Files
website/content/ja/docs/concepts/services-networking/connect-applications-service.md
Vineeth Pothulapati 63f30b086a Sync up between dev-1.18 and master branches (#19055)
* Fixed outdated ECR credential debug message (#18631)

* Fixed outdated ECR credential debug message

The log message for troubleshooting kubelet auto fetching ECR credentils issue has been changed (noticed since 1.14), and the new message reads like this when verbose log level is set to 3:

      - `aws_credentials.go:109] unable to get ECR credentials from cache, checking ECR API`
      - `aws_credentials.go:116] Got ECR credentials from ECR API for <Your ECR AWS Account ID>.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com`

This is based on the kubelet source code: 
    https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/release-1.14/pkg/credentialprovider/aws/aws_credentials.go#L91

This PR is to fix this and to avoid confusion for more people who are troubleshooting the kubelet ECR issue.

* Update content/en/docs/concepts/containers/images.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Fix deployment name in docs/tasks/administer-cluster/dns-horizontal-autoscaling.md (#18772)

* ru/docs/tutorials/hello-minikube.md: sync with English translation. (#18687)

* content/ru/docs/concepts/_index.md: use English names for kinds. (#18613)

* Fix French typo in "when" section (#18786)

* First Japanese l10n work for release-1.16 (#18790)

* Translate concepts/services-networking/connect-applications-service/ into Japanese (#17710)

* Translate concepts/services-networking/connect-applications-service/ into Japanese

* Apply review

* Translate content/ja/docs/tasks/_index.md into Japanese (#17789)

* add task index

* huge page

* ja-docs: Update kops Installation Steps (#17804)

* Update /ja/docs/tasks/tools/install-minikube/ (#17711)

* Update /ja/docs/tasks/tools/install-minikube/

* Apply review

* Apply review

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/tools/install-minikube.md

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/tools/install-minikube.md

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Translate tasks/configure-pod-container/assign-cpu-resource/ in Japanese (#16160)

* copy from content/en/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/ to ja

* translate assign-cpu-resource.md in Japanese

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/assign-cpu-resource.md

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/assign-cpu-resource.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update assign-cpu-resource.md

ここの *request* と *limit* はほかの文中の単語とは異なり、YAMLのfieldを表すため、訳さないでおく

* fix translation

"Pod scheduling is based on requests." の箇所。
requestsに基づいているのは事実だが、直訳されたときになにを指すのかあいまいなので、対象を具体的に記述

* Translate concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/ in Japanese #14848 (#17794)

* ja-trans: Translate concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/ into Japanese (#14848)

* ja-trans: Improve Japanese translation in concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/ (#14848)

* ja-trans: Improve Japanese translation in concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/ (#14848)

* ja-trans: Improve Japanese translation in concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/ (#14848)

* little fix (#18135)

* update index (#18136)

* Update /ja/docs/setup/_index.md (#18139)

* Update /ja/docs/tasks/tools/install-kubectl/ (#18137)

* update /docs/ja/tasks/tools/install-kubectl/

* fix mongon

* apply reveiw

* Update /ja/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/ (#18141)

* Update feature agete

* tidy up feature gates list

* translate new lines

* table caption

* blank

* する -> します

* apply review

* fix broken link

* Update content/ja/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* update translation

* remove line

* Update content/ja/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* rollpack

* Update /ja/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/ (#18138)

* update /ja/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/

* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/services-networking/service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/services-networking/service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/services-networking/service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/services-networking/service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* consider Endpoints as a Kubernetes resource

* full

* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/_index.md (#18145)

* Update concepts

* control plane

* apply review

* fix bold (#18165)

* Update /ja/docs/concepts/overview/components.md (#18153)

* update /ja/docs/concepts/overview/components.md

* some japanese docs are already there

* translate prepend

* apply upstream changes (#18278)

* Translate concepts/services-networking/ingress into Japanese #17741 (#18234)

* ja-trans: Translate concepts/services-networking/ingress into Japanese (#17741)

* ja-trans: Improve Japanese translation in concepts/services-networking/ingress (#17741)

* ja-trans: Improve Japanese translation in concepts/services-networking/ingress (#17741)

* Update pod overview in Japanese (#18277)

* Update pod-overview

* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview.md

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* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview.md

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* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview.md

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* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview.md

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* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview.md

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* ノード

* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview.md

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* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Translate concepts/scheduling/scheduler-perf-tuning/ in Japanese #17119 (#17796)

* ja-trans: Translate concepts/scheduling/scheduler-perf-tuning/ into Japanese (#17119)

* ja-trans: Improve Japanese translation in concepts/scheduling/scheduler-perf-tuning/ (#17119)

* ja-trans: Improve Japanese translation in concepts/scheduling/scheduler-perf-tuning/ (#17119)

* ja-trans:conetent/ja/casestudies/nav (#18450)

* Translate tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service/ in Japanese (#18395)

* Translate tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service/ in Japanese

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

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* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

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* Change all `Pods` to `Pod` and `Endpoints` to `Endpoint`

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

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* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

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* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

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* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

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* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

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* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

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* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

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* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

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* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Updated content pointed out in review

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Apply suggestions from review

* Apply suggestions form review

* Apply suggestions from review

* Apply suggestions from review

* Apply suggestions from code review

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* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>
Co-authored-by: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Translate concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/custom-resources/ into Japanese (#18200)

* Translate concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/custom-resources/ into Japanese

* Apply suggestions from code review between L1 an L120 by oke-py

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Apply suggestions from code review by oke-py

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update CustomResourceDefinition not to localize into Japanese

* Revert the link to customresourcedefinitions to English

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Apply suggestions from code review by oke-py and inductor

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>
Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Apply a suggestion from review by inductor

* Apply a suggestion from code review by oke-py

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Translate tasks/configure-pod-container/quality-service-pod/ into Japanese (#16173)

* copy from content/en/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/quality-service-pod.md to Ja

* Translate tasks/configure-pod-container/quality-service-pod/ into Japanese

Guaranteed, Burstable, BestEffortは用語として存在するので訳さない

Signed-off-by: Takuma Hashimoto <takumaxd+github@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/quality-service-pod.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/quality-service-pod.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/quality-service-pod.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/quality-service-pod.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Translate content/ja/docs/reference/kubectl/cheatsheet.md (#17739) (#18285)

* Translate content/ja/docs/reference/kubectl/cheatsheet.md (#17739)

* Translated kubectl cheet sheet.

