whentimeslows/website
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull Requests Actions Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity

zh-trans content/en/docs/setup/certificates.md (#11566)

Browse Source 
* Create certificates.md

* Update certificates.md

* Update certificates.md

* Update certificates.md

* Update certificates.md

* Update certificates.md
This commit is contained in:
jiajie
2018-12-10 18:18:54 +08:00
committed by Kubernetes Prow Robot
parent 4961e19593
commit 435ccde66e
1 changed files with 285 additions and 0 deletions
Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files
content/zh/docs/setup/certificates.md
+285
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
---
title: PKI 证书和需求
content_template: templates/concept
---
<!--
---
title: PKI Certificates and Requirements
reviewers:
- sig-cluster-lifecycle
content_template: templates/concept
---
-->
{{% capture overview %}}
<!--
Kubernetes requires PKI certificates for authentication over TLS.
If you install Kubernetes with [kubeadm](/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm/), the certificates that your cluster requires are automatically generated.
You can also generate your own certificates -- for example, to keep your private keys more secure by not storing them on the API server.
This page explains the certificates that your cluster requires.
-->
Kubernetes 需要 PKI 证书才能通过 TLS 进行身份验证。如果使用 [kubeadm](/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm/) 安装 Kubernetes，集群所需的证书会被自动生成。
您还可以生成自己的证书——例如，通过不将私钥保存在 API 服务器上，来更安全地保护它们。。
此页面说明了集群所需的证书。
{{% /capture %}}
{{% capture body %}}
<!--
## How certificates are used by your cluster
-->
## 集群如何使用证书
<!--
Kubernetes requires PKI for the following operations:
-->
Kubernetes 在执行以下操作时需要相应的证书：
<!--
* Client certificates for the kubelet to authenticate to the API server
* Server certificate for the API server endpoint
* Client certificates for administrators of the cluster to authenticate to the API server
* Client certificates for the API server to talk to the kubelets
* Client certificate for the API server to talk to etcd
* Client certificate/kubeconfig for the controller manager to talk to the API server
* Client certificate/kubeconfig for the scheduler to talk to the API server.
* Client and server certificates for the [front-proxy][proxy]
-->
* 客户端证书，供 kubelet 访问 API 服务器时的身份验证使用
* API 服务器端点的服务器证书
* 客户端证书，供集群管理员访问 API 服务器时的身份验证之用
* API 服务器与 kubelet 通信所需的客户端证书
* API 服务器与 etcd 通信所需的客户端证书
* 客户端证书/kubeconfig，供控制器管理器与 API 服务器通信
* 客户端证书/kubeconfig，供调度器与 API 服务器通信。
* [front-proxy][proxy] 的客户端和服务器证书
{{< note >}}
<!--
`front-proxy` certificates are required only if you run kube-proxy to support [an extension API server](/docs/tasks/access-kubernetes-api/setup-extension-api-server/).
-->
仅在您使用 kube-proxy 来支持 [一个扩展 API 服务器](/docs/tasks/access-kubernetes-api/setup-extension-api-server/) 时才需要 `front-proxy` 证书。
{{< /note >}}
<!--
etcd also implements mutual TLS to authenticate clients and peers.
-->
etcd 还实现了双向 TLS 来验证客户端和对等端。
<!--
## Where certificates are stored
-->
## 证书在何处存储
<!--
If you install Kubernetes with kubeadm, certificates are stored in `/etc/kubernetes/pki`. All paths in this documentation are relative to that directory.
-->
如果使用 kubeadm 安装 Kubernetes，证书将存储在 `/etc/kubernetes/pki` 目录中。 本文档中的所有路径，都是与该目录的相对路径。
<!--
## Configure certificates manually
-->
## 手动配置证书
<!--
If you don't want kubeadm to generate the required certificates, you can create them in either of the following ways.
-->
如果您不希望 kubeadm 生成所需的证书，可以使用以下任一方法创建它们。
<!--
### Single root CA
-->
单个 root CA
<!--
You can create a single root CA, controlled by an administrator. This root CA can then create multiple intermediate CAs, and delegate all further creation to Kubernetes itself.
-->
您可以创建一个由管理员控制的单个 root CA。然后，此 root CA 可以创建多个中间 CA，并委托 Kubernetes 本身完成后续创建操作。
<!--
Required CAs:
| path | Default CN | description |
|------------------------|---------------------------|----------------------------------|
| ca.crt,key | kubernetes-ca | Kubernetes general CA |
| etcd/ca.crt,key | etcd-ca | For all etcd-related functions |
| front-proxy-ca.crt,key | kubernetes-front-proxy-ca | For the [front-end proxy][proxy] |
-->
所需 CA：
| 路径 | 默认 CN | 描述 |
|------------------------|---------------------------|----------------------------------|
