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website/content/zh/docs/tasks/run-application/run-single-instance-stateful-application.md
Zach Corleissen abcee2dccd Update localization guidelines (#10485)
* Update localization guidelines for language labels

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Add local OWNERS folders

Add an OWNERS file to Chinese

Remove shortcode for repos

Add Japanese

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Feedback from gochist

Move Chinese content from cn/ to zh/

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add Jaguar project description (#10433)

* add Jaguar project description

[Jaguar](https://gitlab.com/sdnlab/jaguar) is an open source solution for Kubernetes's network based on OpenDaylight.
Jaguar provides overlay network using vxlan and Jaguar CNIPlugin provides one IP address per pod.

* Minor newline tweak

blog post for azure vmss (#10538)

Add microk8s to pick-right-solution.md (#10542)

* Add microk8s to pick-right-solution.md

Microk8s is a single-command installation of upstream Kubernetes on any Linux and should be included in the list of local-machine solutions.

* capitalized Istio

Add microk8s to foundational.md (#10543)

* Add microk8s to foundational.md

Adding microk8s as credible and stable alternative to get started with Kubernetes on a local machine. This is especially attractive for those not wanting to incur the overhead of running a VM for a local cluster.

* Update foundational.md

Thank you for your suggestions! LMK if this works now?

* Rewrote first paragraph

And included a bullet list of features of microk8s

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fix typo (#10545)

Fix the kubectl subcommands links. (#10550)

Signed-off-by: William Zhang <warmchang@outlook.com>

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networking.md: Markdown fix (#10498)

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update slack link (#10536)

typo in StatefulSet docs (#10558)

fix discription about horizontal pod autoscale (#10557)

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Fix issue #10520 (#10554)

Signed-off-by: William Zhang <warmchang@outlook.com>

Update api-concepts.md (#10534)

Revert "Fix command issue (#10515)"

This reverts commit c02a7fb9f9.

Update memory-constraint-namespace.md (#10530)

update memory request to 100MiB corresponding the yaml content

Blog: Introducing Volume Snapshot Alpha for Kubernetes (#10562)

* blog post for azure vmss

* snapshot blog post

Resolve merge conflicts in OWNERS*

Minor typo fix (#10567)

Not sure what's supposed to be here, proposing removing it.

* Feedback from gochist

Tweaks to feedback

* Feedback from ClaudiaJKang
2018-10-12 14:25:01 -07:00

7.6 KiB

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运行一个单实例有状态应用 templates/tutorial

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本文介绍在Kubernetes中使用PersistentVolume和Deployment如何运行一个单实例有状态应用. 该应用是MySQL.

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  • 在环境中通过磁盘创建一个PersistentVolume.
  • 创建一个MySQL Deployment.
  • 在集群内以一个已知的DNS名将MySQL暴露给其他pods.

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  • 为了数据持久性我们将在环境上通过磁盘创建一个持久卷. 环境支持的类型见这里here. 本篇文档将介绍 GCEPersistentDisk . GCEPersistentDisk卷只能工作在Google Compute Engine平台上.

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在环境中设置一个磁盘

你可以为有状态的应用使用任何类型的持久卷. 有关支持环境的磁盘列表,请参考持久卷类型Types of Persistent Volumes. 对于Google Compute Engine, 请运行:

gcloud compute disks create --size=20GB mysql-disk

接下来创建一个指向刚创建的 mysql-disk磁盘的PersistentVolume. 下面是一个PersistentVolume的配置文件,它指向上面创建的Compute Engine磁盘:

{{< code file="gce-volume.yaml" >}}

注意pdName: mysql-disk 这行与Compute Engine环境中的磁盘名称相匹配. 有关为其 他环境编写PersistentVolume配置文件的详细信息,请参见持久卷Persistent Volumes.

创建持久卷:

kubectl create -f https://k8s.io/docs/tasks/run-application/gce-volume.yaml

部署MySQL

通过创建Kubernetes Deployment并使用PersistentVolumeClaim将其连接到现已存在的PersistentVolume上来运行一个有状态的应用. 例如, 下面这个YAML文件描述了一个运行MySQL 并引用PersistentVolumeClaim的Deployment. 该文件定义了一个volume其挂载目录为/var/lib/mysql, 然后创建一个内存为20G的卷的PersistentVolumeClaim. 此申领可以通过任 何符合需求的卷来满足, 在本例中满足上面创建的卷.

注意: 在配置的yaml文件中定义密码的做法是不安全的. 具体安全解决方案请参考 Kubernetes Secrets.