* Fix typos in content/ja/docs/reference/kubectl/cheatsheet.md (#17739)

* Fix japanese style in content/ja/docs/reference/kubectl/cheatsheet.md

* Fix typo in content/ja/docs/reference/kubectl/cheatsheet.md

* Fix translation in content/ja/docs/reference/kubectl/cheatsheet.md

* Fix typo in content/ja/docs/reference/kubectl/cheatsheet.md

* Fix typo in content/ja/docs/reference/kubectl/cheatsheet.md

* Modify translation for casestudies (#18767)

* modify terminology

* add ten

* update translation

* update

* update

* update

* fix typo (#18769)

* remove english comment (#18770)

* ja-trans:conetent/ja/casestudies/spotify  (#18451)

* ja-trans: content/ja/case-studies/spotify

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Updated with the proposal  from inductor

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Updated with inductor 's proposal

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* ja-trans: content/ja/case-studies/spotify

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

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* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

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* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

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* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

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* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

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* Translate Japanese headers (#18776)

* translate headers

* add index for references

* Update content/ja/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/_index.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* translate controller

Co-authored-by: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* ja-docs: translate install-kubeadm into Japanese (#18198)

* ja-docs: translate install-kubeadm into Japanese

* translate table title in install-kubeadm to Japanese

* update kubeadm install doc

* remove extra spaces

* fix translation miss

* translate url title into japanese

* fix translation miss

* remove line break in sentence and translate title

* remove extra line break

* remove extra line break

* fix translation miss

Co-authored-by: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Samuel Kihahu <kihahu@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Takuma Hashimoto <takuma-hashimoto@freee.co.jp>
Co-authored-by: Keita Akutsu <kakts.git@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Masa Taniguchi <maabou512@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Soto Sugita <sotoiwa@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Kozzy Hasebe <48105562+hasebe@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: kazuaki harada <canhel.4suti50y.salamander@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Shunsuke Miyoshi <s.miyoshi@jp.fujitsu.com>

* delete zh SEE ALSO(51-54) (#18788)

* Added missing brackets in markdown (#18783)

* Fix broken links in api_changes doc (#18743)

* fix jump (#18781)

* fix redundant note (#18780)

* Fix typo: default-manager -> default-scheduler (#18709)

like #18649 #18708

* fix issue #18738 (#18773)

Signed-off-by: Dominic Yin <yindongchao@inspur.com>

* Correct description of kubectl (#18172)

* Correct description of kubectl

Given that `kubectl` is not a [command line interface (CLI)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command-line_interface), I suggest calling it what it is -- a control utility (ctl = control). The term "tool" is commonly used in place of "utility," including the `kubectl` docs.

A CLI presents the user with a command prompt at which the user can enter multiple command lines that a command-line interpreter interprets and processes. Think of `bash`, `emacs`, or a SQL shell.  Since `kubectl` is not run in a shell, it is not a CLI.

Here are related docs that correctly refer to `kubectl` as a "command-line tool":

- https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/tools/#kubectl
- https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/glossary/?fundamental=true#term-kubectl
- https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/install-kubectl/
- https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/kubectl/

* Update content/en/docs/reference/kubectl/overview.md

Co-Authored-By: Zach Corleissen <zacharysarah@users.noreply.github.com>

Co-authored-by: Zach Corleissen <zacharysarah@users.noreply.github.com>

* Add blog post: Reviewing 2019 in Docs (#18662)

Tiny fix

Feedback from onlydole

Add missing link

Incremental fixes

Revise Jim's job title

Update content/en/blog/_posts/2020-01-17-Docs-Review-2019.md

Co-Authored-By: Celeste Horgan <celeste@cncf.io>

Feedback from celeste, change date

* Update OWNERS_ALIASES (#18803)

* Create Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md (#16869)

* Create Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-authored-by: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* blog: introduce CSI support for ephemeral inline volumes (#16832)

* csi-ephemeral-inline-volumes: introduce CSI support for ephemeral inline volumes

This was alpha in Kubernetes 1.15 and became beta in 1.16. Several CSI
drivers already support it (soon...).

* csi-ephemeral-inline-volumes: bump date and address feedback (NodeUnpublishVolume)

* csi-ephemeral-inline-volumes: add examples and next steps

* csi-ephemeral-inline-volumes: rename file, minor edits

* csi-ephemeral-inline-volumes: include Docker example

* Create 2019-12-10-Gamified-Chaos-Engineering-Tool-for-Kubernetes.md (#18062)

* Create 2019-12-10-Gamified-Chaos-Engineering-Tool-for-Kubernetes.md

* Update and rename 2019-12-10-Gamified-Chaos-Engineering-Tool-for-Kubernetes.md to 2019-01-16-Gamified-Chaos-Engineering-Tool-for-Kubernetes.md

* Update 2019-01-16-Gamified-Chaos-Engineering-Tool-for-Kubernetes.md

* Update and rename 2019-01-16-Gamified-Chaos-Engineering-Tool-for-Kubernetes.md to 2019-01-22-Gamified-Chaos-Engineering-Tool-for-Kubernetes.md

Co-authored-by: Kaitlyn Barnard <kaitlynbarnard10@gmail.com>

* Revert "Create Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md (#16869)" (#18805)

This reverts commit 2c4545e105.

