* ZH-trans: Update coarse-parallel-processing-work-queue.md (#11862) * ZH-trans: Update coarse-parallel-processing-work-queue.md * Update coarse-parallel-processing-work-queue.md * zh-trans: add /docs/concepts/architecture/cloud-controller.md (#11799) * docs/concepts/architecture/cloud-controller.md * docs/concepts/architecture/cloud-controller.md * docs/concepts/architecture/cloud-controller.md * fix * fix * fix * zh-trans: /docs/contribute/style/kubernetes-components.md (#11838) Signed-off-by: liyuan198251 <li.yuan4@zte.com.cn> zh-trans: /docs/contribute/generate-ref-docs/kubernetes-components.md; update Signed-off-by: liyuan198251 <li.yuan4@zte.com.cn> * Update weave-network-policy.md (#11858) * ZH-trans: add Update define-environment-variable-container.md (#11859) * Update define-environment-variable-container.md * Update define-environment-variable-container.md * Update define-environment-variable-container.md * Update define-environment-variable-container.md * Update define-environment-variable-container.md * Update fine-parallel-processing-work-queue.md (#11863) * Update fine-parallel-processing-work-queue.md * Update fine-parallel-processing-work-queue.md * Update setup-extension-api-server.md (#11864) * zh-trans: add / docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-join.md (#11798) * zh-trans: add / docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-join.md zh-trans: add / docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-join.md * Update kubeadm-join.md * Create kubeadm_join.md * zh-trans: update docs/concepts/containers/images.md (#11877) * zh-trans: update docs/concepts/containers/images.md * zh-trans: update docs/concepts/containers/images.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_controlplane.md (#11878) * 更新第 115 行翻译 * zh_trans: kubeadm_token_generate.md (#11884) * zh_trans: kubeadm_token_generate.md zh_trans: /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_token_generate.md * Better translation Better translation * zh-trans: add /docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-pod-initialization.md (#11886) zh-trans: add /docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-pod-initialization.md * zh-trans:add content/zh/docs/reference/issues-security (#11890) * zh-trans: add content/zh/docs/tutorials/online-training/overview.md (#11892) * zh_trans: kubeadm_token_delete.md (#11883) * zh_trans: kubeadm_token_delete.md zh_trans: /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_token_create.md * fix tpye error fix tpye error * Better translation Better translation * zh_trans: independent/create-cluster-kubeadm.md (#11882) * zh_trans: independent/create-cluster-kubeadm.md zh_trans: docs/setup/independent/create-cluster-kubeadm.md * fix word style error * fix type error * better zhtran better zhtran * fix "Create" -> "create" fix "Create" -> "create" * zh-trans: add docs/concepts/storage/storage-classes.md (#11788) * ZH-trans: fixing formatting errors (#11661) * ZH-trans: fixing formatting errors * Update ZH-trans: fixing formatting errors storage-classes zh part 1 * storage-classes zh trans * fix typo update trans for provisioner & fix typo * fix typo * 根据校对更新翻译 * zh_trans: kubeadm-token.md (#11898) zh_trans: /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-token.md * zh-trans: add /docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/quality-service-pod.md (#11900) * zh-trans: add /docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/quality-service-pod.md zh-trans: add /docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/quality-service-pod.md * Update quality-service-pod.md * zh_trans: kubeadm_alpha_phase_bootstrap-token_node.md (#11897) zh_trans: Path:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_bootstrap-token_node.md * zh-trans: add /docs/concepts/storage/volumes.md (#11767) * zh-trans: add /docs/concepts/storage/volumes.md zh-trans: add /docs/concepts/storage/volumes.md * Update volumes.md * Update volumes.md * self-review * Update volumes.md * fix docs format error (#11934) fix docs format error of https://v1-12.docs.kubernetes.io/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-join/ * Update cloud-controller.md (#11922) * zh-trans: /docs/reference/glossary/approver.md (#11924) zh-trans: /docs/reference/glossary/approver.md * zh-trans: add docs/setup/on-premises-vm/dcos.md (#11891) * zh-trans: add docs/setup/on-premises-vm/dcos.md * Update content/zh/docs/setup/on-premises-vm/dcos.md Co-Authored-By: SataQiu <1527062125@qq.com> * zh-trans: /docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-persistent-vo… (#11915) * zh-trans: /docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-persistent-volume-storage.md zh-trans: /docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-persistent-volume-storage.md * Update configure-persistent-volume-storage.md * zh_trans: kubeadm_alpha.md (#11902) * zh_trans: kubeadm_alpha.md zh_trans: /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha.md * Better translation Better translation * zh-trans: /docs/reference/glossary/downstream.md (#11931) * zh-trans: /docs/reference/glossary/downstream.md zh-trans: /docs/reference/glossary/downstream.md * Update downstream.md * Update downstream.md * ZH-trans: Update install-kubeadm.md (#11955) * fix typo of install-kubeadm.md fix typo of install-kubeadm.md * Update install-kubeadm.md * zh-trans: add kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_all.md (#11952) * zh-trans: add /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_all.md zh-trans: add /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_all.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_all.md * renew 的翻译更新为续期 * zh-trans:kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_etcd-peer.md (#11953) * zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_etcd-peer.md /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_etcd-peer.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_etcd-peer.md * zh-trans: /docs/contribute/generate-ref-docs/kubectl.md (#11941) Signed-off-by: liyuan198251 <li.yuan4@zte.com.cn> * fix docs format error (#11936) fix docs format error of https://v1-12.docs.kubernetes.io/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-config/ * Update pull request (#11921) * Update pull request (#11960) * ZH-trans: add kubefed-options.md (#11956) * Update ZH-trans: add kubefed-options.md * Update kubefed-options.md * ZH-trans: add generated/... (#11880) * Update pull request * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew.md * Update pull request (#11881) * ZH-trans: add generated/... (#11879) * Update pull request * Resolving file conflicts * zh-trans: add zh/ docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-servic… (#11889) * zh-trans: add zh/ docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-service-account.md zh-trans: add zh/ docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-service-account.md * Update configure-service-account.md * Update configure-service-account.md * zh-trans: update docs/concepts/cluster-administration/kubelet-garbage-collection.md (#11875) * zh-trans: update docs/concepts/cluster-administration/kubelet-garbage-collection.md * zh-trans: update docs/concepts/cluster-administration/kubelet-garbage-collection.md * zh-trans:update kubelet-garbage-collection.md * zh_trans: kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubeconfig_user.md (#11901) * zh_trans: kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubeconfig_user.md zh_trans: /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubeconfig_user.md * Better translation * zh-trans:add docs/reference/using-api/client-libraries.md (#11958) * zh-trans:add docs/reference/using-api/client-libraries.md * Update content/zh/docs/reference/using-api/client-libraries.md Co-Authored-By: SataQiu <1527062125@qq.com> * zh-trans: add pull-image-private-registry.md (#11912) * zh-trans: add pull-image-private-registry.md zh-trans: add pull-image-private-registry.md * Update pull-image-private-registry.md * Update pull-image-private-registry.md * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_annotate-cri.md (#11972) * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_annotate-cri.