k8s-tutorials-stateful-application (#5112)
* k8s-tutorials-stateful-application * change author and email to pass CLA
This commit is contained in:
打雷不怕
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
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# This is an image with Percona XtraBackup, mysql-client and ncat installed.
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FROM debian:jessie
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RUN \
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echo "deb http://repo.percona.com/apt jessie main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/percona.list \
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&& echo "deb-src http://repo.percona.com/apt jessie main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/percona.list \
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&& apt-key adv --keyserver keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 8507EFA5
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RUN \
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apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
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percona-xtrabackup-24 \
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mysql-client \
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nmap \
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&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
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CMD ["bash"]
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File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load Diff
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apiVersion: v1
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kind: Service
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metadata:
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labels:
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app: cassandra
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name: cassandra
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spec:
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clusterIP: None
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ports:
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- port: 9042
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selector:
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app: cassandra
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@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
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apiVersion: "apps/v1beta1"
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kind: StatefulSet
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metadata:
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name: cassandra
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spec:
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serviceName: cassandra
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replicas: 3
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template:
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metadata:
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labels:
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app: cassandra
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spec:
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containers:
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- name: cassandra
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image: gcr.io/google-samples/cassandra:v12
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imagePullPolicy: Always
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ports:
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- containerPort: 7000
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name: intra-node
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- containerPort: 7001
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name: tls-intra-node
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- containerPort: 7199
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name: jmx
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- containerPort: 9042
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name: cql
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resources:
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limits:
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cpu: "500m"
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memory: 1Gi
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requests:
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cpu: "500m"
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memory: 1Gi
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securityContext:
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capabilities:
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add:
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- IPC_LOCK
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lifecycle:
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preStop:
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exec:
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command: ["/bin/sh", "-c", "PID=$(pidof java) && kill $PID && while ps -p $PID > /dev/null; do sleep 1; done"]
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env:
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- name: MAX_HEAP_SIZE
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value: 512M
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- name: HEAP_NEWSIZE
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value: 100M
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- name: CASSANDRA_SEEDS
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value: "cassandra-0.cassandra.default.svc.cluster.local"
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- name: CASSANDRA_CLUSTER_NAME
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value: "K8Demo"
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- name: CASSANDRA_DC
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value: "DC1-K8Demo"
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- name: CASSANDRA_RACK
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value: "Rack1-K8Demo"
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- name: CASSANDRA_AUTO_BOOTSTRAP
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value: "false"
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- name: POD_IP
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valueFrom:
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fieldRef:
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fieldPath: status.podIP
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readinessProbe:
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exec:
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command:
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- /bin/bash
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- -c
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- /ready-probe.sh
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initialDelaySeconds: 15
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timeoutSeconds: 5
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# These volume mounts are persistent. They are like inline claims,
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# but not exactly because the names need to match exactly one of
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# the stateful pod volumes.
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volumeMounts:
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- name: cassandra-data
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mountPath: /cassandra_data
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# These are converted to volume claims by the controller
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# and mounted at the paths mentioned above.
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# do not use these in production until ssd GCEPersistentDisk or other ssd pd
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volumeClaimTemplates:
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- metadata:
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name: cassandra-data
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annotations:
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volume.beta.kubernetes.io/storage-class: fast
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spec:
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accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
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resources:
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requests:
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storage: 1Gi
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---
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kind: StorageClass
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apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1beta1
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metadata:
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name: fast
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provisioner: k8s.io/minikube-hostpath
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parameters:
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type: pd-ssd
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@@ -0,0 +1,851 @@
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---
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title: "Example: Deploying Cassandra with Stateful Sets"
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title: “示例：使用 Stateful Sets 部署 Cassandra”
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---
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## 目录
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- [准备工作](#prerequisites)
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- [Cassandra docker 镜像](#cassandra-docker)
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- [快速入门](#quickstart)
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- [步骤1：创建 Cassandra Headless Service](#step-1-create-a-cassandra-headless-service)
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- [步骤2：使用 StatefulSet 创建 Cassandra Ring环](#step-2-use-a-statefulset-to-create-cassandra-ring)
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- [步骤3：验证并修改 Cassandra StatefulSet](#step-3-validate-and-modify-the-cassandra-statefulset)
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- [步骤4：删除 Cassandra StatefulSet](#step-4-delete-cassandra-statefulset)
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- [步骤5：使用 Replication Controller 创建 Cassandra 节点 pods](#step-5-use-a-replication-controller-to-create-cassandra-node-pods)
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- [步骤6：Cassandra 集群扩容](#step-6-scale-up-the-cassandra-cluster)
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- [步骤7：删除 Replication Controller](#step-7-delete-the-replication-controller)
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- [步骤8：使用 DaemonSet 替换 Replication Controller](#step-8-use-a-daemonset-instead-of-a-replication-controller)
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- [步骤9：资源清理](#step-9-resource-cleanup)
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- [Seed Provider Source](#seed-provider-source)
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下文描述了在 Kubernetes 上部署一个_云原生_ [Cassandra](http://cassandra.apache.org/) 的过程。当我们说_云原生_时，指的是一个应用能够理解它运行在一个集群管理器内部，并且使用这个集群的管理基础设施来帮助实现这个应用。特别的，本例使用了一个自定义的 Cassandra `SeedProvider` 帮助 Cassandra 发现新加入集群 Cassandra 节点。
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本示例也使用了Kubernetes的一些核心组件：
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- [_Pods_](/docs/user-guide/pods)
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- [ _Services_](/docs/user-guide/services)
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- [_Replication Controllers_](/docs/user-guide/replication-controller)
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- [_Stateful Sets_](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/statefulset/)
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- [_Daemon Sets_](/docs/admin/daemons)
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## 准备工作
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本示例假设你已经安装运行了一个 Kubernetes集群（版本 >=1.2），并且还在某个路径下安装了 [`kubectl`](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/install-kubectl/) 命令行工具。请查看 [getting started guides](https://kubernetes.io/docs/getting-started-guides/) 获取关于你的平台的安装说明。
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本示例还需要一些代码和配置文件。为了避免手动输入，你可以 `git clone` Kubernetes 源到你本地。
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## Cassandra Docker镜像
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Pods 使用来自 Google 的 [container registry](https://cloud.google.com/container-registry/docs/) 的 [```gcr.io/google-samples/cassandra:v12```](https://github.com/kubernetes/examples/blob/master/cassandra/image/Dockerfile) 镜像。这个 docker 镜像基于 `debian:jessie` 并包含 OpenJDK 8。该镜像包含一个从 Apache Debian 源中安装的标准 Cassandra。你可以通过使用环境变量改变插入到 `cassandra.yaml` 文件中的参数值。
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| ENV VAR | DEFAULT VALUE |
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| ---------------------- | :------------: |
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| CASSANDRA_CLUSTER_NAME | 'Test Cluster' |
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| CASSANDRA_NUM_TOKENS | 32 |
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| CASSANDRA_RPC_ADDRESS | 0.0.0.0 |
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## 快速入门
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如果你希望直接跳到我们使用的命令，以下是全部步骤：
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```sh
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#
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# StatefulSet
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#
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# clone the example repository
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git clone https://github.com/kubernetes/examples
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cd examples
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# create a service to track all cassandra statefulset nodes
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kubectl create -f cassandra/cassandra-service.yaml
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# create a statefulset
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kubectl create -f cassandra/cassandra-statefulset.yaml
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# validate the Cassandra cluster. Substitute the name of one of your pods.