* add blog k8s on mips (#18795)

* add blog k8s on mips

* modify english title to chinese

* modify some error

* Remove user-journeys legacy content #18615 (#18779)

* Use monospace for HostFolder and VM in the French Minikube setup guide. (#18749)

* Add French version of persistent volume page concept page (#18706)

* Add French version of persistent volume page concept page

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* sync content/zh/docs/reference/issues-security/ en zh (#18727)

* update zh-translation: /docs/concepts/storage/volume-snapshots.md (#18650)

* Clean up user journeys content for zh (#18815)

* Followup fixes for: Add resource version section to api-concepts (#18069)

* Followup fixes for: Add resource version section to api-concepts documentation

* Apply feedback

* Apply feedback

* Switch paragraph to active voice

* Add Community and Code of Conduct for ID (#18828)

* Add additional ways to contribute part to update zh doc (#18762)

* Add additional ways to contribute part to update zh doc

* Add original English text

* Update content/zh/docs/contribute/_index.md

Co-Authored-By: chentanjun <tanjunchen20@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: chentanjun <tanjunchen20@gmail.com>

* Clean up extensions/v1beta1 in docs (#18839)

* fix an example path (#18848)

* Translating network plugins (#17184)

* Fix for a typo (#18822)

* tą instalację -> tę instalację / (https://sjp.pwn.pl/poradnia/haslo/te-czy-ta;1598.html) (#18801)

* Fix typo in Scalability section (#18866)

The phrase `very larger` is not valid, it is supposed to be either `very
large` or `larger`. Propose to have it `very large`.

Signed-off-by: Mariyan Dimitrov <mariyan.dimitrov@gmail.com>

* Add Polish translation of Contribute index page (#18775)

Co-Authored-By: Michał Sochoń <kaszpir@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: Michał Sochoń <kaszpir@gmail.com>

* Clean up extensions/v1beta1 in docs (#18838)

* Add Indonesian Manage Compute Resources page (#18468)

* Add Indonesian Manage Compute Resources page

* Updates to id Manage Compute Resources page

* Add DaemonSet docs ID localization (#18632)

Signed-off-by: giovanism <giovanism@outlook.co.id>

* Fix typo in en/docs/contribute/style/content-guilde.md (#18862)

* partial fix for SEE ALSO section under content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/ need to be deleted #18411 (#18875)

* See Also removed file 31

* see also removed file 32

* see also removed file 33

* see also removed file 34

* see also removed file 35

* Modify pod.md (#18818)

website/content/ko/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod.md
23 line
쿠버네티스는는 -> 쿠버네티스는
modify

* remove $ following the style guide (#18855)

* Add Hyperlink to Kubernetes API (#18852)

* Drive by copy edit of blog post (#18881)

* Medium copy edit.

* more fixes

* Translate Events Calendar (#18860)

* Adding Bahasa Indonesia translation for Device Plugin page #18676 (#18676)

Co-Authored-By: Gede Wahyu Adi Pramana <tokekbesi@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: Gede Wahyu Adi Pramana <tokekbesi@gmail.com>

* change escaped chars to markdown (#18858)

Helps to keep doc clean for long term

* Fix header layout on Safari (#18888)

* Fix references to sig-docs-l10n-admins (#18661)

* Add French deployment concept page (#18516)

* Add French deployment concept page

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Update content/fr/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Update content/fr/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Update content/fr/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Update content/fr/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Update content/fr/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Fix ZH security aliases (#18895)

* disable simplytunde as an approver due to inactivity. (#18899)

Always welcome to come back if able to become active
again

Signed-off-by: Brad Topol <btopol@us.ibm.com>

* install container runtimes without prompts (#18893)

In Kubernetes docs, all of the packages that are required to set up the
Kubernetes are installed without requiring any prompts through
the package manager (like apt or yum) except for the container runtimes.

https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/production-environment/container-runtimes/

So, it would be better to have these installations with prompts (yes) disabled.

* Fix small typos (#18886)

* Fix small typos

Small typos noticed and fixed in:

- configure-upgrade-etcd.md

- reconfigure-kubelet.md

Signed-off-by: Mariyan Dimitrov <mariyan.dimitrov@gmail.com>

* Rephrase a paragraph on etcd upgrade

en\docs\tasks\administer-cluster\configure-upgrade-etcd.md

Following a suggestion in #18886, I've rephrased a sentence on etcd
upgrade prerequisites.

Signed-off-by: Mariyan Dimitrov <mariyan.dimitrov@gmail.com>

* Clean up extensions/v1beta1 in docs (#18841)

* Update _index.md (#18825)

* Run minikube docker-env in a shell-independent way (#18823)

* doc: correct pv status for pv protection example. (#18816)

* Small editorial fixes in glossary entries (#18807)

* Small editorial fixes in glossary entries

* Revert the wording in the glossary term for proxy

* fix doc conflict regarding postStart (#18806)

* kubeadm: improvements to the cert management documentation (#18397)

- move the sections about custom certificates and external CA
to the kubeadm-certs page
- minor cleanups to the kubeadm-certs page, including updated output
for the check-expiration command
- link the implementation details page to the new locations
for custom certs and external CA

* fix doc conflict regarding postStart

* Grammar (#18785)

* grammar: 'to' distributes over 'or'

* grammar: reword

per app.grammarly.com

* grammar: simplify

from app.grammarly.com

* spelling: etc.

* feat: add ephermeral container approach inside pod debug page. (#18754)

* doc: add pod security policy reference link to document. (#18729)

* doc: add pod security policy reference link to document.

* doc: add what's next for pod-security-policy ref.

* Revise version requirements (#18688)

Assume that the reader is running a version of Kubernetes that supports
the Secret resource.

* en: Remove kubectl duplicate example (#18656)

With #16974 and the removal of --include-uninitialized flag, the
second
    and third examples of kubectl delete become equal, thus leading to
    duplication and being confusing. Suggest to remove the duplicate and
    replace it with another example in the future if needed.

    Observed in v1.16 and v1.17 documentation.

