* ZH-trans: Update coarse-parallel-processing-work-queue.md (#11862) * ZH-trans: Update coarse-parallel-processing-work-queue.md * Update coarse-parallel-processing-work-queue.md * zh-trans: add /docs/concepts/architecture/cloud-controller.md (#11799) * docs/concepts/architecture/cloud-controller.md * docs/concepts/architecture/cloud-controller.md * docs/concepts/architecture/cloud-controller.md * fix * fix * fix * zh-trans: /docs/contribute/style/kubernetes-components.md (#11838) Signed-off-by: liyuan198251 <li.yuan4@zte.com.cn> zh-trans: /docs/contribute/generate-ref-docs/kubernetes-components.md; update Signed-off-by: liyuan198251 <li.yuan4@zte.com.cn> * Update weave-network-policy.md (#11858) * ZH-trans: add Update define-environment-variable-container.md (#11859) * Update define-environment-variable-container.md * Update define-environment-variable-container.md * Update define-environment-variable-container.md * Update define-environment-variable-container.md * Update define-environment-variable-container.md * Update fine-parallel-processing-work-queue.md (#11863) * Update fine-parallel-processing-work-queue.md * Update fine-parallel-processing-work-queue.md * Update setup-extension-api-server.md (#11864) * zh-trans: add / docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-join.md (#11798) * zh-trans: add / docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-join.md zh-trans: add / docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-join.md * Update kubeadm-join.md * Create kubeadm_join.md * zh-trans: update docs/concepts/containers/images.md (#11877) * zh-trans: update docs/concepts/containers/images.md * zh-trans: update docs/concepts/containers/images.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_controlplane.md (#11878) * 更新第 115 行翻译 * zh_trans: kubeadm_token_generate.md (#11884) * zh_trans: kubeadm_token_generate.md zh_trans: /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_token_generate.md * Better translation Better translation * zh-trans: add /docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-pod-initialization.md (#11886) zh-trans: add /docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-pod-initialization.md * zh-trans:add content/zh/docs/reference/issues-security (#11890) * zh-trans: add content/zh/docs/tutorials/online-training/overview.md (#11892) * zh_trans: kubeadm_token_delete.md (#11883) * zh_trans: kubeadm_token_delete.md zh_trans: /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_token_create.md * fix tpye error fix tpye error * Better translation Better translation * zh_trans: independent/create-cluster-kubeadm.md (#11882) * zh_trans: independent/create-cluster-kubeadm.md zh_trans: docs/setup/independent/create-cluster-kubeadm.md * fix word style error * fix type error * better zhtran better zhtran * fix "Create" -> "create" fix "Create" -> "create" * zh-trans: add docs/concepts/storage/storage-classes.md (#11788) * ZH-trans: fixing formatting errors (#11661) * ZH-trans: fixing formatting errors * Update ZH-trans: fixing formatting errors storage-classes zh part 1 * storage-classes zh trans * fix typo update trans for provisioner & fix typo * fix typo * 根据校对更新翻译 * zh_trans: kubeadm-token.md (#11898) zh_trans: /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-token.md * zh-trans: add /docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/quality-service-pod.md (#11900) * zh-trans: add /docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/quality-service-pod.md zh-trans: add /docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/quality-service-pod.md * Update quality-service-pod.md * zh_trans: kubeadm_alpha_phase_bootstrap-token_node.md (#11897) zh_trans: Path:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_bootstrap-token_node.md * zh-trans: add /docs/concepts/storage/volumes.md (#11767) * zh-trans: add /docs/concepts/storage/volumes.md zh-trans: add /docs/concepts/storage/volumes.md * Update volumes.md * Update volumes.md * self-review * Update volumes.md * fix docs format error (#11934) fix docs format error of https://v1-12.docs.kubernetes.io/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-join/ * Update cloud-controller.md (#11922) * zh-trans: /docs/reference/glossary/approver.md (#11924) zh-trans: /docs/reference/glossary/approver.md * zh-trans: add docs/setup/on-premises-vm/dcos.md (#11891) * zh-trans: add docs/setup/on-premises-vm/dcos.md * Update content/zh/docs/setup/on-premises-vm/dcos.md Co-Authored-By: SataQiu <1527062125@qq.com> * zh-trans: /docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-persistent-vo… (#11915) * zh-trans: /docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-persistent-volume-storage.md zh-trans: /docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-persistent-volume-storage.md * Update configure-persistent-volume-storage.md * zh_trans: kubeadm_alpha.md (#11902) * zh_trans: kubeadm_alpha.md zh_trans: /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha.md * Better translation Better translation * zh-trans: /docs/reference/glossary/downstream.md (#11931) * zh-trans: /docs/reference/glossary/downstream.md zh-trans: /docs/reference/glossary/downstream.md * Update downstream.md * Update downstream.md * ZH-trans: Update install-kubeadm.md (#11955) * fix typo of install-kubeadm.md fix typo of install-kubeadm.md * Update install-kubeadm.md * zh-trans: add kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_all.md (#11952) * zh-trans: add /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_all.md zh-trans: add /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_all.