Merge pull request #26108 from tengqm/zh-resync-install-kubeadm
[zh] Resync install-kubeadm
This commit is contained in:
@@ -37,11 +37,11 @@ For information how to create a cluster with kubeadm once you have performed thi
|
||||
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 7
|
||||
- Fedora 25+
|
||||
- HypriotOS v1.0.1+
|
||||
- Container Linux (tested with 1800.6.0)
|
||||
- Flatcar Container Linux (tested with 2512.3.0)
|
||||
* 2 GB or more of RAM per machine (any less will leave little room for your apps)
|
||||
* 2 CPUs or more
|
||||
* Full network connectivity between all machines in the cluster (public or private network is fine)
|
||||
* Unique hostname, MAC address, and product_uuid for every node. See [here](#verify-the-mac-address-and-product-uuid-are-unique-for-every-node) for more details.
|
||||
* Unique hostname, MAC address, and product_uuid for every node. See [here](#verify-mac-address) for more details.
|
||||
* Certain ports are open on your machines. See [here](#check-required-ports) for more details.
|
||||
* Swap disabled. You **MUST** disable swap in order for the kubelet to work properly.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
@@ -52,13 +52,13 @@ For information how to create a cluster with kubeadm once you have performed thi
|
||||
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 7
|
||||
- Fedora 25+
|
||||
- HypriotOS v1.0.1+
|
||||
- Container Linux (测试 1800.6.0 版本)
|
||||
* 每台机器 2 GB 或更多的 RAM (如果少于这个数字将会影响您应用的运行内存)
|
||||
- Flatcar Container Linux (使用 2512.3.0 版本测试通过)
|
||||
* 每台机器 2 GB 或更多的 RAM (如果少于这个数字将会影响你应用的运行内存)
|
||||
* 2 CPU 核或更多
|
||||
* 集群中的所有机器的网络彼此均能相互连接(公网和内网都可以)
|
||||
* 节点之中不可以有重复的主机名、MAC 地址或 product_uuid。请参见[这里](#verify-the-mac-address-and-product-uuid-are-unique-for-every-node) 了解更多详细信息。
|
||||
* 节点之中不可以有重复的主机名、MAC 地址或 product_uuid。请参见[这里](#verify-mac-address)了解更多详细信息。
|
||||
* 开启机器上的某些端口。请参见[这里](#check-required-ports) 了解更多详细信息。
|
||||
* 禁用交换分区。为了保证 kubelet 正常工作,您 **必须** 禁用交换分区。
|
||||
* 禁用交换分区。为了保证 kubelet 正常工作,你 **必须** 禁用交换分区。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- steps -->
|
||||
@@ -74,13 +74,15 @@ identical values. Kubernetes uses these values to uniquely identify the nodes in
|
||||
If these values are not unique to each node, the installation process
|
||||
may [fail](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubeadm/issues/31).
|
||||
-->
|
||||
## 确保每个节点上 MAC 地址和 product_uuid 的唯一性{#verify-the-mac-address-and-product-uuid-are-unique-for-every-node}
|
||||
## 确保每个节点上 MAC 地址和 product_uuid 的唯一性 {#verify-mac-address}
|
||||
|
||||
* 您可以使用命令 `ip link` 或 `ifconfig -a` 来获取网络接口的 MAC 地址
|
||||
* 你可以使用命令 `ip link` 或 `ifconfig -a` 来获取网络接口的 MAC 地址
|
||||
* 可以使用 `sudo cat /sys/class/dmi/id/product_uuid` 命令对 product_uuid 校验
|
||||
|
||||
一般来讲,硬件设备会拥有唯一的地址,但是有些虚拟机的地址可能会重复。Kubernetes 使用这些值来唯一确定集群中的节点。
|
||||
如果这些值在每个节点上不唯一,可能会导致安装[失败](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubeadm/issues/31)。
|
||||
一般来讲,硬件设备会拥有唯一的地址,但是有些虚拟机的地址可能会重复。
|
||||
Kubernetes 使用这些值来唯一确定集群中的节点。
|
||||
如果这些值在每个节点上不唯一,可能会导致安装
|
||||
[失败](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubeadm/issues/31)。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
## Check network adapters
|
||||
@@ -90,78 +92,72 @@ route, we recommend you add IP route(s) so Kubernetes cluster addresses go via t
|
||||
-->
|
||||
## 检查网络适配器
|
||||
|
||||
如果您有一个以上的网络适配器,同时您的 Kubernetes 组件通过默认路由不可达,我们建议您预先添加 IP 路由规则,这样 Kubernetes 集群就可以通过对应的适配器完成连接。
|
||||
如果你有一个以上的网络适配器,同时你的 Kubernetes 组件通过默认路由不可达,我们建议你预先添加 IP 路由规则,这样 Kubernetes 集群就可以通过对应的适配器完成连接。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
## Ensure iptables tooling does not use the nftables backend
|
||||
## Letting iptables see bridged traffic
|
||||
|
||||
In Linux, nftables is available as a modern replacement for the kernel's iptables subsystem. The
|
||||
`iptables` tooling can act as a compatibility layer, behaving like iptables but actually configuring
|
||||
nftables. This nftables backend is not compatible with the current kubeadm packages: it causes duplicated
|
||||
firewall rules and breaks `kube-proxy`.