    Signed-off-by: Mariyan Dimitrov <mariyan.dimitrov@gmail.com>

* Fix typo for tasks/access-kubernetes-api/configure-aggregation-layer.md (#18652)

* Unify runtime references (#18493)

- Use the glossary to correctly reference runtimes
- Updated runtime class documentation for CRI-O
- Removed rktlet from runtimes since its EOL

Signed-off-by: Sascha Grunert <sgrunert@suse.com>

* Clean up admission controller deprecation example (#18399)

* sync zh-trans content/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/ephemeral-containers.md (#18883)

* Remove redundant information when deploy flannel on kubernetes include windows node (#18272)

* sync zh-trans content/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview.md (#18882)

* partial fix for for SEE ALSO section under content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/ need to be deleted (#18879)

* see also removed from file 36

* see also removed from file 37

* see also removed from file 38

* see also removed from file 39

* see also removed from file 40

* update zh content/zh/docs/contribute/style/write-new-topic.md (#18859)

* sync zh-trans /docs/concepts/_index.md and /docs/concepts/example-concept-template.md (#18863)

* See also removed file 56 & 57 (#18912)

* see also removed file 56

* see also removed file 57

* Third Korean L10n Work For Release 1.17 (#18915)

* Changed some words in the IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack korean doc. (#18668)

* Update to Outdated files in dev-1.17-ko.3 branch. (#18580)

* Translate content/ko/docs/concepts/services-networking/service in Korean (#18195)

* Translate docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/port-forward-access-application-cluster.md in Korean (#18721)

* Translate controllers/garbage-collection.md in Korean. (#18595)

Co-Authored-by: Seokho Son <shsongist@gmail.com>
Co-Authored-by: Lawrence Kay <lkay9495@hotmail.com>
Co-Authored-by: Jesang Myung <jesang.myung@gmail.com>
Co-Authored-by: Claudia J.Kang <claudiajkang@gmail.com>
Co-Authored-by: Yuk, Yongsu <ysyukr@gmail.com>
Co-Authored-By: June Yi <june.yi@samsung.com>

Co-authored-by: Yuk, Yongsu <ysyukr@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Seokho Son <shsongist@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Lawrence Kay <me@lkaybob.pe.kr>
Co-authored-by: Jesang Myung <jesang.myung@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: June Yi <june.yi@samsung.com>

* clean up makefile, config (#18517)

Added target for createversiondirs (shell script) in Makefile.

updates for tagged release

regenerate api ref, rm Makefile_temp

add parens to pip check

* Improve Russian translation of Home page (#17841)

* Improve Russian translation of Home page

* Update i18n/ru.toml

Co-Authored-By: Slava Semushin <slava.semushin@gmail.com>

* Update content/ru/_index.html

Co-Authored-By: Slava Semushin <slava.semushin@gmail.com>

* Update content/ru/_index.html

Co-Authored-By: Slava Semushin <slava.semushin@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: Slava Semushin <slava.semushin@gmail.com>

* update ref link for v1.16 (#18837)

Related to issue #18820.

remove links to prev API refs

* Cleanup user journeys related configs and scripts (#18814)

* See also removed file 81 to 85 (#18909)

* see also removed file 81

* see also removed file 82

* see also removed file 83

* see also removed file 84

* see also removed file 85

* See also removed file 65 to 70 (#18908)

* see also removed file 65

* see also removed file 66

* see also removed file 67

* see also removed file 68

* see also removed file 69

* see also removed file 70

* Translate Task index page into Polish (#18876)

Co-Authored-By: Karol Pucyński <kpucynski@gmail.com>
Co-Authored-By: Michał Sochoń <kaszpir@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: Karol Pucyński <9209870+kpucynski@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Michał Sochoń <kaszpir@gmail.com>

* Document dry-run authorization requirements (#18235)

* Document dry-run write access requirement.

- Add section on dry-run authorization
- Refer to dry-run authorization for diff
- Consistently hyphenate dry-run

* Update content/en/docs/reference/using-api/api-concepts.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* reword storage release note to match the change in k/k PR #87090 (#18921)

* sync zh-trans content/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/ttlafterfinished.md (#18868)

* See also removed file 60 to 63 (#18907)

* see also removed file 60

* see also removed file 61

* see also removed file 62

* see also removed file 63

* See also removed file 91 to 95 (#18910)

* see also removed file 91

* see also removed file 93

* see also removed file 94

* see also removed file 95

* content/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/podpreset.md (#18870)

* fix: fixed eating initial 2 spaces inside code. (#18914)

* Update Calico section of kubeadm install guide (#18821)

* Update Calico section of kubeadm install guide

* Address review feedback

* See also removed file 96 to 100 (#18911)

* see also removed file 96

* see also removed file 97

* see also removed file 98

* see also removed file 99

* see also removed file 100

* repair zh docs in kubeadm (#18949)

* repair zh docs about kubeadm (#18950)

* Update apparmor.md (#18951)

* Update basic-stateful-set.md (#18952)

* Add missing hyperlink for pod-overhead (#18936)

* Update service.md (#18480)

make article reads more smoothly

* zh-trans update content/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deploy… (#18657)

* zh-trans update content/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment.md

* zh-trans update content\zh\docs\concepts\workloads\controllers\deployment.md

* Update source-ip documentation (#18760)

* sync zh-trans /docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod.md (#18880)

* sync zh-trans /docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/cron-jobs.md and /docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/daemonset.md (#18864)

* sync zh-trans content/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/ttlafterfinished.md (#18867)

* Add a French version of Secret concept page (#18604)

* Add a French version of Secret concept page

* Fix

* Fix

* Update content/fr/docs/concepts/configuration/secret.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Fix

* Update content/fr/docs/concepts/configuration/secret.md

Co-Authored-By: Aurélien Perrier <aperrier@universe.sh>

* Fix

Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>
Co-authored-by: Aurélien Perrier <aperrier@universe.sh>

* (refactor): Corrections (grammatical) in service.md file (#18944)

* Update service.md

* Fixed the invaild changes

Signed-off-by: Udit Gaurav <uditgaurav@gmail.com>

* Update container-runtimes.md (#18608)

for debian install of docker, also install gnupg2 for apt-key add to work

* Fix that dual-stack does not require Kubenet specifically (#18924)

* Fix that dual-stack does not require Kubenet specifically

Rather it requires a network plugin that supports dual-stack, and
others are available, including Calico.