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_all.md * renew 的翻译更新为续期 * zh-trans:kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_etcd-peer.md (#11953) * zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_etcd-peer.md /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_etcd-peer.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_etcd-peer.md * zh-trans: /docs/contribute/generate-ref-docs/kubectl.md (#11941) Signed-off-by: liyuan198251 <li.yuan4@zte.com.cn> * fix docs format error (#11936) fix docs format error of https://v1-12.docs.kubernetes.io/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-config/ * Update pull request (#11921) * Update pull request (#11960) * ZH-trans: add kubefed-options.md (#11956) * Update ZH-trans: add kubefed-options.md * Update kubefed-options.md * ZH-trans: add generated/... (#11880) * Update pull request * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew.md * Update pull request (#11881) * ZH-trans: add generated/... (#11879) * Update pull request * Resolving file conflicts * zh-trans: add zh/ docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-servic… (#11889) * zh-trans: add zh/ docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-service-account.md zh-trans: add zh/ docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-service-account.md * Update configure-service-account.md * Update configure-service-account.md * zh-trans: update docs/concepts/cluster-administration/kubelet-garbage-collection.md (#11875) * zh-trans: update docs/concepts/cluster-administration/kubelet-garbage-collection.md * zh-trans: update docs/concepts/cluster-administration/kubelet-garbage-collection.md * zh-trans:update kubelet-garbage-collection.md * zh_trans: kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubeconfig_user.md (#11901) * zh_trans: kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubeconfig_user.md zh_trans: /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubeconfig_user.md * Better translation * zh-trans:add docs/reference/using-api/client-libraries.md (#11958) * zh-trans:add docs/reference/using-api/client-libraries.md * Update content/zh/docs/reference/using-api/client-libraries.md Co-Authored-By: SataQiu <1527062125@qq.com> * zh-trans: add pull-image-private-registry.md (#11912) * zh-trans: add pull-image-private-registry.md zh-trans: add pull-image-private-registry.md * Update pull-image-private-registry.md * Update pull-image-private-registry.md * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_annotate-cri.md (#11972) * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_annotate-cri.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_annotate-cri.md * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config.md (#11974) * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config.md * fix Typo "##" -> "## " (#12011) * fix Typo "##" -> "## " fix Typo "##" -> "## " * update basic-stateful-set.md * fix web style error (#12010) fix web style error * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_selfhosting.md (#12006) * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_controlplane_apiserver.md (#12005) * zh-trans:/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/resource-usage-monitor… (#11995) * zh-trans:/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/resource-usage-monitoring.md zh-trans:/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/resource-usage-monitoring.md * Update resource-usage-monitoring.md * Update resource-usage-monitoring.md * zh-trans:/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/core-metrics-pipeline.md (#11990) zh-trans:/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/core-metrics-pipeline.md * zh-trans:/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/troubleshooting.md (#11989) zh-trans:/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/troubleshooting.md * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_apiserver-kubelet-client.md (#11969) * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_apiserver-kubelet-client.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_apiserver-kubelet-client.md * zh-trans: /docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-init-containers.md (#11962) * zh-trans: /docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-init-containers.md zh-trans: /docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-init-containers.md * Update debug-init-containers.md * zh-trans: docs/reference/glossary/horizontal-pod-autoscaler.md (#11930) * zh-trans: docs/reference/glossary/horizontal-pod-autoscaler.md zh-trans: docs/reference/glossary/horizontal-pod-autoscaler.md * Update horizontal-pod-autoscaler.md * zh-trans: add /docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-projected… (#11911) * zh-trans: add /docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-projected-volume-storage.md zh-trans: add /docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-projected-volume-storage.md * Update configure-projected-volume-storage.md * Update configure-projected-volume-storage.md * zh-trans: /docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/extended-resource.md (#11918) * zh-trans: /docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/extended-resource.md zh-trans: /docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/extended-resource.md * Update extended-resource.md * Update extended-resource.md * zh-trans: add translate-compose-kubernetes.md (#11910) * zh-trans: add translate-compose-kubernetes.md zh-trans: add translate-compose-kubernetes.md * Update translate-compose-kubernetes.md * Update translate-compose-kubernetes.md * Update translate-compose-kubernetes.md * Update translate-compose-kubernetes.md * Update translate-compose-kubernetes.md * Update translate-compose-kubernetes.md * zh-trans: zh/docs/reference/glossary/flexvolume.md (#11925) * zh-trans: zh/docs/reference/glossary/flexvolume.md zh-trans: zh/docs/reference/glossary/flexvolume.md * Update flexvolume.md * zh_trans: kubeadm_alpha_phase_bootstrap-token_create.md (#11947) * zh_trans: kubeadm_alpha_phase_bootstrap-token_create.md zh_trans: /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_bootstrap-token_create.md * better translation better translation * zh-trans:add docs/setup/turnkey/alibaba-cloud.md (#11959) * zh_trans: kubeadm_completion.md (#11895) * zh_trans: kubeadm_completion.md zh_trans: /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_bootstrap-token_node.md * Better translation Better translation * Update kubeadm_completion.md * better translation better translation * zh-trans: add /zh/ docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/crictl.md (#11961) * zh-trans: add /zh/ docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/crictl.md zh-trans: add /zh/ docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/crictl.md * Update crictl.md * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_front-proxy-ca.md (#11968) * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_controlplane_all.md (#11970) * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_controlplane_all.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_controlplane_all.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_controlplane_all.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_controlplane_all.md * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_upload-config.md (#11971) * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_upload-config.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_upload-config.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_upload-config.md * ZH-trans: Fixed some incorrect translations (#11973) * zh-trans: /docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/determine-reason-pod-… (#11977) * zh-trans: /docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/determine-reason-pod-failure.md zh-trans: /docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/determine-reason-pod-failure.md * Update determine-reason-pod-failure.md * zh-trans: /docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/local-debugging.md (#11988) * zh-trans: /docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/local-debugging.md zh-trans: /docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/local-debugging.md * Update local-debugging.md * zh-trans:/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/events-stackdriver.md (#11996) zh-trans:/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/events-stackdriver.md * zh-trans:/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/get-shell-running-cont… (#11998) * zh-trans:/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/get-shell-running-container.md zh-trans:/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/get-shell-running-container.md * Update get-shell-running-container.md * zh-trans:/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/logging-elasticsearch-kibana.md (#12001) zh-trans:/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/logging-elasticsearch-kibana.md * ZH-trans: ad kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_write-to-disk.md (#12004) * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_write-to-disk.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_write-to-disk.md * Remove old-generated kubefed docs (generated on 25-march-2018) (#12093) * Update _index.md (#12061) * Update kubeadm_reset.md (#12047) * ZH-trasn: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubeconfig_controller-manager.md (#12032) * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubeconfig_controller-manager.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubeconfig_controller-manager.md * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_preflight_node.md (#12035) * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_preflight_node.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_preflight_node.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_preflight_node.md * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_controlplane_scheduler.md (#12031) * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_controlplane_scheduler.