|
||||
Make sure that the `br_netfilter` module is loaded. This can be done by running `lsmod | grep br_netfilter`. To load it explicitly call `sudo modprobe br_netfilter`.
|
||||
|
||||
If your system's `iptables` tooling uses the nftables backend, you will need to switch the `iptables`
|
||||
tooling to 'legacy' mode to avoid these problems. This is the case on at least Debian 10 (Buster),
|
||||
Ubuntu 19.04, Fedora 29 and newer releases of these distributions by default. RHEL 8 does not support
|
||||
switching to legacy mode, and is therefore incompatible with current kubeadm packages.
|
||||
As a requirement for your Linux Node's iptables to correctly see bridged traffic, you should ensure `net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables` is set to 1 in your `sysctl` config, e.g.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
## 确保 iptables 工具不使用 nftables 后端
|
||||
## 允许 iptables 检查桥接流量
|
||||
|
||||
在 Linux 中,nftables 当前可以作为内核 iptables 子系统的替代品。
|
||||
`iptables` 工具可以充当兼容性层,其行为类似于 iptables 但实际上是在配置 nftables。
|
||||
nftables 后端与当前的 kubeadm 软件包不兼容:它会导致重复防火墙规则并破坏 `kube-proxy`。
|
||||
确保 `br_netfilter` 模块被加载。这一操作可以通过运行 `lsmod | grep br_netfilter`
|
||||
来完成。若要显式加载该模块,可执行 `sudo modprobe br_netfilter`。
|
||||
|
||||
如果您系统的 `iptables` 工具使用 nftables 后端,则需要把 `iptables` 工具切换到“旧版”模式来避免这些问题。
|
||||
默认情况下,至少在 Debian 10 (Buster)、Ubuntu 19.04、Fedora 29 和较新的发行版本中会出现这种问题。RHEL 8 不支持切换到旧版本模式,因此与当前的 kubeadm 软件包不兼容。
|
||||
为了让你的 Linux 节点上的 iptables 能够正确地查看桥接流量,你需要确保在你的
|
||||
`sysctl` 配置中将 `net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables` 设置为 1。例如:
|
||||
|
||||
{{< tabs name="iptables_legacy" >}}
|
||||
{{% tab name="Debian 或 Ubuntu" %}}
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
update-alternatives --set iptables /usr/sbin/iptables-legacy
|
||||
update-alternatives --set ip6tables /usr/sbin/ip6tables-legacy
|
||||
update-alternatives --set arptables /usr/sbin/arptables-legacy
|
||||
update-alternatives --set ebtables /usr/sbin/ebtables-legacy
|
||||
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
|
||||
br_netfilter
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
|
||||
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
|
||||
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
|
||||
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
sudo sysctl --system
|
||||
```
|
||||
{{% /tab %}}
|
||||
{{% tab name="Fedora" %}}
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
update-alternatives --set iptables /usr/sbin/iptables-legacy
|
||||
```
|
||||
{{% /tab %}}
|
||||
{{< /tabs >}}
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
For more details please see the [Network Plugin Requirements](/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/compute-storage-net/network-plugins/#network-plugin-requirements) page.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
更多的相关细节可查看[网络插件需求](/zh/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/compute-storage-net/network-plugins/#network-plugin-requirements)页面。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
## Check required ports
|
||||
|
||||
### Control-plane node(s)
|
||||
|
||||
| Protocol | Direction | Port Range | Purpose | Used By |
|
||||
|----------|-----------|------------|-------------------------|---------------------------|
|
||||
| TCP | Inbound | 6443* | Kubernetes API server | All |
|
||||
| TCP | Inbound | 2379-2380 | etcd server client API | kube-apiserver, etcd |
|
||||
| TCP | Inbound | 10250 | Kubelet API | Self, Control plane |
|
||||
| TCP | Inbound | 10251 | kube-scheduler | Self |
|
||||
| TCP | Inbound | 10252 | kube-controller-manager | Self |
|
||||
| Protocol | Direction | Port Range | Purpose | Used By |
|
||||