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_annotate-cri.md * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config.md (#11974) * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config.md * fix Typo "##" -> "## " (#12011) * fix Typo "##" -> "## " fix Typo "##" -> "## " * update basic-stateful-set.md * fix web style error (#12010) fix web style error * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_selfhosting.md (#12006) * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_controlplane_apiserver.md (#12005) * zh-trans:/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/resource-usage-monitor… (#11995) * zh-trans:/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/resource-usage-monitoring.md zh-trans:/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/resource-usage-monitoring.md * Update resource-usage-monitoring.md * Update resource-usage-monitoring.md * zh-trans:/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/core-metrics-pipeline.md (#11990) zh-trans:/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/core-metrics-pipeline.md * zh-trans:/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/troubleshooting.md (#11989) zh-trans:/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/troubleshooting.md * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_apiserver-kubelet-client.md (#11969) * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_apiserver-kubelet-client.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_apiserver-kubelet-client.md * zh-trans: /docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-init-containers.md (#11962) * zh-trans: /docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-init-containers.md zh-trans: /docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-init-containers.md * Update debug-init-containers.md * zh-trans: docs/reference/glossary/horizontal-pod-autoscaler.md (#11930) * zh-trans: docs/reference/glossary/horizontal-pod-autoscaler.md zh-trans: docs/reference/glossary/horizontal-pod-autoscaler.md * Update horizontal-pod-autoscaler.md * zh-trans: add /docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-projected… (#11911) * zh-trans: add /docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-projected-volume-storage.md zh-trans: add /docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-projected-volume-storage.md * Update configure-projected-volume-storage.md * Update configure-projected-volume-storage.md * zh-trans: /docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/extended-resource.md (#11918) * zh-trans: /docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/extended-resource.md zh-trans: /docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/extended-resource.md * Update extended-resource.md * Update extended-resource.md * zh-trans: add translate-compose-kubernetes.md (#11910) * zh-trans: add translate-compose-kubernetes.md zh-trans: add translate-compose-kubernetes.md * Update translate-compose-kubernetes.md * Update translate-compose-kubernetes.md * Update translate-compose-kubernetes.md * Update translate-compose-kubernetes.md * Update translate-compose-kubernetes.md * Update translate-compose-kubernetes.md * zh-trans: zh/docs/reference/glossary/flexvolume.md (#11925) * zh-trans: zh/docs/reference/glossary/flexvolume.md zh-trans: zh/docs/reference/glossary/flexvolume.md * Update flexvolume.md * zh_trans: kubeadm_alpha_phase_bootstrap-token_create.md (#11947) * zh_trans: kubeadm_alpha_phase_bootstrap-token_create.md zh_trans: /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_bootstrap-token_create.md * better translation better translation * zh-trans:add docs/setup/turnkey/alibaba-cloud.md (#11959) * zh_trans: kubeadm_completion.md (#11895) * zh_trans: kubeadm_completion.md zh_trans: /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_bootstrap-token_node.md * Better translation Better translation * Update kubeadm_completion.md * better translation better translation * zh-trans: add /zh/ docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/crictl.md (#11961) * zh-trans: add /zh/ docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/crictl.md zh-trans: add /zh/ docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/crictl.md * Update crictl.md * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_front-proxy-ca.md (#11968) * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_controlplane_all.md (#11970) * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_controlplane_all.