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_controlplane_scheduler.md * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_bootstrap-token_node_allow-post-csrs.md (#12039) * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_bootstrap-token_node_allow-post-csrs.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_bootstrap-token_node_allow-post-csrs.md * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_write-env-file.md (#12034) * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_write-env-file.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_write-env-file.md * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_upgrade_node_experimental-control-plane.md (#12036) * Create kubeadm_upgrade_node_experimental-control-plane.md * Update kubeadm_upgrade_node_experimental-control-plane.md * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_bootstrap-token_node_allow-auto-approve.md (#12038) * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_etcd.md (#12040) * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_etcd-server.md (#12041) * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_etcd-server.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_etcd-server.md * Update advanced.md (#12044) * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_etcd-healthcheck-client.md (#12042) * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_etcd-healthcheck-client.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_etcd-healthcheck-client.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_etcd-healthcheck-client.md * Update kubeadm_version.md (#12046) * Update _index.md (#12063) * zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed/kubefed_version.md (#12085) zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed/kubefed_version.md * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_etcd-peer.md (#12037) * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_etcd-peer.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_etcd-peer.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_etcd-peer.md * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_download.md (#12033) * Create kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_download.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_download.md * zh-trans: add docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/_index.md (#12048) * zh-trans: update cpu-constraint-namespace.md and cpu-default-namespace.md (#12106) * ZH-trans: update kubeadm_alpha_phase_upload-config.md (#12110) * zh-tran: /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed/kubefed_unjoin.md (#12022) * zh-tran: /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed/kubefed_unjoin.md zh-tran: /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed/kubefed_unjoin.md * Update kubefed_unjoin.md * Update kubefed_unjoin.md * Update kubefed_unjoin.md * zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_… (#12114) * zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_apiserver.md zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_apiserver.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_apiserver.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_apiserver.md * zh-trans:/docs/reference/kubectl/docker-cli-to-kubectl.md (#12088) * zh-trans:/docs/reference/kubectl/docker-cli-to-kubectl.md zh-trans:/docs/reference/kubectl/docker-cli-to-kubectl.md * Update docker-cli-to-kubectl.md * zh-trans: /docs/reference/kubectl/conventions.md (#12089) * zh-trans: /docs/reference/kubectl/conventions.md zh-trans: /docs/reference/kubectl/conventions.md * Update conventions.md * zh-trans organize-cluster-access-kubeconfig.md (#12094) * zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed/kubefed.md (#12086) * zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed/kubefed.md zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed/kubefed.md * Update kubefed.md * zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed/kubefed_join.md (#12029) * zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed/kubefed_join.md zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed/kubefed_join.md * Update kubefed_join.md * Update kubefed_join.md * zh-trans: /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed/kubefed_init.md (#12020) * zh-trans: /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed/kubefed_init.md zh-trans: /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed/kubefed_init.md * Update kubefed_init.md * Update kubefed_init.md * Update kubefed_init.md * zh-trans: add docs/setup/independent/control-plane-flags.md (#12043) * zh-trans: add docs/setup/independent/control-plane-flags.md * update content/zh/docs/setup/independent/control-plane-flags.md * zh-trans:/docs/tasks/tools/install-kubectl.md (#11992) * configure-aggregation-layer.md * configure-aggregation-layer.md * configure-aggregation-layer.md * configure-aggregation-layer.md * Update configure-aggregation-layer.md * . * . * . * . * . * . * . * . * configure-aggregation-layer.md * . * . * Update configure-aggregation-layer.md * . * . * . * . * zh-trans: add /docs/concepts/cluster-administration/manage-deployment.md (#11899) * add /docs/concepts/cluster-administration/manage-deployment.md * 更新部分翻译,去除多余的反引号 * 更新部分翻译 * zh-trans: add docs/tasks/service-catalog/install-service-catalog-using-sc.md (#12045) * zh-trans: add