* Update content/en/docs/tasks/network/validate-dual-stack.md

Added link to doc about network plugins

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Revert "Configurable Scaling for the HPA (#18157)" (#18963)

This reverts commit 5dbfaafe1a.

* Update horizontal-pod-autoscale-walkthrough.md (#18960)

Update command for creating php-apache deployment due to the following warning: `kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl run --generator=run-pod/v1 or kubectl create instead.`

* doc: add link for type=LoadBalancer service in tutorial. (#18916)

* Typo fix (#18830)

* sync zh-trans content/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/statefulset.md (#18869)

* Revise pull request template (#18744)

* Revise pull request template

* Reference compiled docs in PR template

Refer readers to https://k8s.io/contribute/start/

This keeps the template short, and it lets Hugo use templating for
the current version.

* Update certificates.md (#18970)

* Add web-ui-dashboard to French (#17974)

* Add web-ui-dashboard to French

* Update content/fr/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/web-ui-dashboard.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Update content/fr/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/web-ui-dashboard.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Update content/fr/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/web-ui-dashboard.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Added a translated code of conduct (#18981)

* Added a translated code of conduct

* fixed some minor mistakes and capitalization

* Moved to informal speech

* Translate the contribute advanced page to French (#13425)

* Translate the contribute advanced page to French

* Corrections

* Correction

* Correction

* Correction

* Correction

* Correction

* Fix typo in hello-minikube.md (#18991)

* Add note for LB behaviour for cordoned nodes. (#18784)

* Add note for LB behaviour for cordoned nodes.

See also https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/65013
This is a reasonably common pitfall: `kubectl cordon <all nodes>` will also drop all LB traffic to the cluster, but this is not documented anywhere but in issues, when found it is usually already too late.

* Update with feedback

* Add KIND as the options for spinning up a test kubernetes environment (#17860)

* fix typo in /ja/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/init-containers (#18997)

* hide some original comments in translate docs (#18986)

* hide original comment

* hide some original comments

* Fix code of conduct title (#19006)

* Added a note about built-in priority-classes (#18979)

* Added a note about build-in priority-classes

* Update content/en/docs/concepts/configuration/pod-priority-preemption.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Add description for TTL (#19001)

* Fix whitespace on deployment page (#18990)

* Add details to the API deprecations blog post (#19014)

* Document list/map/structType and listMapKeys (#18977)

These markers where introduced to describe topology of lists, maps,
structs - primarily in support of server-side apply.

Secondarily, a small typo fix:)

* Remove "Unschedulable" pod condition type from the pod lifecycle docs (#18956)

The pod lifecycle documentation erroneously indicated `Unschedulable` as a possible `type` of pod condition. That's not true. Only four condition types exist. The `Unschedulable` value is not a type, but one of the possible reasons of the `PodScheduled` condition type.

* Revise “Encrypting Secret Data at Rest” (#18810)

* Drop reference to old Kubernetes versions

At the time of writing, Kubernetes v1.13 is the oldest supported
version, and encryption-at-rest is no longer alpha.

* Tidy whitespace

* Add table caption

* Set metadata for required Kubernetes version

* maintain the current relative path when switching to other site versions (#18871)

* Update kubectl create configmap section (#18885)

* Add common examples to Service Topology documentation (#18712)

* service topology: add missing 'enabling service topology' page

Signed-off-by: Andrew Sy Kim <kiman@vmware.com>

* service topology: add common examples

Signed-off-by: Andrew Sy Kim <kiman@vmware.com>

* updating contrib for ref docs (#18787)

more cleanup

* fix translate docs format (#19018)

* Update nodes.md (#19019)

* Translate Contribute index page into Russian (#19022)

* Added german translation for Addons page (#19010)

* Added german translation for Addons page

* Smaller adjustments

* removed a english leftover-sentence
* consistent spelling of "Add-Ons"

* Removed english entry for CoreDNS

* Update content/de/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Translated a heading

Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* (fix) Removed `-n test` from `kubectl get pv` command (#18877)

- PV are cluster scoped rather than namespaced scope
    - So, there is no need to list it by namespace

Signed-off-by: Aman Gupta <aman.gupta@mayadata.io>

* Link to setup page about Kind (#18996)

Link from /docs/setup/ to /docs/setup/learning-environment/kind/ now
that the target page exists.

* Create Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md (#18808)

* Create Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Document control plane monitoring

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* Refined unclear sentence on 3rd party dependencies

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* Update content/en/docs/concepts/security/overview.md

Sounds much better

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* Adopt website style guidelines

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- Use glossary tooltips in summary
- Use sentence case for headings
- Write kubelet in lowercase where appropriate
- Add “What's next” section

* fix: add dns search record limit note. (#18913)

* Remove duplicate content: Roles & Responsibilities (#18920)

* Remove duplicate content: Roles & Responsibilities

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Address feedback

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* Apply suggestions from review

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* Link to contribution guidelines

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* Fix of pull request #18960

* Add yaml configuration file snippets

* Remove redundant code snippet for  command

* Update cheatsheet.md (#18975)

* Update cheatsheet.md

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The URL points to the docs related to how to configure metricbeat on k8s

* Filebeat is the next thing

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The URLs had changed (and were being redirected). Also, added parameters to better identify the traffic source.

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When running the `kubectl patch` example, on Windows systems you get an
error when passing the patch request in single quotes. Passing it in
double quotes with the inner ones escaped produced the desired behavior
as is in the example given for Linux systems. I've added a small note
for Windows users to have that in mind.

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* Use Hugo note shortcode

Windows note is placed inside a
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to be consistent with the style guide.

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* Remove shell Markdown syntax

I've removed the shell syntax from the Windows example and have changed
the description to be the same as the one used in
[jsonpath](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/jsonpath/)
document to be more consistent. The jsonpath example uses cmd syntax,
though it is note inside a note shortcode, therefore I've opted out of
using any syntax as it seems to break rendering inside the shortcode.

