Merge pull request #26287 from tengqm/zh-sync-install-kubectl

[zh] sync install kubectl
2021-02-02 07:06:28 -08:00
parent 32930a38a5 cb1641b0c7
commit 8bb2064f1f
1 changed files with 205 additions and 57 deletions
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ and view logs. For a complete list of kubectl operations, see
 -->
 使用 Kubernetes 命令行工具 [kubectl](/zh/docs/reference/kubectl/kubectl/)，
 你可以在 Kubernetes 上运行命令。
-使用 kubectl，你可以部署应用、检查和管理集群资源、查看日志。
+使用 kubectl，你可以部署应用、检视和管理集群资源、查看日志。
 要了解 kubectl 操作的完整列表，请参阅
 [kubectl 概览](/zh/docs/reference/kubectl/overview/)。

@@ -60,44 +60,97 @@ Using the latest version of kubectl helps avoid unforeseen issues.
 -->
 1. 使用下面命令下载最新的发行版本：

-   ```
-   curl -LO "https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/$(curl -s https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl"
+   ```bash
+   curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl"
   ```

   <!--
-   To download a specific version, replace the `$(curl -s https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/stable.txt)` portion of the command with the specific version.
+   To download a specific version, replace the `$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)` portion of the command with the specific version.

   For example, to download version {{< param "fullversion" >}} on Linux, type:
   -->
-   要下载特定版本， `$(curl -s https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/stable.txt)`
+   要下载特定版本，将命令中的 `$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)`
   部分替换为指定版本。

   例如，要下载 Linux 上的版本 {{< param "fullversion" >}}，输入：
    
   ```
-   curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/{{< param "fullversion" >}}/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl
+   curl -LO https://dl.k8s.io/release/{{< param "fullversion" >}}/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl
   ```

 <!--
-2. Make the kubectl binary executable.
+1. Validate the binary (optional)
 -->
-2. 标记 kubectl 文件为可执行：
+2. 验证可执行文件（可选步骤）：

+   <!--
+   Download the kubectl checksum file:
+   -->
+   下载 kubectl 校验和文件：
+
+   ```bash
+   curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl.sha256"
   ```
-   chmod +x ./kubectl
+
+   <!--
+   Validate the kubectl binary against the checksum file:
+   -->
+   使用校验和文件检查 kubectl 可执行二进制文件：
+
+   ```bash
+   echo "$(<kubectl.sha256) kubectl" | sha256sum --check
   ```

+   <!--
+   If valid, the output is:
+   -->
+   如果合法，则输出为：
+
+   ```bash
+   kubectl: OK
+   ```
+
+   <!--
+   If the check fails, `sha256` exits with nonzero status and prints output similar to:
+   -->
+   如果检查失败，则 `sha256` 退出且状态值非 0 并打印类似如下输出：
+
+   ```bash
+   kubectl: FAILED
+   sha256sum: WARNING: 1 computed checksum did NOT match
+   ```
+
+   {{< note >}}
+   <!--
+   Download the same version of the binary and checksum.
+   -->
+   所下载的二进制可执行文件和校验和文件须是同一版本。
+   {{< /note >}}
+
+
 <!--
-3. Move the binary in to your PATH.
+1. Install kubectl
 -->
-3. 将文件放到 PATH 路径下：
+3. 安装 kubectl