|------------|------------|------------|-------------------------|-------------------------|
|
||||
| TCP | Inbound | 6443* | Kubernetes API server | All |
|
||||
| TCP | Inbound | 2379-2380 | etcd server client API | kube-apiserver, etcd |
|
||||
| TCP | Inbound | 10250 | Kubelet API | Self, Control plane |
|
||||
| TCP | Inbound | 10251 | kube-scheduler | Self |
|
||||
| TCP | Inbound | 10252 | kube-controller-manager | Self |
|
||||
-->
|
||||
## 检查所需端口{#check-required-ports}
|
||||
|
||||
### 控制平面节点
|
||||
|
||||
| 协议 | 方向 | 端口范围 | 作用 | 使用者 |
|
||||
|----------|-----------|------------|-------------------------|---------------------------|
|
||||
| TCP | 入站 | 6443* | Kubernetes API 服务器 | 所有组件 |
|
||||
| TCP | 入站 | 2379-2380 | etcd server client API | kube-apiserver, etcd |
|
||||
| TCP | 入站 | 10250 | Kubelet API | kubelet 自身、控制平面组件 |
|
||||
| TCP | 入站 | 10251 | kube-scheduler | kube-scheduler 自身 |
|
||||
| TCP | 入站 | 10252 | kube-controller-manager | kube-controller-manager 自身 |
|
||||
| 协议 | 方向 | 端口范围 | 作用 | 使用者 |
|
||||
|----------|--------|------------|-------------------------|------------------------------|
|
||||
| TCP | 入站 | 6443 | Kubernetes API 服务器 | 所有组件 |
|
||||
| TCP | 入站 | 2379-2380 | etcd 服务器客户端 API | kube-apiserver, etcd |
|
||||
| TCP | 入站 | 10250 | Kubelet API | kubelet 自身、控制平面组件 |
|
||||
| TCP | 入站 | 10251 | kube-scheduler | kube-scheduler 自身 |
|
||||
| TCP | 入站 | 10252 | kube-controller-manager | kube-controller-manager 自身 |
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
### Worker node(s)
|
||||
|
||||
| Protocol | Direction | Port Range | Purpose | Used By |
|
||||
|----------|-----------|-------------|-----------------------|-------------------------|
|
||||
| TCP | Inbound | 10250 | Kubelet API | Self, Control plane |
|
||||
| TCP | Inbound | 30000-32767 | NodePort Services** | All |
|
||||
| Protocol | Direction | Port Range | Purpose | Used By |
|
||||
|------------|------------|-------------|---------------------|-------------------------|
|
||||
| TCP | Inbound | 10250 | Kubelet API | Self, Control plane |
|
||||
| TCP | Inbound | 30000-32767 | NodePort Services** | All |
|
||||
|
||||
** Default port range for [NodePort Services](/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/).
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -177,80 +173,101 @@ documentation for the plugins about what port(s) those need.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
### 工作节点
|
||||
|
||||
| 协议 | 方向 | 端口范围 | 作用 | 使用者 |
|
||||
|----------|-----------|-------------|-----------------------|-------------------------|
|
||||
| TCP | 入站 | 10250 | Kubelet API | kubelet 自身、控制平面组件 |
|
||||
| TCP | 入站 | 30000-32767 | NodePort 服务** | 所有组件 |
|
||||
| 协议 | 方向 | 端口范围 | 作用 | 使用者 |
|
||||
|------|--------|-------------|-------------------|-----------------------------|
|
||||
| TCP | 入站 | 10250 | Kubelet API | kubelet 自身、控制平面组件 |
|
||||
| TCP | 入站 | 30000-32767 | NodePort 服务† | 所有组件 |
|
||||
|
||||
** [NodePort 服务](/zh/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/) 的默认端口范围。
|
||||
† [NodePort 服务](/zh/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/) 的默认端口范围。
|
||||
|
||||
使用 * 标记的任意端口号都可以被覆盖,所以您需要保证所定制的端口是开放的。
|
||||
使用 * 标记的任意端口号都可以被覆盖,所以你需要保证所定制的端口是开放的。
|
||||
|
||||
虽然控制平面节点已经包含了 etcd 的端口,您也可以使用自定义的外部 etcd 集群,或是指定自定义端口。
|
||||
虽然控制平面节点已经包含了 etcd 的端口,你也可以使用自定义的外部 etcd 集群,或是指定自定义端口。
|
||||
|
||||
您使用的 pod 网络插件 (见下) 也可能需要某些特定端口开启。由于各个 pod 网络插件都有所不同,请参阅他们各自文档中对端口的要求。
|
||||
你使用的 Pod 网络插件 (见下) 也可能需要某些特定端口开启。由于各个 Pod 网络插件都有所不同,
|
||||
请参阅他们各自文档中对端口的要求。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
## Installing runtime {#installing-runtime}
|
||||
|
||||
Since v1.6.0, Kubernetes has enabled the use of CRI, Container Runtime Interface, by default.