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_controlplane_all.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_controlplane_all.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_controlplane_all.md * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_upload-config.md (#11971) * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_upload-config.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_upload-config.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_upload-config.md * ZH-trans: Fixed some incorrect translations (#11973) * zh-trans: /docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/determine-reason-pod-… (#11977) * zh-trans: /docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/determine-reason-pod-failure.md zh-trans: /docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/determine-reason-pod-failure.md * Update determine-reason-pod-failure.md * zh-trans: /docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/local-debugging.md (#11988) * zh-trans: /docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/local-debugging.md zh-trans: /docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/local-debugging.md * Update local-debugging.md * zh-trans:/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/events-stackdriver.md (#11996) zh-trans:/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/events-stackdriver.md * zh-trans:/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/get-shell-running-cont… (#11998) * zh-trans:/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/get-shell-running-container.md zh-trans:/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/get-shell-running-container.md * Update get-shell-running-container.md * zh-trans:/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/logging-elasticsearch-kibana.md (#12001) zh-trans:/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/logging-elasticsearch-kibana.md * ZH-trans: ad kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_write-to-disk.md (#12004) * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_write-to-disk.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_write-to-disk.md * Remove old-generated kubefed docs (generated on 25-march-2018) (#12093) * Update _index.md (#12061) * Update kubeadm_reset.md (#12047) * ZH-trasn: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubeconfig_controller-manager.md (#12032) * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubeconfig_controller-manager.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubeconfig_controller-manager.md * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_preflight_node.md (#12035) * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_preflight_node.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_preflight_node.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_preflight_node.md * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_controlplane_scheduler.md (#12031) * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_controlplane_scheduler.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_controlplane_scheduler.md * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_bootstrap-token_node_allow-post-csrs.md (#12039) * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_bootstrap-token_node_allow-post-csrs.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_bootstrap-token_node_allow-post-csrs.md * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_write-env-file.md (#12034) * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_write-env-file.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_write-env-file.md * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_upgrade_node_experimental-control-plane.md (#12036) * Create kubeadm_upgrade_node_experimental-control-plane.md * Update kubeadm_upgrade_node_experimental-control-plane.md * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_bootstrap-token_node_allow-auto-approve.md (#12038) * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_etcd.md (#12040) * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_etcd-server.md (#12041) * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_etcd-server.