+   ```bash
+   sudo install -o root -g root -m 0755 kubectl /usr/local/bin/kubectl
   ```
-   sudo mv ./kubectl /usr/local/bin/kubectl
+
+   <!--
+   If you do not have root access on the target system, you can still install kubectl to the `~/.local/bin` directory:
+   -->
+   如果你并不拥有目标系统的 root 访问权限，你仍可以将 kubectl 安装到
+   `~/.local/bin` 目录下：
+
+   ```bash
+   mkdir -p ~/.local/bin/kubectl
+   mv ./kubectl ~/.local/bin/kubectl
+   # 之后将 ~/.local/bin/kubectl 添加到环境变量 $PATH 中
   ```

 <!--
-4. Test to ensure the version you installed is up-to-date:
+1. Test to ensure the version you installed is up-to-date:
 -->
 4. 测试你所安装的版本是最新的：

@@ -118,6 +171,7 @@ echo "deb https://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main" | sudo tee -a /etc/
 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get install -y kubectl
 {{< /tab >}}
+
 {{< tab name="CentOS、RHEL 或 Fedora" codelang="bash" >}}
 cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
 [kubernetes]
@@ -186,42 +240,95 @@ kubectl version --client
 1. 下载最新发行版本：

   ```bash
-   curl -LO "https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/$(curl -s https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/stable.txt)/bin/darwin/amd64/kubectl"
+   curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/darwin/amd64/kubectl"
   ```

   <!--
-   To download a specific version, replace the `$(curl -s https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/stable.txt)` portion of the command with the specific version.
+   To download a specific version, replace the `$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)` portion of the command with the specific version.

   For example, to download version {{< param "fullversion" >}} on macOS, type:
   -->
-   要下载特定版本，可将上面命令中的`$(curl -s https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/stable.txt)`
+   要下载特定版本，可将上面命令中的 `$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)`
   部分替换成你想要的版本。

   例如，要在 macOS 上安装版本 {{< param "fullversion" >}}，输入：

   ```bash
-   curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/{{< param "fullversion" >}}/bin/darwin/amd64/kubectl
+   curl -LO https://dl.k8s.io/release/{{< param "fullversion" >}}/bin/darwin/amd64/kubectl
   ```

-   <!-- Make the kubectl binary executable. -->
-   将二进制文件标记为可执行：
+<!--
+1. Validate the binary (optional)
+-->
+2. 检查二进制可执行文件（可选操作）
+
+   <!--
+   Download the kubectl checksum file:
+   -->
+   下载 kubectl 校验和文件：
+
+   ```bash
+   curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/darwin/amd64/kubectl.sha256"
+   ```
+
+   <!--
+   Validate the kubectl binary against the checksum file:
+   -->
+   使用校验和文件检查 kubectl 二进制可执行文件：
+
+   ```bash
+   echo "$(<kubectl.sha256)  kubectl" | shasum -a 256 --check
+   ```
+
+   <!--
+   If valid, the output is:
+   -->
+   如果合法，则输出为：
+
+   ```bash
+   kubectl: OK
+   ```
+
+   <!--
+   If the check fails, `shasum` exits with nonzero status and prints output similar to:
+   -->
+   如果检查失败，则 `shasum` 退出且状态值为非 0，并打印类似如下的输出：
+
+   ```bash
+   kubectl: FAILED
+   shasum: WARNING: 1 computed checksum did NOT match
+   ```
+
+   {{< note >}}
+   <!--
+   Download the same version of the binary and checksum.
+   -->
+   下载的二进制可执行文件和校验和文件须为同一版本。
+   {{< /note >}}
+
+<!--
+1. Make the kubectl binary executable.
+-->
+3. 设置 kubectl 二进制文件为可执行模式

   ```bash
   chmod +x ./kubectl
   ```
+
 <!--
-3. Move the binary in to your PATH.
+1. Move the kubectl binary to a file location on your system `PATH`.
 -->
-3. 将二进制文件放入 PATH 目录下：
+4. 将 kubectl 二进制文件移动到系统 `PATH` 环境变量中的某个位置：

   ```bash
-   sudo mv ./kubectl /usr/local/bin/kubectl
+   sudo mv ./kubectl /usr/local/bin/kubectl && \
+   sudo chown root: /usr/local/bin/kubectl
   ```

 <!--
 4. Test to ensure the version you installed is up-to-date:
 -->
-4. 测试以确保所安装的版本是最新的：
+5. 测试以确保所安装的版本是最新的：

   ```bash
   kubectl version --client
@@ -256,7 +363,7 @@ If you are on macOS and using [Homebrew](https://brew.sh/) package manager, you
   ```

 <!--
-2. Test to ensure the version you installed is sufficiently up-to-date:
+1. Test to ensure the version you installed is sufficiently up-to-date:
 -->
 2. 测试以确保你安装的版本是最新的：

@@ -271,7 +378,8 @@ If you are on macOS and using [Macports](https://macports.org/) package manager,
 -->
 ### 在 macOS 上用 Macports 安装 kubectl

-如果你使用的是 macOS 系统并使用 [Macports](https://macports.org/) 包管理器，你可以通过 Macports 安装 kubectl。
+如果你使用的是 macOS 系统并使用 [Macports](https://macports.org/) 包管理器，
+你可以通过 Macports 安装 kubectl。

 <!--
 1. Run the installation command:
@@ -293,7 +401,7 @@ If you are on macOS and using [Macports](https://macports.org/) package manager,
   ```

 <!--
-## Install kubectl on Windows
+## Install kubectl on Windows   {#install-kubectl-on-windows}

 ### Install kubectl binary with curl on Windows
 -->
@@ -302,36 +410,74 @@ If you are on macOS and using [Macports](https://macports.org/) package manager,
 ### 在 Windows 上使用 curl 安装 kubectl 二进制文件

 <!--
-1. Download the latest release {{< param "fullversion" >}} from [this link](https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/{{< param "fullversion" >}}/bin/windows/amd64/kubectl.exe).
+1. Download the [latest release {{< param "fullversion" >}}](https://dl.k8s.io/release/{{< param "fullversion" >}}/bin/windows/amd64/kubectl.exe).