docs/tasks/service-catalog/install-service-catalog-using-sc.md * update docs/tasks/service-catalog/install-service-catalog-using-sc.md * zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed/kubefed_options.md (#12087) * zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed/kubefed_options.md zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubefed/kubefed_options.md * Update kubefed_options.md * Update kubefed_options.md * zh-trans: Fix some blog links issue (#12115) * zh-trans: Fix some blog links issue * Revert the space change * update Set Kubelet parameters via a config file (#12150) * zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubeconfig_all.md (#12185) zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubeconfig_all.md * zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_… (#12184) * zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_etcd_local.md zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_etcd_local.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_etcd_local.md * zh-trans: kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_upload.md (#12130) zh-trans: kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_upload.md * zh-trans: kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubeconfig_admin.md (#12131) zh-trans: kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubeconfig_admin.md * zh-trans: /docs/contribute/generate-ref-docs/kubernetes-api.md (#12141) Signed-off-by: liyuan198251 <li.yuan4@zte.com.cn> * zh-trans:/docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/imperative… (#12151) * zh-trans:/docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/imperative-config.md zh-trans:/docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/imperative-config.md * Update imperative-config.md * ZH-trans: added a blog post Chinese translation: 2018-05-01-developing-on-kubernetes.md (#12009) * added a blog post chinese translation * Update 2018-05-01-developing-on-kubernetes.md apply some suggested changes per review comments * Update 2018-05-01-developing-on-kubernetes.md cont to review and improve the wording, up to squash * more update and rewording * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_enable-dynamic.md (#12209) * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_enable-dynamic.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubelet_config_enable-dynamic.md * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_apiserver.md (#12210) * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_apiserver.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_apiserver.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_renew_apiserver.md * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_front-proxy-client.md (#12212) * fix docs style (#12225) * fix docs style fix docs style * fix docs style fix docs style * ZH-trans: add rbac.md (#12263) * ZH-trans: add rbac.md * Update rbac.md * ZH-trans: add persistent-volume-claim.md (#12264) * ZH-trans: add persistent-volume-claim.md * Update persistent-volume-claim.md * Update persistent-volume-claim.md * Update docker-cli-to-kubectl.md (#12288) * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_selfhosting_convert-from-staticpods.md (#12285) * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_selfhosting_convert-from-staticpods.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_selfhosting_convert-from-staticpods.md * ZH-trans: add coredns.md (#12282) * ZH-trans: add coredns.md * Update coredns.md * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_etcd-healthcheck-client.md (#12286) * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_etcd-healthcheck-client.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_certs_etcd-healthcheck-client.md * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubeconfig_kubelet.md (#12284) * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubeconfig_kubelet.md * Update kubeadm_alpha_phase_kubeconfig_kubelet.md * ZH-trans: add service-account.md (#12261) * ZH-trans: add service-account.md * Update service-account.md * ZH-trans: add security-context.md (#12262) * ZH-trans: add security-context.md * Update security-context.md * Update security-context.md * Update security-context.md * fix typo "_必须_" -> "必须" (#12300) fix typo "_必须_" -> "必须" * fix docs style error (#12307) fix docs style error * Create explore-interactive.html (#12311) * fix docs style error (#12314) fix docs style error * ZH-trans: add kube-controller-manager.md (#12260) * ZH-trans: add kube-controller-manager.md * Update kube-controller-manager.md * Update kube-controller-manager.md * Update kube-controller-manager.md * zh-trans: /docs/contribute/localization.md (#12295) Signed-off-by: liyuan198251 <li.yuan4@zte.com.cn> zh-trans: /docs/contribute/localization.md; update Signed-off-by: liyuan198251 <li.yuan4@zte.com.cn> zh-trans: /docs/contribute/localization.md; update2 Signed-off-by: liyuan198251 <li.yuan4@zte.com.cn> * ZH-trans: update tools.md (#12320) ZH-trans: update tools.md * ZH-trans: fix "kubead -config" -> "kubeadm-config" (#12319) * ZH-trans: update kubeadm_config.md * fix style error * correct "availability” trans for chinese (#12394) * ZH-trans:/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md (#12275) * configure-aggregation-layer.md * configure-aggregation-layer.md * configure-aggregation-layer.md * configure-aggregation-layer.md * Update configure-aggregation-layer.md * . * . * . * . * . * . * . * . * configure-aggregation-layer.md * . * . * Update configure-aggregation-layer.md * . * . * . * . * . * . * . * . * Translate some remnant partials for localization (#12240) * zh-trans: /docs/tasks/administer-cluster/limit-storage-consumption.md (#12415) * zh-trans: /docs/tasks/administer-cluster/limit-storage-consumption.md zh-trans: /docs/tasks/administer-cluster/limit-storage-consumption.md * Update limit-storage-consumption.md * Update limit-storage-consumption.md * update link to SSH tunneling (#12615) Signed-off-by: PingWang <wang.ping5@zte.com.cn> * zh-trans: update content/zh/docs/setup/certificates.md (#12620) * ZH-trans: add 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zh-trans:/docs/tasks/administer-federation/hpa.md & /docs/tasks/administer-cluster/extended-resource-node.md (#12432) * configure-aggregation-layer.md * configure-aggregation-layer.md * configure-aggregation-layer.md * configure-aggregation-layer.md * Update configure-aggregation-layer.md * . * . * . * . * . * . * . * . * configure-aggregation-layer.md * . * . * Update configure-aggregation-layer.md * . * . * . * . * . * Add arm64, ppc64le and s390x platforms for calico (#12666) Signed-off-by: PingWang <wang.ping5@zte.com.cn> add only Signed-off-by: PingWang <wang.ping5@zte.com.cn> * zh-trans: developing-cloud-controller-manager.md (#12413) * zh-trans: /docs/tasks/administer-cluster/developing-cloud-controller-manager.md zh-trans: /docs/tasks/administer-cluster/developing-cloud-controller-manager.md * Update developing-cloud-controller-manager.md * fix typo: delete useless "**" * Update developing-cloud-controller-manager.md * ZH-trans: add 2018-05-01-developing-on-kubernetes.md (#12814) * ZH-trans: update encrypt-data.md (#12939) * ZH-trans: update encrypt-data.md * Update encrypt-data.md * ZH-trans: add example-task-template.md (#12940) * ZH-trans: add example-task-template.md * Update example-task-template.md * Added Instana to tools (#12978) Instana is already available in the english version of the text, therefore I added it here too. 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(#12948) * ZH-trans: add dns-horizontal-autoscaling.md * Update dns-horizontal-autoscaling.md * Update dns-horizontal-autoscaling.md * zh-trans: update content/zh/docs/concepts/_index.md (#13182) * zh-trans: update content/zh/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/node.md (#13181) * Update dns-horizontal-autoscaling.md (#13119) * Update dns-horizontal-autoscaling.md * Update dns-horizontal-autoscaling.md * Update dns-horizontal-autoscaling.md * ZH-trans: add 2018-10-03-kubedirector.md (#13048) * ZH-trans: add 2018-10-03-kubedirector.md * Update 2018-10-03-kubedirector.md * Update 2018-10-03-kubedirector.md * ZH-trans: add guestbook.md (#12953) * ZH-trans: add guestbook.md * Update guestbook.md * Update guestbook.md * Update guestbook.md * Update guestbook.md * ZH-trans: add set-up-placement-policies-federation.md (#12947) * ZH-trans: add set-up-placement-policies-federation.md * update pull request * Update set-up-placement-policies-federation.md * Update 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zh-trans: /docs/contribute/style/write-new-topic.md (#12572) Signed-off-by: liyuan198251 <li.yuan4@zte.com.cn> zh-trans: /docs/contribute/style/write-new-topic.md; update Signed-off-by: liyuan198251 <li.yuan4@zte.com.cn> * zh-trans: update content/zh/docs/setup/salt.md (#13202) * zh-trans: add docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_token.md (#13198) * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_upgrade_diff.md (#13170) * ZH-trans: add kubeadm_upgrade_diff.md * Update kubeadm_upgrade_diff.md * Update kubeadm_upgrade_diff.md * zh-trans: update docs/reference/access-authn-authz/authorization.md (#13180) * zh-trans: update docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-config.md (#13179) * zh-trans: add docs/concepts/storage/dynamic-provisioning.md (#13171) * ZH-trans: add 2015-05-00-Kubernetes-On-Openstack.md (#13149) * ZH-trans: add Kubernetes开源项目产品经理 * Update 2015-05-00-Kubernetes-On-Openstack.md * ZH-trans: add 2015-03-00-Welcome-To-Kubernetes-Blog.md (#13131) * ZH-trans: add 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应用和系统日志可以让您了解集群内部的运行状况。日志对调试问题和监控集群活动非常有用。大部分现代化应用都有某种日志记录机制;同样地,大多数容器引擎也被设计成支持某种日志记录机制。针对容器化应用,最简单且受欢迎的日志记录方式就是写入标准输出和标准错误流。
但是,由容器引擎或 runtime 提供的原生功能通常不足以满足完整的日志记录方案。例如,如果发生容器崩溃、pod 被逐出或节点宕机等情况,您仍然想访问到应用日志。因此,日志应该具有独立的存储和生命周期,与节点、pod 或容器的生命周期相独立。这个概念叫 集群级的日志 。集群级日志方案需要一个独立的后台来存储、分析和查询日志。Kubernetes 没有为日志数据提供原生存储方案,但是您可以集成许多现有的日志解决方案到 Kubernetes 集群中。
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集群级日志架构假定在集群内部或者外部有一个日志后台。如果您对集群级日志不感兴趣,您仍会发现关于如何在节点上存储和处理日志的描述对您是有用的。
Kubernetes 中的基本日志记录
本节,您会看到一个kubernetes 中生成基本日志的例子,该例子中数据被写入到标准输出。 这里通过一个特定的 pod 规约 演示创建一个容器,并令该容器每秒钟向标准输出写入数据。
{{< codenew file="debug/counter-pod.yaml" >}}
用下面的命令运行 pod:
$ kubectl create -f https://k8s.io/examples/debug/counter-pod.yaml
pod/counter created
使用 kubectl logs 命令获取日志:
$ kubectl logs counter
0: Mon Jan 1 00:00:00 UTC 2001
1: Mon Jan 1 00:00:01 UTC 2001
2: Mon Jan 1 00:00:02 UTC 2001
...
