feature.
for each active Service. It adds `{SVCNAME}_SERVICE_HOST` and `{SVCNAME}_SERVICE_PORT` variables,
where the Service name is upper-cased and dashes are converted to underscores.
It also supports variables (see [makeLinkVariables](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/dd2d12f6dc0e654c15d5db57a5f9f6ba61192726/pkg/kubelet/envvars/envvars.go#L72))
that are compatible with Docker Engine's
"_[legacy container links](https://docs.docker.com/network/links/)_" feature.
For example, the Service `redis-master` which exposes TCP port 6379 and has been
allocated cluster IP address 10.0.0.11, produces the following environment
@@ -604,8 +613,10 @@ The default is `ClusterIP`.
to use the `ExternalName` type.
{{< /note >}}
You can also use [Ingress](/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress/) to expose your Service. Ingress is not a Service type, but it acts as the entry point for your cluster. It lets you consolidate your routing rules
into a single resource as it can expose multiple services under the same IP address.
You can also use [Ingress](/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress/) to expose your Service.
Ingress is not a Service type, but it acts as the entry point for your cluster.
It lets you consolidate your routing rules into a single resource as it can expose multiple
services under the same IP address.
### Type NodePort {#type-nodeport}
@@ -620,9 +631,14 @@ field of the
[kube-proxy configuration file](/docs/reference/config-api/kube-proxy-config.v1alpha1/)
to particular IP block(s).
This flag takes a comma-delimited list of IP blocks (e.g. `10.0.0.0/8`, `192.0.2.0/25`) to specify IP address ranges that kube-proxy should consider as local to this node.
This flag takes a comma-delimited list of IP blocks (e.g. `10.0.0.0/8`, `192.0.2.0/25`)
to specify IP address ranges that kube-proxy should consider as local to this node.
For example, if you start kube-proxy with the `--nodeport-addresses=127.0.0.0/8` flag, kube-proxy only selects the loopback interface for NodePort Services. The default for `--nodeport-addresses` is an empty list. This means that kube-proxy should consider all available network interfaces for NodePort. (That's also compatible with earlier Kubernetes releases).
For example, if you start kube-proxy with the `--nodeport-addresses=127.0.0.0/8` flag,
kube-proxy only selects the loopback interface for NodePort Services.
The default for `--nodeport-addresses` is an empty list.
his means that kube-proxy should consider all available network interfaces for NodePort.
(That's also compatible with earlier Kubernetes releases).
If you want a specific port number, you can specify a value in the `nodePort`
field. The control plane will either allocate you that port or report that
@@ -650,7 +666,7 @@ metadata:
spec:
type: NodePort
selector:
app: MyApp
app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
ports:
# By default and for convenience, the `targetPort` is set to the same value as the `port` field.
- port: 80
@@ -676,7 +692,7 @@ metadata:
name: my-service
spec:
selector:
app: MyApp
app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 80
@@ -689,7 +705,8 @@ status:
- ip: 192.0.2.127
```
Traffic from the external load balancer is directed at the backend Pods. The cloud provider decides how it is load balanced.
Traffic from the external load balancer is directed at the backend Pods.
The cloud provider decides how it is load balanced.
Some cloud providers allow you to specify the `loadBalancerIP`. In those cases, the load-balancer is created
with the user-specified `loadBalancerIP`. If the `loadBalancerIP` field is not specified,
@@ -704,7 +721,11 @@ to create a static type public IP address resource. This public IP address resou
be in the same resource group of the other automatically created resources of the cluster.
For example, `MC_myResourceGroup_myAKSCluster_eastus`.
Specify the assigned IP address as loadBalancerIP. Ensure that you have updated the securityGroupName in the cloud provider configuration file. For information about troubleshooting `CreatingLoadBalancerFailed` permission issues see, [Use a static IP address with the Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) load balancer](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/aks/static-ip) or [CreatingLoadBalancerFailed on AKS cluster with advanced networking](https://github.com/Azure/AKS/issues/357).
Specify the assigned IP address as loadBalancerIP. Ensure that you have updated the
`securityGroupName` in the cloud provider configuration file.
For information about troubleshooting `CreatingLoadBalancerFailed` permission issues see,
[Use a static IP address with the Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) load balancer](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/aks/static-ip)
or [CreatingLoadBalancerFailed on AKS cluster with advanced networking](https://github.com/Azure/AKS/issues/357).
{{< /note >}}
@@ -744,13 +765,13 @@ You must explicitly remove the `nodePorts` entry in every Service port to de-all
`spec.loadBalancerClass` enables you to use a load balancer implementation other than the cloud provider default.
By default, `spec.loadBalancerClass` is `nil` and a `LoadBalancer` type of Service uses
the cloud provider's default load balancer implementation if the cluster is configured with
a cloud provider using the `--cloud-provider` component flag.
a cloud provider using the `--cloud-provider` component flag.
If `spec.loadBalancerClass` is specified, it is assumed that a load balancer
implementation that matches the specified class is watching for Services.
Any default load balancer implementation (for example, the one provided by
the cloud provider) will ignore Services that have this field set.
`spec.loadBalancerClass` can be set on a Service of type `LoadBalancer` only.
Once set, it cannot be changed.
Once set, it cannot be changed.
The value of `spec.loadBalancerClass` must be a label-style identifier,
with an optional prefix such as "`internal-vip`" or "`example.com/internal-vip`".
Unprefixed names are reserved for end-users.
@@ -760,7 +781,8 @@ Unprefixed names are reserved for end-users.
In a mixed environment it is sometimes necessary to route traffic from Services inside the same
(virtual) network address block.
In a split-horizon DNS environment you would need two Services to be able to route both external and internal traffic to your endpoints.
In a split-horizon DNS environment you would need two Services to be able to route both external
and internal traffic to your endpoints.
To set an internal load balancer, add one of the following annotations to your Service
depending on the cloud Service provider you're using.
@@ -925,7 +947,9 @@ you can use the following annotations:
In the above example, if the Service contained three ports, `80`, `443`, and
`8443`, then `443` and `8443` would use the SSL certificate, but `80` would be proxied HTTP.
From Kubernetes v1.9 onwards you can use [predefined AWS SSL policies](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/elasticloadbalancing/latest/classic/elb-security-policy-table.html) with HTTPS or SSL listeners for your Services.
From Kubernetes v1.9 onwards you can use
[predefined AWS SSL policies](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/elasticloadbalancing/latest/classic/elb-security-policy-table.html)
with HTTPS or SSL listeners for your Services.
To see which policies are available for use, you can use the `aws` command line tool:
```bash
@@ -981,14 +1005,17 @@ specifies the logical hierarchy you created for your Amazon S3 bucket.
metadata:
name: my-service
annotations:
service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-access-log-enabled: "true"
# Specifies whether access logs are enabled for the load balancer
service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-access-log-emit-interval: "60"
service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-access-log-enabled: "true"
# The interval for publishing the access logs. You can specify an interval of either 5 or 60 (minutes).
service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-access-log-s3-bucket-name: "my-bucket"
service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-access-log-emit-interval: "60"
# The name of the Amazon S3 bucket where the access logs are stored
service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-access-log-s3-bucket-prefix: "my-bucket-prefix/prod"
service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-access-log-s3-bucket-name: "my-bucket"
# The logical hierarchy you created for your Amazon S3 bucket, for example `my-bucket-prefix/prod`
service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-access-log-s3-bucket-prefix: "my-bucket-prefix/prod"
```
#### Connection Draining on AWS
@@ -997,7 +1024,8 @@ Connection draining for Classic ELBs can be managed with the annotation
`service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-connection-draining-enabled` set
to the value of `"true"`. The annotation
`service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-connection-draining-timeout` can
also be used to set maximum time, in seconds, to keep the existing connections open before deregistering the instances.
also be used to set maximum time, in seconds, to keep the existing connections open before
deregistering the instances.
```yaml
metadata:
@@ -1015,50 +1043,56 @@ There are other annotations to manage Classic Elastic Load Balancers that are de
metadata:
name: my-service
annotations:
# The time, in seconds, that the connection is allowed to be idle (no data has been sent
# over the connection) before it is closed by the load balancer
service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-connection-idle-timeout: "60"
# The time, in seconds, that the connection is allowed to be idle (no data has been sent over the connection) before it is closed by the load balancer
service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-cross-zone-load-balancing-enabled: "true"
# Specifies whether cross-zone load balancing is enabled for the load balancer
service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-cross-zone-load-balancing-enabled: "true"
service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-additional-resource-tags: "environment=prod,owner=devops"
# A comma-separated list of key-value pairs which will be recorded as
# additional tags in the ELB.
service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-additional-resource-tags: "environment=prod,owner=devops"
service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-healthcheck-healthy-threshold: ""
# The number of successive successful health checks required for a backend to
# be considered healthy for traffic. Defaults to 2, must be between 2 and 10
service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-healthcheck-healthy-threshold: ""
service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-healthcheck-unhealthy-threshold: "3"
# The number of unsuccessful health checks required for a backend to be
# considered unhealthy for traffic. Defaults to 6, must be between 2 and 10
service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-healthcheck-unhealthy-threshold: "3"
service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-healthcheck-interval: "20"
# The approximate interval, in seconds, between health checks of an
# individual instance. Defaults to 10, must be between 5 and 300
service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-healthcheck-interval: "20"
service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-healthcheck-timeout: "5"
# The amount of time, in seconds, during which no response means a failed
# health check. This value must be less than the service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-healthcheck-interval
# value. Defaults to 5, must be between 2 and 60
service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-healthcheck-timeout: "5"
service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-security-groups: "sg-53fae93f"
# A list of existing security groups to be configured on the ELB created. Unlike the annotation
# service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-extra-security-groups, this replaces all other security groups previously assigned to the ELB and also overrides the creation
# service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-extra-security-groups, this replaces all other
# security groups previously assigned to the ELB and also overrides the creation
# of a uniquely generated security group for this ELB.
# The first security group ID on this list is used as a source to permit incoming traffic to target worker nodes (service traffic and health checks).
# If multiple ELBs are configured with the same security group ID, only a single permit line will be added to the worker node security groups, that means if you delete any
# The first security group ID on this list is used as a source to permit incoming traffic to
# target worker nodes (service traffic and health checks).
# If multiple ELBs are configured with the same security group ID, only a single permit line
# will be added to the worker node security groups, that means if you delete any
# of those ELBs it will remove the single permit line and block access for all ELBs that shared the same security group ID.
# This can cause a cross-service outage if not used properly
service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-security-groups: "sg-53fae93f"
# A list of additional security groups to be added to the created ELB, this leaves the uniquely
# generated security group in place, this ensures that every ELB
# has a unique security group ID and a matching permit line to allow traffic to the target worker nodes
# (service traffic and health checks).
# Security groups defined here can be shared between services.
service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-extra-security-groups: "sg-53fae93f,sg-42efd82e"
# A list of additional security groups to be added to the created ELB, this leaves the uniquely generated security group in place, this ensures that every ELB
# has a unique security group ID and a matching permit line to allow traffic to the target worker nodes (service traffic and health checks).
# Security groups defined here can be shared between services.
service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-target-node-labels: "ingress-gw,gw-name=public-api"
# A comma separated list of key-value pairs which are used
# to select the target nodes for the load balancer
service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-target-node-labels: "ingress-gw,gw-name=public-api"
```
#### Network Load Balancer support on AWS {#aws-nlb-support}
@@ -1075,7 +1109,8 @@ To use a Network Load Balancer on AWS, use the annotation `service.beta.kubernet
```
{{< note >}}
NLB only works with certain instance classes; see the [AWS documentation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/elasticloadbalancing/latest/network/target-group-register-targets.html#register-deregister-targets)
NLB only works with certain instance classes; see the
[AWS documentation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/elasticloadbalancing/latest/network/target-group-register-targets.html#register-deregister-targets)
on Elastic Load Balancing for a list of supported instance types.
{{< /note >}}
@@ -1182,7 +1217,8 @@ spec:
```
{{< note >}}
ExternalName accepts an IPv4 address string, but as a DNS name comprised of digits, not as an IP address. ExternalNames that resemble IPv4 addresses are not resolved by CoreDNS or ingress-nginx because ExternalName
ExternalName accepts an IPv4 address string, but as a DNS name comprised of digits, not as an IP address.
ExternalNames that resemble IPv4 addresses are not resolved by CoreDNS or ingress-nginx because ExternalName
is intended to specify a canonical DNS name. To hardcode an IP address, consider using
[headless Services](#headless-services).
{{< /note >}}
@@ -1196,9 +1232,13 @@ can start its Pods, add appropriate selectors or endpoints, and change the
Service's `type`.
{{< warning >}}
You may have trouble using ExternalName for some common protocols, including HTTP and HTTPS. If you use ExternalName then the hostname used by clients inside your cluster is different from the name that the ExternalName references.
You may have trouble using ExternalName for some common protocols, including HTTP and HTTPS.
If you use ExternalName then the hostname used by clients inside your cluster is different from
the name that the ExternalName references.
For protocols that use hostnames this difference may lead to errors or unexpected responses. HTTP requests will have a `Host:` header that the origin server does not recognize; TLS servers will not be able to provide a certificate matching the hostname that the client connected to.
For protocols that use hostnames this difference may lead to errors or unexpected responses.
HTTP requests will have a `Host:` header that the origin server does not recognize;
TLS servers will not be able to provide a certificate matching the hostname that the client connected to.
{{< /warning >}}
{{< note >}}
@@ -1223,7 +1263,7 @@ metadata:
name: my-service
spec:
selector:
app: MyApp
app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
ports:
- name: http
protocol: TCP
@@ -1357,12 +1397,15 @@ through a load-balancer, though in those cases the client IP does get altered.
#### IPVS
iptables operations slow down dramatically in large scale cluster e.g 10,000 Services.
IPVS is designed for load balancing and based on in-kernel hash tables. So you can achieve performance consistency in large number of Services from IPVS-based kube-proxy. Meanwhile, IPVS-based kube-proxy has more sophisticated load balancing algorithms (least conns, locality, weighted, persistence).
IPVS is designed for load balancing and based on in-kernel hash tables.
So you can achieve performance consistency in large number of Services from IPVS-based kube-proxy.
Meanwhile, IPVS-based kube-proxy has more sophisticated load balancing algorithms
(least conns, locality, weighted, persistence).
## API Object
Service is a top-level resource in the Kubernetes REST API. You can find more details
about the API object at: [Service API object](/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/{{< param "version" >}}/#service-v1-core).
about the [Service API object](/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/{{< param "version" >}}/#service-v1-core).
## Supported protocols {#protocol-support}
@@ -1388,7 +1431,8 @@ provider offering this facility. (Most do not).
##### Support for multihomed SCTP associations {#caveat-sctp-multihomed}
{{< warning >}}
The support of multihomed SCTP associations requires that the CNI plugin can support the assignment of multiple interfaces and IP addresses to a Pod.
The support of multihomed SCTP associations requires that the CNI plugin can support the
assignment of multiple interfaces and IP addresses to a Pod.
NAT for multihomed SCTP associations requires special logic in the corresponding kernel modules.
{{< /warning >}}
@@ -76,8 +76,8 @@ is managed by kubelet, or injecting different data.
{{< feature-state for_k8s_version="v1.16" state="beta" >}}
This feature requires the `CSIInlineVolume` [feature gate](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/) to be enabled. It
is enabled by default starting with Kubernetes 1.16.
This feature requires the `CSIInlineVolume` [feature gate](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/)
to be enabled. It is enabled by default starting with Kubernetes 1.16.
{{< note >}}
CSI ephemeral volumes are only supported by a subset of CSI drivers.
@@ -136,8 +136,11 @@ should not be exposed to users through the use of inline ephemeral volumes.
Cluster administrators who need to restrict the CSI drivers that are
allowed to be used as inline volumes within a Pod spec may do so by:
- Removing `Ephemeral` from `volumeLifecycleModes` in the CSIDriver spec, which prevents the driver from being used as an inline ephemeral volume.
- Using an [admission webhook](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/extensible-admission-controllers/) to restrict how this driver is used.
- Removing `Ephemeral` from `volumeLifecycleModes` in the CSIDriver spec, which prevents the
driver from being used as an inline ephemeral volume.
- Using an [admission webhook](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/extensible-admission-controllers/)
to restrict how this driver is used.
### Generic ephemeral volumes
@@ -207,7 +210,7 @@ because then the scheduler is free to choose a suitable node for
the Pod. With immediate binding, the scheduler is forced to select a node that has
access to the volume once it is available.