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* Add cmd markdown syntax and fix order list

I've tested this locally with `make docker-serve` on my Linux machine
and finally things are looking better, I've managed to address these two
issues:

- the Windows example is now inside `note` shortcode and also the cmd
syntax renders correctly on the page

- the list of steps broke after the first one, I've indented a paragraph
and now the steps are in the expected order

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* Remove command prompt from example

According to the [style guide](https://kubernetes.io/docs/contribute/style/style-guide/#don-t-include-the-command-prompt), the command prompt should not be included when showing an example. This commit removes it for consistency with the style guide.

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* cleanup /docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/ (#19009)

* update nodes.md (#18987)

将“用量低”更改为“可用量低”,避免歧义

* Remove command prompt from Windows example (#18906)

* Remove command prompt from Windows example

According to the [style
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the command prompt should not be included in the examples. Removing the
Windows command prompt from the jsonpath example.

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* Put Windows example inside note shortcode

I'm putting the Windows example in a Hug note shortcode to be consistent
with the rest of the documentation.

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* Updated CHANGELOG-11 link (#19036)

* update command used to create deployment (#19005)

The previous one was showing a deprecation warning when used.

* Update Korean localization guide (#19004)

rev1-Update Korean localization guide

* docs: fix broken etcd's official documents link (#19021)

* Update automated-tasks-with-cron-jobs.md (#19043)

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サービスとアプリケーションの接続 templates/concept 30

{{% capture overview %}}

コンテナを接続するためのKubernetesモデル

継続的に実行され、複製されたアプリケーションの準備ができたので、ネットワーク上で公開することが可能になります。 Kubernetesのネットワークのアプローチについて説明する前に、Dockerの「通常の」ネットワーク手法と比較することが重要です。

デフォルトでは、Dockerはホストプライベートネットワーキングを使用するため、コンテナは同じマシン上にある場合にのみ他のコンテナと通信できます。 Dockerコンテナがノード間で通信するには、マシンのIPアドレスにポートを割り当ててから、コンテナに転送またはプロキシする必要があります。 これは明らかに、コンテナが使用するポートを非常に慎重に調整するか、ポートを動的に割り当てる必要があることを意味します。

複数の開発者間でポートを調整することは大規模に行うことは非常に難しく、ユーザーが制御できないクラスターレベルの問題にさらされます。 Kubernetesでは、どのホストで稼働するかに関わらず、Podが他のPodと通信できると想定しています。 すべてのPodに独自のクラスタープライベートIPアドレスを付与するため、Pod間のリンクを明示的に作成したり、コンテナポートをホストポートにマップしたりする必要はありません。 これは、Pod内のコンテナがすべてlocalhostの相互のポートに到達でき、クラスター内のすべてのPodがNATなしで相互に認識できることを意味します。 このドキュメントの残りの部分では、このようなネットワークモデルで信頼できるサービスを実行する方法について詳しく説明します。

このガイドでは、シンプルなnginxサーバーを使用して概念実証を示します。 同じ原則が、より完全なJenkins CIアプリケーションで具体化されています。

{{% /capture %}}

{{% capture body %}}

Podをクラスターに公開する

前の例でネットワークモデルを紹介しましたが、再度ネットワークの観点に焦点を当てましょう。 nginx Podを作成し、コンテナポートの仕様を指定していることに注意してください。

{{< codenew file="service/networking/run-my-nginx.yaml" >}}

これにより、クラスター内のどのノードからでもアクセスできるようになります。 Podが実行されているノードを確認します:

kubectl apply -f ./run-my-nginx.yaml
kubectl get pods -l run=my-nginx -o wide
NAME                        READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE       IP            NODE
my-nginx-3800858182-jr4a2   1/1       Running   0          13s       10.244.3.4    kubernetes-minion-905m
my-nginx-3800858182-kna2y   1/1       Running   0          13s       10.244.2.5    kubernetes-minion-ljyd

PodのIPを確認します:

kubectl get pods -l run=my-nginx -o yaml | grep podIP
    podIP: 10.244.3.4
    podIP: 10.244.2.5

クラスター内の任意のノードにSSH接続し、両方のIPにcurl接続できるはずです。 コンテナはノードでポート80を使用していないことに注意してください。 また、Podにトラフィックをルーティングする特別なNATルールもありません。 つまり、同じcontainerPortを使用して同じノードで複数のnginx Podを実行し、IPを使用してクラスター内の他のPodやノードからそれらにアクセスできます。 Dockerと同様に、ポートは引き続きホストノードのインターフェイスに公開できますが、ネットワークモデルにより、この必要性は根本的に減少します。

興味があれば、これをどのように達成するかについて詳しく読むことができます。

Serviceを作成する

そのため、フラットでクラスター全体のアドレス空間でnginxを実行するPodがあります。 理論的には、これらのPodと直接通信することができますが、ノードが停止するとどうなりますか? Podはそれで死に、Deploymentは異なるIPを持つ新しいものを作成します。 これは、Serviceが解決する問題です。

Kubernetes Serviceは、クラスター内のどこかで実行されるPodの論理セットを定義する抽象化であり、すべて同じ機能を提供します。 作成されると、各Serviceには一意のIPアドレス(clusterIPとも呼ばれます)が割り当てられます。 このアドレスはServiceの有効期間に関連付けられており、Serviceが動作している間は変更されません。 Podは、Serviceと通信するように構成でき、Serviceへの通信は、ServiceのメンバーであるPodに自動的に負荷分散されることを認識できます。

2つのnginxレプリカのサービスをkubectl exposedで作成できます:

kubectl expose deployment/my-nginx
service/my-nginx exposed

これは次のyamlをkubectl apply -fすることと同等です:

{{< codenew file="service/networking/nginx-svc.yaml" >}}

この仕様は、runmy-nginxラベルを持つ任意のPodのTCPポート80をターゲットとするサービスを作成し、抽象化されたサービスポートでPodを公開します(targetPort:はコンテナがトラフィックを受信するポート、port:は抽象化されたServiceのポートであり、他のPodがServiceへのアクセスに使用する任意のポートにすることができます)。 サービス定義でサポートされているフィールドのリストは[Service](/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/{{< param "version" >}}/#service-v1-core) APIオブジェクトを参照してください。