一旦发生容器崩溃,您可以使用命令 kubectl logs 和参数 --previous 检索之前的容器日志。
如果 pod 中有多个容器,您应该向该命令附加一个容器名以访问对应容器的日志。
详见 kubectl logs 文档。
节点级日志记录
容器化应用写入 stdout 和 stderr 的任何数据,都会被容器引擎捕获并被重定向到某个位置。
例如,Docker 容器引擎将这两个输出流重定向到某个 日志驱动 ,
该日志驱动在 Kubernetes 中配置为以 json 格式写入文件。
{{< note >}} Docker json 日志驱动将日志的每一行当作一条独立的消息。该日志驱动不直接支持多行消息。您需要在日志代理级别或更高级别处理多行消息。 {{< /note >}}
默认情况下,如果容器重启,kubelet 会保留被终止的容器日志。 如果 pod 在工作节点被驱逐,该 pod 中所有的容器也会被驱逐,包括容器日志。
节点级日志记录中,需要重点考虑实现日志的轮转,以此来保证日志不会消耗节点上所有的可用空间。
Kubernetes 当前并不负责轮转日志,而是通过部署工具建立一个解决问题的方案。
例如,在 Kubernetes 集群中,用 kube-up.sh 部署一个每小时运行的工具 logrotate。
您也可以设置容器 runtime 来自动地轮转应用日志,比如使用 Docker 的 log-opt 选项。
在 kube-up.sh 脚本中,使用后一种方式来处理 GCP 上的 COS 镜像,而使用前一种方式来处理其他环境。
这两种方式,默认日志超过 10MB 大小时都会触发日志轮转。
例如,您可以找到关于 kube-up.sh 为 GCP 环境的 COS 镜像设置日志的详细信息,
相应的脚本在 [这里][cosConfigureHelper]。
当运行 kubectl logs 时,
节点上的 kubelet 处理该请求并直接读取日志文件,同时在响应中返回日志文件内容。
{{< note >}}
当前,如果有其他系统机制执行日志轮转,那么 kubectl logs 仅可查询到最新的日志内容。
比如,一个 10MB 大小的文件,通过logrotate 执行轮转后生成两个文件,一个 10MB 大小,一个为空,所以 kubectl logs 将返回空。
[cosConfigureHelper]: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/{{< param "githubbranch">}}/cluster/gce/gci/configure-helper.sh {{< /note >}}
系统组件日志
有两种类型的系统组件,运行在容器中的和未运行在容器中的。例如:
- 运行在容器中的 Kubernetes 调度器和 kube-proxy。
- 未运行在容器中的 kubelet 和容器 runtime,比如 Docker。
在使用 systemd 机制的服务器上,kubelet 和容器 runtime 写入日志到 journald。
如果没有 systemd,他们写入日志到 /var/log 目录的 .log 文件。
容器中的系统组件通常将日志写到 /var/log 目录,绕过了默认的日志机制。他们使用 glog 日志库。
您可以在日志开发文档找到这些组件的日志告警级别协议。
和容器日志类似,/var/log 目录中的系统组件日志也应该被轮转。
通过脚本 kube-up.sh 启动的 Kubernetes 集群中,日志被工具 logrotate 执行每日轮转,或者日志大小超过 100MB 时触发轮转。
集群级别日志架构
虽然 Kubernetes 并未提供原生的集群级记录日志方案,但是您可以考虑几种常见的方式。以下是一些选项:
- 使用运行在各个节点上的节点级日志代理。
- 在应用程序的 pod 中,包含专门记录日志的 sidecar 容器。
- 在应用程序中将日志直接推送到后台。
使用节点级日志代理
您可以在每个节点上使用 节点级的日志代理 来实现集群级日志记录。 日志代理是专门的工具,它会暴露出日志或将日志推送到后台。 通常来说,日志代理是一个容器,这个容器可以访问这个节点上所有应用容器的日志目录。
因为日志代理必须在每个节点上运行,所以通常的实现方式为,DaemonSet 副本、manifest pod 或者专用于本地的进程。 但是后两种方式已被弃用并且不被推荐。
对于 Kubernetes 集群来说,使用节点级的日志代理是最常用和被推荐的方式,因为在每个节点上仅创建一个代理,并且不需要对节点上的应用做修改。 但是,节点级的日志 仅适用于应用程序的标准输出和标准错误输出。
Kubernetes 并不指定日志代理,但是有两个可选的日志代理与 Kubernetes 发行版一起发布。 Stackdriver 日志 适用于 Google Cloud Platform,和 Elasticsearch。 您可以在专门的文档中找到更多的信息和说明。两者都使用 fluentd 与自定义配置作为节点上的代理。
使用 sidecar 容器和日志代理