In terms of [resource ownership](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/garbage-collection/#owners-dependents),
In terms of [resource ownership](/docs/concepts/architecture/garbage-collection/#owners-dependents),
a Pod that has generic ephemeral storage is the owner of the PersistentVolumeClaim(s)
that provide that ephemeral storage. When the Pod is deleted,
the Kubernetes garbage collector deletes the PVC, which then usually
@@ -252,10 +255,11 @@ Enabling the GenericEphemeralVolume feature allows users to create
PVCs indirectly if they can create Pods, even if they do not have
permission to create PVCs directly. Cluster administrators must be
aware of this. If this does not fit their security model, they should
use an [admission webhook](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/extensible-admission-controllers/) that rejects objects like Pods that have a generic ephemeral volume.
use an [admission webhook](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/extensible-admission-controllers/)
that rejects objects like Pods that have a generic ephemeral volume.
The normal [namespace quota for PVCs](/docs/concepts/policy/resource-quotas/#storage-resource-quota) still applies, so
even if users are allowed to use this new mechanism, they cannot use
The normal [namespace quota for PVCs](/docs/concepts/policy/resource-quotas/#storage-resource-quota)
still applies, so even if users are allowed to use this new mechanism, they cannot use
it to circumvent other policies.
## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
@@ -266,11 +270,13 @@ See [local ephemeral storage](/docs/concepts/configuration/manage-resources-cont
### CSI ephemeral volumes
- For more information on the design, see the [Ephemeral Inline CSI
volumes KEP](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/blob/ad6021b3d61a49040a3f835e12c8bb5424db2bbb/keps/sig-storage/20190122-csi-inline-volumes.md).
- For more information on further development of this feature, see the [enhancement tracking issue #596](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/issues/596).
- For more information on the design, see the
[Ephemeral Inline CSI volumes KEP](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/blob/ad6021b3d61a49040a3f835e12c8bb5424db2bbb/keps/sig-storage/20190122-csi-inline-volumes.md).
- For more information on further development of this feature, see the
[enhancement tracking issue #596](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/issues/596).
### Generic ephemeral volumes
- For more information on the design, see the
[Generic ephemeral inline volumes KEP](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/blob/master/keps/sig-storage/1698-generic-ephemeral-volumes/README.md).
[Generic ephemeral inline volumes KEP](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/blob/master/keps/sig-storage/1698-generic-ephemeral-volumes/README.md).
@@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ If the access modes are specified as ReadWriteOncePod, the volume is constrained
| AzureFile | &#x2713; | &#x2713; | &#x2713; | - |
| AzureDisk | &#x2713; | - | - | - |
| CephFS | &#x2713; | &#x2713; | &#x2713; | - |
| Cinder | &#x2713; | - | - | - |
| Cinder | &#x2713; | - | ([if multi-attach volumes are available](https://github.com/kubernetes/cloud-provider-openstack/blob/master/docs/cinder-csi-plugin/features.md#multi-attach-volumes)) | - |
| CSI | depends on the driver | depends on the driver | depends on the driver | depends on the driver |
| FC | &#x2713; | &#x2713; | - | - |
| FlexVolume | &#x2713; | &#x2713; | depends on the driver | - |
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ volume mount will not receive updates for those volume sources.
## SecurityContext interactions
The [proposal](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/tree/master/keps/sig-storage/2451-service-account-token-volumes#proposal) for file permission handling in projected service account volume enhancement introduced the projected files having the the correct owner permissions set.
The [proposal](https://git.k8s.io/enhancements/keps/sig-storage/2451-service-account-token-volumes#proposal) for file permission handling in projected service account volume enhancement introduced the projected files having the correct owner permissions set.
### Linux
@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ into their own volume mount outside of `C:\`.
By default, the projected files will have the following ownership as shown for
an example projected volume file:
```powershell
PS C:\> Get-Acl C:\var\run\secrets\kubernetes.io\serviceaccount\..2021_08_31_22_22_18.318230061\ca.crt | Format-List
@@ -111,6 +112,7 @@ Access : NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM Allow FullControl
Audit :
Sddl : O:BAG:SYD:AI(A;ID;FA;;;SY)(A;ID;FA;;;BA)(A;ID;0x1200a9;;;BU)
```
This implies all administrator users like `ContainerAdministrator` will have
read, write and execute access while, non-administrator users will have read and
execute access.
+1 -1
View File
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ section refers to several key workload abstractions and how they map to Windows.
* CronJob
* ReplicationController
* {{< glossary_tooltip text="Services" term_id="service" >}}
See [Load balancing and Services](#load-balancing-and-services) for more details.
See [Load balancing and Services](/docs/concepts/services-networking/windows-networking/#load-balancing-and-services) for more details.
Pods, workload resources, and Services are critical elements to managing Windows
workloads on Kubernetes. However, on their own they are not enough to enable
@@ -105,12 +105,12 @@ port 80 of the container directly to the Service.
* Node-to-pod communication across the network, `curl` port 80 of your pod IPs from the Linux control plane node
to check for a web server response
* Pod-to-pod communication, ping between pods (and across hosts, if you have more than one Windows node)
using docker exec or kubectl exec
using `docker exec` or `kubectl exec`
* Service-to-pod communication, `curl` the virtual service IP (seen under `kubectl get services`)
from the Linux control plane node and from individual pods
* Service discovery, `curl` the service name with the Kubernetes [default DNS suffix](/docs/concepts/services-networking/dns-pod-service/#services)
* Inbound connectivity, `curl` the NodePort from the Linux control plane node or machines outside of the cluster
* Outbound connectivity, `curl` external IPs from inside the pod using kubectl exec
* Outbound connectivity, `curl` external IPs from inside the pod using `kubectl exec`
{{< note >}}
Windows container hosts are not able to access the IP of services scheduled on them due to current platform limitations of the Windows networking stack.
+1 -1
View File
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ visit [Configuration](/docs/concepts/configuration/).
There are two supporting concepts that provide backgrounds about how Kubernetes manages pods
for applications:
* [Garbage collection](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/garbage-collection/) tidies up objects
* [Garbage collection](/docs/concepts/architecture/garbage-collection/) tidies up objects
from your cluster after their _owning resource_ has been removed.
* The [_time-to-live after finished_ controller](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/ttlafterfinished/)
removes Jobs once a defined time has passed since they completed.
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ Pod Template:
job-name=pi
Containers:
pi:
Image: perl
Image: perl:5.34.0
Port: <none>
Host Port: <none>
Command:
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ spec:
- -Mbignum=bpi
- -wle
- print bpi(2000)
image: perl
image: perl:5.34.0
imagePullPolicy: Always
name: pi
resources: {}
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ spec:
spec:
containers:
- name: pi
image: perl
image: perl:5.34.0
command: ["perl", "-Mbignum=bpi", "-wle", "print bpi(2000)"]
restartPolicy: Never
```
@@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ spec:
spec:
containers:
- name: pi
image: perl
image: perl:5.34.0
command: ["perl", "-Mbignum=bpi", "-wle", "print bpi(2000)"]
restartPolicy: Never
```
@@ -13,9 +13,6 @@ weight: 20
A ReplicaSet's purpose is to maintain a stable set of replica Pods running at any given time. As such, it is often
used to guarantee the availability of a specified number of identical Pods.
<!-- body -->
## How a ReplicaSet works
@@ -26,14 +23,14 @@ it should create to meet the number of replicas criteria. A ReplicaSet then fulf
and deleting Pods as needed to reach the desired number. When a ReplicaSet needs to create new Pods, it uses its Pod
template.
A ReplicaSet is linked to its Pods via the Pods' [metadata.ownerReferences](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/garbage-collection/#owners-and-dependents)
A ReplicaSet is linked to its Pods via the Pods' [metadata.ownerReferences](/docs/concepts/architecture/garbage-collection/#owners-and-dependents)
field, which specifies what resource the current object is owned by. All Pods acquired by a ReplicaSet have their owning
ReplicaSet's identifying information within their ownerReferences field. It's through this link that the ReplicaSet
knows of the state of the Pods it is maintaining and plans accordingly.
A ReplicaSet identifies new Pods to acquire by using its selector. If there is a Pod that has no OwnerReference or the
OwnerReference is not a {{< glossary_tooltip term_id="controller" >}} and it matches a ReplicaSet's selector, it will be immediately acquired by said
ReplicaSet.
A ReplicaSet identifies new Pods to acquire by using its selector. If there is a Pod that has no
OwnerReference or the OwnerReference is not a {{< glossary_tooltip term_id="controller" >}} and it
matches a ReplicaSet's selector, it will be immediately acquired by said ReplicaSet.
## When to use a ReplicaSet
@@ -253,7 +250,9 @@ In the ReplicaSet, `.spec.template.metadata.labels` must match `spec.selector`,
be rejected by the API.
{{< note >}}
For 2 ReplicaSets specifying the same `.spec.selector` but different `.spec.template.metadata.labels` and `.spec.template.spec` fields, each ReplicaSet ignores the Pods created by the other ReplicaSet.
For 2 ReplicaSets specifying the same `.spec.selector` but different
`.spec.template.metadata.labels` and `.spec.template.spec` fields, each ReplicaSet ignores the
Pods created by the other ReplicaSet.
{{< /note >}}
### Replicas
@@ -267,11 +266,14 @@ If you do not specify `.spec.replicas`, then it defaults to 1.
### Deleting a ReplicaSet and its Pods
To delete a ReplicaSet and all of its Pods, use [`kubectl delete`](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands#delete). The [Garbage collector](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/garbage-collection/) automatically deletes all of the dependent Pods by default.
To delete a ReplicaSet and all of its Pods, use
[`kubectl delete`](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands#delete). The
[Garbage collector](/docs/concepts/architecture/garbage-collection/) automatically deletes all of
the dependent Pods by default.
When using the REST API or the `client-go` library, you must set `propagationPolicy` to
`Background` or `Foreground` in the `-d` option. For example:
When using the REST API or the `client-go` library, you must set `propagationPolicy` to `Background` or `Foreground` in
the -d option.
For example:
```shell
kubectl proxy --port=8080
curl -X DELETE 'localhost:8080/apis/apps/v1/namespaces/default/replicasets/frontend' \
@@ -281,9 +283,12 @@ curl -X DELETE 'localhost:8080/apis/apps/v1/namespaces/default/replicasets/fron
### Deleting just a ReplicaSet
You can delete a ReplicaSet without affecting any of its Pods using [`kubectl delete`](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands#delete) with the `--cascade=orphan` option.
You can delete a ReplicaSet without affecting any of its Pods using
[`kubectl delete`](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands#delete)
with the `--cascade=orphan` option.
When using the REST API or the `client-go` library, you must set `propagationPolicy` to `Orphan`.
For example:
```shell
kubectl proxy --port=8080
curl -X DELETE 'localhost:8080/apis/apps/v1/namespaces/default/replicasets/frontend' \
@@ -295,7 +300,8 @@ Once the original is deleted, you can create a new ReplicaSet to replace it. As
as the old and new `.spec.selector` are the same, then the new one will adopt the old Pods.
However, it will not make any effort to make existing Pods match a new, different pod template.
To update Pods to a new spec in a controlled way, use a
[Deployment](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/#creating-a-deployment), as ReplicaSets do not support a rolling update directly.
[Deployment](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/#creating-a-deployment), as
ReplicaSets do not support a rolling update directly.
### Isolating Pods from a ReplicaSet
@@ -310,17 +316,19 @@ ensures that a desired number of Pods with a matching label selector are availab
When scaling down, the ReplicaSet controller chooses which pods to delete by sorting the available pods to
prioritize scaling down pods based on the following general algorithm:
1. Pending (and unschedulable) pods are scaled down first
2. If `controller.kubernetes.io/pod-deletion-cost` annotation is set, then
the pod with the lower value will come first.
3. Pods on nodes with more replicas come before pods on nodes with fewer replicas.
4. If the pods' creation times differ, the pod that was created more recently
comes before the older pod (the creation times are bucketed on an integer log scale
when the `LogarithmicScaleDown` [feature gate](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/) is enabled)
1. Pending (and unschedulable) pods are scaled down first
1. If `controller.kubernetes.io/pod-deletion-cost` annotation is set, then
the pod with the lower value will come first.
1. Pods on nodes with more replicas come before pods on nodes with fewer replicas.
1. If the pods' creation times differ, the pod that was created more recently
comes before the older pod (the creation times are bucketed on an integer log scale
when the `LogarithmicScaleDown` [feature gate](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/) is enabled)
If all of the above match, then selection is random.
### Pod deletion cost
{{< feature-state for_k8s_version="v1.22" state="beta" >}}
Using the [`controller.kubernetes.io/pod-deletion-cost`](/docs/reference/labels-annotations-taints/#pod-deletion-cost)
@@ -344,6 +352,7 @@ This feature is beta and enabled by default. You can disable it using the
{{< /note >}}
#### Example Use Case
The different pods of an application could have different utilization levels. On scale down, the application
may prefer to remove the pods with lower utilization. To avoid frequently updating the pods, the application
should update `controller.kubernetes.io/pod-deletion-cost` once before issuing a scale down (setting the
@@ -387,12 +396,17 @@ As such, it is recommended to use Deployments when you want ReplicaSets.
### Bare Pods
Unlike the case where a user directly created Pods, a ReplicaSet replaces Pods that are deleted or terminated for any reason, such as in the case of node failure or disruptive node maintenance, such as a kernel upgrade. For this reason, we recommend that you use a ReplicaSet even if your application requires only a single Pod. Think of it similarly to a process supervisor, only it supervises multiple Pods across multiple nodes instead of individual processes on a single node. A ReplicaSet delegates local container restarts to some agent on the node such as Kubelet.
Unlike the case where a user directly created Pods, a ReplicaSet replaces Pods that are deleted or
terminated for any reason, such as in the case of node failure or disruptive node maintenance,
such as a kernel upgrade. For this reason, we recommend that you use a ReplicaSet even if your
application requires only a single Pod. Think of it similarly to a process supervisor, only it
supervises multiple Pods across multiple nodes instead of individual processes on a single node. A
ReplicaSet delegates local container restarts to some agent on the node such as Kubelet.
### Job
Use a [`Job`](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/job/) instead of a ReplicaSet for Pods that are expected to terminate on their own
(that is, batch jobs).
Use a [`Job`](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/job/) instead of a ReplicaSet for Pods that are
expected to terminate on their own (that is, batch jobs).
### DaemonSet
@@ -402,12 +416,12 @@ to a machine lifetime: the Pod needs to be running on the machine before other P
safe to terminate when the machine is otherwise ready to be rebooted/shutdown.
### ReplicationController
ReplicaSets are the successors to [_ReplicationControllers_](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicationcontroller/).
ReplicaSets are the successors to [ReplicationControllers](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicationcontroller/).
The two serve the same purpose, and behave similarly, except that a ReplicationController does not support set-based
selector requirements as described in the [labels user guide](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labels/#label-selectors).
As such, ReplicaSets are preferred over ReplicationControllers
## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
* Learn about [Pods](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods).
@@ -419,3 +433,4 @@ As such, ReplicaSets are preferred over ReplicationControllers
object definition to understand the API for replica sets.
* Read about [PodDisruptionBudget](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/disruptions/) and how
you can use it to manage application availability during disruptions.
@@ -39,10 +39,18 @@ that provides a set of stateless replicas.
## Limitations
* The storage for a given Pod must either be provisioned by a [PersistentVolume Provisioner](https://github.com/kubernetes/examples/tree/master/staging/persistent-volume-provisioning/README.md) based on the requested `storage class`, or pre-provisioned by an admin.
* Deleting and/or scaling a StatefulSet down will *not* delete the volumes associated with the StatefulSet. This is done to ensure data safety, which is generally more valuable than an automatic purge of all related StatefulSet resources.
* StatefulSets currently require a [Headless Service](/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#headless-services) to be responsible for the network identity of the Pods. You are responsible for creating this Service.
* StatefulSets do not provide any guarantees on the termination of pods when a StatefulSet is deleted. To achieve ordered and graceful termination of the pods in the StatefulSet, it is possible to scale the StatefulSet down to 0 prior to deletion.
* The storage for a given Pod must either be provisioned by a
[PersistentVolume Provisioner](https://github.com/kubernetes/examples/tree/master/staging/persistent-volume-provisioning/README.md)
based on the requested `storage class`, or pre-provisioned by an admin.
* Deleting and/or scaling a StatefulSet down will *not* delete the volumes associated with the
StatefulSet. This is done to ensure data safety, which is generally more valuable than an
automatic purge of all related StatefulSet resources.
* StatefulSets currently require a [Headless Service](/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#headless-services)
to be responsible for the network identity of the Pods. You are responsible for creating this
Service.
* StatefulSets do not provide any guarantees on the termination of pods when a StatefulSet is
deleted. To achieve ordered and graceful termination of the pods in the StatefulSet, it is
possible to scale the StatefulSet down to 0 prior to deletion.