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kubectl exec -ti cassandra-0 -- nodetool status
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# cleanup
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grace=$(kubectl get po cassandra-0 -o=jsonpath='{.spec.terminationGracePeriodSeconds}') \
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&& kubectl delete statefulset,po -l app=cassandra \
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&& echo "Sleeping $grace" \
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&& sleep $grace \
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&& kubectl delete pvc -l app=cassandra
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#
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# Resource Controller Example
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#
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# create a replication controller to replicate cassandra nodes
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kubectl create -f cassandra/cassandra-controller.yaml
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# validate the Cassandra cluster. Substitute the name of one of your pods.
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kubectl exec -ti cassandra-xxxxx -- nodetool status
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# scale up the Cassandra cluster
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kubectl scale rc cassandra --replicas=4
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# delete the replication controller
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kubectl delete rc cassandra
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#
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# Create a DaemonSet to place a cassandra node on each kubernetes node
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#
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kubectl create -f cassandra/cassandra-daemonset.yaml --validate=false
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# resource cleanup
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kubectl delete service -l app=cassandra
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kubectl delete daemonset cassandra
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```
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## 步骤1：创建 Cassandra Headless Service
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Kubernetes _[Service](/docs/user-guide/services)_ 描述一组执行同样任务的 [_Pods_](/docs/user-guide/pods)。在Kubernetes中，一个应用的原子调度单位是一个 Pod：一个或多个_必须_调度到相同主机上的容器。
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这个 Service 用于在Kubernetes 集群内部进行 Cassandra 客户端和 Cassandra Pods之间的 DNS 查找。
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以下为这个 service 的描述：
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|
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```yaml
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apiVersion: v1
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kind: Service
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metadata:
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labels:
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app: cassandra
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name: cassandra
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spec:
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clusterIP: None
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ports:
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- port: 9042
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selector:
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app: cassandra
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```
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[下载示例](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/examples/master/cassandra-service.yaml)
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为 StatefulSet 创建 service
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```console
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$ kubectl create -f cassandra/cassandra-service.yaml
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```
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以下命令显示了 service 是否被成功创建。
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|
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```console
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$ kubectl get svc cassandra
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```
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命令的响应应该像这样：
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```console
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NAME CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
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cassandra None <none> 9042/TCP 45s
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```
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如果返回错误则表示 service 创建失败。
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## 步骤2：使用 StatefulSet 创建 Cassandra Ring环
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|
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StatefulSets（以前叫做 PetSets）特性在 Kubernetes 1.5 中升级为一个 <i>Beta</i> 组件。在集群环境中部署类似于 Cassandra 的有状态分布式应用是一项具有挑战性的工作。我们实现了StatefulSet，极大的简化了这个过程。本示例使用了 StatefulSet 的多个特性，但其本身超出了本文的范围。[请参考 Stateful Set 文档。](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/statefulset/)
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以下是StatefulSet 的清单文件，用于创建一个由三个 pods 组成的 Cassandra ring环。
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本示例使用了 GCE Storage Class，请根据你运行的云平台做适当的修改。
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||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
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```yaml
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apiVersion: "apps/v1beta1"
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kind: StatefulSet
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metadata:
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name: cassandra
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||||
spec:
|
||||
serviceName: cassandra
|
||||
replicas: 3
|
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template:
|
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metadata:
|
||||
labels:
|
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app: cassandra
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
containers:
|
||||
- name: cassandra
|
||||
image: gcr.io/google-samples/cassandra:v12
|
||||
imagePullPolicy: Always
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- containerPort: 7000
|
||||
name: intra-node
|
||||
- containerPort: 7001
|
||||
name: tls-intra-node
|
||||
- containerPort: 7199
|
||||
name: jmx
|
||||
- containerPort: 9042
|
||||
name: cql
|
||||
resources:
|
||||
limits:
|
||||
cpu: "500m"
|
||||
memory: 1Gi
|
||||
requests:
|
||||
cpu: "500m"
|
||||
memory: 1Gi
|
||||
securityContext:
|
||||
capabilities:
|
||||
add:
|
||||
- IPC_LOCK
|
||||
lifecycle:
|
||||
preStop:
|
||||
exec:
|
||||
command: ["/bin/sh", "-c", "PID=$(pidof java) && kill $PID && while ps -p $PID > /dev/null; do sleep 1; done"]
|
||||
env:
|
||||
- name: MAX_HEAP_SIZE
|
||||
value: 512M
|
||||
- name: HEAP_NEWSIZE
|
||||
value: 100M
|
||||
- name: CASSANDRA_SEEDS
|
||||
value: "cassandra-0.cassandra.default.svc.cluster.local"
|
||||
- name: CASSANDRA_CLUSTER_NAME
|
||||
value: "K8Demo"
|
||||
- name: CASSANDRA_DC
|
||||
value: "DC1-K8Demo"
|
||||
- name: CASSANDRA_RACK
|
||||
value: "Rack1-K8Demo"
|
||||
- name: CASSANDRA_AUTO_BOOTSTRAP
|
||||
value: "false"
|
||||
- name: POD_IP
|
||||
valueFrom:
|
||||
fieldRef:
|
||||
fieldPath: status.podIP
|
||||
readinessProbe:
|
||||
exec:
|
||||
command:
|
||||
- /bin/bash
|
||||
- -c
|
||||
- /ready-probe.sh
|
||||
initialDelaySeconds: 15
|
||||
timeoutSeconds: 5
|
||||
# These volume mounts are persistent. They are like inline claims,
|
||||
# but not exactly because the names need to match exactly one of
|
||||
# the stateful pod volumes.
|
||||
volumeMounts:
|
||||
- name: cassandra-data
|
||||
mountPath: /cassandra_data
|
||||
# These are converted to volume claims by the controller
|
||||
# and mounted at the paths mentioned above.
|
||||
# do not use these in production until ssd GCEPersistentDisk or other ssd pd
|
||||
volumeClaimTemplates:
|
||||
- metadata:
|
||||
name: cassandra-data
|
||||
annotations:
|
||||
volume.beta.kubernetes.io/storage-class: fast
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
|
||||
resources:
|
||||
requests:
|
||||
storage: 1Gi
|
||||
---
|
||||
kind: StorageClass
|
||||
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1beta1
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: fast
|
||||
provisioner: kubernetes.io/gce-pd
|
||||
parameters:
|
||||
type: pd-ssd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[下载示例](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/examples/master/cassandra-statefulset.yaml)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
创建 Cassandra StatefulSet 如下：
|
||||
|
||||
```console
|
||||
$ kubectl create -f cassandra/cassandra-statefulset.yaml
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 步骤3：验证和修改 Cassandra StatefulSet
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
这个 StatefulSet 的部署展示了 StatefulSets 提供的两个新特性：
|
||||
|
||||
1. Pod 的名称已知
|
||||
2. Pod 以递增顺序部署
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
首先，运行下面的 `kubectl` 命令，验证 StatefulSet 已经被成功部署。
|
||||
|
||||
```console
|
||||
$ kubectl get statefulset cassandra
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
这个命令的响应应该像这样：
|
||||
|
||||
```console
|
||||
NAME DESIRED CURRENT AGE
|
||||
cassandra 3 3 13s
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
接下来观察 Cassandra pods 以一个接一个的形式部署。StatefulSet 资源按照数字序号的模式部署 pods：1, 2, 3 等。如果在 pods 部署前执行下面的命令，你就能够看到这种顺序的创建过程。
|
||||
|
||||
```console
|
||||
$ kubectl get pods -l="app=cassandra"
|
||||
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
|
||||
cassandra-0 1/1 Running 0 1m
|
||||
cassandra-1 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 8s
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
上面的示例显示了三个 Cassandra StatefulSet pods 中的两个已经部署。一旦所有的 pods 都部署成功，相同的命令会显示一个完整的StatefulSet。
|
||||
|
||||
```console
|
||||
$ kubectl get pods -l="app=cassandra"
|
||||
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
|
||||
cassandra-0 1/1 Running 0 10m
|
||||
cassandra-1 1/1 Running 0 9m
|
||||
cassandra-2 1/1 Running 0 8m
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
运行 Cassandra 工具 `nodetool` 将显示 ring环的状态。
|
||||
|
||||
```console
|
||||
$ kubectl exec cassandra-0 -- nodetool status
|
||||
Datacenter: DC1-K8Demo
|
||||
======================
|
||||
Status=Up/Down
|
||||
|/ State=Normal/Leaving/Joining/Moving
|
||||
-- Address Load Tokens Owns (effective) Host ID Rack
|
||||
UN 10.4.2.4 65.26 KiB 32 63.7% a9d27f81-6783-461d-8583-87de2589133e Rack1-K8Demo
|
||||
UN 10.4.0.4 102.04 KiB 32 66.7% 5559a58c-8b03-47ad-bc32-c621708dc2e4 Rack1-K8Demo
|
||||
UN 10.4.1.4 83.06 KiB 32 69.6% 9dce943c-581d-4c0e-9543-f519969cc805 Rack1-K8Demo
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
你也可以运行 `cqlsh` 来显示集群的 keyspaces。
|
||||
|
||||
```console
|
||||
$ kubectl exec cassandra-0 -- cqlsh -e 'desc keyspaces'
|
||||
|
||||
system_traces system_schema system_auth system system_distributed
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
你需要使用 `kubectl edit` 来增加或减小 Cassandra StatefulSet 的大小。你可以在 [文档](/docs/user-guide/kubectl/kubectl_edit) 中找到更多关于 edit 命令的信息。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
使用以下命令编辑 StatefulSet。
|
||||
|
||||
```console
|
||||
$ kubectl edit statefulset cassandra
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
这会在你的命令行中创建一个编辑器。你需要修改的行是 `replicas`。这个例子没有包含终端窗口的所有内容，下面示例中的最后一行就是你希望改变的 replicas 行。
|
||||
|
||||
```console
|
||||
# Please edit the object below. Lines beginning with a '#' will be ignored,
|
||||
# and an empty file will abort the edit. If an error occurs while saving this file will be
|
||||
# reopened with the relevant failures.
|
||||
#
|
||||
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
|
||||
kind: StatefulSet
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
creationTimestamp: 2016-08-13T18:40:58Z
|
||||
generation: 1
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
app: cassandra
|
||||
name: cassandra
|
||||
namespace: default
|
||||
resourceVersion: "323"
|
||||
selfLink: /apis/apps/v1beta1/namespaces/default/statefulsets/cassandra
|
||||
uid: 7a219483-6185-11e6-a910-42010a8a0fc0
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
replicas: 3
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
按下面的示例修改清单文件并保存。
|
||||
|
||||
```console
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
replicas: 4
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
这个 StatefulSet 现在将包含四个 pods。
|
||||
|
||||
```console
|
||||
$ kubectl get statefulset cassandra
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
这个command的响应应该像这样：
|
||||
|
||||
```console
|
||||
NAME DESIRED CURRENT AGE
|
||||
cassandra 4 4 36m
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
对于 Kubernetes 1.5 发布版，beta StatefulSet 资源没有像 Deployment, ReplicaSet, Replication Controller或者 Job一样，包含 `kubectl scale` 功能，
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 步骤4：删除 Cassandra StatefulSet
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
删除或者缩容 StatefulSet 时不会删除与之关联的 volumes。这样做是为了优先保证安全。你的数据比其它会被自动清除的 StatefulSet 关联资源更宝贵。删除 Persistent Volume Claims 可能会导致关联的 volumes 被删除，这种行为依赖 storage class 和 reclaim policy。永远不要期望能在 claim 删除后访问一个 volume。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
使用如下命令删除 StatefulSet。
|
||||
|
||||
```console
|
||||
$ grace=$(kubectl get po cassandra-0 -o=jsonpath='{.spec.terminationGracePeriodSeconds}') \
|
||||
&& kubectl delete statefulset -l app=cassandra \
|
||||
&& echo "Sleeping $grace" \
|
||||
&& sleep $grace \
|
||||
&& kubectl delete pvc -l app=cassandra
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 步骤5：使用 Replication Controller 创建 Cassandra 节点 pods
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Kubernetes _[Replication Controller](/docs/user-guide/replication-controller)_ 负责复制一个完全相同的 pods 集合。像 Service 一样，它具有一个 selector query，用来识别它的集合成员。和 Service 不一样的是，它还具有一个期望的副本数，并且会通过创建或删除 Pods来保证 Pods 的数量满足它期望的状态。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
和我们刚才定义的 Service 一起，Replication Controller 能够让我们轻松的构建一个复制的、可扩展的 Cassandra 集群。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
让我们创建一个具有两个初始副本的 replication controller。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
apiVersion: v1
|
||||
kind: ReplicationController
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: cassandra
|
||||
# The labels will be applied automatically
|
||||
# from the labels in the pod template, if not set
|
||||
# labels:
|
||||
# app: cassandra
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
replicas: 2
|
||||
# The selector will be applied automatically
|
||||
# from the labels in the pod template, if not set.
|
||||
# selector:
|
||||
# app: cassandra
|
||||
template:
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
app: cassandra
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
containers:
|
||||
- command:
|
||||
- /run.sh
|
||||
resources:
|
||||
limits:
|
||||
cpu: 0.5
|
||||
env:
|
||||
- name: MAX_HEAP_SIZE
|
||||
value: 512M
|
||||
- name: HEAP_NEWSIZE
|
||||
value: 100M
|
||||
- name: CASSANDRA_SEED_PROVIDER
|
||||
value: "io.k8s.cassandra.KubernetesSeedProvider"
|
||||
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
|
||||
valueFrom:
|
||||
fieldRef:
|
||||
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
|
||||
- name: POD_IP
|
||||
valueFrom:
|
||||
fieldRef:
|
||||
fieldPath: status.podIP
|
||||
image: gcr.io/google-samples/cassandra:v12
|
||||
name: cassandra
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- containerPort: 7000
|
||||
name: intra-node
|
||||
- containerPort: 7001
|
||||
name: tls-intra-node
|
||||
- containerPort: 7199
|
||||
name: jmx
|
||||
- containerPort: 9042
|
||||
name: cql
|
||||
volumeMounts:
|
||||
- mountPath: /cassandra_data
|
||||
name: data
|
||||
volumes:
|
||||
- name: data
|
||||
emptyDir: {}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[下载示例](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/examples/master/cassandra-controller.yaml)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在这个描述中需要注意几件事情。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
`selector` 属性包含了控制器的 selector query。它能够被显式指定，或者在没有设置时，像此处一样从 pod 模板中的 labels 中自动应用。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Pod 模板的标签 `app:cassandra` 匹配步骤1中的 Service selector。这就是 Service 如何选择 replication controller 创建的 pods 的原理。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
`replicas` 属性指明了期望的副本数量，在本例中最开始为 2。我们很快将要扩容更多数量。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
创建 Replication Controller：
|
||||
|
||||
```console
|
||||
|
||||
$ kubectl create -f cassandra/cassandra-controller.yaml
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
你可以列出新建的 controller：
|
||||
|
||||
```console
|
||||
|
||||
$ kubectl get rc -o wide
|
||||
NAME DESIRED CURRENT AGE CONTAINER(S) IMAGE(S) SELECTOR
|
||||
cassandra 2 2 11s cassandra gcr.io/google-samples/cassandra:v12 app=cassandra
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
现在，如果你列出集群中的 pods，并且使用 `app=cassandra` 标签过滤，你应该能够看到两个 Cassandra pods。（`wide` 参数使你能够看到 pods 被调度到了哪个 Kubernetes 节点上）
|
||||
|
||||
```console
|
||||
|
||||
$ kubectl get pods -l="app=cassandra" -o wide
|
||||
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE NODE
|
||||
cassandra-21qyy 1/1 Running 0 1m kubernetes-minion-b286
|
||||
cassandra-q6sz7 1/1 Running 0 1m kubernetes-minion-9ye5
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
因为这些 pods 拥有 `app=cassandra` 标签，它们被映射给了我们在步骤1中创建的 service。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
你可以使用下面的 service endpoint 查询命令来检查 Pods 是否对 Service 可用。
|
||||
|
||||
```console
|
||||
|
||||
$ kubectl get endpoints cassandra -o yaml
|
||||
apiVersion: v1
|
||||
kind: Endpoints
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
creationTimestamp: 2015-06-21T22:34:12Z
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
app: cassandra
|
||||
name: cassandra
|
||||
namespace: default
|
||||
resourceVersion: "944373"
|
||||
selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/endpoints/cassandra
|
||||
uid: a3d6c25f-1865-11e5-a34e-42010af01bcc
|
||||
subsets:
|
||||
- addresses:
|
||||
- ip: 10.244.3.15
|
||||
targetRef:
|
||||
kind: Pod
|
||||
name: cassandra
|
||||
namespace: default
|
||||
resourceVersion: "944372"
|
||||
uid: 9ef9895d-1865-11e5-a34e-42010af01bcc
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- port: 9042
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
为了显示 `SeedProvider` 逻辑是按设想在运行，你可以使用 `nodetool` 命令来检查 Cassandra 集群的状态。为此，请使用 `kubectl exec` 命令，这样你就能在一个 Cassandra pod 上运行 `nodetool`。同样的，请替换 `cassandra-xxxxx` 为任意一个 pods的真实名字。
|
||||
|
||||
```console
|
||||
|
||||
$ kubectl exec -ti cassandra-xxxxx -- nodetool status
|
||||
Datacenter: datacenter1
|
||||
=======================
|
||||
Status=Up/Down
|
||||
|/ State=Normal/Leaving/Joining/Moving
|
||||
-- Address Load Tokens Owns (effective) Host ID Rack
|
||||
UN 10.244.0.5 74.09 KB 256 100.0% 86feda0f-f070-4a5b-bda1-2eeb0ad08b77 rack1
|
||||
UN 10.244.3.3 51.28 KB 256 100.0% dafe3154-1d67-42e1-ac1d-78e7e80dce2b rack1
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 步骤6：Cassandra集群扩容
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
现在，让我们把 Cassandra 集群扩展到4个 pods。我们通过告诉 Replication Controller 现在我们需要4个副本来完成。
|
||||
|
||||
```sh
|
||||
|
||||
$ kubectl scale rc cassandra --replicas=4
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
你可以看到列出了新的 pods：
|
||||
|
||||
```console
|
||||
|
||||
$ kubectl get pods -l="app=cassandra" -o wide
|
||||
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE NODE
|
||||
cassandra-21qyy 1/1 Running 0 6m kubernetes-minion-b286
|
||||
cassandra-81m2l 1/1 Running 0 47s kubernetes-minion-b286
|
||||
cassandra-8qoyp 1/1 Running 0 47s kubernetes-minion-9ye5
|
||||
cassandra-q6sz7 1/1 Running 0 6m kubernetes-minion-9ye5
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
一会儿你就能再次检查 Cassandra 集群的状态，你可以看到新的 pods 已经被自定义的 `SeedProvider` 检测到：
|
||||
|
||||
```console
|
||||
|
||||
$ kubectl exec -ti cassandra-xxxxx -- nodetool status
|
||||
Datacenter: datacenter1
|
||||
=======================
|
||||
Status=Up/Down
|
||||
|/ State=Normal/Leaving/Joining/Moving
|
||||
-- Address Load Tokens Owns (effective) Host ID Rack
|
||||
UN 10.244.0.6 51.67 KB 256 48.9% d07b23a5-56a1-4b0b-952d-68ab95869163 rack1
|
||||
UN 10.244.1.5 84.71 KB 256 50.7% e060df1f-faa2-470c-923d-ca049b0f3f38 rack1
|
||||
UN 10.244.1.6 84.71 KB 256 47.0% 83ca1580-4f3c-4ec5-9b38-75036b7a297f rack1
|
||||
UN 10.244.0.5 68.2 KB 256 53.4% 72ca27e2-c72c-402a-9313-1e4b61c2f839 rack1
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 步骤7：删除 Replication Controller
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在你开始步骤5之前， __删除__你在上面创建的 __replication controller__。
|
||||
|
||||
```sh
|
||||
|
||||
$ kubectl delete rc cassandra
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 步骤8：使用 DaemonSet 替换 Replication Controller
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在 Kubernetes中，[_Daemon Set_](/docs/admin/daemons) 能够将 pods 一对一的分布到 Kubernetes 节点上。和 _ReplicationController_ 相同的是它也有一个用于识别它的集合成员的 selector query。但和 _ReplicationController_ 不同的是，它拥有一个节点 selector，用于限制基于模板的 pods 可以调度的节点。并且 pod 的复制不是基于一个设置的数量，而是为每一个节点分配一个 pod。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
示范用例：当部署到云平台时，预期情况是实例是短暂的并且随时可能终止。Cassandra 被搭建成为在各个节点间复制数据以便于实现数据冗余。这样的话，即使一个实例终止了，存储在它上面的数据却没有，并且集群会通过重新复制数据到其它运行节点来作为响应。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
`DaemonSet` 设计为在 Kubernetes 集群中的每个节点上放置一个 pod。那样就会给我们带来数据冗余度。让我们创建一个 DaemonSet 来启动我们的存储集群：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
|
||||
kind: DaemonSet
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
name: cassandra
|
||||
name: cassandra
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
template:
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
app: cassandra
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
# Filter to specific nodes:
|
||||
# nodeSelector:
|
||||
# app: cassandra
|
||||
containers:
|
||||
- command:
|
||||
- /run.sh
|
||||
env:
|
||||
- name: MAX_HEAP_SIZE
|
||||
value: 512M
|
||||
- name: HEAP_NEWSIZE
|
||||
value: 100M
|
||||
- name: CASSANDRA_SEED_PROVIDER
|
||||
value: "io.k8s.cassandra.KubernetesSeedProvider"