|
||||
|
||||
Since v1.14.0, kubeadm will try to automatically detect the container runtime on Linux nodes
|
||||
by scanning through a list of well known domain sockets. The detectable runtimes and the
|
||||
socket paths, that are used, can be found in the table below.
|
||||
|
||||
| Runtime | Domain Socket |
|
||||
|------------|----------------------------------|
|
||||
| Docker | /var/run/docker.sock |
|
||||
| containerd | /run/containerd/containerd.sock |
|
||||
| CRI-O | /var/run/crio/crio.sock |
|
||||
|
||||
If both Docker and containerd are detected together, Docker takes precedence. This is
|
||||
needed, because Docker 18.09 ships with containerd and both are detectable.
|
||||
If any other two or more runtimes are detected, kubeadm will exit with an appropriate
|
||||
error message.
|
||||
|
||||
On non-Linux nodes the container runtime used by default is Docker.
|
||||
|
||||
If the container runtime of choice is Docker, it is used through the built-in
|
||||
`dockershim` CRI implementation inside of the `kubelet`.
|
||||
|
||||
Other CRI-based runtimes include:
|
||||
|
||||
- [containerd](https://github.com/containerd/cri) (CRI plugin built into containerd)
|
||||
- [cri-o](https://cri-o.io/)
|
||||
- [frakti](https://github.com/kubernetes/frakti)
|
||||
|
||||
Refer to the [CRI installation instructions](/docs/setup/cri) for more information.
|
||||
To run containers in Pods, Kubernetes uses a
|
||||
{{< glossary_tooltip term_id="container-runtime" text="container runtime" >}}.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
## 安装 runtime{#installing-runtime}
|
||||
|
||||
从 v1.6.0 版本起,Kubernetes 开始默认允许使用 CRI(容器运行时接口)。
|
||||
为了在 Pod 中运行容器,Kubernetes 使用
|
||||
{{< glossary_tooltip term_id="container-runtime" text="容器运行时(Container Runtime)" >}}。
|
||||
|
||||
从 v1.14.0 版本起,kubeadm 将通过观察已知的 UNIX 域套接字来自动检测 Linux 节点上的容器运行时。
|
||||
下表中是可检测到的正在运行的 runtime 和 socket 路径。
|
||||
{{< tabs name="container-runtimes" >}}
|
||||
{{% tab name="Linux 节点" %}}
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
By default, Kubernetes uses the
|
||||
{{< glossary_tooltip term_id="cri" text="Container Runtime Interface">}} (CRI)
|
||||
to interface with your chosen container runtime.
|
||||
|
||||
| 运行时 | 域套接字 |
|
||||
If you don't specify a runtime, kubeadm automatically tries to detect an installed
|
||||
container runtime by scanning through a list of well known Unix domain sockets.
|
||||
The following table lists container runtimes and their associated socket paths:
|
||||
|
||||
| Runtime | Domain Socket |
|
||||
|------------|---------------------------------|
|
||||
| Docker | /var/run/docker.sock |
|
||||
| containerd | /run/containerd/containerd.sock |
|
||||
| CRI-O | /var/run/crio/crio.sock |
|
||||
-->
|
||||
默认情况下,Kubernetes 使用
|
||||
{{< glossary_tooltip term_id="cri" text="容器运行时接口(Container Runtime Interface,CRI)" >}}
|
||||
来与你所选择的容器运行时交互。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你不指定运行时,则 kubeadm 会自动尝试检测到系统上已经安装的运行时,
|
||||
方法是扫描一组众所周知的 Unix 域套接字。
|
||||
下面的表格列举了一些容器运行时及其对应的套接字路径:
|
||||
|
||||
| 运行时 | 域套接字 |
|
||||
|------------|----------------------------------|
|
||||
| Docker | /var/run/docker.sock |
|
||||
| containerd | /run/containerd/containerd.sock |
|
||||
| CRI-O | /var/run/crio/crio.sock |
|
||||
|
||||
如果同时检测到 docker 和 containerd,则优先选择 docker。
|
||||
这是必然的,因为 docker 18.09 附带了 containerd 并且两者都是可以检测到的。
|
||||
如果检测到其他两个或多个运行时,kubeadm 将以一个合理的错误信息退出。
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
<br />
|
||||
If both Docker and containerd are detected, Docker takes precedence. This is
|
||||
needed because Docker 18.09 ships with containerd and both are detectable even if you only
|
||||
installed Docker.