* When using [Rolling Updates](#rolling-updates) with the default
[Pod Management Policy](#pod-management-policies) (`OrderedReady`),
it's possible to get into a broken state that requires
@@ -108,18 +116,24 @@ In the above example:
* A Headless Service, named `nginx`, is used to control the network domain.
* The StatefulSet, named `web`, has a Spec that indicates that 3 replicas of the nginx container will be launched in unique Pods.
* The `volumeClaimTemplates` will provide stable storage using [PersistentVolumes](/docs/concepts/storage/persistent-volumes/) provisioned by a PersistentVolume Provisioner.
* The `volumeClaimTemplates` will provide stable storage using
[PersistentVolumes](/docs/concepts/storage/persistent-volumes/) provisioned by a
PersistentVolume Provisioner.
The name of a StatefulSet object must be a valid
[DNS subdomain name](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/names#dns-subdomain-names).
### Pod Selector
You must set the `.spec.selector` field of a StatefulSet to match the labels of its `.spec.template.metadata.labels`. Failing to specify a matching Pod Selector will result in a validation error during StatefulSet creation.
You must set the `.spec.selector` field of a StatefulSet to match the labels of its
`.spec.template.metadata.labels`. Failing to specify a matching Pod Selector will result in a
validation error during StatefulSet creation.
### Volume Claim Templates
You can set the `.spec.volumeClaimTemplates` which can provide stable storage using [PersistentVolumes](/docs/concepts/storage/persistent-volumes/) provisioned by a PersistentVolume Provisioner.
You can set the `.spec.volumeClaimTemplates` which can provide stable storage using
[PersistentVolumes](/docs/concepts/storage/persistent-volumes/) provisioned by a PersistentVolume
Provisioner.
### Minimum ready seconds
@@ -128,9 +142,11 @@ You can set the `.spec.volumeClaimTemplates` which can provide stable storage u
`.spec.minReadySeconds` is an optional field that specifies the minimum number of seconds for which a newly
created Pod should be ready without any of its containers crashing, for it to be considered available.
Please note that this feature is beta and enabled by default. Please opt out by unsetting the StatefulSetMinReadySeconds flag, if you don't
Please note that this feature is beta and enabled by default. Please opt out by unsetting the
StatefulSetMinReadySeconds flag, if you don't
want this feature to be enabled. This field defaults to 0 (the Pod will be considered
available as soon as it is ready). To learn more about when a Pod is considered ready, see [Container Probes](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/#container-probes).
available as soon as it is ready). To learn more about when a Pod is considered ready, see
[Container Probes](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/#container-probes).
## Pod Identity
@@ -166,8 +182,8 @@ remembered and reused, even after the Pod is running, for at least a few seconds
If you need to discover Pods promptly after they are created, you have a few options:
- Query the Kubernetes API directly (for example, using a watch) rather than relying on DNS lookups.
- Decrease the time of caching in your Kubernetes DNS provider (typically this means editing the config map for CoreDNS, which currently caches for 30 seconds).
- Decrease the time of caching in your Kubernetes DNS provider (typically this means editing the
config map for CoreDNS, which currently caches for 30 seconds).
As mentioned in the [limitations](#limitations) section, you are responsible for
creating the [Headless Service](/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#headless-services)
@@ -189,7 +205,9 @@ Cluster Domain will be set to `cluster.local` unless
### Stable Storage
For each VolumeClaimTemplate entry defined in a StatefulSet, each Pod receives one PersistentVolumeClaim. In the nginx example above, each Pod receives a single PersistentVolume with a StorageClass of `my-storage-class` and 1 Gib of provisioned storage. If no StorageClass
For each VolumeClaimTemplate entry defined in a StatefulSet, each Pod receives one
PersistentVolumeClaim. In the nginx example above, each Pod receives a single PersistentVolume
with a StorageClass of `my-storage-class` and 1 Gib of provisioned storage. If no StorageClass
is specified, then the default StorageClass will be used. When a Pod is (re)scheduled
onto a node, its `volumeMounts` mount the PersistentVolumes associated with its
PersistentVolume Claims. Note that, the PersistentVolumes associated with the
@@ -210,7 +228,9 @@ the StatefulSet.
* Before a scaling operation is applied to a Pod, all of its predecessors must be Running and Ready.
* Before a Pod is terminated, all of its successors must be completely shutdown.
The StatefulSet should not specify a `pod.Spec.TerminationGracePeriodSeconds` of 0. This practice is unsafe and strongly discouraged. For further explanation, please refer to [force deleting StatefulSet Pods](/docs/tasks/run-application/force-delete-stateful-set-pod/).
The StatefulSet should not specify a `pod.Spec.TerminationGracePeriodSeconds` of 0. This practice
is unsafe and strongly discouraged. For further explanation, please refer to
[force deleting StatefulSet Pods](/docs/tasks/run-application/force-delete-stateful-set-pod/).
When the nginx example above is created, three Pods will be deployed in the order
web-0, web-1, web-2. web-1 will not be deployed before web-0 is
@@ -256,7 +276,8 @@ annotations for the Pods in a StatefulSet. There are two possible values:
create new Pods that reflect modifications made to a StatefulSet's `.spec.template`.
`RollingUpdate`
: The `RollingUpdate` update strategy implements automated, rolling update for the Pods in a StatefulSet. This is the default update strategy.
: The `RollingUpdate` update strategy implements automated, rolling update for the Pods in a
StatefulSet. This is the default update strategy.
## Rolling Updates
@@ -299,7 +320,7 @@ unavailable Pod in the range `0` to `replicas - 1`, it will be counted towards
{{< note >}}
The `maxUnavailable` field is in Alpha stage and it is honored only by API servers
that are running with the `MaxUnavailableStatefulSet`
[feature gate](/docs/reference/commmand-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/)
[feature gate](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/)
enabled.
{{< /note >}}
@@ -375,8 +396,8 @@ spec:
...
```
The StatefulSet {{<glossary_tooltip text="controller" term_id="controller">}} adds [owner
references](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/owners-dependents/#owner-references-in-object-specifications)
The StatefulSet {{<glossary_tooltip text="controller" term_id="controller">}} adds
[owner references](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/owners-dependents/#owner-references-in-object-specifications)
to its PVCs, which are then deleted by the {{<glossary_tooltip text="garbage collector"
term_id="garbage-collection">}} after the Pod is terminated. This enables the Pod to
cleanly unmount all volumes before the PVCs are deleted (and before the backing PV and
@@ -320,12 +320,12 @@ in the Pod Lifecycle documentation.
* Learn about the [lifecycle of a Pod](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/).
* Learn about [RuntimeClass](/docs/concepts/containers/runtime-class/) and how you can use it to
configure different Pods with different container runtime configurations.
* Read about [Pod topology spread constraints](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-topology-spread-constraints/).
* Read about [PodDisruptionBudget](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/disruptions/) and how you can use it to manage application availability during disruptions.
* Pod is a top-level resource in the Kubernetes REST API.
The {{< api-reference page="workload-resources/pod-v1" >}}
object definition describes the object in detail.
* [The Distributed System Toolkit: Patterns for Composite Containers](/blog/2015/06/the-distributed-system-toolkit-patterns/) explains common layouts for Pods with more than one container.
* Read about [Pod topology spread constraints](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/topology-spread-constraints/)
To understand the context for why Kubernetes wraps a common Pod API in other resources (such as {{< glossary_tooltip text="StatefulSets" term_id="statefulset" >}} or {{< glossary_tooltip text="Deployments" term_id="deployment" >}}), you can read about the prior art, including:
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ Init containers are exactly like regular containers, except:
* Init containers always run to completion.
* Each init container must complete successfully before the next one starts.
If a Pod's init container fails, the kubelet repeatedly restarts that init container until it succeeds.
If a Pod's init container fails, the kubelet repeatedly restarts that init container until it succeeds.
However, if the Pod has a `restartPolicy` of Never, and an init container fails during startup of that Pod, Kubernetes treats the overall Pod as failed.
To specify an init container for a Pod, add the `initContainers` field into
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ kind: Pod
metadata:
name: myapp-pod
labels:
app: myapp
app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
spec:
containers:
- name: myapp-container
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ The output is similar to this:
Name: myapp-pod
Namespace: default
[...]
Labels: app=myapp
Labels: app.kubernetes.io/name=MyApp
Status: Pending
[...]
Init Containers:
@@ -1,421 +0,0 @@
---
title: Pod Topology Spread Constraints
content_type: concept
weight: 40
---
<!-- overview -->
You can use _topology spread constraints_ to control how {{< glossary_tooltip text="Pods" term_id="Pod" >}} are spread across your cluster among failure-domains such as regions, zones, nodes, and other user-defined topology domains. This can help to achieve high availability as well as efficient resource utilization.
<!-- body -->
## Prerequisites
### Node Labels
Topology spread constraints rely on node labels to identify the topology domain(s) that each Node is in. For example, a Node might have labels: `node=node1,zone=us-east-1a,region=us-east-1`
Suppose you have a 4-node cluster with the following labels:
```
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION LABELS
node1 Ready <none> 4m26s v1.16.0 node=node1,zone=zoneA
node2 Ready <none> 3m58s v1.16.0 node=node2,zone=zoneA
node3 Ready <none> 3m17s v1.16.0 node=node3,zone=zoneB
node4 Ready <none> 2m43s v1.16.0 node=node4,zone=zoneB
```
Then the cluster is logically viewed as below:
{{<mermaid>}}
graph TB
subgraph "zoneB"
n3(Node3)
n4(Node4)
end
subgraph "zoneA"
n1(Node1)
n2(Node2)
end
classDef plain fill:#ddd,stroke:#fff,stroke-width:4px,color:#000;
classDef k8s fill:#326ce5,stroke:#fff,stroke-width:4px,color:#fff;
classDef cluster fill:#fff,stroke:#bbb,stroke-width:2px,color:#326ce5;
class n1,n2,n3,n4 k8s;
class zoneA,zoneB cluster;
{{< /mermaid >}}
Instead of manually applying labels, you can also reuse the [well-known labels](/docs/reference/labels-annotations-taints/) that are created and populated automatically on most clusters.
## Spread Constraints for Pods
### API
The API field `pod.spec.topologySpreadConstraints` is defined as below:
```yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: mypod
spec:
topologySpreadConstraints:
- maxSkew: <integer>
minDomains: <integer>
topologyKey: <string>
whenUnsatisfiable: <string>
labelSelector: <object>
```
You can define one or multiple `topologySpreadConstraint` to instruct the kube-scheduler how to place each incoming Pod in relation to the existing Pods across your cluster. The fields are:
- **maxSkew** describes the degree to which Pods may be unevenly distributed.
It must be greater than zero. Its semantics differs according to the value of `whenUnsatisfiable`:
- when `whenUnsatisfiable` equals to "DoNotSchedule", `maxSkew` is the maximum
permitted difference between the number of matching pods in the target
topology and the global minimum
(the minimum number of pods that match the label selector in a topology domain.
For example, if you have 3 zones with 0, 2 and 3 matching pods respectively,
The global minimum is 0).
- when `whenUnsatisfiable` equals to "ScheduleAnyway", scheduler gives higher
precedence to topologies that would help reduce the skew.
- **minDomains** indicates a minimum number of eligible domains.
A domain is a particular instance of a topology. An eligible domain is a domain whose
nodes match the node selector.
- The value of `minDomains` must be greater than 0, when specified.
- When the number of eligible domains with match topology keys is less than `minDomains`,
Pod topology spread treats "global minimum" as 0, and then the calculation of `skew` is performed.
The "global minimum" is the minimum number of matching Pods in an eligible domain,
or zero if the number of eligible domains is less than `minDomains`.
- When the number of eligible domains with matching topology keys equals or is greater than
`minDomains`, this value has no effect on scheduling.
- When `minDomains` is nil, the constraint behaves as if `minDomains` is 1.
- When `minDomains` is not nil, the value of `whenUnsatisfiable` must be "`DoNotSchedule`".
{{< note >}}
The `minDomains` field is an alpha field added in 1.24. You have to enable the
`MinDomainsInPodToplogySpread` [feature gate](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/)
in order to use it.
{{< /note >}}
- **topologyKey** is the key of node labels. If two Nodes are labelled with this key and have identical values for that label, the scheduler treats both Nodes as being in the same topology. The scheduler tries to place a balanced number of Pods into each topology domain.
- **whenUnsatisfiable** indicates how to deal with a Pod if it doesn't satisfy the spread constraint:
- `DoNotSchedule` (default) tells the scheduler not to schedule it.
- `ScheduleAnyway` tells the scheduler to still schedule it while prioritizing nodes that minimize the skew.
- **labelSelector** is used to find matching Pods. Pods that match this label selector are counted to determine the number of Pods in their corresponding topology domain. See [Label Selectors](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labels/#label-selectors) for more details.
When a Pod defines more than one `topologySpreadConstraint`, those constraints are ANDed: The kube-scheduler looks for a node for the incoming Pod that satisfies all the constraints.
You can read more about this field by running `kubectl explain Pod.spec.topologySpreadConstraints`.
### Example: One TopologySpreadConstraint
Suppose you have a 4-node cluster where 3 Pods labeled `foo:bar` are located in node1, node2 and node3 respectively:
{{<mermaid>}}
graph BT
subgraph "zoneB"
p3(Pod) --> n3(Node3)
n4(Node4)
end
subgraph "zoneA"
p1(Pod) --> n1(Node1)
p2(Pod) --> n2(Node2)
end
classDef plain fill:#ddd,stroke:#fff,stroke-width:4px,color:#000;
classDef k8s fill:#326ce5,stroke:#fff,stroke-width:4px,color:#fff;
classDef cluster fill:#fff,stroke:#bbb,stroke-width:2px,color:#326ce5;
class n1,n2,n3,n4,p1,p2,p3 k8s;
class zoneA,zoneB cluster;
{{< /mermaid >}}
If we want an incoming Pod to be evenly spread with existing Pods across zones, the spec can be given as:
{{< codenew file="pods/topology-spread-constraints/one-constraint.yaml" >}}
`topologyKey: zone` implies the even distribution will only be applied to the nodes which have label pair "zone:&lt;any value&gt;" present. `whenUnsatisfiable: DoNotSchedule` tells the scheduler to let it stay pending if the incoming Pod can't satisfy the constraint.
If the scheduler placed this incoming Pod into "zoneA", the Pods distribution would become [3, 1], hence the actual skew is 2 (3 - 1) - which violates `maxSkew: 1`. In this example, the incoming Pod can only be placed into "zoneB":
{{<mermaid>}}
graph BT
subgraph "zoneB"
p3(Pod) --> n3(Node3)
p4(mypod) --> n4(Node4)
end
subgraph "zoneA"
p1(Pod) --> n1(Node1)
p2(Pod) --> n2(Node2)
end
classDef plain fill:#ddd,stroke:#fff,stroke-width:4px,color:#000;
classDef k8s fill:#326ce5,stroke:#fff,stroke-width:4px,color:#fff;
classDef cluster fill:#fff,stroke:#bbb,stroke-width:2px,color:#326ce5;
class n1,n2,n3,n4,p1,p2,p3 k8s;
class p4 plain;
class zoneA,zoneB cluster;
{{< /mermaid >}}
OR
{{<mermaid>}}
graph BT
subgraph "zoneB"
p3(Pod) --> n3(Node3)
p4(mypod) --> n3
n4(Node4)
end
subgraph "zoneA"
p1(Pod) --> n1(Node1)
p2(Pod) --> n2(Node2)
end
classDef plain fill:#ddd,stroke:#fff,stroke-width:4px,color:#000;
classDef k8s fill:#326ce5,stroke:#fff,stroke-width:4px,color:#fff;
classDef cluster fill:#fff,stroke:#bbb,stroke-width:2px,color:#326ce5;
class n1,n2,n3,n4,p1,p2,p3 k8s;
class p4 plain;
class zoneA,zoneB cluster;
{{< /mermaid >}}
You can tweak the Pod spec to meet various kinds of requirements:
- Change `maxSkew` to a bigger value like "2" so that the incoming Pod can be placed into "zoneA" as well.
- Change `topologyKey` to "node" so as to distribute the Pods evenly across nodes instead of zones. In the above example, if `maxSkew` remains "1", the incoming Pod can only be placed onto "node4".
- Change `whenUnsatisfiable: DoNotSchedule` to `whenUnsatisfiable: ScheduleAnyway` to ensure the incoming Pod to be always schedulable (suppose other scheduling APIs are satisfied). However, it's preferred to be placed onto the topology domain which has fewer matching Pods. (Be aware that this preferability is jointly normalized with other internal scheduling priorities like resource usage ratio, etc.)