|
||||
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
|
||||
valueFrom:
|
||||
fieldRef:
|
||||
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
|
||||
- name: POD_IP
|
||||
valueFrom:
|
||||
fieldRef:
|
||||
fieldPath: status.podIP
|
||||
image: gcr.io/google-samples/cassandra:v12
|
||||
name: cassandra
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- containerPort: 7000
|
||||
name: intra-node
|
||||
- containerPort: 7001
|
||||
name: tls-intra-node
|
||||
- containerPort: 7199
|
||||
name: jmx
|
||||
- containerPort: 9042
|
||||
name: cql
|
||||
# If you need it it is going away in C* 4.0
|
||||
#- containerPort: 9160
|
||||
# name: thrift
|
||||
resources:
|
||||
requests:
|
||||
cpu: 0.5
|
||||
volumeMounts:
|
||||
- mountPath: /cassandra_data
|
||||
name: data
|
||||
volumes:
|
||||
- name: data
|
||||
emptyDir: {}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[下载示例](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/examples/master/cassandra-daemonset.yaml)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
这个 DaemonSet 绝大部分的定义和上面的 ReplicationController 完全相同；它只是简单的给 daemon set 一个创建新的 Cassandra pods 的方法，并且以集群中所有的 Cassandra 节点为目标。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
不同之处在于 `nodeSelector` 属性，它允许 DaemonSet 以全部节点的一个子集为目标（你可以向其他资源一样标记节点），并且没有 `replicas` 属性，因为它使用1对1的 node-pod 关系。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
创建这个 DaemonSet：
|
||||
|
||||
```console
|
||||
|
||||
$ kubectl create -f cassandra/cassandra-daemonset.yaml
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
你可能需要禁用配置文件检查，像这样：
|
||||
|
||||
```console
|
||||
|
||||
$ kubectl create -f cassandra/cassandra-daemonset.yaml --validate=false
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
你可以看到 DaemonSet 已经在运行：
|
||||
|
||||
```console
|
||||
|
||||
$ kubectl get daemonset
|
||||
NAME DESIRED CURRENT NODE-SELECTOR
|
||||
cassandra 3 3 <none>
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
现在，如果你列出集群中的 pods，并且使用 `app=cassandra` 标签过滤，你应该能够看到你的网络中的每一个节点上都有一个（且只有一个）新的 cassandra pod。
|
||||
|
||||
```console
|
||||
|
||||
$ kubectl get pods -l="app=cassandra" -o wide
|
||||
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE NODE
|
||||
cassandra-ico4r 1/1 Running 0 4s kubernetes-minion-rpo1
|
||||
cassandra-kitfh 1/1 Running 0 1s kubernetes-minion-9ye5
|
||||
cassandra-tzw89 1/1 Running 0 2s kubernetes-minion-b286
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
为了证明这是按设想的在工作，你可以再次使用 `nodetool` 命令来检查集群的状态。为此，请使用 `kubectl exec` 命令在任何一个新建的 cassandra pods 上运行 `nodetool`。
|
||||
|
||||
```console
|
||||
|
||||
$ kubectl exec -ti cassandra-xxxxx -- nodetool status
|
||||
Datacenter: datacenter1
|
||||
=======================
|
||||
Status=Up/Down
|
||||
|/ State=Normal/Leaving/Joining/Moving
|
||||
-- Address Load Tokens Owns (effective) Host ID Rack
|
||||
UN 10.244.0.5 74.09 KB 256 100.0% 86feda0f-f070-4a5b-bda1-2eeb0ad08b77 rack1
|
||||
UN 10.244.4.2 32.45 KB 256 100.0% 0b1be71a-6ffb-4895-ac3e-b9791299c141 rack1
|
||||
UN 10.244.3.3 51.28 KB 256 100.0% dafe3154-1d67-42e1-ac1d-78e7e80dce2b rack1
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**注意**：这个示例让你在创建 DaemonSet 前删除了 cassandra的Replication Controller。这是因为为了保持示例的简单，RC 和 DaemonSet 使用了相同的 `app=cassandra` 标签（如此它们的 pods 映射到了我们创建的 service，这样 SeedProvider 就能识别它们）。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
如果我们没有预先删除 RC，这两个资源在需要运行多少 pods 上将会发生冲突。如果希望的话，我们可以使用额外的标签和 selectors 来支持同时运行它们。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 步骤9：资源清理
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
当你准备删除你的资源时，按以下执行：
|
||||
|
||||
```console
|
||||
|
||||
$ kubectl delete service -l app=cassandra
|
||||
$ kubectl delete daemonset cassandra
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 自定义 Seed Provider
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
我们使用了一个自定义的 [`SeedProvider`](https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/cassandra/trunk/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/locator/SeedProvider.java) 来在 Kubernetes 之上运行 Cassandra。仅当你通过 replication control 或者 daemonset 部署 Cassandra 时才需要使用自定义的 seed provider。在 Cassandra 中，`SeedProvider` 引导 Cassandra 使用 gossip 协议来查找其它 Cassandra 节点。Seed 地址是被视为连接端点的主机。Cassandra 实例使用 seed 列表来查找彼此并学习 ring环拓扑。[`KubernetesSeedProvider`](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/examples/storage/cassandra/java/src/main/java/io/k8s/cassandra/KubernetesSeedProvider.java) 通过 Kubernetes API 发现 Cassandra seeds IP 地址，那些 Cassandra 实例在 Cassandra Service 中定义。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
请查阅自定义 seed provider 的 [README](https://git.k8s.io/examples/cassandra/java/README.md) 文档，获取 `KubernetesSeedProvider` 进阶配置。对于本示例来说，你应该不需要自定义 Seed Provider 的配置。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
查看本示例的 [image](https://github.com/kubernetes/examples/tree/master/cassandra/image) 目录，了解如何构建容器的 docker 镜像及其内容。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
你可能还注意到我们设置了一些 Cassandra 参数（`MAX_HEAP_SIZE`和`HEAP_NEWSIZE`），并且增加了关于 [namespace](/docs/user-guide/namespaces) 的信息。我们还告诉 Kubernetes 容器暴露了 `CQL` 和 `Thrift` API 端口。最后，我们告诉集群管理器我们需要 0.1 cpu（0.1 核）。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[!Analytics](https://kubernetes-site.appspot.com/UA-36037335-10/GitHub/cassandra/README.md?pixel)]()
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,328 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
title: "基于 Persistent Volumes 搭建 WordPress 和 MySQL 应用"
|
||||
assignees:
|
||||
- ahmetb
|
||||
- jeffmendoza
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
本示例描述了如何在 Kubeernetes 上持久化安装 [WordPress](https://wordpress.org/) 和
|
||||
[MySQL](https://www.mysql.com/) 。在这个安装里我们将使用官方的 [mysql](https://registry.hub.docker.com/_/mysql/) 和
|
||||
[wordpress](https://registry.hub.docker.com/_/wordpress/) 镜像（WordPress 镜像包含一个 Apache 服务）。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
展示的 Kubernetes 概念：
|
||||
|
||||
* [Persistent Volumes](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/storage/persistent-volumes/) 定义持久化磁盘（磁盘生命周期不和 Pods 绑定）。
|
||||
* [Services](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/) 使得 Pods 能够找到其它 Pods。
|
||||
* [External Load Balancers](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#type-loadbalancer) 对外暴露 Services。
|
||||
* [Deployments](http://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/deployments/) 确保 Pods 持续运行。
|
||||
* [Secrets](http://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/secrets/) 保存敏感密码信息。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 快速入门
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在一个名为 `password.txt` 的文件中放置你期望的 MySQL 密码，结尾不要有空行。如果你的编辑器添加了一个空行，开始的 `tr` 命令将会删除它。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**请注意：**如果你的集群强制启用 **_selinux_** 特性并且你将使用 [Host Path](#host-path) 作为存储，请遵照这个[额外步骤](#selinux)。
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
tr --delete '\n' <password.txt >.strippedpassword.txt && mv .strippedpassword.txt password.txt
|
||||
kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/examples/master/mysql-wordpress-pd/local-volumes.yaml
|
||||
kubectl create secret generic mysql-pass --from-file=password.txt
|
||||
kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/examples/master/mysql-wordpress-pd/mysql-deployment.yaml