| ca.crt,key | kubernetes-ca | Kubernetes 通用 CA |
| etcd/ca.crt,key | etcd-ca | 所有 etcd 相关操作 |
| front-proxy-ca.crt,key | kubernetes-front-proxy-ca | 供 [front-end proxy][proxy] 使用 |
<!--
### All certificates
-->
### 所有证书
<!--
If you don't wish to copy these private keys to your API servers, you can generate all certificates yourself.
-->
如果您不希望将这些私钥复制到 API 服务器，您可以自己生成所有证书。
<!--
Required certificates:
| Default CN | Parent CA | O (in Subject) | kind | hosts (SAN) |
|-------------------------------|---------------------------|----------------|----------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|
| kube-etcd | etcd-ca | | server, client [<sup>1</sup>][etcdbug] | `localhost`, `127.0.0.1` |
| kube-etcd-peer | etcd-ca | | server, client | `<hostname>`, `<Host_IP>`, `localhost`, `127.0.0.1` |
| kube-etcd-healthcheck-client | etcd-ca | | client | |
| kube-apiserver-etcd-client | etcd-ca | system:masters | client | |
| kube-apiserver | kubernetes-ca | | server | `<hostname>`, `<Host_IP>`, `<advertise_IP>`, `[1]` |
| kube-apiserver-kubelet-client | kubernetes-ca | system:masters | client | |
| front-proxy-client | kubernetes-front-proxy-ca | | client | |
-->
所需证书：
| 默认 CN | 父 CA | O (in Subject) | 种类 | 主机 (SAN) |
|-------------------------------|---------------------------|----------------|----------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------|
| kube-etcd | etcd-ca | | server, client [<sup>1</sup>][etcdbug] | `localhost`, `127.0.0.1` |
| kube-etcd-peer | etcd-ca | | server, client | `<hostname>`, `<Host_IP>`, `localhost`, `127.0.0.1` |
| kube-etcd-healthcheck-client | etcd-ca | | client | |
| kube-apiserver-etcd-client | etcd-ca | system:masters | client | |
| kube-apiserver | kubernetes-ca | | server | `<hostname>`, `<Host_IP>`, `<advertise_IP>`, `[1]` |
| kube-apiserver-kubelet-client | kubernetes-ca | system:masters | client | |
| front-proxy-client | kubernetes-front-proxy-ca | | client | |
[1]: `kubernetes`, `kubernetes.default`, `kubernetes.default.svc`, `kubernetes.default.svc.cluster`, `kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local`
<!--
where `kind` maps to one or more of the [x509 key usage][usage] types:
-->
`kind` 映射到一个或多个 [x509 key usage][usage] 类型上
<!--
| kind | Key usage |
|--------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| server | digital signature, key encipherment, server auth |
| client | digital signature, key encipherment, client auth |
-->
| 种类 | 密钥用途 |
|--------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| server | 数字签名，密钥加密，服务器鉴权 |
| client | 数字签名，密钥加密，客户端鉴权 |
<!--
### Certificate paths
-->
### 证书路径
<!--
Certificates should be placed in a recommended path (as used by [kubeadm][kubeadm]). Paths should be specified using the given argument regardless of location.
| Default CN | recommend key path | recommended cert path | command | key argument | cert argument |
|------------------------------|------------------------------|-----------------------------|----------------|------------------------------|-------------------------------------------|
| etcd-ca | | etcd/ca.crt | kube-apiserver | | --etcd-cafile |
| etcd-client | apiserver-etcd-client.crt | apiserver-etcd-client.crt | kube-apiserver | --etcd-certfile | --etcd-keyfile |
| kubernetes-ca | | ca.crt | kube-apiserver | --client-ca-file | |
| kube-apiserver | apiserver.crt | apiserver.key | kube-apiserver | --tls-cert-file | --tls-private-key |
| apiserver-kubelet-client | apiserver-kubelet-client.crt | | kube-apiserver | --kubelet-client-certificate | |
| front-proxy-client | front-proxy-client.key | front-proxy-client.crt | kube-apiserver | --proxy-client-cert-file | --proxy-client-key-file |
| | | | | | |
| etcd-ca | | etcd/ca.crt | etcd | | --trusted-ca-file, --peer-trusted-ca-file |
| kube-etcd | | etcd/server.crt | etcd | | --cert-file |
| kube-etcd-peer | etcd/peer.key | etcd/peer.crt | etcd | --peer-key-file | --peer-cert-file |
| etcd-ca | | etcd/ca.crt | etcdctl[2] | | --cacert |
| kube-etcd-healthcheck-client | etcd/healthcheck-client.key | etcd/healthcheck-client.crt | etcdctl[2] | --key | --cert |
-->
证书应放置在推荐路径 (类似 [kubeadm][kubeadm] 中指定的)。无论位置如何，都应使用给定的参数指定路径。
| 默认 CN | 建议密钥路径 | 建议 cert 路径 | 命令 | 密钥参数 | cert 参数 |
|------------------------------|------------------------------|-----------------------------|----------------|------------------------------|-------------------------------------------|