### Example: Multiple TopologySpreadConstraints
This builds upon the previous example. Suppose you have a 4-node cluster where 3 Pods labeled `foo:bar` are located in node1, node2 and node3 respectively:
{{<mermaid>}}
graph BT
subgraph "zoneB"
p3(Pod) --> n3(Node3)
n4(Node4)
end
subgraph "zoneA"
p1(Pod) --> n1(Node1)
p2(Pod) --> n2(Node2)
end
classDef plain fill:#ddd,stroke:#fff,stroke-width:4px,color:#000;
classDef k8s fill:#326ce5,stroke:#fff,stroke-width:4px,color:#fff;
classDef cluster fill:#fff,stroke:#bbb,stroke-width:2px,color:#326ce5;
class n1,n2,n3,n4,p1,p2,p3 k8s;
class p4 plain;
class zoneA,zoneB cluster;
{{< /mermaid >}}
You can use 2 TopologySpreadConstraints to control the Pods spreading on both zone and node:
{{< codenew file="pods/topology-spread-constraints/two-constraints.yaml" >}}
In this case, to match the first constraint, the incoming Pod can only be placed into "zoneB"; while in terms of the second constraint, the incoming Pod can only be placed onto "node4". Then the results of 2 constraints are ANDed, so the only viable option is to place on "node4".
Multiple constraints can lead to conflicts. Suppose you have a 3-node cluster across 2 zones:
{{<mermaid>}}
graph BT
subgraph "zoneB"
p4(Pod) --> n3(Node3)
p5(Pod) --> n3
end
subgraph "zoneA"
p1(Pod) --> n1(Node1)
p2(Pod) --> n1
p3(Pod) --> n2(Node2)
end
classDef plain fill:#ddd,stroke:#fff,stroke-width:4px,color:#000;
classDef k8s fill:#326ce5,stroke:#fff,stroke-width:4px,color:#fff;
classDef cluster fill:#fff,stroke:#bbb,stroke-width:2px,color:#326ce5;
class n1,n2,n3,n4,p1,p2,p3,p4,p5 k8s;
class zoneA,zoneB cluster;
{{< /mermaid >}}
If you apply "two-constraints.yaml" to this cluster, you will notice "mypod" stays in `Pending` state. This is because: to satisfy the first constraint, "mypod" can only placed into "zoneB"; while in terms of the second constraint, "mypod" can only be placed onto "node2". Then a joint result of "zoneB" and "node2" returns nothing.
To overcome this situation, you can either increase the `maxSkew` or modify one of the constraints to use `whenUnsatisfiable: ScheduleAnyway`.
### Interaction With Node Affinity and Node Selectors
The scheduler will skip the non-matching nodes from the skew calculations if the incoming Pod has `spec.nodeSelector` or `spec.affinity.nodeAffinity` defined.
### Example: TopologySpreadConstraints with NodeAffinity
Suppose you have a 5-node cluster ranging from zoneA to zoneC:
{{<mermaid>}}
graph BT
subgraph "zoneB"
p3(Pod) --> n3(Node3)
n4(Node4)
end
subgraph "zoneA"
p1(Pod) --> n1(Node1)
p2(Pod) --> n2(Node2)
end
classDef plain fill:#ddd,stroke:#fff,stroke-width:4px,color:#000;
classDef k8s fill:#326ce5,stroke:#fff,stroke-width:4px,color:#fff;
classDef cluster fill:#fff,stroke:#bbb,stroke-width:2px,color:#326ce5;
class n1,n2,n3,n4,p1,p2,p3 k8s;
class p4 plain;
class zoneA,zoneB cluster;
{{< /mermaid >}}
{{<mermaid>}}
graph BT
subgraph "zoneC"
n5(Node5)
end
classDef plain fill:#ddd,stroke:#fff,stroke-width:4px,color:#000;
classDef k8s fill:#326ce5,stroke:#fff,stroke-width:4px,color:#fff;
classDef cluster fill:#fff,stroke:#bbb,stroke-width:2px,color:#326ce5;
class n5 k8s;
class zoneC cluster;
{{< /mermaid >}}
and you know that "zoneC" must be excluded. In this case, you can compose the yaml as below, so that "mypod" will be placed into "zoneB" instead of "zoneC". Similarly `spec.nodeSelector` is also respected.
{{< codenew file="pods/topology-spread-constraints/one-constraint-with-nodeaffinity.yaml" >}}
The scheduler doesn't have prior knowledge of all the zones or other topology domains that a cluster has. They are determined from the existing nodes in the cluster. This could lead to a problem in autoscaled clusters, when a node pool (or node group) is scaled to zero nodes and the user is expecting them to scale up, because, in this case, those topology domains won't be considered until there is at least one node in them.
### Other Noticeable Semantics
There are some implicit conventions worth noting here:
- Only the Pods holding the same namespace as the incoming Pod can be matching candidates.
- The scheduler will bypass the nodes without `topologySpreadConstraints[*].topologyKey` present. This implies that:
1. the Pods located on those nodes do not impact `maxSkew` calculation - in the above example, suppose "node1" does not have label "zone", then the 2 Pods will be disregarded, hence the incoming Pod will be scheduled into "zoneA".
2. the incoming Pod has no chances to be scheduled onto such nodes - in the above example, suppose a "node5" carrying label `{zone-typo: zoneC}` joins the cluster, it will be bypassed due to the absence of label key "zone".
- Be aware of what will happen if the incoming Pod's `topologySpreadConstraints[*].labelSelector` doesn't match its own labels. In the above example, if we remove the incoming Pod's labels, it can still be placed into "zoneB" since the constraints are still satisfied. However, after the placement, the degree of imbalance of the cluster remains unchanged - it's still zoneA having 2 Pods which hold label {foo:bar}, and zoneB having 1 Pod which holds label {foo:bar}. So if this is not what you expect, we recommend the workload's `topologySpreadConstraints[*].labelSelector` to match its own labels.
### Cluster-level default constraints
It is possible to set default topology spread constraints for a cluster. Default
topology spread constraints are applied to a Pod if, and only if:
- It doesn't define any constraints in its `.spec.topologySpreadConstraints`.
- It belongs to a service, replication controller, replica set or stateful set.
Default constraints can be set as part of the `PodTopologySpread` plugin args
in a [scheduling profile](/docs/reference/scheduling/config/#profiles).
The constraints are specified with the same [API above](#api), except that
`labelSelector` must be empty. The selectors are calculated from the services,
replication controllers, replica sets or stateful sets that the Pod belongs to.
An example configuration might look like follows:
```yaml
apiVersion: kubescheduler.config.k8s.io/v1beta3
kind: KubeSchedulerConfiguration
profiles:
- schedulerName: default-scheduler
pluginConfig:
- name: PodTopologySpread
args:
defaultConstraints:
- maxSkew: 1
topologyKey: topology.kubernetes.io/zone
whenUnsatisfiable: ScheduleAnyway
defaultingType: List
```
{{< note >}}
[`SelectorSpread` plugin](/docs/reference/scheduling/config/#scheduling-plugins)
is disabled by default. It's recommended to use `PodTopologySpread` to achieve similar
behavior.
{{< /note >}}
#### Built-in default constraints {#internal-default-constraints}
{{< feature-state for_k8s_version="v1.24" state="stable" >}}
If you don't configure any cluster-level default constraints for pod topology spreading,
then kube-scheduler acts as if you specified the following default topology constraints:
```yaml
defaultConstraints:
- maxSkew: 3
topologyKey: "kubernetes.io/hostname"
whenUnsatisfiable: ScheduleAnyway
- maxSkew: 5
topologyKey: "topology.kubernetes.io/zone"
whenUnsatisfiable: ScheduleAnyway
```
Also, the legacy `SelectorSpread` plugin, which provides an equivalent behavior,
is disabled by default.
{{< note >}}
The `PodTopologySpread` plugin does not score the nodes that don't have
the topology keys specified in the spreading constraints. This might result
in a different default behavior compared to the legacy `SelectorSpread` plugin when
using the default topology constraints.
If your nodes are not expected to have **both** `kubernetes.io/hostname` and
`topology.kubernetes.io/zone` labels set, define your own constraints
instead of using the Kubernetes defaults.
{{< /note >}}
If you don't want to use the default Pod spreading constraints for your cluster,
you can disable those defaults by setting `defaultingType` to `List` and leaving
empty `defaultConstraints` in the `PodTopologySpread` plugin configuration:
```yaml
apiVersion: kubescheduler.config.k8s.io/v1beta3
kind: KubeSchedulerConfiguration
profiles:
- schedulerName: default-scheduler
pluginConfig:
- name: PodTopologySpread
args:
defaultConstraints: []
defaultingType: List
```
## Comparison with PodAffinity/PodAntiAffinity
In Kubernetes, directives related to "Affinity" control how Pods are
scheduled - more packed or more scattered.
- For `PodAffinity`, you can try to pack any number of Pods into qualifying
topology domain(s)
- For `PodAntiAffinity`, only one Pod can be scheduled into a
single topology domain.
For finer control, you can specify topology spread constraints to distribute
Pods across different topology domains - to achieve either high availability or
cost-saving. This can also help on rolling update workloads and scaling out
replicas smoothly. See
[Motivation](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/tree/master/keps/sig-scheduling/895-pod-topology-spread#motivation)
for more details.
## Known Limitations
- There's no guarantee that the constraints remain satisfied when Pods are removed. For example, scaling down a Deployment may result in imbalanced Pods distribution.
You can use [Descheduler](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler) to rebalance the Pods distribution.
- Pods matched on tainted nodes are respected. See [Issue 80921](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/80921)
## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
- [Blog: Introducing PodTopologySpread](/blog/2020/05/introducing-podtopologyspread/)
explains `maxSkew` in details, as well as bringing up some advanced usage examples.
+2 -2
View File
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ For an example of adding a new localization, see the PR to enable
To guide other localization contributors, add a new
[`README-**.md`](https://help.github.com/articles/about-readmes/) to the top level of
[k/website](https://github.com/kubernetes/website/), where `**` is the two-letter language code.
[kubernetes/website](https://github.com/kubernetes/website/), where `**` is the two-letter language code.
For example, a German README file would be `README-de.md`.
Provide guidance to localization contributors in the localized `README-**.md` file.
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ To collaborate on a localization branch:
`dev-<source version>-<language code>.<team milestone>`
For example, an approver on a German localization team opens the localization branch
`dev-1.12-de.1` directly against the k/website repository, based on the source branch for
`dev-1.12-de.1` directly against the `kubernetes/website` repository, based on the source branch for
Kubernetes v1.12.
2. Individual contributors open feature branches based on the localization branch.
@@ -216,16 +216,16 @@ Figure 2. Working from a local fork to make your changes.
1. Decide which branch base to your work on:
- For improvements to existing content, use `upstream/main`.
- For new content about existing features, use `upstream/main`.
- For localized content, use the localization's conventions. For more information, see
[localizing Kubernetes documentation](/docs/contribute/localization/).
- For new features in an upcoming Kubernetes release, use the feature branch. For more
information, see [documenting for a release](/docs/contribute/new-content/new-features/).
- For long-running efforts that multiple SIG Docs contributors collaborate on,
like content reorganization, use a specific feature branch created for that effort.
- For improvements to existing content, use `upstream/main`.
- For new content about existing features, use `upstream/main`.
- For localized content, use the localization's conventions. For more information, see
[localizing Kubernetes documentation](/docs/contribute/localization/).
- For new features in an upcoming Kubernetes release, use the feature branch. For more
information, see [documenting for a release](/docs/contribute/new-content/new-features/).
- For long-running efforts that multiple SIG Docs contributors collaborate on,
like content reorganization, use a specific feature branch created for that effort.
If you need help choosing a branch, ask in the `#sig-docs` Slack channel.
If you need help choosing a branch, ask in the `#sig-docs` Slack channel.
1. Create a new branch based on the branch identified in step 1. This example assumes the base
branch is `upstream/main`:
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ Figure 2. Working from a local fork to make your changes.
git checkout -b <my_new_branch> upstream/main
```
3. Make your changes using a text editor.
1. Make your changes using a text editor.
At any time, use the `git status` command to see what files you've changed.
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ Figure 3. Steps to open a PR from your fork to the K8s/website.
1. From the **head repository** drop-down menu, select your fork.
1. From the **compare** drop-down menu, select your branch.
1. Select **Create Pull Request**.
`. Add a description for your pull request:
1. Add a description for your pull request:
- **Title** (50 characters or less): Summarize the intent of the change.
- **Description**: Describe the change in more detail.
@@ -484,10 +484,10 @@ conflict. You must resolve all merge conflicts in your PR.
1. Fetch changes from `kubernetes/website`'s `upstream/main` and rebase your branch:
```shell
git fetch upstream
git rebase upstream/main
```
```shell
git fetch upstream
git rebase upstream/main
```
1. Inspect the results of the rebase:
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ conflict. You must resolve all merge conflicts in your PR.
1. Continue the rebase:
``
```shell
git rebase --continue
```
@@ -10,9 +10,8 @@ weight: 10
Anyone can review a documentation pull request. Visit the [pull requests](https://github.com/kubernetes/website/pulls)
section in the Kubernetes website repository to see open pull requests.
Reviewing documentation pull requests is a
great way to introduce yourself to the Kubernetes community.
It helps you learn the code base and build trust with other contributors.
Reviewing documentation pull requests is a great way to introduce yourself to the Kubernetes
community. It helps you learn the code base and build trust with other contributors.
Before reviewing, it's a good idea to:
@@ -28,7 +27,6 @@ Before reviewing, it's a good idea to:
Before you start a review:
- Read the [CNCF Code of Conduct](https://github.com/cncf/foundation/blob/main/code-of-conduct.md)
and ensure that you abide by it at all times.
- Be polite, considerate, and helpful.
@@ -73,6 +71,7 @@ class third,fourth white
Figure 1. Review process steps.
1. Go to [https://github.com/kubernetes/website/pulls](https://github.com/kubernetes/website/pulls).
You see a list of every open pull request against the Kubernetes website and docs.
@@ -103,12 +102,20 @@ Figure 1. Review process steps.
4. Go to the **Files changed** tab to start your review.
1. Click on the `+` symbol beside the line you want to comment on.
1. Fill in any comments you have about the line and click either **Add single comment** (if you
have only one comment to make) or **Start a review** (if you have multiple comments to make).
1. Fill in any comments you have about the line and click either **Add single comment**
(if you have only one comment to make) or **Start a review** (if you have multiple comments to make).
1. When finished, click **Review changes** at the top of the page. Here, you can add
a summary of your review (and leave some positive comments for the contributor!),
approve the PR, comment or request changes as needed. New contributors should always
choose **Comment**.
a summary of your review (and leave some positive comments for the contributor!).
Please always use the "Comment"
- Avoid clicking the "Request changes" button when finishing your review.
If you want to block a PR from being merged before some further changes are made,
you can leave a "/hold" comment.
Mention why you are setting a hold, and optionally specify the conditions under
which the hold can be removed by you or other reviewers.
- Avoid clicking the "Approve" button when finishing your review.
Leaving a "/approve" comment is recommended most of the time.
## Reviewing checklist
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ Note that the live editor doesn't recognize Hugo shortcodes.
### Example 1 - Pod topology spread constraints
Figure 6 shows the diagram appearing in the
[Pod topology pread constraints](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-topology-spread-constraints/#node-labels)
[Pod topology spread constraints](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/topology-spread-constraints/#node-labels)
page.
{{< mermaid >}}
@@ -46,10 +46,6 @@ When you refer specifically to interacting with an API object, use [UpperCamelCa
When you are generally discussing an API object, use [sentence-style capitalization](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/style-guide/text-formatting/using-type/use-sentence-style-capitalization).
You may use the word "resource", "API", or "object" to clarify a Kubernetes resource type in a sentence.
Don't split an API object name into separate words. For example, use PodTemplateList, not Pod Template List.
The following examples focus on capitalization. For more information about formatting API object names, review the related guidance on [Code Style](#code-style-inline-code).
{{< table caption = "Do and Don't - Use Pascal case for API objects" >}}
@@ -187,6 +183,36 @@ Set the value of `image` to nginx:1.16. | Set the value of `image` to `nginx:1.1
Set the value of the `replicas` field to 2. | Set the value of the `replicas` field to `2`.
{{< /table >}}
## Referring to Kubernetes API resources
This section talks about how we reference API resources in the documentation.
### Clarification about "resource"
Kubernetes uses the word "resource" to refer to API resources, such as `pod`, `deployment`, and so on. We also use "resource" to talk about CPU and memory requests and limits. Always refer to API resources as "API resources" to avoid confusion with CPU and memory resources.
### When to use Kubernetes API terminologies
The different Kubernetes API terminologies are:
- Resource type: the name used in the API URL (such as `pods`, `namespaces`)
- Resource: a single instance of a resource type (such as `pod`, `secret`)
- Object: a resource that serves as a "record of intent". An object is a desired state for a specific part of your cluster, which the Kubernetes control plane tries to maintain.