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_etcd-server.md * Update advanced.md (#12044) * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_etcd-healthcheck-client.md (#12042) * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_etcd-healthcheck-client.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_etcd-healthcheck-client.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_etcd-healthcheck-client.md * Update kubeadm_version.md (#12046) * Update _index.md (#12063) * zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed/kubefed_version.md (#12085) zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed/kubefed_version.md * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_etcd-peer.md (#12037) * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_etcd-peer.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_etcd-peer.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_etcd-peer.md * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_download.md (#12033) * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_download.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_download.md * zh-trans: add docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/_index.md (#12048) * zh-trans: update cpu-constraint-namespace.md and cpu-default-namespace.md (#12106) * ZH-trans: update kubeadm_alpha_phase_upload-config.md (#12110) * zh-tran: /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed/kubefed_unjoin.md (#12022) * zh-tran: /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed/kubefed_unjoin.md zh-tran: /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed/kubefed_unjoin.md * Update kubefed_unjoin.md * Update kubefed_unjoin.md * Update kubefed_unjoin.md * zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_… (#12114) * zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_apiserver.md zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_apiserver.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_apiserver.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_apiserver.md * zh-trans:/docs/reference/kubectl/docker-cli-to-kubectl.md (#12088) * zh-trans:/docs/reference/kubectl/docker-cli-to-kubectl.md zh-trans:/docs/reference/kubectl/docker-cli-to-kubectl.md * Update docker-cli-to-kubectl.md * zh-trans: /docs/reference/kubectl/conventions.md (#12089) * zh-trans: /docs/reference/kubectl/conventions.md zh-trans: /docs/reference/kubectl/conventions.md * Update conventions.md * zh-trans organize-cluster-access-kubeconfig.md (#12094) * zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed/kubefed.md (#12086) * zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed/kubefed.md zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed/kubefed.md * Update kubefed.md * zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed/kubefed_join.md (#12029) * zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed/kubefed_join.md zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed/kubefed_join.md * Update kubefed_join.md * Update kubefed_join.md * zh-trans: /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed/kubefed_init.md (#12020) * zh-trans: /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed/kubefed_init.md zh-trans: /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed/kubefed_init.md * Update kubefed_init.md * Update kubefed_init.md * Update kubefed_init.md * zh-trans: add docs/setup/independent/control-plane-flags.md (#12043) * zh-trans: add docs/setup/independent/control-plane-flags.md * update content/zh/docs/setup/independent/control-plane-flags.md * zh-trans:/docs/tasks/tools/install-kubectl.md (#11992) * configure-aggregation-layer.md * configure-aggregation-layer.md * configure-aggregation-layer.md * configure-aggregation-layer.md * Update configure-aggregation-layer.md * . * . * . * . * . * . * . * . * configure-aggregation-layer.md * . * . * Update configure-aggregation-layer.md * . * . * . * . * zh-trans: add /docs/concepts/cluster-administration/manage-deployment.md (#11899) * add /docs/concepts/cluster-administration/manage-deployment.md * 更新部分翻译,去除多余的反引号 * 更新部分翻译 * zh-trans: add docs/tasks/service-catalog/install-service-catalog-using-sc.md (#12045) * zh-trans: add docs/tasks/service-catalog/install-service-catalog-using-sc.md * update docs/tasks/service-catalog/install-service-catalog-using-sc.md * zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed/kubefed_options.md (#12087) * zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed/kubefed_options.md zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed/kubefed_options.md * Update kubefed_options.md * Update kubefed_options.md * zh-trans: Fix some blog links issue (#12115) * zh-trans: Fix some blog links issue * Revert the space change * update Set Kubelet parameters via a config file (#12150) * zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubeconfig_all.md (#12185) zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubeconfig_all.md * zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_… (#12184) * zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_etcd_local.md zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_etcd_local.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_etcd_local.md * zh-trans: kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_upload.md (#12130) zh-trans: kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_upload.md * zh-trans: kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubeconfig_admin.md (#12131) zh-trans: kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubeconfig_admin.md * zh-trans: /docs/contribute/generate-ref-docs/kubernetes-api.md (#12141) Signed-off-by: liyuan198251 <li.yuan4@zte.com.cn> * zh-trans:/docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/imperative… (#12151) * zh-trans:/docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/imperative-config.md zh-trans:/docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/imperative-config.md * Update imperative-config.md * ZH-trans: added a blog post Chinese translation: 2018-05-01-developing-on-kubernetes.md (#12009) * added a blog post chinese translation * Update 2018-05-01-developing-on-kubernetes.md apply some suggested changes per review comments * Update 2018-05-01-developing-on-kubernetes.md cont to review and improve the wording, up to squash * more update and rewording * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_enable-dynamic.md (#12209) * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_enable-dynamic.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_enable-dynamic.md * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_apiserver.md (#12210) * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_apiserver.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_apiserver.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_apiserver.md * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_front-proxy-client.md (#12212) * fix docs style (#12225) * fix docs style fix docs style * fix docs style fix docs style * ZH-trans: add rbac.md (#12263) * ZH-trans: add rbac.md * Update rbac.md * ZH-trans: add persistent-volume-claim.md (#12264) * ZH-trans: add persistent-volume-claim.md * 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Update security-context.md * Update security-context.md * Update security-context.md * fix typo "_必须_" -> "必须" (#12300) fix typo "_必须_" -> "必须" * fix docs style error (#12307) fix docs style error * Create explore-interactive.html (#12311) * fix docs style error (#12314) fix docs style error * ZH-trans: add kube-controller-manager.md (#12260) * ZH-trans: add kube-controller-manager.md * Update kube-controller-manager.md * Update kube-controller-manager.md * Update kube-controller-manager.md * zh-trans: /docs/contribute/localization.md (#12295) Signed-off-by: liyuan198251 <li.yuan4@zte.com.cn> zh-trans: /docs/contribute/localization.md; update Signed-off-by: liyuan198251 <li.yuan4@zte.com.cn> zh-trans: /docs/contribute/localization.md; update2 Signed-off-by: liyuan198251 <li.yuan4@zte.com.cn> * ZH-trans: update tools.md (#12320) ZH-trans: update tools.md * ZH-trans: fix "kubead -config" -> "kubeadm-config" (#12319) * ZH-trans: update kubeadm_config.md * fix style error * correct 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| 访问集群 | 20 | templates/concept |