| etcd-ca | | etcd/ca.crt | kube-apiserver | | --etcd-cafile |
| etcd-client | apiserver-etcd-client.crt | apiserver-etcd-client.crt | kube-apiserver | --etcd-certfile | --etcd-keyfile |
| kubernetes-ca | | ca.crt | kube-apiserver | --client-ca-file | |
| kube-apiserver | apiserver.crt | apiserver.key | kube-apiserver | --tls-cert-file | --tls-private-key |
| apiserver-kubelet-client | apiserver-kubelet-client.crt | | kube-apiserver | --kubelet-client-certificate | |
| front-proxy-client | front-proxy-client.key | front-proxy-client.crt | kube-apiserver | --proxy-client-cert-file | --proxy-client-key-file |
| | | | | | |
| etcd-ca | | etcd/ca.crt | etcd | | --trusted-ca-file, --peer-trusted-ca-file |
| kube-etcd | | etcd/server.crt | etcd | | --cert-file |
| kube-etcd-peer | etcd/peer.key | etcd/peer.crt | etcd | --peer-key-file | --peer-cert-file |
| etcd-ca | | etcd/ca.crt | etcdctl[2] | | --cacert |
| kube-etcd-healthcheck-client | etcd/healthcheck-client.key | etcd/healthcheck-client.crt | etcdctl[2] | --key | --cert |
<!--
[2]: For a liveness probe, if self-hosted
-->
[2]: 对应自托管时的活跃度检测场景
<!--
## Configure certificates for user accounts
-->
## 为用户帐户配置证书
<!--
You must manually configure these administrator account and service accounts:
-->
您必须手动配置这些管理员帐户和服务帐户：
<!--
| filename | credential name | Default CN | O (in Subject) |
|-------------------------|----------------------------|--------------------------------|----------------|
| admin.conf | default-admin | kubernetes-admin | system:masters |
| kubelet.conf | default-auth | system:node:`<nodename>` | system:nodes |
| controller-manager.conf | default-controller-manager | system:kube-controller-manager | |
| scheduler.conf | default-manager | system:kube-scheduler | |
-->
| 文件名 | 凭据名 | 默认 | O (in Subject) |
|-------------------------|----------------------------|--------------------------------|----------------|
| admin.conf | default-admin | kubernetes-admin | system:masters |
| kubelet.conf | default-auth | system:node:`<nodename>` | system:nodes |
| controller-manager.conf | default-controller-manager | system:kube-controller-manager | |
| scheduler.conf | default-manager | system:kube-scheduler | |
<!--
1. For each config, generate an x509 cert/key pair with the given CN and O.
-->
1. 对于每个配置，使用给定的 CN 和 O 生成 x509 证书/密钥对。
<!--
1. Run `kubectl` as follows for each config:
-->
1. 对于每个配置按如下所示执行 `kubectl`：
```shell
KUBECONFIG=<filename> kubectl config set-cluster default-cluster --server=https://<host ip>:6443 --certificate-authority <path-to-kubernetes-ca> --embed-certs
KUBECONFIG=<filename> kubectl config set-credentials <credential-name> --client-key <path-to-key>.pem --client-certificate <path-to-cert>.pem --embed-certs
KUBECONFIG=<filename> kubectl config set-context default-system --cluster default-cluster --user <credential-name>
KUBECONFIG=<filename> kubectl config use-context default-system
```
<!--
These files are used as follows:
-->
这些文件用途如下：
<!--
| filename | command | comment |
|-------------------------|-------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
| admin.conf | kubectl | Configures administrator user for the cluster |
| kubelet.conf | kubelet | One required for each node in the cluster. |
| controller-manager.conf | kube-controller-manager | Must be added to manifest in `manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml` |
| scheduler.conf | kube-scheduler | Must be added to manifest in `manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml` |
-->
| 文件名 | 命令 | 描述 |
|-------------------------|-------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
| admin.conf | kubectl | 配置集群的管理员用户 |
| kubelet.conf | kubelet | 集群中的每个节点都需要一个。 |
| controller-manager.conf | kube-controller-manager | 必须添加到清单 `manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml` 中 |
| scheduler.conf | kube-scheduler | 必须添加到清单 `manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml` 中 |
<!--
[usage]: https://godoc.org/k8s.io/api/certificates/v1beta1#KeyUsage
-->
[usage]: https://godoc.org/k8s.io/api/certificates/v1beta1#KeyUsage
[kubeadm]: /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm/
[proxy]: /docs/tasks/access-kubernetes-api/configure-aggregation-layer/
{{% /capture %}}