Always use "resource" or "object" when referring to an API resource in docs. For example, use "a `Secret` object" over just "a `Secret`".
### API resource names
Always format API resource names using [UpperCamelCase](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camel_case), also known as PascalCase, and code formatting.
For inline code in an HTML document, use the `<code>` tag. In a Markdown document, use the backtick (`` ` ``).
Don't split an API object name into separate words. For example, use `PodTemplateList`, not Pod Template List.
For more information about PascalCase and code formatting, please review the related guidance on [Use upper camel case for API objects](/docs/contribute/style/style-guide/#use-upper-camel-case-for-api-objects) and [Use code style for inline code, commands, and API objects](/docs/contribute/style/style-guide/#code-style-inline-code).
For more information about Kubernetes API terminologies, please review the related guidance on [Kubernetes API terminology](/docs/reference/using-api/api-concepts/#standard-api-terminology).
## Code snippet formatting
### Don't include the command prompt
@@ -361,7 +387,7 @@ Beware.
### Katacoda Embedded Live Environment
This button lets users run Minikube in their browser using the [Katacoda Terminal](https://www.katacoda.com/embed/panel).
This button lets users run Minikube in their browser using the Katacoda Terminal.
It lowers the barrier of entry by allowing users to use Minikube with one click instead of going through the complete
Minikube and Kubectl installation process locally.
+1 -1
View File
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ operator to use or manage a cluster.
* [kube-apiserver configuration (v1alpha1)](/docs/reference/config-api/apiserver-config.v1alpha1/)
* [kube-apiserver configuration (v1)](/docs/reference/config-api/apiserver-config.v1/)
* [kube-apiserver encryption (v1)](/docs/reference/config-api/apiserver-encryption.v1/)
* [kube-apiserver event rate limit (v1alpha1)](/docs/reference/config-api/apiserver-eventratelimit.v1/)
* [kube-apiserver event rate limit (v1alpha1)](/docs/reference/config-api/apiserver-eventratelimit.v1alpha1/)
* [kubelet configuration (v1alpha1)](/docs/reference/config-api/kubelet-config.v1alpha1/) and
[kubelet configuration (v1beta1)](/docs/reference/config-api/kubelet-config.v1beta1/)
* [kubelet credential providers (v1alpha1)](/docs/reference/config-api/kubelet-credentialprovider.v1alpha1/)
@@ -74,6 +74,10 @@ PUT | update
PATCH | patch
DELETE | delete (for individual resources), deletecollection (for collections)
{{< caution >}}
The `get`, `list` and `watch` verbs can all return the full details of a resource. In terms of the returned data they are equivalent. For example, `list` on `secrets` will still reveal the `data` attributes of any returned resources.
{{< /caution >}}
Kubernetes sometimes checks authorization for additional permissions using specialized verbs. For example:
* [PodSecurityPolicy](/docs/concepts/security/pod-security-policy/)
File diff suppressed because it is too large Load Diff
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ weight: 95
<!-- overview -->
The tables below enumerate the configuration parameters on
[PodSecurityPolicy](/docs/concepts/policy/pod-security-policy/) objects, whether the field mutates
[PodSecurityPolicy](/docs/concepts/security/pod-security-policy/) objects, whether the field mutates
and/or validates pods, and how the configuration values map to the
[Pod Security Standards](/docs/concepts/security/pod-security-standards/).
@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ The fields enumerated in this table are part of the `PodSecurityPolicySpec`, whi
under the `.spec` field path.
<table class="no-word-break">
<caption style="display:none">Mapping PodSecurityPolicySpec fields to Pod Security Standards</caption>
<tbody>
<tr>
<caption style="display:none">Mapping PodSecurityPolicySpec fields to Pod Security Standards</caption>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><code>PodSecurityPolicySpec</code></th>
<th>Type</th>
<th>Pod Security Standards Equivalent</th>
@@ -54,19 +54,19 @@ under the `.spec` field path.
<td>
<p><b>Baseline</b>: subset of</p>
<ul>
<li><code>AUDIT_WRITE</code></li>
<li><code>CHOWN</code></li>
<li><code>DAC_OVERRIDE</code></li>
<li><code>FOWNER</code></li>
<li><code>FSETID</code></li>
<li><code>KILL</code></li>
<li><code>MKNOD</code></li>
<li><code>NET_BIND_SERVICE</code></li>
<li><code>SETFCAP</code></li>
<li><code>SETGID</code></li>
<li><code>SETPCAP</code></li>
<li><code>SETUID</code></li>
<li><code>SYS_CHROOT</code></li>
<li><code>AUDIT_WRITE</code></li>
<li><code>CHOWN</code></li>
<li><code>DAC_OVERRIDE</code></li>
<li><code>FOWNER</code></li>
<li><code>FSETID</code></li>
<li><code>KILL</code></li>
<li><code>MKNOD</code></li>
<li><code>NET_BIND_SERVICE</code></li>
<li><code>SETFCAP</code></li>
<li><code>SETGID</code></li>
<li><code>SETPCAP</code></li>
<li><code>SETUID</code></li>
<li><code>SYS_CHROOT</code></li>
</ul>
<p><b>Restricted</b>: empty / undefined / nil OR a list containing <i>only</i> <code>NET_BIND_SERVICE</code>
</td>
@@ -236,9 +236,9 @@ The [annotations](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/annotations/) enu
table can be specified under `.metadata.annotations` on the PodSecurityPolicy object.
<table class="no-word-break">
<caption style="display:none">Mapping PodSecurityPolicy annotations to Pod Security Standards</caption>
<tbody>
<tr>
<caption style="display:none">Mapping PodSecurityPolicy annotations to Pod Security Standards</caption>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><code>PSP Annotation</code></th>
<th>Type</th>
<th>Pod Security Standards Equivalent</th>
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ it can't be both.
ClusterRoles have several uses. You can use a ClusterRole to:
1. define permissions on namespaced resources and be granted within individual namespace(s)
1. define permissions on namespaced resources and be granted across all namespaces
1. define permissions on namespaced resources and be granted access within individual namespace(s)
1. define permissions on namespaced resources and be granted access across all namespaces
1. define permissions on cluster-scoped resources
If you want to define a role within a namespace, use a Role; if you want to define
@@ -808,7 +808,7 @@ Each feature gate is designed for enabling/disabling a specific feature:
availability during update per node.
See [Perform a Rolling Update on a DaemonSet](/docs/tasks/manage-daemon/update-daemon-set/).
- `DefaultPodTopologySpread`: Enables the use of `PodTopologySpread` scheduling plugin to do
[default spreading](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-topology-spread-constraints/#internal-default-constraints).
[default spreading](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/topology-spread-constraints/#internal-default-constraints).
- `DelegateFSGroupToCSIDriver`: If supported by the CSI driver, delegates the
role of applying `fsGroup` from a Pod's `securityContext` to the driver by
passing `fsGroup` through the NodeStageVolume and NodePublishVolume CSI calls.
@@ -854,7 +854,7 @@ Each feature gate is designed for enabling/disabling a specific feature:
{{< glossary_tooltip text="ephemeral containers" term_id="ephemeral-container" >}}
to running pods.
- `EvenPodsSpread`: Enable pods to be scheduled evenly across topology domains. See
[Pod Topology Spread Constraints](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-topology-spread-constraints/).
[Pod Topology Spread Constraints](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/topology-spread-constraints/).
- `ExecProbeTimeout`: Ensure kubelet respects exec probe timeouts.
This feature gate exists in case any of your existing workloads depend on a
now-corrected fault where Kubernetes ignored exec probe timeouts. See
@@ -995,7 +995,7 @@ Each feature gate is designed for enabling/disabling a specific feature:
- `MemoryQoS`: Enable memory protection and usage throttle on pod / container using
cgroup v2 memory controller.
- `MinDomainsInPodTopologySpread`: Enable `minDomains` in Pod
[topology spread constraints](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-topology-spread-constraints/).
[topology spread constraints](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/topology-spread-constraints/).
- `MixedProtocolLBService`: Enable using different protocols in the same `LoadBalancer` type
Service instance.
- `MountContainers`: Enable using utility containers on host as the volume mounter.
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ kubelet [flags]
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">--authorization-mode string&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Default: <code>AlwaysAllow</code></td></td>
<td colspan="2">--authorization-mode string&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Default: <code>AlwaysAllow</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td style="line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;">Authorization mode for Kubelet server. Valid options are AlwaysAllow or Webhook. Webhook mode uses the SubjectAccessReview API to determine authorization. (DEPRECATED: This parameter should be set via the config file specified by the Kubelet's --config flag. See <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file/">kubelet-config-file</a> for more information.)</td>
@@ -187,27 +187,6 @@ kubelet [flags]
<td></td><td style="line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;">Domain for this cluster. If set, kubelet will configure all containers to search this domain in addition to the host's search domains (DEPRECATED: This parameter should be set via the config file specified by the Kubelet's <code>--config</code> flag. See <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file/">kubelet-config-file</a> for more information.)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">--cni-bin-dir string&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Default: <code>/opt/cni/bin</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td style="line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;">A comma-separated list of full paths of directories in which to search for CNI plugin binaries. This docker-specific flag only works when container-runtime is set to <code>docker</code>. (DEPRECATED: will be removed along with dockershim.)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">--cni-cache-dir string&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Default: <code>/var/lib/cni/cache</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td style="line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;">The full path of the directory in which CNI should store cache files. This docker-specific flag only works when container-runtime is set to <code>docker</code>. (DEPRECATED: will be removed along with dockershim.)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">--cni-conf-dir string&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Default: <code>/etc/cni/net.d</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td style="line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;">&lt;Warning: Alpha feature&gt; The full path of the directory in which to search for CNI config files. This docker-specific flag only works when container-runtime is set to <code>docker</code>. (DEPRECATED: will be removed along with dockershim.)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">--config string</td>
</tr>
@@ -230,20 +209,19 @@ kubelet [flags]
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">--container-runtime string&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Default: <code>docker</code></td>
<td colspan="2">--container-runtime string&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Default: <code>remote</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td style="line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;">The container runtime to use. Possible values: <code>docker</code>, <code>remote</code>.</td>
<td></td><td style="line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;">The container runtime to use. Possible values: <code>docker</code>, <code>remote</code>. (DEPRECATED: will be removed in 1.27 as the only valid value is 'remote')</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">--container-runtime-endpoint string&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Default: <code>unix:///var/run/dockershim.sock</code></td>
<td colspan="2">--container-runtime-endpoint string</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td style="line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;">[Experimental] The endpoint of remote runtime service. Currently unix socket endpoint is supported on Linux, while npipe and tcp endpoints are supported on windows. Examples: <code>unix:///var/run/dockershim.sock</code>, <code>npipe:////./pipe/dockershim</code>.</td>
<td></td><td style="line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;">The endpoint of remote runtime service. Unix Domain SOckets are supported on Linux, while npipe and tcp endpoints are supported on windows. Examples: <code>unix:///var/run/dockershim.sock</code>, <code>npipe:////./pipe/dockershim</code>.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">--contention-profiling</td>
</tr>
@@ -276,7 +254,7 @@ kubelet [flags]
<td colspan="2">--cpu-manager-policy-options mapStringString</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td style="line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;">Comma-separated list of options to fine-tune the behavior of the selected CPU Manager policy. If not supplied, keep the default behaviour. (DEPRECATED: This parameter should be set via the config file specified by the Kubelet's <code>--config</code> flag. See <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file/">kubelet-config-file</a> for more information.)</td>
<td></td><td style="line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;">A set of key=value CPU Manager policy options to use, to fine tune their behaviour. If not supplied, keep the default behaviour. (DEPRECATED: This parameter should be set via the config file specified by the Kubelet's <code>--config</code> flag. See <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file/">kubelet-config-file</a> for more information.)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
@@ -286,20 +264,6 @@ kubelet [flags]
<td></td><td style="line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;">&lt;Warning: Alpha feature&gt; CPU Manager reconciliation period. Examples: <code>10s</code>, or <code>1m</code>. If not supplied, defaults to node status update frequency. (DEPRECATED: This parameter should be set via the config file specified by the Kubelet's <code>--config</code> flag. See <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file/">kubelet-config-file</a> for more information.)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">--docker-endpoint string&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Default: <code>unix:///var/run/docker.sock</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td style="line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;">Use this for the <code>docker</code> endpoint to communicate with. This docker-specific flag only works when container-runtime is set to <code>docker</code>. (DEPRECATED: will be removed along with dockershim.)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">--dynamic-config-dir string</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td style="line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;">The Kubelet will use this directory for checkpointing downloaded configurations and tracking configuration health. The Kubelet will create this directory if it does not already exist. The path may be absolute or relative; relative paths start at the Kubelet's current working directory. Providing this flag enables dynamic Kubelet configuration. The <code>DynamicKubeletConfig</code> feature gate must be enabled to pass this flag. (DEPRECATED: Feature DynamicKubeletConfig is deprecated in 1.22 and will not move to GA. It is planned to be removed from Kubernetes in the version 1.24 or later. Please use alternative ways to update kubelet configuration.)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">--enable-controller-attach-detach&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Default: <code>true</code></td>
</tr>
@@ -398,13 +362,6 @@ kubelet [flags]
<td></td><td style="line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;">When set to <code>true</code>, hard eviction thresholds will be ignored while calculating node allocatable. See <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/reserve-compute-resources/">here</a> for more details. (DEPRECATED: will be removed in 1.24 or later)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">--experimental-check-node-capabilities-before-mount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td style="line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;">[Experimental] if set to <code>true</code>, the kubelet will check the underlying node for required components (binaries, etc.) before performing the mount (DEPRECATED: will be removed in 1.24 or later, in favor of using CSI.)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">--experimental-kernel-memcg-notification</td>
</tr>
@@ -412,13 +369,6 @@ kubelet [flags]
<td></td><td style="line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;">Use kernelMemcgNotification configuration, this flag will be removed in 1.24 or later. (DEPRECATED: This parameter should be set via the config file specified by the Kubelet's <code>--config</code> flag. See <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file/">kubelet-config-file</a> for more information.)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">--experimental-log-sanitization bool</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td style="line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;">[Experimental] When enabled, prevents logging of fields tagged as sensitive (passwords, keys, tokens). Runtime log sanitization may introduce significant computation overhead and therefore should not be enabled in production. (DEPRECATED: This parameter should be set via the config file specified by the Kubelet's <code>--config</code> flag. See <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file/">kubelet-config-file</a> for more information.)