您可以通过以下方式之一使用 sidecar 容器:
- sidecar 容器将应用程序日志传送到自己的标准输出。
- sidecar 容器运行一个日志代理,配置该日志代理以便从应用容器收集日志。
传输数据流的 sidecar 容器
利用 sidecar 容器向自己的 stdout 和 stderr 传输流的方式,您就可以利用每个节点上的 kubelet 和日志代理来处理日志。
sidecar 容器从文件,socket 或 journald 读取日志。每个 sidecar 容器打印其自己的 stdout 和 stderr 流。
这种方式允许您分离出不同的日志流,这些日志流来自您应用的不同功能,其中一些可能缺乏对写入 stdout 和 stderr 的支持。
重定向背后的逻辑很小,所以不会是很严重的开销。
除此之外,因为 kubelet 处理 stdout 和 stderr,所以您照样可以使用 kubectl logs 工具。
考虑接下来的例子。pod 的容器向两个文件写不同格式的日志,下面是这个 pod 的配置文件:
{{< codenew file="admin/logging/two-files-counter-pod.yaml" >}}
在同一个日志流中有两种不同格式的日志条目,这有点混乱,即使您试图重定向它们到容器的 stdout 流。
取而代之的是,您可以引入两个 sidecar 容器。
每一个 sidecar 容器可以从共享卷跟踪特定的日志文件,并重定向文件内容到各自的 stdout 流。
这是运行两个 sidecar 容器的 pod 文件。
{{< codenew file="admin/logging/two-files-counter-pod-streaming-sidecar.yaml" >}}
现在当您运行这个 pod 时,您可以分别地访问每一个日志流,运行如下命令:
$ kubectl logs counter count-log-1
0: Mon Jan 1 00:00:00 UTC 2001
1: Mon Jan 1 00:00:01 UTC 2001
2: Mon Jan 1 00:00:02 UTC 2001
...
$ kubectl logs counter count-log-2
Mon Jan 1 00:00:00 UTC 2001 INFO 0
Mon Jan 1 00:00:01 UTC 2001 INFO 1
Mon Jan 1 00:00:02 UTC 2001 INFO 2
...
无需深入配置,集群中的节点级代理即可自动地收集流日志。如果您愿意,您可以配置代理程序来解析源容器的日志行。
注意,尽管 CPU 和内存使用率都很低(以多个 cpu millicores 指标排序或者按 memory 的兆字节排序),
向文件写日志然后输出到 stdout 流仍然会成倍地增加磁盘使用率。
如果您的应用向单一文件写日志,通常最好设置 /dev/stdout 作为目标路径,而不是使用流式的 sidecar 容器方式。
应用本身如果不具备轮转日志文件的功能,可以通过 sidecar 容器实现。
该方式的 例子 是运行一个定期轮转日志的容器。
然而,还是推荐直接使用 stdout 和 stderr,将日志的轮转和保留策略交给 kubelet。
具有日志代理功能的 sidecar 容器
如果节点级的日志代理对您的环境来说不够灵活,您可以在 sidecar 容器中创建一个独立的、专门为您的应用而配置的日志代理。
{{< note >}}
在 sidecar 容器中使用日志代理会导致严重的资源损耗。此外,您不能使用 kubectl logs 命令访问日志,因为日志并没有被 kubelet 管理。
{{< /note >}}
例如,您可以使用 Stackdriver,它用 fluentd 作为日志代理。 这是实现此种方式的两个配置文件。 第一个文件包含配置 fluentd 的 ConfigMap。
{{< codenew file="admin/logging/fluentd-sidecar-config.yaml" >}}
{{< note >}} fluentd 的配置文件已经超出了本文的讨论范畴。 有关配置 fluentd 的更多信息,请见 官方 fluentd 文档。 {{< /note >}}
第二个文件描述了运行 fluentd sidecar 容器的 pod 。flutend 通过 pod 的挂载卷获取它的配置数据。
{{< codenew file="admin/logging/two-files-counter-pod-agent-sidecar.yaml" >}}
一段时间后,您可以在 Stackdriver 界面看到日志消息。
记住,这只是一个例子,事实上您可以用任何一个日志代理替换 fluentd ,并从应用容器中读取任何资源。
从应用中直接暴露日志目录
通过暴露或推送每个应用的日志,您可以实现集群级日志记录;然而,这种日志记录机制的实现已超出 Kubernetes 的范围。
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