{{< code file="mysql-deployment.yaml" >}}

  1. 部署YAML文件中定义的内容:

    kubectl create -f https://k8s.io/docs/tasks/run-application/mysql-deployment.yaml
    
  2. 展示Deployment相关信息:

    kubectl describe deployment mysql
    
     Name:                 mysql
     Namespace:            default
     CreationTimestamp:    Tue, 01 Nov 2016 11:18:45 -0700
     Labels:               app=mysql
     Annotations:          deployment.kubernetes.io/revision=1
     Selector:             app=mysql
     Replicas:             1 desired | 1 updated | 1 total | 0 available | 1 unavailable
     StrategyType:         Recreate
     MinReadySeconds:      0
     Pod Template:
       Labels:       app=mysql
       Containers:
        mysql:
         Image:      mysql:5.6
         Port:       3306/TCP
         Environment:
           MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD:      password
         Mounts:
           /var/lib/mysql from mysql-persistent-storage (rw)
       Volumes:
        mysql-persistent-storage:
         Type:       PersistentVolumeClaim (a reference to a PersistentVolumeClaim in the same namespace)
         ClaimName:  mysql-pv-claim
         ReadOnly:   false
     Conditions:
       Type          Status  Reason
       ----          ------  ------
       Available     False   MinimumReplicasUnavailable
       Progressing   True    ReplicaSetUpdated
     OldReplicaSets:       <none>
     NewReplicaSet:        mysql-63082529 (1/1 replicas created)
     Events:
       FirstSeen    LastSeen    Count    From                SubobjectPath    Type        Reason            Message
       ---------    --------    -----    ----                -------------    --------    ------            -------
       33s          33s         1        {deployment-controller }             Normal      ScalingReplicaSet Scaled up replica set mysql-63082529 to 1
    
  3. 列举出Deployment创建的pods:

    kubectl get pods -l app=mysql
    
     NAME                   READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
     mysql-63082529-2z3ki   1/1       Running   0          3m
    
  4. 查看持久卷:

    kubectl describe pv mysql-pv
    
     Name:            mysql-pv
     Labels:          <none>
     Status:          Bound
     Claim:           default/mysql-pv-claim
     Reclaim Policy:  Retain
     Access Modes:    RWO
     Capacity:        20Gi
     Message:
     Source:
         Type:        GCEPersistentDisk (a Persistent Disk resource in Google Compute Engine)
         PDName:      mysql-disk
         FSType:      ext4
         Partition:   0
         ReadOnly:    false
     No events.
    
  5. 查看PersistentVolumeClaim:

    kubectl describe pvc mysql-pv-claim
    
     Name:         mysql-pv-claim
     Namespace:    default
     Status:       Bound
     Volume:       mysql-pv
     Labels:       <none>
     Capacity:     20Gi
     Access Modes: RWO
     No events.
    

访问MySQL实例

前面YAML文件中创建了一个允许集群内其他pods访问数据库的服务. 该服务中选项 clusterIP: None 让服务DNS名称直接解析为Pod的IP地址. 当在一个服务下只有一个pod 并且不打算增加pods的数量这是最好的.

运行MySQL客户端以连接到服务器:

kubectl run -it --rm --image=mysql:5.6 mysql-client -- mysql -h <pod-ip> -p <password>

此命令在集群内创建一个新的Pod并运行MySQL客户端,并通过服务将其连接到服务器.如果连接成功,你就知道有状态的MySQL database正处于运行状态.

Waiting for pod default/mysql-client-274442439-zyp6i to be running, status is Pending, pod ready: false
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.

mysql>

更新

Deployment中镜像或其他部分同往常一样可以通过 kubectl apply 命令更新. 以下是 特定于有状态应用的一些注意事项:

  • 不要弹性伸缩. 弹性伸缩仅适用于单实例应用. 下层的PersistentVolume仅只能挂载一个pod. 对于集群级有状态应用, 请参考StatefulSet文档 StatefulSet documentation.
  • 在Deployment的YAML文件中使用 strategy: type: Recreate . 该选项指示Kubernetes不使用滚动升级. 滚动升级将无法工作, 由于一次不能运行多个pod. 在更新配置文件 创建一个新的pod前 Recreate策略将先停止第一个pod.

删除deployment

通过名称删除部署的对象:

kubectl delete deployment,svc mysql
kubectl delete pvc mysql-pv-claim
kubectl delete pv mysql-pv

如果使用Compute Engine磁盘,也可以使用如下命令:

gcloud compute disks delete mysql-disk

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