|
||||
kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/examples/master/mysql-wordpress-pd/wordpress-deployment.yaml
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 目录
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[在 Kubernetes 上持久化安装 MySQL 和 WordPress](#persistent-installation-of-mysql-and-wordpress-on-kubernetes)
|
||||
- [快速入门](#quickstart)
|
||||
- [目录](#table-of-contents)
|
||||
- [集群要求](#cluster-requirements)
|
||||
- [决定在哪里存储你的数据](#decide-where-you-will-store-your-data)
|
||||
- [Host Path](#host-path)
|
||||
- [SELinux](#selinux)
|
||||
- [GCE Persistent Disk](#gce-persistent-disk)
|
||||
- [创建 MySQL 密码 secret](#create-the-mysql-password-secret)
|
||||
- [部署 MySQL](#deploy-mysql)
|
||||
- [部署 WordPress](#deploy-wordpress)
|
||||
- [访问你的新 WordPress 博客](#visit-your-new-wordpress-blog)
|
||||
- [删除并重启你的博客](#take-down-and-restart-your-blog)
|
||||
- [接下来的步骤](#next-steps)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 集群要求
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Kubernetes本质是模块化的，可以在各种环境中运行。但并不是所有集群都相同。此处是本示例的一些要求：
|
||||
* 需要 1.2 版本以上的 Kubernetes，以使用更新的特性，例如 PV Claims 和 Deployments。运行 `kubectl version` 来查看你的集群版本。
|
||||
* [Cluster DNS](https://github.com/kubernetes/dns) 将被用于服务发现。
|
||||
* 一个 [external load balancer](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#type-loadbalancer) 将被用于接入 WordPress。
|
||||
* 使用了 [Persistent Volume Claims](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/storage/persistent-volumes/#persistentvolumeclaims)。你必须创建集群中需要的 Persistent Volumes。本示例将展示两种类型的 volume 的创建方法，但是任何类型的 volume 都是足够使用的。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
查阅 [Getting Started Guide](http://kubernetes.io/docs/getting-started-guides/)，搭建一个集群并安装 [kubectl](http://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/prereqs/) 命令行工具。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 决定在哪里存储你的数据
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
MySQL 和 WordPress 各自使用一个 [Persistent Volume](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/storage/persistent-volumes/) 来存储自己的数据。我们将使用一个 Persistent Volume Claim 来取得一个可用的持久化存储。本示例覆盖了 HostPath 和
|
||||
GCEPersistentDisk 卷类型。你可以从两者中选择一个，或者查看 [Persistent Volumes的类型](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/storage/persistent-volumes/#types-of-persistent-volumes)。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Host Path
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Host paths 是映射到主机上目录的卷。**这种类型应该只用于测试目的或者单节点集群**。如果 pod 在一个新的节点上重建，数据将不会在节点之间移动。如果 pod 被删除并在一个新的节点上重建，数据将会丢失。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
##### SELinux
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在支持 selinux 的系统上，保持它为 enabled/enforcing 是最佳选择。然而，docker 容器使用 "_svirt_sandbox_file_t_" 标签类型挂载 host path，这和默认的 /tmp ("_tmp_t_") 标签类型不兼容。在 mysql 容器试图对 _/var/lib/mysql_ 执行 `chown` 时将导致权限错误。
|
||||
因此，要在一个启用 selinx 的系统上使用 host path，你应该预先创建 host path 路径（/tmp/data/）并将它的 selinux 标签类型改变为 "_svirt_sandbox_file_t_"，就像下面一样：
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
## on every node:
|
||||
mkdir -p /tmp/data
|
||||
chmod a+rwt /tmp/data # match /tmp permissions
|
||||
chcon -Rt svirt_sandbox_file_t /tmp/data
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
继续进行 host path 配置，在 Kubernetes 中使用 [local-volumes.yaml](https://git.k8s.io/examples/mysql-wordpress-pd/local-volumes.yaml) 创建 persistent volume 对象：
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
export KUBE_REPO=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/examples/master
|
||||
kubectl create -f $KUBE_REPO/mysql-wordpress-pd/local-volumes.yaml
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### GCE Persistent Disk
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
如果在 [Google Compute Engine](http://kubernetes.io/docs/getting-started-guides/gce/) 上运行集群，你可以使用这个存储选项。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
创建两个永久磁盘。你需要在和 Kubernetes 集群相同的 [GCE zone](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/zones) 中创建这些磁盘。默认的安装脚本将在 `us-central1-b` zone 中创建集群，就像你在 [config-default.sh](https://git.k8s.io/kubernetes/cluster/gce/config-default.sh) 文件中看到的。替换下面的 `<zone>` 为合适的 zone。`wordpress-1` 和 `wordpress-2` 的名字必须和 [gce-volumes.yaml](https://git.k8s.io/examples/mysql-wordpress-pd/gce-volumes.yaml) 指定的 `pdName` 字段匹配。
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
gcloud compute disks create --size=20GB --zone=<zone> wordpress-1
|
||||
gcloud compute disks create --size=20GB --zone=<zone> wordpress-2
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在 Kubernetes 为这些磁盘创建 persistent volume 对象：
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
export KUBE_REPO=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/examples/master
|
||||
kubectl create -f $KUBE_REPO/mysql-wordpress-pd/gce-volumes.yaml
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 创建 MySQL 密码 Secret
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
使用一个 [Secret](http://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/secrets/) 对象存储 MySQL 密码。首先，创建一个名为 `password.txt` 的文件(和 wordpress 示例文件在相同的文件夹)，并且将你的密码保存于其中。请确保密码文件的结尾没有空行。如果你的编辑器添加了一个，开始的 `tr` 命令将会删除这个空行。然后，创建这个 Secret 对象。
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
tr --delete '\n' <password.txt >.strippedpassword.txt && mv .strippedpassword.txt password.txt
|
||||
kubectl create secret generic mysql-pass --from-file=password.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
MySQL 和 WordPress pod 配置引用了这个 secret，所以这些 pods 就可以访问它。MySQL pod 会设置数据库密码，并且 WordPress 将使用这个密码来访问数据库。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 部署 MySQL
|
||||
|
||||
<--
|
||||
Now that the persistent disks and secrets are defined, the Kubernetes
|
||||
pods can be launched. Start MySQL using
|
||||
[mysql-deployment.yaml](https://git.k8s.io/examples/mysql-wordpress-pd/mysql-deployment.yaml).
|
||||
-->
|
||||
现在我们已经定义了永久磁盘和 secrets，可以启动 Kubernetes pods 了。使用 [mysql-deployment.yaml](https://git.k8s.io/examples/mysql-wordpress-pd/mysql-deployment.yaml) 启动 MySQL。
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
kubectl create -f $KUBE_REPO/mysql-wordpress-pd/mysql-deployment.yaml
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
查看 [mysql-deployment.yaml](https://git.k8s.io/examples/mysql-wordpress-pd/mysql-deployment.yaml)，注意到我们定义了一个挂载到 `/var/lib/mysql` 的卷，然后创建了一个请求 20G 卷的 Persistent Volume Claim。这个要求可以被任何符合这个要求的卷满足，在我们的例子中，可以是上面创建的卷中的一个。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
再看一下 `env` 一节，我们引用上面创建的 `mysql-pass` secret 来指定密码。Secrets 可以有多组键值对。我们的只有一个键 `password.txt`，它是我们用来创建 secret 的文件名。[MySQL镜像](https://hub.docker.com/_/mysql/) 使用 `MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD` 环境变量设置数据库密码。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在很短的时间内，新建的 pod 将达到 `Running` 状态。列出所有的 pods，查看新建的 pod 的状态。
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
kubectl get pods
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
|
||||
wordpress-mysql-cqcf4-9q8lo 1/1 Running 0 1m
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Kubernetes 记录每个 pod 的 stderr 和 stdout。使用 `kubectl log` 查看一个 pod 的日志。从 `get pods` 复制 pod 名字，然后：
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
kubectl logs <pod-name>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
...