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">--experimental-mounter-path string&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Default: <code>mount</code></td>
</tr>
@@ -445,83 +395,76 @@ APIServerIdentity=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
APIServerTracing=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
AllAlpha=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
AllBeta=true|false (BETA - default=false)<br/>
AnyVolumeDataSource=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
AnyVolumeDataSource=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
AppArmor=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
CPUManager=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
CPUManagerPolicyAlphaOptions=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
CPUManagerPolicyBetaOptions=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
CPUManagerPolicyOptions=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
CPUManagerPolicyOptions=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
CSIInlineVolume=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
CSIMigration=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
CSIMigrationAWS=true|false (BETA - default=false)<br/>
CSIMigrationAzureDisk=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
CSIMigrationAzureFile=true|false (BETA - default=false)<br/>
CSIMigrationAWS=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
CSIMigrationAzureFile=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
CSIMigrationGCE=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
CSIMigrationOpenStack=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
CSIMigrationPortworx=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
CSIMigrationRBD=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
CSIMigrationvSphere=true|false (BETA - default=false)<br/>
CSIStorageCapacity=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
CSIVolumeHealth=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
CSRDuration=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
ControllerManagerLeaderMigration=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
ContextualLogging=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
CronJobTimeZone=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
CustomCPUCFSQuotaPeriod=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
CustomResourceValidationExpressions=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
DaemonSetUpdateSurge=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
DefaultPodTopologySpread=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
DelegateFSGroupToCSIDriver=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
DevicePlugins=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
DisableAcceleratorUsageMetrics=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
DisableCloudProviders=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
DisableKubeletCloudCredentialProviders=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
DownwardAPIHugePages=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
EfficientWatchResumption=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
EndpointSliceTerminatingCondition=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
EphemeralContainers=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
ExpandCSIVolumes=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
ExpandInUsePersistentVolumes=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
ExpandPersistentVolumes=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
ExpandedDNSConfig=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
ExperimentalHostUserNamespaceDefaulting=true|false (BETA - default=false)<br/>
GRPCContainerProbe=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
GRPCContainerProbe=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
GracefulNodeShutdown=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
GracefulNodeShutdownBasedOnPodPriority=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
GracefulNodeShutdownBasedOnPodPriority=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
HPAContainerMetrics=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
HPAScaleToZero=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
HonorPVReclaimPolicy=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
IdentifyPodOS=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
IdentifyPodOS=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
InTreePluginAWSUnregister=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
InTreePluginAzureDiskUnregister=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
InTreePluginAzureFileUnregister=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
InTreePluginGCEUnregister=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
InTreePluginOpenStackUnregister=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
InTreePluginPortworxUnregister=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
InTreePluginRBDUnregister=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br>
InTreePluginRBDUnregister=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
InTreePluginvSphereUnregister=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
IndexedJob=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
JobMutableNodeSchedulingDirectives=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
JobReadyPods=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
JobTrackingWithFinalizers=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
KubeletCredentialProviders=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
JobReadyPods=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
JobTrackingWithFinalizers=true|false (BETA - default=false)<br/>
KubeletCredentialProviders=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
KubeletInUserNamespace=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
KubeletPodResources=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
KubeletPodResourcesGetAllocatable=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
LegacyServiceAccountTokenNoAutoGeneration=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
LocalStorageCapacityIsolation=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
LocalStorageCapacityIsolationFSQuotaMonitoring=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
LogarithmicScaleDown=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
MaxUnavailableStatefulSet=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
MemoryManager=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
MemoryQoS=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
MixedProtocolLBService=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
MinDomainsInPodTopologySpread=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
MixedProtocolLBService=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
NetworkPolicyEndPort=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
NetworkPolicyStatus=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
NodeOutOfServiceVolumeDetach=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
NodeSwap=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
NonPreemptingPriority=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
OpenAPIEnums=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
OpenAPIV3=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
PodAffinityNamespaceSelector=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
OpenAPIEnums=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
OpenAPIV3=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
PodAndContainerStatsFromCRI=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
PodDeletionCost=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
PodOverhead=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
PodSecurity=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
PreferNominatedNode=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
ProbeTerminationGracePeriod=true|false (BETA - default=false)<br/>
ProcMountType=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
ProxyTerminatingEndpoints=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
@@ -529,25 +472,22 @@ QOSReserved=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
ReadWriteOncePod=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
RecoverVolumeExpansionFailure=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
RemainingItemCount=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
RemoveSelfLink=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
SeccompDefault=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
ServerSideFieldValidation=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
ServiceIPStaticSubrange=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
ServiceInternalTrafficPolicy=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
ServiceLBNodePortControl=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
ServiceLoadBalancerClass=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
SizeMemoryBackedVolumes=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
StatefulSetAutoDeletePVC=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
StatefulSetMinReadySeconds=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
StorageVersionAPI=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
StorageVersionHash=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
SuspendJob=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
TopologyAwareHints=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
TopologyManager=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
VolumeCapacityPriority=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
WinDSR=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
WinOverlay=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
WindowsHostProcessContainers=true|false (BETA - default=true)<br/>
csiMigrationRBD=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
(DEPRECATED: This parameter should be set via the config file specified by the Kubelet's <code>--config</code> flag. See <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file/">kubelet-config-file</a> for more information.)</td>
</tr>
@@ -628,18 +568,11 @@ csiMigrationRBD=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
<td></td><td style="line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;">The percent of disk usage before which image garbage collection is never run. Lowest disk usage to garbage collect to. Values must be within the range [0, 100] and should not be larger than that of <code>--image-gc-high-threshold</code>. (DEPRECATED: This parameter should be set via the config file specified by the Kubelet's <code>--config</code> flag. See <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file/">kubelet-config-file</a> for more information.)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">--image-pull-progress-deadline duration&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Default: <code>1m0s</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td style="line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;">If no pulling progress is made before this deadline, the image pulling will be cancelled. This docker-specific flag only works when container-runtime is set to <code>docker</code>. (DEPRECATED: will be removed along with dockershim.)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">--image-service-endpoint string</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td style="line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;">[Experimental] The endpoint of remote image service. If not specified, it will be the same with <code>--container-runtime-endpoint</code> by default. Currently UNIX socket endpoint is supported on Linux, while npipe and TCP endpoints are supported on Windows. Examples: <code>unix:///var/run/dockershim.sock</code>, <code>npipe:////./pipe/dockershim</code></td>
<td></td><td style="line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;">[Experimental] The endpoint of remote image service. If not specified, it will be the same with <code>--container-runtime-endpoint</code> by default. Unix Domain Socket are supported on Linux, while npipe and TCP endpoints are supported on Windows. Examples: <code>unix:///var/run/dockershim.sock</code>, <code>npipe:////./pipe/dockershim</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
@@ -866,20 +799,6 @@ csiMigrationRBD=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
<td></td><td style="line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;">Minimum age for an unused image before it is garbage collected. Examples: <code>'300ms'</code>, <code>'10s'</code> or <code>'2h45m'</code>. (DEPRECATED: This parameter should be set via the config file specified by the Kubelet's <code>--config</code> flag. See <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file/">kubelet-config-file</a> for more information.)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">--network-plugin string</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td style="line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;">The name of the network plugin to be invoked for various events in kubelet/pod lifecycle. This docker-specific flag only works when container-runtime is set to <code>docker</code>. (DEPRECATED: will be removed along with dockershim.)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">--network-plugin-mtu int32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td style="line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;">The MTU to be passed to the network plugin, to override the default. Set to <code>0</code> to use the default 1460 MTU. This docker-specific flag only works when container-runtime is set to <code>docker</code>. (DEPRECATED: will be removed along with dockershim.)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">--node-ip string</td>
</tr>
@@ -908,13 +827,6 @@ csiMigrationRBD=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
<td></td><td style="line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;">Specifies how often kubelet posts node status to master. Note: be cautious when changing the constant, it must work with <code>nodeMonitorGracePeriod</code> in Node controller. (DEPRECATED: This parameter should be set via the config file specified by the Kubelet's <code>--config</code> flag. See <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file/">kubelet-config-file</a> for more information.)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">--non-masquerade-cidr string&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Default: <code>10.0.0.0/8</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td style="line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;">Traffic to IPs outside this range will use IP masquerade. Set to <code>'0.0.0.0/0'</code> to never masquerade. (DEPRECATED: will be removed in a future version)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">--one-output</td>
</tr>
@@ -999,13 +911,6 @@ csiMigrationRBD=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
<td></td><td style="line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;">The read-only port for the kubelet to serve on with no authentication/authorization (set to <code>0</code> to disable). (DEPRECATED: This parameter should be set via the config file specified by the Kubelet's <code>--config</code> flag. See <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file/">kubelet-config-file</a> for more information.)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">--really-crash-for-testing</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td style="line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;">If true, when panics occur crash. Intended for testing. (DEPRECATED: will be removed in a future version.)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">--register-node&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Default: <code>true</code></td>
</tr>
@@ -1105,7 +1010,7 @@ csiMigrationRBD=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">--seccomp-default RuntimeDefault</td>
<td colspan="2">--seccomp-default string</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td style="line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;">&lt;Warning: Alpha feature&gt; Enable the use of <code>RuntimeDefault</code> as the default seccomp profile for all workloads. The <code>SeccompDefault</code> feature gate must be enabled to allow this flag, which is disabled by default.</td>
@@ -1187,10 +1092,10 @@ csiMigrationRBD=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)<br/>
<tr>
<td></td><td style="line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;">Comma-separated list of cipher suites for the server. If omitted, the default Go cipher suites will be used.<br/>
Preferred values:
TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256, TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA, TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA, TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305, TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256, TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA, TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA, TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305, TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256, TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA, TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA, TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384<br/>
Insecure values:
TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256, TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA, TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256, TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA, TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256, TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA.
(DEPRECATED: This parameter should be set via the config file specified by the Kubelet's --config flag. See <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file/">kubelet-config-file</a> for more information.)
`TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256`, `TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384`, `TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256`, `TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA`, `TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256`, `TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA`, `TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384`, `TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305`, `TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256`, `TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA`, `TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256`, `TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA`, `TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384`, `TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305`, `TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256`, `TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA`, `TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256`, `TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA`, `TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384`<br/>
Insecure values:<br/>
`TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256`, `TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA`, `TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA`, `TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256`, `TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA`, `TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA`, `TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256`, `TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA`.<br/>
(DEPRECATED: This parameter should be set via the config file specified by the Kubelet's `--config` flag. See <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file/">kubelet-config-file</a> for more information.)
</tr>
<tr>
@@ -1237,7 +1142,7 @@ TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256, TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA, TLS_E
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">--vmodule &lt;A list of 'pattern=N' string&gt;</td>
<td colspan="2">--vmodule &lt;A list of 'pattern=N' strings&gt;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td style="line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;">Comma-separated list of <code>pattern=N</code> settings for file-filtered logging</td>
@@ -1159,7 +1159,7 @@ This information will be annotated to the Node API object, for later re-use</p>
<a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/v1.23/#taint-v1-core"><code>[]core/v1.Taint</code></a>
</td>
<td>
<p><code>tains</code> specifies the taints the Node API object should be registered with.
<p><code>taints</code> specifies the taints the Node API object should be registered with.
If this field is unset, i.e. nil, in the <code>kubeadm init</code> process it will be defaulted
with a control-plane taint for control-plane nodes.
If you don't want to taint your control-plane node, set this field to an empty list,
@@ -22,6 +22,6 @@ When an `Eviction` object is created, the API server terminates the Pod.
API-initiated evictions respect your configured [`PodDisruptionBudgets`](/docs/tasks/run-application/configure-pdb/)
and [`terminationGracePeriodSeconds`](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle#pod-termination).
API-initiated eviction is not the same as [node-pressure eviction](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/eviction/#kubelet-eviction).
API-initiated eviction is not the same as [node-pressure eviction](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/node-pressure-eviction/).
* See [API-initiated eviction](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/api-eviction/) for more information.
@@ -2,9 +2,10 @@
title: Extensions
id: Extensions
date: 2019-02-01
full_link: /docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/extend-cluster/#extensions
full_link: /docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/#extensions
short_description: >
Extensions are software components that extend and deeply integrate with Kubernetes to support new types of hardware.
Extensions are software components that extend and deeply integrate with Kubernetes to support
new types of hardware.
aka:
tags:
@@ -15,4 +16,6 @@ tags:
<!--more-->
Many cluster administrators use a hosted or distribution instance of Kubernetes. These clusters come with extensions pre-installed. As a result, most Kubernetes users will not need to install [extensions](/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/extend-cluster/#extensions) and even fewer users will need to author new ones.
Many cluster administrators use a hosted or distribution instance of Kubernetes. These clusters
come with extensions pre-installed. As a result, most Kubernetes users will not need to install
[extensions](/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/) and even fewer users will need to author new ones.
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
title: Garbage Collection
id: garbage-collection
date: 2021-07-07
full_link: /docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/garbage-collection/
full_link: /docs/concepts/architecture/garbage-collection/
short_description: >
A collective term for the various mechanisms Kubernetes uses to clean up cluster
resources.
@@ -12,13 +12,16 @@ tags:
- fundamental
- operation
---
Garbage collection is a collective term for the various mechanisms Kubernetes uses to clean up
cluster resources.
Garbage collection is a collective term for the various mechanisms Kubernetes uses to clean up
cluster resources.
<!--more-->
Kubernetes uses garbage collection to clean up resources like [unused containers and images](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/garbage-collection/#containers-images),
Kubernetes uses garbage collection to clean up resources like
[unused containers and images](/docs/concepts/architecture/garbage-collection/#containers-images),
[failed Pods](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/#pod-garbage-collection),
[objects owned by the targeted resource](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/owners-dependents/),
[completed Jobs](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/ttlafterfinished/), and resources
that have expired or failed.
that have expired or failed.
@@ -68,6 +68,11 @@ kubectl config get-contexts # display list of contexts
kubectl config current-context # display the current-context
kubectl config use-context my-cluster-name # set the default context to my-cluster-name
kubectl config set-cluster my-cluster-name # set a cluster entry in the kubeconfig
# configure the URL to a proxy server to use for requests made by this client in the kubeconfig
kubectl config set-cluster my-cluster-name --proxy-url=my-proxy-url
# add a new user to your kubeconf that supports basic auth
kubectl config set-credentials kubeuser/foo.kubernetes.com --username=kubeuser --password=kubepassword
@@ -182,6 +187,9 @@ kubectl get pods --selector=app=cassandra -o \
kubectl get configmap myconfig \
-o jsonpath='{.data.ca\.crt}'
# Retrieve a base64 encoded value with dashes instead of underscores.
kubectl get secret my-secret --template='{{index .data "key-name-with-dashes"}}'
# Get all worker nodes (use a selector to exclude results that have a label
# named 'node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane')
kubectl get node --selector='!node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane'
@@ -618,6 +618,16 @@ or updating objects that contain Pod templates, such as Deployments, Jobs, State
See [Enforcing Pod Security at the Namespace Level](/docs/concepts/security/pod-security-admission)
for more information.
### kubernetes.io/psp (deprecated) {#kubernetes-io-psp}
Example: `kubernetes.io/psp: restricted`
This annotation is only relevant if you are using [PodSecurityPolicies](/docs/concepts/security/pod-security-policy/).
When the PodSecurityPolicy admission controller admits a Pod, the admission controller
modifies the Pod to have this annotation.
The value of the annotation is the name of the PodSecurityPolicy that was used for validation.
### seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod (deprecated) {#seccomp-security-alpha-kubernetes-io-pod}
This annotation has been deprecated since Kubernetes v1.19 and will become non-functional in v1.25.
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ extension points:
and [node affinity](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/assign-pod-node/#node-affinity).
Extension points: `filter`, `score`.
- `PodTopologySpread`: Implements
[Pod topology spread](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-topology-spread-constraints/).
[Pod topology spread](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/topology-spread-constraints/).
Extension points: `preFilter`, `filter`, `preScore`, `score`.
- `NodeUnschedulable`: Filters out nodes that have `.spec.unschedulable` set to
true.
@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@ title: kubeadm init
content_type: concept
weight: 20
---
<!-- overview -->
This command initializes a Kubernetes control-plane node.
<!-- body -->
@@ -26,12 +28,12 @@ following steps:
1. Generates a self-signed CA to set up identities for each component in the cluster. The user can provide their
own CA cert and/or key by dropping it in the cert directory configured via `--cert-dir`
(`/etc/kubernetes/pki` by default).
The APIServer certs will have additional SAN entries for any `--apiserver-cert-extra-sans` arguments, lowercased if necessary.
The APIServer certs will have additional SAN entries for any `--apiserver-cert-extra-sans`
arguments, lowercased if necessary.
1. Writes kubeconfig files in `/etc/kubernetes/` for
the kubelet, the controller-manager and the scheduler to use to connect to the
API server, each with its own identity, as well as an additional
kubeconfig file for administration named `admin.conf`.
1. Writes kubeconfig files in `/etc/kubernetes/` for the kubelet, the controller-manager and the
scheduler to use to connect to the API server, each with its own identity, as well as an
additional kubeconfig file for administration named `admin.conf`.
1. Generates static Pod manifests for the API server,
controller-manager and scheduler. In case an external etcd is not provided,
@@ -76,10 +78,12 @@ following steps:
Kubeadm allows you to create a control-plane node in phases using the `kubeadm init phase` command.
To view the ordered list of phases and sub-phases you can call `kubeadm init --help`. The list will be located at the top of the help screen and each phase will have a description next to it.
To view the ordered list of phases and sub-phases you can call `kubeadm init --help`. The list
will be located at the top of the help screen and each phase will have a description next to it.
Note that by calling `kubeadm init` all of the phases and sub-phases will be executed in this exact order.
Some phases have unique flags, so if you want to have a look at the list of available options add `--help`, for example:
Some phases have unique flags, so if you want to have a look at the list of available options add
`--help`, for example:
```shell
sudo kubeadm init phase control-plane controller-manager --help
@@ -91,7 +95,8 @@ You can also use `--help` to see the list of sub-phases for a certain parent pha
sudo kubeadm init phase control-plane --help
```
`kubeadm init` also exposes a flag called `--skip-phases` that can be used to skip certain phases. The flag accepts a list of phase names and the names can be taken from the above ordered list.
`kubeadm init` also exposes a flag called `--skip-phases` that can be used to skip certain phases.
The flag accepts a list of phase names and the names can be taken from the above ordered list.
An example:
@@ -102,7 +107,10 @@ sudo kubeadm init phase etcd local --config=configfile.yaml
sudo kubeadm init --skip-phases=control-plane,etcd --config=configfile.yaml
```
What this example would do is write the manifest files for the control plane and etcd in `/etc/kubernetes/manifests` based on the configuration in `configfile.yaml`. This allows you to modify the files and then skip these phases using `--skip-phases`. By calling the last command you will create a control plane node with the custom manifest files.
