Move Guide topic Replica Sets. (#3180)
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title: Replica Sets
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---
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* TOC
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{:toc}
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{% include user-guide-content-moved.md %}
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## What is a ReplicaSet?
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ReplicaSet is the next-generation Replication Controller. The only difference
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between a _ReplicaSet_ and a
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[_Replication Controller_](/docs/user-guide/replication-controller/) right now is
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the selector support. ReplicaSet supports the new set-based selector requirements
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as described in the [labels user guide](/docs/user-guide/labels/#label-selectors)
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whereas a Replication Controller only supports equality-based selector requirements.
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Most [`kubectl`](/docs/user-guide/kubectl/) commands that support
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Replication Controllers also support ReplicaSets. One exception is the
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[`rolling-update`](/docs/user-guide/kubectl/kubectl_rolling-update/) command. If
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you want the rolling update functionality please consider using Deployments
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instead. Also, the
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[`rolling-update`](/docs/user-guide/kubectl/kubectl_rolling-update/) command is
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imperative whereas Deployments are declarative, so we recommend using Deployments
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through the [`rollout`](/docs/user-guide/kubectl/kubectl_rollout/) command.
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While ReplicaSets can be used independently, today it's mainly used by
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[Deployments](/docs/user-guide/deployments/) as a mechanism to orchestrate pod
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creation, deletion and updates. When you use Deployments you don't have to worry
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about managing the ReplicaSets that they create. Deployments own and manage
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their ReplicaSets.
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## When to use a ReplicaSet?
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A ReplicaSet ensures that a specified number of pod “replicas” are running at any given
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time. However, a Deployment is a higher-level concept that manages ReplicaSets and
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provides declarative updates to pods along with a lot of other useful features.
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Therefore, we recommend using Deployments instead of directly using ReplicaSets, unless
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you require custom update orchestration or don't require updates at all.
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This actually means that you may never need to manipulate ReplicaSet objects:
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use directly a Deployment and define your application in the spec section.
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## Example
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{% include code.html language="yaml" file="replicasets/frontend.yaml" ghlink="/docs/user-guide/replicasets/frontend.yaml" %}
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Saving this config into `frontend.yaml` and submitting it to a Kubernetes cluster should
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create the defined ReplicaSet and the pods that it manages.
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```shell
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$ kubectl create -f frontend.yaml
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replicaset "frontend" created
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$ kubectl describe rs/frontend
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Name: frontend
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Namespace: default
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Image(s): gcr.io/google_samples/gb-frontend:v3
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Selector: tier=frontend,tier in (frontend)
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Labels: app=guestbook,tier=frontend
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Replicas: 3 current / 3 desired
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Pods Status: 3 Running / 0 Waiting / 0 Succeeded / 0 Failed
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No volumes.
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Events:
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FirstSeen LastSeen Count From SubobjectPath Type Reason Message
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--------- -------- ----- ---- ------------- -------- ------ -------
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1m 1m 1 {replicaset-controller } Normal SuccessfulCreate Created pod: frontend-qhloh
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1m 1m 1 {replicaset-controller } Normal SuccessfulCreate Created pod: frontend-dnjpy
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1m 1m 1 {replicaset-controller } Normal SuccessfulCreate Created pod: frontend-9si5l
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$ kubectl get pods
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NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
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frontend-9si5l 1/1 Running 0 1m
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frontend-dnjpy 1/1 Running 0 1m
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frontend-qhloh 1/1 Running 0 1m
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```
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## ReplicaSet as an Horizontal Pod Autoscaler target
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A ReplicaSet can also be a target for
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[Horizontal Pod Autoscalers (HPA)](/docs/user-guide/horizontal-pod-autoscaling/),
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i.e. a ReplicaSet can be auto-scaled by an HPA. Here is an example HPA targeting
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the ReplicaSet we created in the previous example.
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{% include code.html language="yaml" file="replicasets/hpa-rs.yaml" ghlink="/docs/user-guide/replicasets/hpa-rs.yaml" %}
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Saving this config into `hpa-rs.yaml` and submitting it to a Kubernetes cluster should
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create the defined HPA that autoscales the target ReplicaSet depending on the CPU usage
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of the replicated pods.
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```shell
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kubectl create -f hpa-rs.yaml
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```
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Alternatively, you can just use the `kubectl autoscale` command to accomplish the same
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(and it's easier!)
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```shell
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kubectl autoscale rs frontend
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```
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[ReplicaSets](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicaset/)
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