|
||||
2016-02-19 16:58:05 1 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
|
||||
2016-02-19 16:58:05 1 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
|
||||
2016-02-19 16:58:05 1 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.29 started; log sequence number 1626007
|
||||
2016-02-19 16:58:05 1 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '*'; port: 3306
|
||||
2016-02-19 16:58:05 1 [Note] IPv6 is available.
|
||||
2016-02-19 16:58:05 1 [Note] - '::' resolves to '::';
|
||||
2016-02-19 16:58:05 1 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '::'.
|
||||
2016-02-19 16:58:05 1 [Warning] 'proxies_priv' entry '@ root@wordpress-mysql-cqcf4-9q8lo' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
|
||||
2016-02-19 16:58:05 1 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events
|
||||
2016-02-19 16:58:05 1 [Note] mysqld: ready for connections.
|
||||
Version: '5.6.29' socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' port: 3306 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
我们还需要在 [mysql-deployment.yaml](https://git.k8s.io/examples/mysql-wordpress-pd/mysql-deployment.yaml) 中创建一个 service 以允许其它 pods 访问这个 mysql 示例。`wordpress-mysql` 名称被解析为这个 pod 的 IP。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
到此为止，我们创建了一个 Deployment，一个 Pod，一个 PVC，一个 Service，一个 Endpoint，两个 PV 和一个 Secret，显示如下：
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
kubectl get deployment,pod,svc,endpoints,pvc -l app=wordpress -o wide && \
|
||||
kubectl get secret mysql-pass && \
|
||||
kubectl get pv
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
|
||||
deploy/wordpress-mysql 1 1 1 1 3m
|
||||
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE
|
||||
po/wordpress-mysql-3040864217-40soc 1/1 Running 0 3m 172.17.0.2 127.0.0.1
|
||||
NAME CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE SELECTOR
|
||||
svc/wordpress-mysql None <none> 3306/TCP 3m app=wordpress,tier=mysql
|
||||
NAME ENDPOINTS AGE
|
||||
ep/wordpress-mysql 172.17.0.2:3306 3m
|
||||
NAME STATUS VOLUME CAPACITY ACCESSMODES AGE
|
||||
pvc/mysql-pv-claim Bound local-pv-2 20Gi RWO 3m
|
||||
NAME TYPE DATA AGE
|
||||
mysql-pass Opaque 1 3m
|
||||
NAME CAPACITY ACCESSMODES STATUS CLAIM REASON AGE
|
||||
local-pv-1 20Gi RWO Available 3m
|
||||
local-pv-2 20Gi RWO Bound default/mysql-pv-claim 3m
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 部署 WordPress
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
接下来使用 [wordpress-deployment.yaml](https://git.k8s.io/examples/mysql-wordpress-pd/wordpress-deployment.yaml) 部署 WordPress：
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
kubectl create -f $KUBE_REPO/mysql-wordpress-pd/wordpress-deployment.yaml
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
我们在这里使用了许多相同的特性，比如对 persistent storage 的 volume claim 和 password 的 secret。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[WordPress 镜像](https://hub.docker.com/_/wordpress/) 通过环境变量 `WORDPRESS_DB_HOST` 接收数据库的主机名。我们将这个环境变量值设置为我们创建的 MySQL
|
||||
service 的名字：`wordpress-mysql`。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
WordPress service 具有 `type: LoadBalancer` 的设置。这将 wordpress service 置于一个外部 IP 之下。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
找到你的 WordPress service 的外部 IP 地址。**为这个 service 分配一个外部 IP 地址可能会耗时一分钟左右，这取决于你的集群环境。**
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
kubectl get services wordpress
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
NAME CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
|
||||
wordpress 10.0.0.5 1.2.3.4 80/TCP 19h
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 访问你的新 WordPress 博客
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
现在，我们可以访问这个运行的 WordPress 应用。请使用你上面获取的 service 的外部 IP 地址。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
http://<external-ip>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
你应该可以看到熟悉的 WordPress 初始页面。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
> 警告：不要在这个页面上留下你的 WordPress 设置。如果被其他用户发现，他们可能在你的实例上创建一个网站并用它来为可能有害的内容提供服务。你应该继续创建用户名密码之后的安装过程，删除你的实例，或者建立一个防火墙来限制接入。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 删除并重启你的博客
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
建立你的 WordPress 博客并简单使用一下。然后删除它的 pods 并再次启动它们。由于使用了永久磁盘，你的博客的状态将被保留。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
所有的资源都被标记为 `app=wordpress`，你可以使用 label selector 轻松的删除它们：
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
kubectl delete deployment,service -l app=wordpress
|
||||
kubectl delete secret mysql-pass
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
稍后使用原来的命令重建资源，这将会选择包含原来的完整数据的磁盘。由于我们没有删除 PV Claims，在删除我们的 pods 后，集群中没有任何一个 pod 能够 claim 它们。保留 PV Claims 也保证了重建 Pods 不会导致 PD 切换 Pods。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
如果你已经准备好了释放你的永久磁盘及其上的数据，请运行：
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
kubectl delete pvc -l app=wordpress
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
And then delete the volume objects themselves:
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
kubectl delete pv local-pv-1 local-pv-2
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
或者
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
kubectl delete pv wordpress-pv-1 wordpress-pv-2
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 接下来的步骤
|
||||
|
||||
* [Introspection and Debugging](http://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/introspection-and-debugging/)
|
||||
* [Jobs](http://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/jobs/) may be useful to run SQL queries.
|
||||
* [Exec](http://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/getting-into-containers/)
|
||||
* [Port Forwarding](http://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward/)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[]()
|
||||
|
||||
+27
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
|
||||
apiVersion: v1
|
||||
kind: PersistentVolume
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: local-pv-1
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
type: local
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
capacity:
|
||||
storage: 20Gi
|
||||
accessModes:
|
||||
- ReadWriteOnce
|
||||
hostPath:
|
||||
path: /tmp/data/pv-1
|
||||
---
|
||||
apiVersion: v1
|
||||
kind: PersistentVolume
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: local-pv-2
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
type: local
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
capacity:
|
||||
storage: 20Gi
|
||||
accessModes:
|
||||
- ReadWriteOnce
|
||||
hostPath:
|
||||
path: /tmp/data/pv-2
|
||||
+61
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
|
||||
apiVersion: v1
|
||||
kind: Service
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: wordpress-mysql
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
app: wordpress
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- port: 3306
|
||||
selector:
|
||||
app: wordpress
|
||||
tier: mysql
|
||||
clusterIP: None
|
||||
---
|
||||
apiVersion: v1
|
||||
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: mysql-pv-claim
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
app: wordpress
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
accessModes:
|
||||
- ReadWriteOnce
|
||||
resources:
|
||||
requests:
|
||||
storage: 20Gi
|
||||
---
|
||||
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
|
||||
kind: Deployment
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: wordpress-mysql
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
app: wordpress
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
strategy:
|
||||
type: Recreate
|
||||
template:
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
app: wordpress
|
||||
tier: mysql
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
containers:
|
||||
- image: mysql:5.6
|
||||
name: mysql
|
||||
env:
|
||||
- name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
|
||||
valueFrom:
|
||||
secretKeyRef:
|
||||
name: mysql-pass
|
||||
key: password
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- containerPort: 3306
|
||||
name: mysql
|
||||
volumeMounts:
|
||||
- name: mysql-persistent-storage
|
||||
mountPath: /var/lib/mysql
|
||||
volumes:
|
||||
- name: mysql-persistent-storage
|
||||
persistentVolumeClaim:
|
||||
claimName: mysql-pv-claim