Serviceを確認します:

kubectl get svc my-nginx
NAME       TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
my-nginx   ClusterIP   10.0.162.149   <none>        80/TCP    21s

前述のように、ServiceはPodのグループによってサポートされています。 これらのPodはエンドポイントを通じて公開されます。 Serviceのセレクターは継続的に評価され、結果はmy-nginxという名前のEndpointオブジェクトにPOSTされます。 Podが終了すると、エンドポイントから自動的に削除され、Serviceのセレクターに一致する新しいPodが自動的にエンドポイントに追加されます。 エンドポイントを確認し、IPが最初のステップで作成されたPodと同じであることを確認します:

kubectl describe svc my-nginx
Name:                my-nginx
Namespace:           default
Labels:              run=my-nginx
Annotations:         <none>
Selector:            run=my-nginx
Type:                ClusterIP
IP:                  10.0.162.149
Port:                <unset> 80/TCP
Endpoints:           10.244.2.5:80,10.244.3.4:80
Session Affinity:    None
Events:              <none>
kubectl get ep my-nginx
NAME       ENDPOINTS                     AGE
my-nginx   10.244.2.5:80,10.244.3.4:80   1m

クラスター内の任意のノードから、<CLUSTER-IP>:<PORT>でnginx Serviceにcurl接続できるようになりました。 Service IPは完全に仮想的なもので、ホスト側のネットワークには接続できないことに注意してください。 この仕組みに興味がある場合は、サービスプロキシーの詳細をお読みください。

Serviceにアクセスする

Kubernetesは、環境変数とDNSの2つの主要なService検索モードをサポートしています。 前者はそのまま使用でき、後者は[CoreDNSクラスタアドオン](http://releases.k8s.io/{{< param "githubbranch" >}}/cluster/addons/dns/coredns)を必要とします。 {{< note >}} サービス環境変数が望ましくない場合(予想されるプログラム変数と衝突する可能性がある、処理する変数が多すぎる、DNSのみを使用するなど)、[Pod仕様](/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/{{< param "version" >}}/#pod-v1-core)でenableServiceLinksフラグをfalseに設定することでこのモードを無効にできます。 {{< /note >}}

環境変数

ノードでPodが実行されると、kubeletはアクティブな各サービスの環境変数のセットを追加します。 これにより、順序付けの問題が発生します。 理由を確認するには、実行中のnginx Podの環境を調べます(Pod名は環境によって異なります):

kubectl exec my-nginx-3800858182-jr4a2 -- printenv | grep SERVICE
KUBERNETES_SERVICE_HOST=10.0.0.1
KUBERNETES_SERVICE_PORT=443
KUBERNETES_SERVICE_PORT_HTTPS=443

サービスに言及がないことに注意してください。これは、サービスの前にレプリカを作成したためです。 これのもう1つの欠点は、スケジューラーが両方のPodを同じマシンに配置し、サービスが停止した場合にサービス全体がダウンする可能性があることです。 2つのPodを強制終了し、Deploymentがそれらを再作成するのを待つことで、これを正しい方法で実行できます。 今回は、サービスはレプリカの「前」に存在します。 これにより、スケジューラーレベルのサービスがPodに広がり(すべてのノードの容量が等しい場合)、適切な環境変数が提供されます:

kubectl scale deployment my-nginx --replicas=0; kubectl scale deployment my-nginx --replicas=2;

kubectl get pods -l run=my-nginx -o wide
NAME                        READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP            NODE
my-nginx-3800858182-e9ihh   1/1       Running   0          5s      10.244.2.7    kubernetes-minion-ljyd
my-nginx-3800858182-j4rm4   1/1       Running   0          5s      10.244.3.8    kubernetes-minion-905m

Podは強制終了されて再作成されるため、異なる名前が付いていることに気付くでしょう。

kubectl exec my-nginx-3800858182-e9ihh -- printenv | grep SERVICE
KUBERNETES_SERVICE_PORT=443
MY_NGINX_SERVICE_HOST=10.0.162.149
KUBERNETES_SERVICE_HOST=10.0.0.1
MY_NGINX_SERVICE_PORT=80
KUBERNETES_SERVICE_PORT_HTTPS=443

DNS

Kubernetesは、DNS名を他のServiceに自動的に割り当てるDNSクラスターアドオンサービスを提供します。 クラスターで実行されているかどうかを確認できます:

kubectl get services kube-dns --namespace=kube-system
NAME       TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE
kube-dns   ClusterIP   10.0.0.10    <none>        53/UDP,53/TCP   8m

実行されていない場合は、[有効にする](http://releases.k8s.io/{{< param "githubbranch" >}}/cluster/addons/dns/kube-dns/README.md#how-do-i-configure-it)ことができます。 このセクションの残りの部分では、寿命の長いIP(my-nginx)を持つServiceと、そのIPに名前を割り当てたDNSサーバー(CoreDNSクラスターアドオン)があることを前提としているため、標準的な方法(gethostbynameなど)を使用してクラスター内の任意のPodからServiceに通信できます。 curlアプリケーションを実行して、これをテストしてみましょう:

kubectl run curl --image=radial/busyboxplus:curl -i --tty
Waiting for pod default/curl-131556218-9fnch to be running, status is Pending, pod ready: false
Hit enter for command prompt

次に、Enterキーを押してnslookup my-nginxを実行します:

[ root@curl-131556218-9fnch:/ ]$ nslookup my-nginx
Server:    10.0.0.10
Address 1: 10.0.0.10

Name:      my-nginx
Address 1: 10.0.162.149

Serviceを安全にする

これまでは、クラスター内からnginxサーバーにアクセスしただけでした。 サービスをインターネットに公開する前に、通信チャネルが安全であることを確認する必要があります。 これには、次のものが必要です:

  • https用の自己署名証明書(既にID証明書を持っている場合を除く)
  • 証明書を使用するように構成されたnginxサーバー
  • Podが証明書にアクセスできるようにするSecret