|
||||
If any other two or more runtimes are detected, kubeadm exits with an error.
|
||||
|
||||
在非 Linux 节点上,默认使用 docker 作为容器 runtime。
|
||||
The kubelet integrates with Docker through the built-in `dockershim` CRI implementation.
|
||||
|
||||
如果选择的容器 runtime 是 docker,则通过内置 `dockershim` CRI 在 `kubelet` 的内部实现其的应用。
|
||||
See [container runtimes](/docs/setup/production-environment/container-runtimes/)
|
||||
for more information.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
<br/>
|
||||
如果同时检测到 Docker 和 containerd,则优先选择 Docker。
|
||||
这是必然的,因为 Docker 18.09 附带了 containerd 并且两者都是可以检测到的,
|
||||
即使你仅安装了 Docker。
|
||||
如果检测到其他两个或多个运行时,kubeadm 输出错误信息并退出。
|
||||
|
||||
基于 CRI 的其他 runtimes 有:
|
||||
kubelet 通过内置的 `dockershim` CRI 实现与 Docker 集成。
|
||||
|
||||
- [containerd](https://github.com/containerd/cri) (containerd 的内置 CRI 插件)
|
||||
- [cri-o](https://cri-o.io/)
|
||||
- [frakti](https://github.com/kubernetes/frakti)
|
||||
参阅[容器运行时](/zh/docs/setup/production-environment/container-runtimes/)
|
||||
以了解更多信息。
|
||||
|
||||
请参考 [CRI 安装指南](/zh/docs/setup/production-environment/container-runtimes/)获取更多信息。
|
||||
{{% /tab %}}
|
||||
{{% tab name="其它操作系统" %}}
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
By default, kubeadm uses {{< glossary_tooltip term_id="docker" >}} as the container runtime.
|
||||
The kubelet integrates with Docker through the built-in `dockershim` CRI implementation.
|
||||
|
||||
See [container runtimes](/docs/setup/production-environment/container-runtimes/)
|
||||
for more information.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
默认情况下, kubeadm 使用 {{< glossary_tooltip term_id="docker" >}} 作为容器运行时。
|
||||
kubelet 通过内置的 `dockershim` CRI 实现与 Docker 集成。
|
||||
参阅[容器运行时](/zh/docs/setup/production-environment/container-runtimes/)
|
||||
以了解更多信息。
|
||||
|
||||
{{% /tab %}}
|
||||
{{< /tabs >}}
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
## Installing kubeadm, kubelet and kubectl
|
||||
@@ -276,17 +293,19 @@ For information about installing `kubectl`, see [Install and set up kubectl](/do
|
||||
-->
|
||||
## 安装 kubeadm、kubelet 和 kubectl
|
||||
|
||||
您需要在每台机器上安装以下的软件包:
|
||||
你需要在每台机器上安装以下的软件包:
|
||||
|
||||
* `kubeadm`:用来初始化集群的指令。
|
||||
|
||||
* `kubelet`:在集群中的每个节点上用来启动 pod 和容器等。
|
||||
* `kubelet`:在集群中的每个节点上用来启动 Pod 和容器等。
|
||||
|
||||
* `kubectl`:用来与集群通信的命令行工具。
|
||||
|
||||
kubeadm **不能** 帮您安装或者管理 `kubelet` 或 `kubectl`,所以您需要确保它们与通过 kubeadm 安装的控制平面的版本相匹配。
|
||||
kubeadm **不能** 帮你安装或者管理 `kubelet` 或 `kubectl`,所以你需要
|
||||
确保它们与通过 kubeadm 安装的控制平面的版本相匹配。
|
||||
如果不这样做,则存在发生版本偏差的风险,可能会导致一些预料之外的错误和问题。
|
||||
然而,控制平面与 kubelet 间的相差一个次要版本不一致是支持的,但 kubelet 的版本不可以超过 API 服务器的版本。
|
||||
然而,控制平面与 kubelet 间的相差一个次要版本不一致是支持的,但 kubelet
|
||||
的版本不可以超过 API 服务器的版本。
|
||||
例如,1.7.0 版本的 kubelet 可以完全兼容 1.8.0 版本的 API 服务器,反之则不可以。
|
||||
|
||||
有关安装 `kubectl` 的信息,请参阅[安装和设置 kubectl](/zh/docs/tasks/tools/install-kubectl/)文档。
|
||||
@@ -310,10 +329,11 @@ For more information on version skews, see:
|
||||
关于版本偏差的更多信息,请参阅以下文档:
|
||||
|
||||
* Kubernetes [版本与版本间的偏差策略](/zh/docs/setup/release/version-skew-policy/)
|
||||
* Kubeadm-specific [版本偏差策略](/zh/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/create-cluster-kubeadm/#version-skew-policy)
|
||||
* Kubeadm 特定的[版本偏差策略](/zh/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/create-cluster-kubeadm/#version-skew-policy)
|
||||
|
||||
{{< tabs name="k8s_install" >}}
|
||||
{{% tab name="Ubuntu、Debian 或 HypriotOS" %}}
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https curl
|
||||
curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
|
||||
@@ -324,17 +344,21 @@ sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
|
||||
sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
{{% /tab %}}
|
||||
|
||||
{{% tab name="CentOS、RHEL 或 Fedora" %}}
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
|
||||
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
|
||||