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本文阐述多种与集群交互的方法。
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使用 kubectl 完成集群的第一次访问
当您第一次访问 Kubernetes API 的时候,我们建议您使用 Kubernetes CLI,kubectl。
访问集群时,您需要知道集群的地址并且拥有访问的凭证。通常,这些在您通过 Getting started guide 安装集群时都是自动安装好的,或者其他人安装时也应该提供了凭证和集群地址。
通过以下命令检查 kubectl 是否知道集群地址及凭证:
$ kubectl config view
有许多 例子 介绍了如何使用 kubectl,可以在 kubectl手册 中找到更完整的文档。
直接访问 REST API
Kubectl 处理 apiserver 的定位和身份验证。 如果要使用 curl 或 wget 等 http 客户端或浏览器直接访问 REST API,可以通过多种方式查找和验证:
- 以代理模式运行 kubectl。
- 推荐此方式。
- 使用已存储的 apiserver 地址。
- 使用自签名的证书来验证 apiserver 的身份。杜绝 MITM 攻击。
- 对 apiserver 进行身份验证。
- 未来可能会实现智能化的客户端负载均衡和故障恢复。
- 直接向 http 客户端提供位置和凭据。
- 可选的方案。
- 适用于代理可能引起混淆的某些客户端类型。
- 需要引入根证书到您的浏览器以防止 MITM 攻击。
使用 kubectl 代理
以下命令以反向代理的模式运行kubectl。它处理 apiserver 的定位和验证。 像这样运行:
$ kubectl proxy --port=8080 &
参阅 kubectl proxy 获取更多详细信息。
然后,您可以使用 curl、wget 或浏览器访问 API,如果是 IPv6 则用 [::1] 替换 localhost,如下所示:
$ curl http://localhost:8080/api/
{
"versions": [
"v1"
]
}
不使用 kubectl 代理
在 Kubernetes 1.3 或更高版本中,kubectl config view 不再显示 token。使用 kubectl describe secret ... 来获取默认服务帐户的 token,如下所示:
grep/cut 方法实现:
$ APISERVER=$(kubectl config view | grep server | cut -f 2- -d ":" | tr -d " ")
$ TOKEN=$(kubectl describe secret $(kubectl get secrets | grep default | cut -f1 -d ' ') | grep -E '^token' | cut -f2 -d':' | tr -d '\t')
$ curl $APISERVER/api --header "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" --insecure
{
"kind": "APIVersions",
"versions": [
"v1"
],
"serverAddressByClientCIDRs": [
{
"clientCIDR": "0.0.0.0/0",
"serverAddress": "10.0.1.149:443"
}
]
}
jsonpath 方法实现:
$ APISERVER=$(kubectl config view --minify -o jsonpath='{.clusters[0].cluster.server}')
$ TOKEN=$(kubectl get secret $(kubectl get serviceaccount default -o jsonpath='{.secrets[0].name}') -o jsonpath='{.data.token}' | base64 --decode )
$ curl $APISERVER/api --header "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" --insecure
{
"kind": "APIVersions",
"versions": [
"v1"
],
"serverAddressByClientCIDRs": [
{
"clientCIDR": "0.0.0.0/0",
"serverAddress": "10.0.1.149:443"
}
]
}
上面的例子使用了 --insecure 参数,这使得它很容易受到 MITM 攻击。当 kubectl 访问集群时,它使用存储的根证书和客户端证书来访问服务器(这些安装在 ~/.kube 目录中)。由于集群证书通常是自签名的,因此可能需要特殊配置才能让您的 http 客户端使用根证书。
在一些集群中,apiserver 不需要身份验证;它可能只服务于 localhost,或者被防火墙保护,这个没有一定的标准。 配置对 API 的访问 描述了集群管理员如何进行配置。此类方法可能与未来的高可用性支持相冲突。
以编程方式访问 API
Kubernetes 官方提供对 Go 和 Python 的客户端库支持。
Go 客户端
- 想要获得这个库,请运行命令:
go get k8s.io/client-go/<version number>/kubernetes。参阅 https://github.com/kubernetes/client-go 来查看目前支持哪些版本。 - 基于这个 client-go 客户端库编写应用程序。 请注意,client-go 定义了自己的 API 对象,因此如果需要,请从 client-go 而不是从主存储库导入 API 定义,例如,
import "k8s.io/client-go/1.4/pkg/api/v1"才是对的。
Go 客户端可以像 kubectl CLI 一样使用相同的 kubeconfig 文件 来定位和验证 apiserver。可参阅 示例。
如果应用程序以 Pod 的形式部署在集群中,那么请参阅 下一章。
Python 客户端
如果想要使用 Python 客户端,请运行命令:pip install kubernetes。参阅 Python Client Library page 以获得更详细的安装参数。
Python 客户端可以像 kubectl CLI 一样使用相同的 kubeconfig 文件 来定位和验证 apiserver,可参阅 示例。
其它语言
目前有多个 客户端库 为其它语言提供访问 API 的方法。 参阅其它库的相关文档以获取他们是如何验证的。
从 Pod 中访问 API
当你从 Pod 中访问 API 时,定位和验证 apiserver 会有些许不同。
在 Pod 中定位 apiserver 的推荐方式是通过 kubernetes.default.svc 这个 DNS 名称,该名称将会解析为服务 IP,然后服务 IP 将会路由到 apiserver。
向 apiserver 进行身份验证的推荐方法是使用 服务帐户 凭据。
通过 kube-system,pod 与服务帐户相关联,并且该服务帐户的凭证(token)被放置在该 pod 中每个容器的文件系统中,位于 /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token。
如果可用,则将证书放入每个容器的文件系统中的 /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt,并且应该用于验证 apiserver 的服务证书。
最后,命名空间化的 API 操作所使用的默认命名空间将被放置在每个容器的 /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/namespace 文件中。
在 pod 中,建议连接 API 的方法是:
- 在 pod 的 sidecar 容器中运行
kubectl proxy,或者以后台进程的形式运行。 这将把 Kubernetes API 代理到当前 pod 的 localhost interface,所以 pod 中的所有容器中的进程都能访问它。 - 使用 Go 客户端库,并使用
rest.InClusterConfig()和kubernetes.NewForConfig()函数创建一个客户端。 他们处理 apiserver 的定位和身份验证。示例
在每种情况下,pod 的凭证都是为了与 apiserver 安全地通信。
访问集群中正在运行的服务