   Or if you have `curl` installed, use this command:
 -->
-1. 从[此链接](https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/{{< param "fullversion" >}}/bin/windows/amd64/kubectl.exe)
-   下载最新发行版本 {{< param "fullversion" >}}。
+1. 下载[最新发行版本 {{< param "fullversion" >}}](https://dl.k8s.io/release/{{< param "fullversion" >}}/bin/windows/amd64/kubectl.exe)。

   或者如何你安装了 `curl`，使用下面的命令：

   ```bash
-   curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/{{< param "fullversion" >}}/bin/windows/amd64/kubectl.exe
+   curl -LO https://dl.k8s.io/release/{{< param "fullversion" >}}/bin/windows/amd64/kubectl.exe
   ```

   <!--
-   To find out the latest stable version (for example, for scripting), take a look at [https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/stable.txt](https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/stable.txt).
+   To find out the latest stable version (for example, for scripting), take a look at [https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt](https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt).
   -->
-   要了解最新的稳定版本（例如，出于脚本编写目的），可查看
-   [https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/stable.txt](https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/stable.txt)。
+   要了解哪个是最新的稳定版本（例如，出于脚本编写目的），可查看
+   [https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt](https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)。

 <!--
-2. Add the binary in to your PATH.
+1. Validate the binary (optional)
 -->
-2. 将可执行文件放到 PATH 目录下。
+2. 验证二进制可执行文件（可选操作）
+
+   <!--
+   Download the kubectl checksum file:
+   -->
+   下载 kubectl 校验和文件：
+
+   ```powershell
+   curl -LO https://dl.k8s.io/{{< param "fullversion" >}}/bin/windows/amd64/kubectl.exe.sha256
+   ```
+
+   <!--
+   Validate the kubectl binary against the checksum file:
+   -->
+   使用校验和文件验证 kubectl 可执行二进制文件：
+
+   <!--
+   - Using Command Prompt to manually compare `CertUtil`'s output to the checksum file downloaded:
+   -->
+   - 使用命令行提示符（Commmand Prompt）来手动比较 `CertUtil` 的输出与
+     所下载的校验和文件：
+
+     ```cmd
+     CertUtil -hashfile kubectl.exe SHA256
+     type kubectl.exe.sha256
+     ```
+
+   <!--
+   - Using PowerShell to automate the verification using the `-eq` operator to get a `True` or `False` result:
+   -->
+   - 使用 PowerShell 的 `-eq` 操作符来自动完成校验操作，获得 `True` 或 `False` 结果：
+
+     ```powershell
+     $($(CertUtil -hashfile .\kubectl.exe SHA256)[1] -replace " ", "") -eq $(type .\kubectl.exe.sha256)
+     ```