[kubernetes]
|
||||
name=Kubernetes
|
||||
baseurl=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
|
||||
baseurl=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-\$basearch
|
||||
enabled=1
|
||||
gpgcheck=1
|
||||
repo_gpgcheck=1
|
||||
gpgkey=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
|
||||
exclude=kubelet kubeadm kubectl
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
|
||||
# 将 SELinux 设置为 permissive 模式(相当于将其禁用)
|
||||
@@ -345,53 +369,58 @@ yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl --disableexcludes=kubernetes
|
||||
|
||||
systemctl enable --now kubelet
|
||||
```
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
**Note:**
|
||||
|
||||
- Setting SELinux in permissive mode by running `setenforce 0` and `sed ...` effectively disables it.
|
||||
This is required to allow containers to access the host filesystem, which is needed by pod networks for example.
|
||||
You have to do this until SELinux support is improved in the kubelet.
|
||||
- Some users on RHEL/CentOS 7 have reported issues with traffic being routed incorrectly due to iptables being bypassed. You should ensure
|
||||
`net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables` is set to 1 in your `sysctl` config, e.g.
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
|
||||
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
|
||||
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
sysctl --system
|
||||
```
|
||||
- Make sure that the `br_netfilter` module is loaded before this step. This can be done by running `lsmod | grep br_netfilter`. To load it explicitly call `modprobe br_netfilter`.
|
||||
- You can leave SELinux enabled if you know how to configure it but it may require settings that are not supported by kubeadm.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
**请注意:**
|
||||
|
||||
**请注意:**
|
||||
- 通过运行命令 `setenforce 0` 和 `sed ...` 将 SELinux 设置为 permissive 模式
|
||||
可以有效地将其禁用。
|
||||
这是允许容器访问主机文件系统所必需的,而这些操作时为了例如 Pod 网络工作正常。
|
||||
|
||||
- 通过运行命令 `setenforce 0` 和 `sed ...` 将 SELinux 设置为 permissive 模式可以有效的将其禁用。
|
||||
这是允许容器访问主机文件系统所必须的,例如正常使用 pod 网络。
|
||||
您必须这么做,直到 kubelet 做出升级支持 SELinux 为止。
|
||||
- 一些 RHEL/CentOS 7 的用户曾经遇到过问题:由于 iptables 被绕过而导致流量无法正确路由的问题。您应该确保
|
||||
在 `sysctl` 配置中的 `net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables` 被设置为 1。
|
||||
你必须这么做,直到 kubelet 做出对 SELinux 的支持进行升级为止。
|
||||
|
||||
- 你可以保持 SELinux 处于弃用状态,前提是你知道如何配置它,不过这也意味着有些
|
||||
配置是 kubeadm 所不支持的。
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
|
||||
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
|
||||
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
sysctl --system
|
||||
```
|
||||
- 确保在此步骤之前已加载了 `br_netfilter` 模块。这可以通过运行 `lsmod | grep br_netfilter` 来完成。要显示加载它,请调用 `modprobe br_netfilter`。
|
||||
{{% /tab %}}
|
||||
{{% tab name="Container Linux" %}}
|
||||
{{% tab name="Fedora CoreOS 或 Flatcar Container Linux" %}}
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
Install CNI plugins (required for most pod network):
|
||||
-->
|
||||
安装 CNI 插件(大多数 pod 网络都需要):
|
||||
安装 CNI 插件(大多数 Pod 网络都需要):
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
CNI_VERSION="v0.8.2"
|
||||
mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin
|
||||
curl -L "https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/${CNI_VERSION}/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-${CNI_VERSION}.tgz" | tar -C /opt/cni/bin -xz
|
||||
curl -L "https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/${CNI_VERSION}/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-${CNI_VERSION}.tgz" | sudo tar -C /opt/cni/bin -xz
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
Define the directory to download command files
|
||||
-->
|
||||
定义要下载命令文件的目录。
|
||||
|
||||
{{< note >}}
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
The DOWNLOAD_DIR variable must be set to a writable directory.