これらはすべて[nginx httpsの例](https://github.com/kubernetes/examples/tree/{{< param "githubbranch" >}}/staging/https-nginx/)から取得できます。 これにはツールをインストールする必要があります。 これらをインストールしたくない場合は、後で手動の手順に従ってください。つまり:

make keys KEY=/tmp/nginx.key CERT=/tmp/nginx.crt
kubectl create secret tls nginxsecret --key /tmp/nginx.key --cert /tmp/nginx.crt
secret/nginxsecret created
kubectl get secrets
NAME                  TYPE                                  DATA      AGE
default-token-il9rc   kubernetes.io/service-account-token   1         1d
nginxsecret           Opaque                                2         1m

以下は、(Windows上など)makeの実行で問題が発生した場合に実行する手動の手順です:

# 公開秘密鍵ペアを作成します
openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout /d/tmp/nginx.key -out /d/tmp/nginx.crt -subj "/CN=my-nginx/O=my-nginx"
# キーをbase64エンコードに変換します
cat /d/tmp/nginx.crt | base64
cat /d/tmp/nginx.key | base64

前のコマンドの出力を使用して、次のようにyamlファイルを作成します。 base64でエンコードされた値はすべて1行である必要があります。

apiVersion: "v1"
kind: "Secret"
metadata:
  name: "nginxsecret"
  namespace: "default"
data:
  nginx.crt: "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"
  nginx.key: "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"

ファイルを使用してSecretを作成します:

kubectl apply -f nginxsecrets.yaml
kubectl get secrets
NAME                  TYPE                                  DATA      AGE
default-token-il9rc   kubernetes.io/service-account-token   1         1d
nginxsecret           Opaque                                2         1m

次に、nginxレプリカを変更して、シークレットの証明書とServiceを使用してhttpsサーバーを起動し、両方のポート(80と443)を公開します:

{{< codenew file="service/networking/nginx-secure-app.yaml" >}}

nginx-secure-appマニフェストに関する注目すべき点:

  • 同じファイルにDeploymentとServiceの両方が含まれています。
  • [nginxサーバー](https://github.com/kubernetes/examples/tree/{{< param "githubbranch" >}}/staging/https-nginx/default.conf)はポート80のHTTPトラフィックと443のHTTPSトラフィックを処理し、nginx Serviceは両方のポートを公開します。
  • 各コンテナは/etc/nginx/sslにマウントされたボリュームを介してキーにアクセスできます。 これは、nginxサーバーが起動する前にセットアップされます。
kubectl delete deployments,svc my-nginx; kubectl create -f ./nginx-secure-app.yaml

この時点で、任意のノードからnginxサーバーに到達できます。

kubectl get pods -o yaml | grep -i podip
    podIP: 10.244.3.5
node $ curl -k https://10.244.3.5
...
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>

最後の手順でcurlに-kパラメーターを指定したことに注意してください。 これは、証明書の生成時にnginxを実行しているPodについて何も知らないためです。 CNameの不一致を無視するようcurlに指示する必要があります。 Serviceを作成することにより、証明書で使用されるCNameを、Service検索中にPodで使用される実際のDNS名にリンクしました。 これをPodからテストしましょう(簡単にするために同じシークレットを再利用しています。PodはServiceにアクセスするためにnginx.crtのみを必要とします):

{{< codenew file="service/networking/curlpod.yaml" >}}

kubectl apply -f ./curlpod.yaml
kubectl get pods -l app=curlpod
NAME                               READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
curl-deployment-1515033274-1410r   1/1       Running   0          1m
kubectl exec curl-deployment-1515033274-1410r -- curl https://my-nginx --cacert /etc/nginx/ssl/nginx.crt
...
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
...

Serviceを公開する

アプリケーションの一部では、Serviceを外部IPアドレスに公開したい場合があります。 Kubernetesは、NodePortとLoadBalancerの2つの方法をサポートしています。 前のセクションで作成したServiceはすでにNodePortを使用しているため、ノードにパブリックIPがあれば、nginx HTTPSレプリカはインターネット上のトラフィックを処理する準備ができています。

kubectl get svc my-nginx -o yaml | grep nodePort -C 5
  uid: 07191fb3-f61a-11e5-8ae5-42010af00002
spec:
  clusterIP: 10.0.162.149
  ports:
  - name: http
    nodePort: 31704
    port: 8080
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 80
  - name: https
    nodePort: 32453
    port: 443
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 443
  selector:
    run: my-nginx
kubectl get nodes -o yaml | grep ExternalIP -C 1
    - address: 104.197.41.11
      type: ExternalIP
    allocatable:
--
    - address: 23.251.152.56
      type: ExternalIP
    allocatable:
...

$ curl https://<EXTERNAL-IP>:<NODE-PORT> -k
...
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>

クラウドロードバランサーを使用するようにサービスを再作成しましょう。 my-nginxサービスのTypeNodePortからLoadBalancerに変更するだけです:

kubectl edit svc my-nginx
kubectl get svc my-nginx
NAME       TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP        PORT(S)               AGE
my-nginx   ClusterIP   10.0.162.149   162.222.184.144    80/TCP,81/TCP,82/TCP  21s
curl https://<EXTERNAL-IP> -k
...
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>

EXTERNAL-IP列のIPアドレスは、パブリックインターネットで利用可能なものです。 CLUSTER-IPは、クラスター/プライベートクラウドネットワーク内でのみ使用できます。

AWSでは、type LoadBalancerはIPではなく(長い)ホスト名を使用するELBが作成されます。 実際、標準のkubectl get svcの出力に収まるには長すぎるので、それを確認するにはkubectl describe service my-nginxを実行する必要があります。 次のようなものが表示されます:

kubectl describe service my-nginx
...
LoadBalancer Ingress:   a320587ffd19711e5a37606cf4a74574-1142138393.us-east-1.elb.amazonaws.com
...

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Kubernetesは、複数のクラスターおよびクラウドプロバイダーにまたがるフェデレーションサービスもサポートし、可用性の向上、フォールトトレランスの向上、サービスのスケーラビリティの向上を実現します。 詳細についてはフェデレーションサービスユーザーガイドを参照してください。

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