 <!--
-3. Test to ensure the version of `kubectl` is the same as downloaded:
+1. Add the binary in to your PATH.
 -->
-3. 测试以确定所下载的 `kubectl` 版本是正确的的：
+3. 将可执行文件放到 PATH 目录下。

-   ```bash
+<!--
+1. Test to ensure the version of `kubectl` is the same as downloaded:
+-->
+4. 测试以确定所下载的 `kubectl` 版本是正确的的：
+
+   ```cmd
   kubectl version --client
   ```

@@ -341,20 +487,20 @@ If you have installed Docker Desktop before, you may need to place your PATH ent
 -->
 {{< note >}}
 [Docker Desktop for Windows](https://docs.docker.com/docker-for-windows/#kubernetes)
-会在 PATH 中添加自己的 `kubectl` 程序。
+会将自己的 `kubectl` 程序添加到 PATH 中。
 如果你之前安装过 Docker Desktop，你可能需要将新安装的 PATH 项放到 Docker Desktop
 安装程序所添加的目录之前，或者干脆删除 Docker Desktop 所安装的 `kubectl`。
 {{< /note >}}

 <!--
-## Install with Powershell from PSGallery
+## Install with PowerShell from PSGallery

-If you are on Windows and using [Powershell Gallery](https://www.powershellgallery.com/) package manager, you can install and update kubectl with Powershell.
+If you are on Windows and using [PowerShell Gallery](https://www.powershellgallery.com/) package manager, you can install and update kubectl with PowerShell.
 -->
 ## 使用 PowerShell 从 PSGallery 安装 kubectl

 如果你使用的是 Windows 系统并使用 [Powershell Gallery](https://www.powershellgallery.com/)
-软件包管理器，你可以使用 Powershell 安装和更新 kubectl。
+软件包管理器，你可以使用 PowerShell 安装和更新 kubectl。

 <!--
 1. Run the installation commands (making sure to specify a `DownloadLocation`):
@@ -363,14 +509,14 @@ If you are on Windows and using [Powershell Gallery](https://www.powershellgalle

   ```powershell
   Install-Script -Name 'install-kubectl' -Scope CurrentUser -Force
-   install-kubectl.ps1 [-DownloadLocation <path>]
+   install-kubectl.ps1 [-DownloadLocation <路径名>]
   ```

   <!--
-   If you do not specify a `DownloadLocation`, `kubectl` will be installed in the user's temp Directory.
+   If you do not specify a `DownloadLocation`, `kubectl` will be installed in the user's `temp` Directory.
   -->
   {{< note >}}
-   如果你没有指定 `DownloadLocation`，那么 `kubectl` 将安装在用户的临时目录中。
+   如果你没有指定 `DownloadLocation`，那么 `kubectl` 将安装在用户的 `temp` 目录中。
   {{< /note >}}

   <!--
@@ -402,8 +548,6 @@ Updating the installation is performed by rerunning the two commands listed in s
 <!--
 1. To install kubectl on Windows you can use either [Chocolatey](https://chocolatey.org) package manager or [Scoop](https://scoop.sh) command-line installer.
 -->
-
-
 1. 要在 Windows 上用 [Chocolatey](https://chocolatey.org) 或者
   [Scoop](https://scoop.sh) 命令行安装程序安装 kubectl：

@@ -421,7 +565,7 @@ Updating the installation is performed by rerunning the two commands listed in s
   {{< /tabs >}}

 <!--
-2. Test to ensure the version you installed is up-to-date:
+1. Test to ensure the version you installed is up-to-date:
 -->
 2. 测试以确保你安装的版本是最新的：

@@ -430,7 +574,7 @@ Updating the installation is performed by rerunning the two commands listed in s
   ```

 <!--
-3. Navigate to your home directory:
+1. Navigate to your home directory:
 -->
 3. 切换到你的 HOME 目录：

@@ -440,7 +584,7 @@ Updating the installation is performed by rerunning the two commands listed in s
   ```

 <!--
-4. Create the `.kube` directory:
+1. Create the `.kube` directory:
 -->
 4. 创建 `.kube` 目录：

@@ -449,7 +593,7 @@ Updating the installation is performed by rerunning the two commands listed in s
   ```

 <!--
-5. Change to the `.kube` directory you just created:
+1. Change to the `.kube` directory you just created:
 -->
 5. 进入到刚刚创建的 `.kube` 目录：

@@ -458,7 +602,7 @@ Updating the installation is performed by rerunning the two commands listed in s
   ```

 <!--
-6. Configure kubectl to use a remote Kubernetes cluster:
+1. Configure kubectl to use a remote Kubernetes cluster:
 -->
 6. 配置 kubectl 以使用远程 Kubernetes 集群：

@@ -539,11 +683,13 @@ If you see a URL response, kubectl is correctly configured to access your cluste

 If you see a message similar to the following, kubectl is not configured correctly or is not able to connect to a Kubernetes cluster.
 -->
-如果你看到一个 URL 被返回，那么 kubectl 已经被正确配置，能够正常访问你的 Kubernetes 集群。
+如果你看到一个 URL 被返回，那么 kubectl 已经被正确配置，
+能够正常访问你的 Kubernetes 集群。

-如果你看到类似以下的信息被返回，那么 kubectl 没有被正确配置，无法正常访问你的 Kubernetes 集群。
+如果你看到类似以下的信息被返回，那么 kubectl 没有被正确配置，
+无法正常访问你的 Kubernetes 集群。

-```shell
+```
 The connection to the server <server-name:port> was refused - did you specify the right host or port?
 ```

@@ -552,9 +698,11 @@ For example, if you are intending to run a Kubernetes cluster on your laptop (lo

 If kubectl cluster-info returns the url response but you can't access your cluster, to check whether it is configured properly, use:
 -->
-例如，如果你打算在笔记本电脑（本地）上运行 Kubernetes 集群，则需要首先安装 minikube 等工具，然后重新运行上述命令。
+例如，如果你打算在笔记本电脑（本地）上运行 Kubernetes 集群，则需要首先安装
+minikube 等工具，然后重新运行上述命令。

-如果 kubectl cluster-info 能够返回 URL 响应，但你无法访问你的集群，可以使用下面的命令检查配置是否正确：
+如果 kubectl cluster-info 能够返回 URL 响应，但你无法访问你的集群，可以使用
+下面的命令检查配置是否正确：

 ```shell
 kubectl cluster-info dump