|
||||
If you are running Flatcar Container Linux, set DOWNLOAD_DIR=/opt/bin.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
DOWNLOAD_DIR 变量必须被设置为一个可写入的目录。
|
||||
如果你在运行 Flatcar Container Linux,可将 DOWNLOAD_DIR 设置为 /opt/bin。
|
||||
{{< /note >}}
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
DOWNLOAD_DIR=/usr/local/bin
|
||||
sudo mkdir -p $DOWNLOAD_DIR
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
@@ -400,9 +429,8 @@ Install crictl (required for kubeadm / Kubelet Container Runtime Interface (CRI)
|
||||
安装 crictl(kubeadm/kubelet 容器运行时接口(CRI)所需)
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
CRICTL_VERSION="v1.16.0"
|
||||
mkdir -p /opt/bin
|
||||
curl -L "https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cri-tools/releases/download/${CRICTL_VERSION}/crictl-${CRICTL_VERSION}-linux-amd64.tar.gz" | tar -C /opt/bin -xz
|
||||
CRICTL_VERSION="v1.17.0"
|
||||
curl -L "https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cri-tools/releases/download/${CRICTL_VERSION}/crictl-${CRICTL_VERSION}-linux-amd64.tar.gz" | sudo tar -C $DOWNLOAD_DIR -xz
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
@@ -412,12 +440,15 @@ Install `kubeadm`, `kubelet`, `kubectl` and add a `kubelet` systemd service:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
RELEASE="$(curl -sSL https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)"
|
||||
|
||||
mkdir -p /opt/bin
|
||||
cd /opt/bin
|
||||
curl -L --remote-name-all https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/${RELEASE}/bin/linux/amd64/{kubeadm,kubelet,kubectl}
|
||||
cd $DOWNLOAD_DIR
|
||||
sudo curl -L --remote-name-all https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/${RELEASE}/bin/linux/amd64/{kubeadm,kubelet,kubectl}
|
||||
chmod +x {kubeadm,kubelet,kubectl}
|
||||
|
||||
RELEASE_VERSION="v0.4.0"
|
||||
curl -sSL "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/release/${RELEASE_VERSION}/cmd/kubepkg/templates/latest/deb/kubelet/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service" | sed "s:/usr/bin:${DOWNLOAD_DIR}:g" | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service
|
||||
sudo mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d
|
||||
curl -sSL "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/release/${RELEASE_VERSION}/cmd/kubepkg/templates/latest/deb/kubeadm/10-kubeadm.conf" | sed "s:/usr/bin:${DOWNLOAD_DIR}:g" | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf
|
||||
|
||||
curl -sSL "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/${RELEASE}/build/debs/kubelet.service" | sed "s:/usr/bin:/opt/bin:g" > /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service
|
||||
mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d
|
||||
curl -sSL "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/${RELEASE}/build/debs/10-kubeadm.conf" | sed "s:/usr/bin:/opt/bin:g" > /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf
|
||||
@@ -426,15 +457,27 @@ curl -sSL "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/${RELEASE}/bu
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
Enable and start `kubelet`:
|
||||
-->
|
||||
开启并启动 `kubelet`:
|
||||
激活并启动 `kubelet`:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
systemctl enable --now kubelet
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
{{< note >}}
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
The Flatcar Container Linux distribution mounts the `/usr` directory as a read-only filesystem.
|
||||
Before bootstrapping your cluster, you need to take additional steps to configure a writable directory.
|
||||
See the [Kubeadm Troubleshooting guide](/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/troubleshooting-kubeadm/#usr-mounted-read-only/) to learn how to set up a writable directory.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
Flatcar Container Linux 发行版会将 `/usr/` 目录挂载为一个只读文件系统。
|
||||
在启动引导你的集群之前,你需要执行一些额外的操作来配置一个可写入的目录。
|
||||
参见 [kubeadm 故障排查指南](/zh/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/troubleshooting-kubeadm/#usr-mounted-read-only/)
|
||||
以了解如何配置一个可写入的目录。
|
||||
{{< /note >}}
|
||||
|
||||
{{% /tab %}}
|
||||
{{< /tabs >}}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
The kubelet is now restarting every few seconds, as it waits in a crashloop for
|
||||
kubeadm to tell it what to do.
|
||||
@@ -447,53 +490,63 @@ kubelet 现在每隔几秒就会重启,因为它陷入了一个等待 kubeadm
|
||||
When using Docker, kubeadm will automatically detect the cgroup driver for the kubelet
|
||||
and set it in the `/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env` file during runtime.