上一节介绍了如何连接 Kubernetes API 服务。本节介绍如何连接到 Kubernetes 集群上运行的其他服务。 在 Kubernetes 中,节点,pods 和 服务 都有自己的 IP。 在许多情况下,集群上的节点 IP,pod IP 和某些服务 IP 将无法路由,因此无法从集群外部的计算机(例如桌面计算机)访问它们。
连接的方法
有多种方式可以从集群外部连接节点、pod 和服务:
- 通过公共 IP 访问服务。
- 类型为
NodePort或LoadBalancer的服务,集群外部可以访问。 请参阅 服务 和 kubectl expose 文档。 - 取决于您的集群环境,该服务可能仅暴露给您的公司网络,或者也可能暴露给整个互联网。 请考虑公开该服务是否安全。它是否进行自己的身份验证?
- 在服务后端放置 pod。要从一组副本中访问一个特定的 pod,例如进行调试,请在 pod 上放置一个唯一的标签,然后创建一个选择此标签的新服务。
- 在大多数情况下,应用程序开发人员不应该通过其 nodeIP 直接访问节点。
- 类型为
- 使用 Proxy Verb 访问服务、node 或者 pod。
- 在访问远程服务之前进行 apiserver 身份验证和授权。 如果服务不能够安全地暴露到互联网,或者服务不能获得节点 IP 端口的访问权限,或者是为了 debug,那么请使用此选项。
- 代理可能会给一些 web 应用带来问题。
- 只适用于 HTTP/HTTPS。
- 更多详细信息在 [这里]。
- 从集群中的 node 或者 pod 中访问。
- 运行一个 pod,然后使用 kubectl exec 来连接 pod 里的 shell。 然后从 shell 中连接其它的节点、pod 和服务。
- 有些集群可能允许您通过 ssh 连接到 node,从那您可能可以访问集群的服务。 这是一个非正式的方式,可能可以运行在个别的集群上。 浏览器和其它一些工具可能没有被安装。集群的 DNS 可能无法使用。
发现内建服务
通常来说,集群中会有 kube-system 创建的一些运行的服务。
通过 kubectl cluster-info 命令获得这些服务列表:
$ kubectl cluster-info
Kubernetes master is running at https://104.197.5.247
elasticsearch-logging is running at https://104.197.5.247/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/elasticsearch-logging/proxy
kibana-logging is running at https://104.197.5.247/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kibana-logging/proxy
kube-dns is running at https://104.197.5.247/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns/proxy
grafana is running at https://104.197.5.247/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/monitoring-grafana/proxy
heapster is running at https://104.197.5.247/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/monitoring-heapster/proxy
这展示了访问每个服务的 proxy-verb URL。
例如,如果集群启动了集群级别的日志(使用 Elasticsearch),并且传递合适的凭证,那么可以通过 https://104.197.5.247/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/elasticsearch-logging/proxy/ 进行访问。日志也能通过 kubectl 代理获取,例如:
http://localhost:8080/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/elasticsearch-logging/proxy/。
(参阅 上面的内容 来获取如何使用 kubectl 代理来传递凭证)
手动构建 apiserver 代理 URL
如上所述,您可以使用 kubectl cluster-info 命令来获得服务的代理 URL。要创建包含服务端点、后缀和参数的代理 URL,只需添加到服务的代理 URL:
http://kubernetes_master_address/api/v1/namespaces/namespace_name/services/service_name[:port_name]/proxy
如果尚未为端口指定名称,则不必在 URL 中指定 port_name。
默认情况下,API server 使用 http 代理您的服务。要使用 https,请在服务名称前加上 https::
http://kubernetes_master_address/api/v1/namespaces/namespace_name/services/https:service_name:[port_name]/proxy
URL 名称段支持的格式为:
<service_name>- 使用 http 代理到默认或未命名的端口<service_name>:<port_name>- 使用 http 代理到指定的端口https:<service_name>:- 使用 https 代理到默认或未命名的端口(注意后面的冒号)https:<service_name>:<port_name>- 使用 https 代理到指定的端口
示例
- 要访问 Elasticsearch 服务端点
_search?q=user:kimchy,您需要使用:http://104.197.5.247/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/elasticsearch-logging/proxy/_search?q=user:kimchy - 要访问 Elasticsearch 集群健康信息
_cluster/health?pretty=true,您需要使用:https://104.197.5.247/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/elasticsearch-logging/proxy/_cluster/health?pretty=true
{
"cluster_name" : "kubernetes_logging",
"status" : "yellow",
"timed_out" : false,
"number_of_nodes" : 1,
"number_of_data_nodes" : 1,
"active_primary_shards" : 5,
"active_shards" : 5,
"relocating_shards" : 0,
"initializing_shards" : 0,
"unassigned_shards" : 5
}
使用 web 浏览器访问运行在集群上的服务
您可以在浏览器地址栏中输入 apiserver 代理 URL。但是:
- Web 浏览器通常不能传递 token,因此您可能需要使用基本(密码)身份验证。Apiserver 可以配置为接受基本身份验证,但您的集群可能未进行配置。
- 某些 Web 应用程序可能无法运行,尤其是那些使用客户端 javascript 以不知道代理路径前缀的方式构建 URL 的应用程序。
请求重定向
已弃用并删除了重定向功能。请改用代理(见下文)。
多种代理
使用 Kubernetes 时可能会遇到几种不同的代理:
-
- 在用户的桌面或 pod 中运行
- 代理从本地主机地址到 Kubernetes apiserver
- 客户端到代理将使用 HTTP
- 代理到 apiserver 使用 HTTPS
- 定位 apiserver
- 添加身份验证 header
-
- 内置于 apiserver 中
- 将集群外部的用户连接到集群 IP,否则这些 IP 可能无法访问
- 运行在 apiserver 进程中
- 客户端代理使用 HTTPS(也可配置为 http)
- 代理将根据可用的信息决定使用 HTTP 或者 HTTPS 代理到目标
- 可用于访问节点、Pod 或服务
- 在访问服务时进行负载平衡
-
- 运行在每个节点上
- 代理 UDP 和 TCP
- 不能代理 HTTP
- 提供负载均衡
- 只能用来访问服务
-
位于 apiserver 之前的 Proxy/Load-balancer:
- 存在和实现因集群而异(例如 nginx)
- 位于所有客户和一个或多个 apiserver 之间
- 如果有多个 apiserver,则充当负载均衡器
-
外部服务上的云负载均衡器:
- 由一些云提供商提供(例如 AWS ELB,Google Cloud Load Balancer)
- 当 Kubernetes 服务类型为
LoadBalancer时自动创建 - 只使用 UDP/TCP
- 具体实现因云提供商而异。
除了前两种类型之外,Kubernetes 用户通常不需要担心任何其他问题。集群管理员通常会确保后者的正确配置。
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