|
||||
+63
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
|
||||
apiVersion: v1
|
||||
kind: Service
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: wordpress
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
app: wordpress
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- port: 80
|
||||
selector:
|
||||
app: wordpress
|
||||
tier: frontend
|
||||
type: LoadBalancer
|
||||
---
|
||||
apiVersion: v1
|
||||
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: wp-pv-claim
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
app: wordpress
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
accessModes:
|
||||
- ReadWriteOnce
|
||||
resources:
|
||||
requests:
|
||||
storage: 20Gi
|
||||
---
|
||||
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
|
||||
kind: Deployment
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: wordpress
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
app: wordpress
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
strategy:
|
||||
type: Recreate
|
||||
template:
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
app: wordpress
|
||||
tier: frontend
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
containers:
|
||||
- image: wordpress:4.8-apache
|
||||
name: wordpress
|
||||
env:
|
||||
- name: WORDPRESS_DB_HOST
|
||||
value: wordpress-mysql
|
||||
- name: WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD
|
||||
valueFrom:
|
||||
secretKeyRef:
|
||||
name: mysql-pass
|
||||
key: password
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- containerPort: 80
|
||||
name: wordpress
|
||||
volumeMounts:
|
||||
- name: wordpress-persistent-storage
|
||||
mountPath: /var/www/html
|
||||
volumes:
|
||||
- name: wordpress-persistent-storage
|
||||
persistentVolumeClaim:
|
||||
claimName: wp-pv-claim
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
apiVersion: v1
|
||||
kind: Service
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: nginx
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
app: nginx
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- port: 80
|
||||
name: web
|
||||
clusterIP: None
|
||||
selector:
|
||||
app: nginx
|
||||
---
|
||||
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
|
||||
kind: StatefulSet
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: web
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
serviceName: "nginx"
|
||||
replicas: 2
|
||||
template:
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
app: nginx
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
containers:
|
||||
- name: nginx
|
||||
image: gcr.io/google_containers/nginx-slim:0.8
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- containerPort: 80
|
||||
name: web
|
||||
volumeMounts:
|
||||
- name: www
|
||||
mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
|
||||
volumeClaimTemplates:
|
||||
- metadata:
|
||||
name: www
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
|
||||
resources:
|
||||
requests:
|
||||
storage: 1Gi
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
apiVersion: v1
|
||||
kind: Service
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: nginx
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
app: nginx
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- port: 80
|
||||
name: web
|
||||
clusterIP: None
|
||||
selector:
|
||||
app: nginx
|
||||
---
|
||||
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
|
||||
kind: StatefulSet
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: web
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
serviceName: "nginx"
|
||||
podManagementPolicy: "Parallel"
|
||||
replicas: 2
|
||||
template:
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
app: nginx
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
containers:
|
||||
- name: nginx
|
||||
image: gcr.io/google_containers/nginx-slim:0.8
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- containerPort: 80
|
||||
name: web
|
||||
volumeMounts:
|
||||
- name: www
|
||||
mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
|
||||
volumeClaimTemplates:
|
||||
- metadata:
|
||||
name: www
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
|
||||
resources:
|
||||
requests:
|
||||
storage: 1Gi
|
||||
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load Diff
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
|
||||
apiVersion: v1
|
||||
kind: Service
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: zk-headless
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
app: zk-headless
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- port: 2888
|
||||
name: server
|
||||
- port: 3888
|
||||
name: leader-election
|
||||
clusterIP: None
|
||||
selector:
|
||||
app: zk
|
||||
---
|
||||
apiVersion: v1
|
||||
kind: ConfigMap
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: zk-config
|
||||
data:
|
||||
ensemble: "zk-0;zk-1;zk-2"
|
||||
jvm.heap: "2G"
|
||||
tick: "2000"
|
||||
init: "10"
|
||||
sync: "5"
|
||||
client.cnxns: "60"
|
||||
snap.retain: "3"
|
||||
purge.interval: "1"
|
||||
---
|
||||
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
|
||||
kind: PodDisruptionBudget
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: zk-budget
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
selector:
|
||||
matchLabels:
|
||||
app: zk
|
||||
minAvailable: 2
|
||||
---
|
||||
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
|
||||
kind: StatefulSet
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: zk
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
serviceName: zk-headless
|
||||
replicas: 3
|
||||
template:
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
app: zk
|
||||
annotations:
|
||||
pod.alpha.kubernetes.io/initialized: "true"
|
||||
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
affinity:
|
||||
podAntiAffinity:
|
||||
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
|
||||
- labelSelector:
|
||||
matchExpressions:
|
||||
- key: "app"
|
||||
operator: In
|
||||
values:
|
||||
- zk-headless
|
||||
topologyKey: "kubernetes.io/hostname"
|
||||
containers:
|
||||
- name: k8szk
|
||||
imagePullPolicy: Always
|
||||
image: gcr.io/google_samples/k8szk:v1
|
||||
resources:
|
||||
requests:
|
||||
memory: "4Gi"
|
||||
cpu: "1"
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- containerPort: 2181
|
||||
name: client
|
||||
- containerPort: 2888
|
||||
name: server
|
||||
- containerPort: 3888
|
||||
name: leader-election
|
||||
env:
|
||||
- name : ZK_ENSEMBLE
|
||||
valueFrom:
|
||||
configMapKeyRef:
|
||||
name: zk-config
|
||||
key: ensemble
|
||||
- name : ZK_HEAP_SIZE
|
||||
valueFrom:
|
||||
configMapKeyRef:
|
||||
name: zk-config
|
||||
key: jvm.heap
|
||||
- name : ZK_TICK_TIME
|
||||
valueFrom:
|
||||
configMapKeyRef:
|
||||
name: zk-config
|
||||
key: tick
|
||||
- name : ZK_INIT_LIMIT
|
||||
valueFrom:
|
||||
configMapKeyRef:
|
||||
name: zk-config
|
||||
key: init
|
||||
- name : ZK_SYNC_LIMIT
|
||||
valueFrom:
|
||||
configMapKeyRef:
|
||||
name: zk-config
|
||||
key: tick
|
||||
- name : ZK_MAX_CLIENT_CNXNS
|
||||
valueFrom:
|
||||
configMapKeyRef:
|
||||
name: zk-config
|
||||
key: client.cnxns
|
||||
- name: ZK_SNAP_RETAIN_COUNT
|
||||
valueFrom:
|
||||
configMapKeyRef:
|
||||
name: zk-config
|
||||
key: snap.retain
|
||||
- name: ZK_PURGE_INTERVAL
|
||||
valueFrom:
|
||||
configMapKeyRef:
|
||||
name: zk-config
|
||||
key: purge.interval
|
||||
- name: ZK_CLIENT_PORT
|
||||
value: "2181"
|
||||
- name: ZK_SERVER_PORT
|
||||
value: "2888"
|
||||
- name: ZK_ELECTION_PORT
|
||||
value: "3888"
|
||||
command:
|
||||
- sh
|
||||
- -c
|
||||
- zkGenConfig.sh && zkServer.sh start-foreground
|
||||
readinessProbe:
|
||||
exec:
|
||||
command:
|
||||
- "zkOk.sh"
|
||||
initialDelaySeconds: 15
|
||||
timeoutSeconds: 5
|
||||
livenessProbe:
|
||||
exec:
|
||||
command:
|
||||
- "zkOk.sh"
|
||||
initialDelaySeconds: 15
|
||||
timeoutSeconds: 5
|
||||
volumeMounts:
|
||||
- name: datadir
|
||||
mountPath: /var/lib/zookeeper
|
||||
securityContext:
|
||||
runAsUser: 1000
|
||||
fsGroup: 1000
|
||||
volumeClaimTemplates:
|
||||
- metadata:
|
||||
name: datadir
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
|
||||
resources:
|
||||
requests:
|
||||
storage: 20Gi
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user