|
||||
|
||||
If you are using a different CRI, you have to modify the file
|
||||
`/etc/default/kubelet` (`/etc/sysconfig/kubelet` for CentOS, RHEL, Fedora) with your `cgroup-driver` value, like so:
|
||||
If you are using a different CRI, you must pass your `cgroupDriver` value to `kubeadm init`, like so:
|
||||
-->
|
||||
## 在控制平面节点上配置 kubelet 使用的 cgroup 驱动程序 {#configure-cgroup-driver-used-by-kubelet-on-contol-plane-node}
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS=--cgroup-driver=<value>
|
||||
使用 Docker 时,kubeadm 会自动为其检测 cgroup 驱动并在运行时对
|
||||
`/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env` 文件进行配置。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你在使用不同的 CRI,你必须为 `kubeadm init` 传递 `cgroupDriver`
|
||||
值,像这样:
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
|
||||
kind: KubeletConfiguration
|
||||
cgroupDriver: <value>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This file will be used by `kubeadm init` and `kubeadm join` to source extra
|
||||
user defined arguments for the kubelet.
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
For further details, please read [Using kubeadm init with a configuration file](/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-init/#config-file).
|
||||
|
||||
Please mind, that you **only** have to do that if the cgroup driver of your CRI
|
||||
is not `cgroupfs`, because that is the default value in the kubelet already.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
进一步的相关细节,可参阅
|
||||
[使用配置文件来执行 kubeadm init](/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-init/#config-file)。
|
||||
|
||||
请注意,你只需要在你的 cgroup 驱动程序不是 `cgroupfs` 时这么做,
|
||||
因为它已经是 kubelet 中的默认值。
|
||||
|
||||
{{< note >}}
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
Since `--cgroup-driver` flag has been deprecated by the kubelet, if you have that in `/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env`
|
||||
or `/etc/default/kubelet`(`/etc/sysconfig/kubelet` for RPMs), please remove it and use the KubeletConfiguration instead
|
||||
(stored in `/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml` by default).
|
||||
-->
|
||||
由于 kubelet 已经弃用了 `--cgroup-driver` 标志,如果你在配置文件
|
||||
`/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env` 或者 `/etc/default/kubelet`
|
||||
(对于 RPM 而言是 `/etc/sysconfig/kubelet`)包含此设置,请将其删除
|
||||
并使用 KubeletConfiguration 作为替代(默认存储于
|
||||
`/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml` 文件中)。
|
||||
{{< /note >}}
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
Restarting the kubelet is required:
|
||||
-->
|
||||
需要重新启动 kubelet:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
|
||||
sudo systemctl restart kubelet
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
The automatic detection of cgroup driver for other container runtimes
|
||||
like CRI-O and containerd is work in progress.
|
||||
|
||||
-->
|
||||
## 在控制平面节点上配置 kubelet 使用的 cgroup 驱动程序 {#configure-cgroup-driver-used-by-kubelet-on-master-node}
|
||||
|
||||
使用 docker 时,kubeadm 会自动为其检测 cgroup 驱动并在运行时对 `/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env` 文件进行配置。
|
||||
|
||||
如果您使用不同的 CRI,您需要使用 `cgroup-driver` 值修改 `/etc/default/kubelet` 文件(对于 CentOS、RHEL、Fedora,修改 `/etc/sysconfig/kubelet` 文件),像这样:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS=--cgroup-driver=<value>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
这个文件将由 `kubeadm init` 和 `kubeadm join` 使用以获取额外的用户自定义的 kubelet 参数。
|
||||
|
||||
请注意,您 **只** 需要在您的 cgroup 驱动程序不是 `cgroupfs` 时这么做,因为它已经是 kubelet 中的默认值。
|
||||
|
||||
需要重新启动 kubelet:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
systemctl daemon-reload
|
||||
systemctl restart kubelet
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
自动检测其他容器运行时的 cgroup 驱动,例如在进程中工作的 CRI-O 和 containerd。
|
||||
|
||||
自动检测其他容器运行时(例如 CRI-O 和 containerd)的 cgroup 驱动的相关
|
||||
工作扔在进行中。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
## Troubleshooting
|
||||
@@ -502,12 +555,11 @@ If you are running into difficulties with kubeadm, please consult our [troublesh
|
||||
-->
|
||||
## 故障排查
|
||||
|
||||
如果您在使用 kubeadm 时遇到困难,请参阅我们的
|
||||
如果你在使用 kubeadm 时遇到困难,请参阅我们的
|
||||
[故障排查文档](/zh/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/troubleshooting-kubeadm/)。
|
||||
|
||||
## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
* [Using kubeadm to Create a Cluster](/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/create-cluster-kubeadm/)
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user