What this example would do is write the manifest files for the control plane and etcd in
`/etc/kubernetes/manifests` based on the configuration in `configfile.yaml`. This allows you to
modify the files and then skip these phases using `--skip-phases`. By calling the last command you
will create a control plane node with the custom manifest files.
{{< feature-state for_k8s_version="v1.22" state="beta" >}}
@@ -249,7 +257,7 @@ To set a custom image for these you need to configure this in your
to use the image.
Consult the documentation for your container runtime to find out how to change this setting;
for selected container runtimes, you can also find advice within the
[Container Runtimes]((/docs/setup/production-environment/container-runtimes/) topic.
[Container Runtimes](/docs/setup/production-environment/container-runtimes/) topic.
### Uploading control-plane certificates to the cluster
@@ -284,30 +292,35 @@ and certificate renewal.
### Managing the kubeadm drop-in file for the kubelet {#kubelet-drop-in}
The `kubeadm` package ships with a configuration file for running the `kubelet` by `systemd`. Note that the kubeadm CLI never touches this drop-in file. This drop-in file is part of the kubeadm DEB/RPM package.
The `kubeadm` package ships with a configuration file for running the `kubelet` by `systemd`.
Note that the kubeadm CLI never touches this drop-in file. This drop-in file is part of the kubeadm
DEB/RPM package.
For further information, see [Managing the kubeadm drop-in file for systemd](/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/kubelet-integration/#the-kubelet-drop-in-file-for-systemd).
For further information, see
[Managing the kubeadm drop-in file for systemd](/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/kubelet-integration/#the-kubelet-drop-in-file-for-systemd).
### Use kubeadm with CRI runtimes
By default kubeadm attempts to detect your container runtime. For more details on this detection, see
the [kubeadm CRI installation guide](/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/install-kubeadm/#installing-runtime).
By default kubeadm attempts to detect your container runtime. For more details on this detection,
see the [kubeadm CRI installation guide](/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/install-kubeadm/#installing-runtime).
### Setting the node name
By default, `kubeadm` assigns a node name based on a machine's host address. You can override this setting with the `--node-name` flag.
By default, `kubeadm` assigns a node name based on a machine's host address.
You can override this setting with the `--node-name` flag.
The flag passes the appropriate [`--hostname-override`](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kubelet/#options)
value to the kubelet.
Be aware that overriding the hostname can [interfere with cloud providers](https://github.com/kubernetes/website/pull/8873).
Be aware that overriding the hostname can
[interfere with cloud providers](https://github.com/kubernetes/website/pull/8873).
### Automating kubeadm
Rather than copying the token you obtained from `kubeadm init` to each node, as
in the [basic kubeadm tutorial](/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/create-cluster-kubeadm/), you can parallelize the
token distribution for easier automation. To implement this automation, you must
know the IP address that the control-plane node will have after it is started,
or use a DNS name or an address of a load balancer.
in the [basic kubeadm tutorial](/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/create-cluster-kubeadm/),
you can parallelize the token distribution for easier automation. To implement this automation,
you must know the IP address that the control-plane node will have after it is started, or use a
DNS name or an address of a load balancer.
1. Generate a token. This token must have the form `<6 character string>.<16
character string>`. More formally, it must match the regex:
@@ -341,7 +354,11 @@ provisioned). For details, see the [kubeadm join](/docs/reference/setup-tools/ku
## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
* [kubeadm init phase](/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-init-phase/) to understand more about
`kubeadm init` phases
* [kubeadm join](/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-join/) to bootstrap a Kubernetes worker node and join it to the cluster
* [kubeadm upgrade](/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-upgrade/) to upgrade a Kubernetes cluster to a newer version
* [kubeadm reset](/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-reset/) to revert any changes made to this host by `kubeadm init` or `kubeadm join`
`kubeadm init` phases
* [kubeadm join](/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-join/) to bootstrap a Kubernetes
worker node and join it to the cluster
* [kubeadm upgrade](/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-upgrade/) to upgrade a Kubernetes
cluster to a newer version
* [kubeadm reset](/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-reset/) to revert any changes made
to this host by `kubeadm init` or `kubeadm join`
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ The JSON and Protobuf serialization schemas follow the same guidelines for
schema changes. The following descriptions cover both formats.
The API versioning and software versioning are indirectly related.
The [API and release versioning proposal](https://git.k8s.io/design-proposals-archive/release/versioning.md)
The [API and release versioning proposal](https://git.k8s.io/sig-release/release-engineering/versioning.md)
describes the relationship between API versioning and software versioning.
Different API versions indicate different levels of stability and support. You
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ These labels can include
If your cluster spans multiple zones or regions, you can use node labels
in conjunction with
[Pod topology spread constraints](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-topology-spread-constraints/)
[Pod topology spread constraints](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/topology-spread-constraints/)
to control how Pods are spread across your cluster among fault domains:
regions, zones, and even specific nodes.
These hints enable the
@@ -179,9 +179,9 @@ Follow the instructions for [getting started with containerd](https://github.com
{{% tab name="Linux" %}}
You can find this file under the path `/etc/containerd/config.toml`.
{{% /tab %}}
{{< tab name="Windows" >}}
{{% tab name="Windows" %}}
You can find this file under the path `C:\Program Files\containerd\config.toml`.
{{< /tab >}}
{{% /tab %}}
{{< /tabs >}}
On Linux the default CRI socket for containerd is `/run/containerd/containerd.sock`.
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ When using kubeadm, manually configure the
#### Overriding the sandbox (pause) image {#override-pause-image-containerd}
In your [containerd config](https://github.com/containerd/cri/blob/master/docs/config.md) you can overwrite the
In your [containerd config](https://github.com/containerd/containerd/blob/main/docs/cri/config.md) you can overwrite the
sandbox image by setting the following config:
```toml
@@ -8,19 +8,24 @@ weight: 30
This quickstart helps to install a Kubernetes cluster hosted on GCE, Azure, OpenStack, AWS, vSphere, Equinix Metal (formerly Packet), Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (Experimental) or Baremetal with [Kubespray](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kubespray).
Kubespray is a composition of [Ansible](https://docs.ansible.com/) playbooks, [inventory](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kubespray/blob/master/docs/ansible.md), provisioning tools, and domain knowledge for generic OS/Kubernetes clusters configuration management tasks. Kubespray provides:
Kubespray is a composition of [Ansible](https://docs.ansible.com/) playbooks, [inventory](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kubespray/blob/master/docs/ansible.md#inventory), provisioning tools, and domain knowledge for generic OS/Kubernetes clusters configuration management tasks.
* a highly available cluster
* composable attributes
* support for most popular Linux distributions
* Ubuntu 16.04, 18.04, 20.04
* CentOS/RHEL/Oracle Linux 7, 8
* Debian Buster, Jessie, Stretch, Wheezy
* Fedora 31, 32
* Fedora CoreOS
* openSUSE Leap 15
* Flatcar Container Linux by Kinvolk
* continuous integration tests
Kubespray provides:
* Highly available cluster.
* Composable (Choice of the network plugin for instance).
* Supports most popular Linux distributions:
- Flatcar Container Linux by Kinvolk
- Debian Bullseye, Buster, Jessie, Stretch
- Ubuntu 16.04, 18.04, 20.04, 22.04
- CentOS/RHEL 7, 8
- Fedora 34, 35
- Fedora CoreOS
- openSUSE Leap 15.x/Tumbleweed
- Oracle Linux 7, 8
- Alma Linux 8
- Rocky Linux 8
- Amazon Linux 2
* Continuous integration tests.
To choose a tool which best fits your use case, read [this comparison](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kubespray/blob/master/docs/comparisons.md) to
[kubeadm](/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/) and [kops](/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kops/).
@@ -33,13 +38,13 @@ To choose a tool which best fits your use case, read [this comparison](https://g
Provision servers with the following [requirements](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kubespray#requirements):
* **Ansible v2.9 and python-netaddr are installed on the machine that will run Ansible commands**
* **Jinja 2.11 (or newer) is required to run the Ansible Playbooks**
* The target servers must have access to the Internet in order to pull docker images. Otherwise, additional configuration is required ([See Offline Environment](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kubespray/blob/master/docs/offline-environment.md))
* The target servers are configured to allow **IPv4 forwarding**
* **Your ssh key must be copied** to all the servers in your inventory
* **Firewalls are not managed by kubespray**. You'll need to implement appropriate rules as needed. You should disable your firewall in order to avoid any issues during deployment
* If kubespray is run from a non-root user account, correct privilege escalation method should be configured in the target servers and the `ansible_become` flag or command parameters `--become` or `-b` should be specified
* **Minimum required version of Kubernetes is v1.22**
* **Ansible v2.11+, Jinja 2.11+ and python-netaddr is installed on the machine that will run Ansible commands**
* The target servers must have **access to the Internet** in order to pull docker images. Otherwise, additional configuration is required See ([Offline Environment](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kubespray/blob/master/docs/offline-environment.md))
* The target servers are configured to allow **IPv4 forwarding**.
* If using IPv6 for pods and services, the target servers are configured to allow **IPv6 forwarding**.
* The **firewalls are not managed**, you'll need to implement your own rules the way you used to. in order to avoid any issue during deployment you should disable your firewall.
* If kubespray is run from non-root user account, correct privilege escalation method should be configured in the target servers. Then the `ansible_become` flag or command parameters `--become` or `-b` should be specified.
Kubespray provides the following utilities to help provision your environment:
@@ -110,11 +115,10 @@ When running the reset playbook, be sure not to accidentally target your product
## Feedback
* Slack Channel: [#kubespray](https://kubernetes.slack.com/messages/kubespray/) (You can get your invite [here](https://slack.k8s.io/))
* [GitHub Issues](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kubespray/issues)
* Slack Channel: [#kubespray](https://kubernetes.slack.com/messages/kubespray/) (You can get your invite [here](https://slack.k8s.io/)).
* [GitHub Issues](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kubespray/issues).
## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
Check out planned work on Kubespray's [roadmap](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kubespray/blob/master/docs/roadmap.md).
* Check out planned work on Kubespray's [roadmap](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kubespray/blob/master/docs/roadmap.md).
* Learn more about [Kubespray](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kubespray).
@@ -27,12 +27,12 @@ The configuration file must be a JSON or YAML representation of the parameters
in this struct. Make sure the Kubelet has read permissions on the file.
Here is an example of what this file might look like:
```
```yaml
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
address: "192.168.0.8",
port: 20250,
serializeImagePulls: false,
address: "192.168.0.8"
port: 20250
serializeImagePulls: false
evictionHard:
memory.available: "200Mi"
```
@@ -41,13 +41,12 @@ See [Running kind with Rootless Docker](https://kind.sigs.k8s.io/docs/user/rootl
### minikube
[minikube](https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/) also supports running Kubernetes inside Rootless Docker.
[minikube](https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/) also supports running Kubernetes inside Rootless Docker or Rootless Podman.
See the page about the [docker](https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/drivers/docker/) driver in the Minikube documentation.
See the Minikube documentation:
Rootless Podman is not supported.
<!-- Supporting rootless podman is discussed in https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube/issues/8719 -->
* [Rootless Docker](https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/drivers/docker/)
* [Rootless Podman](https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/drivers/podman/)
## Running Kubernetes inside Unprivileged Containers
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ reviewers:
- bowei
- zihongz
- sftim
title: Using NodeLocal DNSCache in Kubernetes clusters
title: Using NodeLocal DNSCache in Kubernetes Clusters
content_type: task
---
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ hostnames ("`cluster.local`" suffix by default).
[conntrack races](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/56903)
and avoid UDP DNS entries filling up conntrack table.
* Connections from local caching agent to kube-dns service can be upgraded to TCP.
* Connections from the local caching agent to kube-dns service can be upgraded to TCP.
TCP conntrack entries will be removed on connection close in contrast with
UDP entries that have to timeout
([default](https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/networking/nf_conntrack-sysctl.txt)
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ hostnames ("`cluster.local`" suffix by default).
* Metrics & visibility into DNS requests at a node level.
* Negative caching can be re-enabled, thereby reducing number of queries to kube-dns service.
* Negative caching can be re-enabled, thereby reducing the number of queries for the kube-dns service.
## Architecture Diagram
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ This is the path followed by DNS Queries after NodeLocal DNSCache is enabled:
{{< note >}}
The local listen IP address for NodeLocal DNSCache can be any address that
can be guaranteed to not collide with any existing IP in your cluster.
It's recommended to use an address with a local scope, per example,
It's recommended to use an address with a local scope, for example,
from the 'link-local' range '169.254.0.0/16' for IPv4 or from the
'Unique Local Address' range in IPv6 'fd00::/8'.
{{< /note >}}
@@ -77,9 +77,9 @@ This feature can be enabled using the following steps:
[`nodelocaldns.yaml`](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/cluster/addons/dns/nodelocaldns/nodelocaldns.yaml)
and save it as `nodelocaldns.yaml.`
* If using IPv6, the CoreDNS configuration file need to enclose all the IPv6 addresses
* If using IPv6, the CoreDNS configuration file needs to enclose all the IPv6 addresses
into square brackets if used in 'IP:Port' format.
If you are using the sample manifest from the previous point, this will require to modify
If you are using the sample manifest from the previous point, this will require you to modify
[the configuration line L70](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/b2ecd1b3a3192fbbe2b9e348e095326f51dc43dd/cluster/addons/dns/nodelocaldns/nodelocaldns.yaml#L70)
like this: "`health [__PILLAR__LOCAL__DNS__]:8080`"
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ This feature can be enabled using the following steps:
`__PILLAR__CLUSTER__DNS__` and `__PILLAR__UPSTREAM__SERVERS__` will be populated by
the `node-local-dns` pods.
In this mode, the `node-local-dns` pods listen on both the kube-dns service IP
as well as `<node-local-address>`, so pods can lookup DNS records using either IP address.
as well as `<node-local-address>`, so pods can look up DNS records using either IP address.
* If kube-proxy is running in IPVS mode:
@@ -68,5 +68,5 @@ e.g. [conformance image](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/te
admission controller. To get started with `cosigned` here are a few helpful
resources:
* [Installation](https://github.com/sigstore/helm-charts/tree/main/charts/cosigned)
* [Configuration Options](https://github.com/sigstore/cosign/tree/main/config)
* [Installation](https://github.com/sigstore/cosign#installation)
* [Configuration Options](https://github.com/sigstore/cosign/blob/main/USAGE.md#detailed-usage)
@@ -24,11 +24,11 @@ This task shows you how to debug a StatefulSet.
## Debugging a StatefulSet
In order to list all the pods which belong to a StatefulSet, which have a label `app=myapp` set on them,
In order to list all the pods which belong to a StatefulSet, which have a label `app.kubernetes.io/name=MyApp` set on them,
you can use the following:
```shell
kubectl get pods -l app=myapp
kubectl get pods -l app.kubernetes.io/name=MyApp
```
If you find that any Pods listed are in `Unknown` or `Terminating` state for an extended period of time,
@@ -362,9 +362,9 @@ and create it:
kubectl create --validate=false -f my-crontab.yaml -o yaml
```
your output is similar to:
Your output is similar to:
```console
```yaml
apiVersion: stable.example.com/v1
kind: CronTab
metadata:
@@ -836,7 +836,7 @@ Validation Rules Examples:
| `has(self.expired) && self.created + self.ttl < self.expired` | Validate that 'expired' date is after a 'create' date plus a 'ttl' duration |
| `self.health.startsWith('ok')` | Validate a 'health' string field has the prefix 'ok' |
| `self.widgets.exists(w, w.key == 'x' && w.foo < 10)` | Validate that the 'foo' property of a listMap item with a key 'x' is less than 10 |
| `type(self) == string ? self == '100%' : self == 1000` | Validate an int-or-string field for both the the int and string cases |
| `type(self) == string ? self == '100%' : self == 1000` | Validate an int-or-string field for both the int and string cases |
| `self.metadata.name.startsWith(self.prefix)` | Validate that an object's name has the prefix of another field value |
| `self.set1.all(e, !(e in self.set2))` | Validate that two listSets are disjoint |
| `size(self.names) == size(self.details) && self.names.all(n, n in self.details)` | Validate the 'details' map is keyed by the items in the 'names' listSet |
@@ -844,7 +844,6 @@ Validation Rules Examples:
Xref: [Supported evaluation on CEL](https://github.com/google/cel-spec/blob/v0.6.0/doc/langdef.md#evaluation)
- If the Rule is scoped to the root of a resource, it may make field selection into any fields
declared in the OpenAPIv3 schema of the CRD as well as `apiVersion`, `kind`, `metadata.name` and
`metadata.generateName`. This includes selection of fields in both the `spec` and `status` in the
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ description: Configure the kubelet's image credential provider plugin
content_type: task
---
{{< feature-state for_k8s_version="v1.20" state="alpha" >}}
{{< feature-state for_k8s_version="v1.24" state="beta" >}}
<!-- overview -->
@@ -165,8 +165,8 @@ kubectl create --edit -f /tmp/srv.yaml
## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
* [Managing Kubernetes Objects Using Object Configuration (Imperative)](/docs/tasks/manage-kubernetes-objects/imperative-config/)
* [Managing Kubernetes Objects Using Object Configuration (Declarative)](/docs/tasks/manage-kubernetes-objects/declarative-config/)
* [Imperative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files](/docs/tasks/manage-kubernetes-objects/imperative-config/)
* [Declarative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files](/docs/tasks/manage-kubernetes-objects/declarative-config/)
* [Kubectl Command Reference](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands/)
* [Kubernetes API Reference](/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/{{< param "version" >}}/)
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ template:
* [Managing Kubernetes Objects Using Imperative Commands](/docs/tasks/manage-kubernetes-objects/imperative-command/)
* [Managing Kubernetes Objects Using Object Configuration (Declarative)](/docs/tasks/manage-kubernetes-objects/declarative-config/)
* [Declarative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files](/docs/tasks/manage-kubernetes-objects/declarative-config/)
* [Kubectl Command Reference](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands/)
* [Kubernetes API Reference](/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/{{< param "version" >}}/)
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ spec:
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 9376
selector:
app: MyApp
app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
sessionAffinity: None
type: ClusterIP
status:
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
labels:
app: MyApp
app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
name: my-service
spec:
clusterIP: fd00::5118
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ spec:
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 80
selector:
app: MyApp
app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
sessionAffinity: None
type: ClusterIP
status:
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ Create the following Service that explicitly defines `PreferDualStack` in `.spec
The `kubectl get svc` command will only show the primary IP in the `CLUSTER-IP` field.
```shell
kubectl get svc -l app=MyApp
kubectl get svc -l app.kubernetes.io/name=MyApp
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
my-service ClusterIP 10.0.216.242 <none> 80/TCP 5s
@@ -197,15 +197,15 @@ my-service ClusterIP 10.0.216.242 <none> 80/TCP 5s
Validate that the Service gets cluster IPs from the IPv4 and IPv6 address blocks using `kubectl describe`. You may then validate access to the service via the IPs and ports.
```shell
kubectl describe svc -l app=MyApp
kubectl describe svc -l app.kubernetes.io/name=MyApp
```
```
Name: my-service
Namespace: default
Labels: app=MyApp
Labels: app.kubernetes.io/name=MyApp
Annotations: <none>
Selector: app=MyApp
Selector: app.kubernetes.io/name=MyApp
Type: ClusterIP
IP Family Policy: PreferDualStack
IP Families: IPv4,IPv6
@@ -220,14 +220,14 @@ Events: <none>
### Create a dual-stack load balanced Service
If the cloud provider supports the provisioning of IPv6 enabled external load balancers, create the following Service with `PreferDualStack` in `.spec.ipFamilyPolicy`, `IPv6` as the first element of the `.spec.ipFamilies` array and the `type` field set to `LoadBalancer`.
If the cloud provider supports the provisioning of IPv6 enabled external load balancers, create the following Service with `PreferDualStack` in `.spec.ipFamilyPolicy`, `IPv6` as the first element of the `.spec.ipFamilies` array and the `type` field set to `LoadBalancer`.
{{< codenew file="service/networking/dual-stack-prefer-ipv6-lb-svc.yaml" >}}
Check the Service:
```shell
kubectl get svc -l app=MyApp
kubectl get svc -l app.kubernetes.io/name=MyApp
```
Validate that the Service receives a `CLUSTER-IP` address from the IPv6 address block along with an `EXTERNAL-IP`. You may then validate access to the service via the IP and port.
@@ -50,10 +50,10 @@ For example:
kubectl delete -f <file.yaml> --cascade=orphan
```
By passing `--cascade=orphan` to `kubectl delete`, the Pods managed by the StatefulSet are left behind even after the StatefulSet object itself is deleted. If the pods have a label `app=myapp`, you can then delete them as follows:
By passing `--cascade=orphan` to `kubectl delete`, the Pods managed by the StatefulSet are left behind even after the StatefulSet object itself is deleted. If the pods have a label `app.kubernetes.io/name=MyApp`, you can then delete them as follows:
```shell
kubectl delete pods -l app=myapp
kubectl delete pods -l app.kubernetes.io/name=MyApp
```
### Persistent Volumes
@@ -70,13 +70,13 @@ To delete everything in a StatefulSet, including the associated pods, you can ru
```shell
grace=$(kubectl get pods <stateful-set-pod> --template '{{.spec.terminationGracePeriodSeconds}}')
kubectl delete statefulset -l app=myapp
kubectl delete statefulset -l app.kubernetes.io/name=MyApp
sleep $grace
kubectl delete pvc -l app=myapp
kubectl delete pvc -l app.kubernetes.io/name=MyApp
```
In the example above, the Pods have the label `app=myapp`; substitute your own label as appropriate.
In the example above, the Pods have the label `app.kubernetes.io/name=MyApp`; substitute your own label as appropriate.
### Force deletion of StatefulSet pods
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ draft](https://github.com/ietf-wg-acme/acme/).
{{< note >}}
Certificates created using the `certificates.k8s.io` API are signed by a
[dedicated CA](#a-note-to-cluster-administrators). It is possible to configure your cluster to use the cluster root
[dedicated CA](#configuring-your-cluster-to-provide-signing). It is possible to configure your cluster to use the cluster root
CA for this purpose, but you should never rely on this. Do not assume that
these certificates will validate against the cluster root CA.
{{< /note >}}
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ install it via your operating system's software sources, or fetch it from
## Trusting TLS in a cluster
Trusting the [custom CA](#a-note-to-cluster-administrators) from an application running as a pod usually requires
Trusting the [custom CA](#configuring-your-cluster-to-provide-signing) from an application running as a pod usually requires
some extra application configuration. You will need to add the CA certificate
bundle to the list of CA certificates that the TLS client or server trusts. For
example, you would do this with a golang TLS config by parsing the certificate
@@ -110,9 +110,19 @@ For example, to download version {{< param "fullversion" >}} on Linux, type:
```shell
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl
sudo apt-get install -y ca-certificates curl
```
{{< note >}}
If you use Debian 9 (stretch) or earlier you would also need to install `apt-transport-https`:
```shell
sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https
```
{{< /note >}}
2. Download the Google Cloud public signing key:
```shell
@@ -6,34 +6,63 @@ weight: 10
<!-- overview -->
In this tutorial you will learn how and why to externalize your microservices configuration. Specifically, you will learn how to use Kubernetes ConfigMaps and Secrets to set environment variables and then consume them using MicroProfile Config.
In this tutorial you will learn how and why to externalize your microservices configuration.
Specifically, you will learn how to use Kubernetes ConfigMaps and Secrets to set environment
variables and then consume them using MicroProfile Config.
## {{% heading "prerequisites" %}}
### Creating Kubernetes ConfigMaps & Secrets
There are several ways to set environment variables for a Docker container in Kubernetes, including: Dockerfile, kubernetes.yml, Kubernetes ConfigMaps, and Kubernetes Secrets. In the tutorial, you will learn how to use the latter two for setting your environment variables whose values will be injected into your microservices. One of the benefits for using ConfigMaps and Secrets is that they can be re-used across multiple containers, including being assigned to different environment variables for the different containers.
ConfigMaps are API Objects that store non-confidential key-value pairs. In the Interactive Tutorial you will learn how to use a ConfigMap to store the application's name. For more information regarding ConfigMaps, you can find the documentation [here](/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-pod-configmap/).
There are several ways to set environment variables for a Docker container in Kubernetes,
including: Dockerfile, kubernetes.yml, Kubernetes ConfigMaps, and Kubernetes Secrets. In the
tutorial, you will learn how to use the latter two for setting your environment variables whose
values will be injected into your microservices. One of the benefits for using ConfigMaps and
Secrets is that they can be re-used across multiple containers, including being assigned to
different environment variables for the different containers.
Although Secrets are also used to store key-value pairs, they differ from ConfigMaps in that they're intended for confidential/sensitive information and are stored using Base64 encoding. This makes secrets the appropriate choice for storing such things as credentials, keys, and tokens, the former of which you'll do in the Interactive Tutorial. For more information on Secrets, you can find the documentation [here](/docs/concepts/configuration/secret/).
ConfigMaps are API Objects that store non-confidential key-value pairs. In the Interactive
Tutorial you will learn how to use a ConfigMap to store the application's name. For more
information regarding ConfigMaps, you can find the documentation
[here](/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-pod-configmap/).
Although Secrets are also used to store key-value pairs, they differ from ConfigMaps in that
they're intended for confidential/sensitive information and are stored using Base64 encoding.
This makes secrets the appropriate choice for storing such things as credentials, keys, and
tokens, the former of which you'll do in the Interactive Tutorial. For more information on
Secrets, you can find the documentation [here](/docs/concepts/configuration/secret/).
### Externalizing Config from Code
Externalized application configuration is useful because configuration usually changes depending on your environment. In order to accomplish this, we'll use Java's Contexts and Dependency Injection (CDI) and MicroProfile Config. MicroProfile Config is a feature of MicroProfile, a set of open Java technologies for developing and deploying cloud-native microservices.
CDI provides a standard dependency injection capability enabling an application to be assembled from collaborating, loosely-coupled beans. MicroProfile Config provides apps and microservices a standard way to obtain config properties from various sources, including the application, runtime, and environment. Based on the source's defined priority, the properties are automatically combined into a single set of properties that the application can access via an API. Together, CDI & MicroProfile will be used in the Interactive Tutorial to retrieve the externally provided properties from the Kubernetes ConfigMaps and Secrets and get injected into your application code.
Externalized application configuration is useful because configuration usually changes depending
on your environment. In order to accomplish this, we'll use Java's Contexts and Dependency
Injection (CDI) and MicroProfile Config. MicroProfile Config is a feature of MicroProfile, a set
of open Java technologies for developing and deploying cloud-native microservices.
Many open source frameworks and runtimes implement and support MicroProfile Config. Throughout the interactive tutorial, you'll be using Open Liberty, a flexible open-source Java runtime for building and running cloud-native apps and microservices. However, any MicroProfile compatible runtime could be used instead.
CDI provides a standard dependency injection capability enabling an application to be assembled
from collaborating, loosely-coupled beans. MicroProfile Config provides apps and microservices a
standard way to obtain config properties from various sources, including the application, runtime,
and environment. Based on the source's defined priority, the properties are automatically
combined into a single set of properties that the application can access via an API. Together,
CDI & MicroProfile will be used in the Interactive Tutorial to retrieve the externally provided
properties from the Kubernetes ConfigMaps and Secrets and get injected into your application code.
Many open source frameworks and runtimes implement and support MicroProfile Config. Throughout
the interactive tutorial, you'll be using Open Liberty, a flexible open-source Java runtime for
building and running cloud-native apps and microservices. However, any MicroProfile compatible
runtime could be used instead.
## {{% heading "objectives" %}}
* Create a Kubernetes ConfigMap and Secret
* Inject microservice configuration using MicroProfile Config
<!-- lessoncontent -->
## Example: Externalizing config using MicroProfile, ConfigMaps and Secrets
### [Start Interactive Tutorial](/docs/tutorials/configuration/configure-java-microservice/configure-java-microservice-interactive/)
[Start Interactive Tutorial](/docs/tutorials/configuration/configure-java-microservice/configure-java-microservice-interactive/)
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ created. This tutorial shows you how to enforce the `baseline` Pod Security
Standard at the cluster level which applies a standard configuration
to all namespaces in a cluster.
To apply Pod Security Standards to specific namespaces, refer to [Apply Pod Security Standards at the namespace level](/docs/tutorials/security/ns-level-pss).
To apply Pod Security Standards to specific namespaces, refer to
[Apply Pod Security Standards at the namespace level](/docs/tutorials/security/ns-level-pss).
If you are running a version of Kubernetes other than v{{< skew currentVersion >}},
check the documentation for that version.
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ one namespace at a time.
You can also apply Pod Security Standards to multiple namespaces at once at the cluster
level. For instructions, refer to
[Apply Pod Security Standards at the cluster level](/docs/tutorials/security/cluster-level-pss).
[Apply Pod Security Standards at the cluster level](/docs/tutorials/security/cluster-level-pss/).
## {{% heading "prerequisites" %}}
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ apiVersion: apiserver.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: EgressSelectorConfiguration
egressSelections:
# Since we want to control the egress traffic to the cluster, we use the
# "cluster" as the name. Other supported values are "etcd", and "master".
# "cluster" as the name. Other supported values are "etcd", and "controlplane".
- name: cluster
connection:
# This controls the protocol between the API Server and the Konnectivity
+1 -1
View File
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ spec:
spec:
containers:
- name: pi
image: perl:5.34
image: perl:5.34.0
command: ["perl", "-Mbignum=bpi", "-wle", "print bpi(2000)"]
restartPolicy: Never
backoffLimit: 4
@@ -8,11 +8,10 @@ spec:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: topology.kubernetes.io/zone
- key: kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- antarctica-east1
- antarctica-west1
- linux
preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
- weight: 1
preference:
@@ -8,10 +8,11 @@ spec:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: kubernetes.io/os
- key: topology.kubernetes.io/zone
operator: In
values:
- linux
- antarctica-east1
- antarctica-west1
preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
- weight: 1
preference:
@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ kind: Service
metadata:
name: my-service
labels:
app: MyApp
app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
spec:
selector:
app: MyApp
app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 80
@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ kind: Service
metadata:
name: my-service
labels:
app: MyApp
app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
spec:
ipFamilies:
- IPv6
selector:
app: MyApp
app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 80
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ metadata:
spec:
ipFamily: IPv6
selector:
app: MyApp
app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 80
targetPort: 9376
targetPort: 9376
@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@ kind: Service
metadata:
name: my-service
labels:
app: MyApp
app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
spec:
ipFamilyPolicy: PreferDualStack
ipFamilies:
- IPv6
type: LoadBalancer
selector:
app: MyApp
app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 80
@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@ kind: Service
metadata:
name: my-service
labels:
app: MyApp
app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
spec:
ipFamilyPolicy: PreferDualStack
ipFamilies:
- IPv6
- IPv4
selector:
app: MyApp
app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 80
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ kind: Service
metadata:
name: my-service
labels:
app: MyApp
app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
spec:
ipFamilyPolicy: PreferDualStack
selector:
app: MyApp
app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 80
+9 -3
View File
@@ -78,7 +78,6 @@ releases may also occur in between these.
| Monthly Patch Release | Cherry Pick Deadline | Target date |
| --------------------- | -------------------- | ----------- |
| July 2022 | 2022-07-08 | 2022-07-13 |
| August 2022 | 2022-08-12 | 2022-08-17 |
| September 2022 | 2022-09-09 | 2022-09-14 |
| October 2022 | 2022-10-07 | 2022-10-12 |
@@ -87,24 +86,28 @@ releases may also occur in between these.
### 1.24
Next patch release is **1.24.1**
Next patch release is **1.24.4**
End of Life for **1.24** is **2023-09-29**
End of Life for **1.24** is **2023-07-28**
| PATCH RELEASE | CHERRY PICK DEADLINE | TARGET DATE | NOTE |
|---------------|----------------------|-------------|------|
| 1.24.4 | 2022-08-12 | 2022-08-17 | |
| 1.24.3 | 2022-07-08 | 2022-07-13 | |
| 1.24.2 | 2022-06-10 | 2022-06-15 | |
| 1.24.1 | 2022-05-20 | 2022-05-24 | |
### 1.23
Next patch release is **1.23.10**
**1.23** enters maintenance mode on **2022-12-28**.
End of Life for **1.23** is **2023-02-28**.
| Patch Release | Cherry Pick Deadline | Target Date | Note |
|---------------|----------------------|-------------|------|
| 1.23.10 | 2022-08-12 | 2022-08-17 | |
| 1.23.9 | 2022-07-08 | 2022-07-13 | |
| 1.23.8 | 2022-06-10 | 2022-06-15 | |
| 1.23.7 | 2022-05-20 | 2022-05-24 | |
@@ -117,12 +120,15 @@ End of Life for **1.23** is **2023-02-28**.
### 1.22
Next patch release is **1.22.13**
**1.22** enters maintenance mode on **2022-08-28**
End of Life for **1.22** is **2022-10-28**
| Patch Release | Cherry Pick Deadline | Target Date | Note |
|---------------|----------------------|-------------|------|
| 1.22.13 | 2022-08-12 | 2022-08-17 | |
| 1.22.12 | 2022-07-08 | 2022-07-13 | |
| 1.22.11 | 2022-06-10 | 2022-06-15 | |
| 1.22.10 | 2022-05-20 | 2022-05-24 | |

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