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[zh] Sync workloads

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Sean Wei
2022-05-29 17:47:00 +08:00
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content/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/job.md
+61 -32
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@@ -33,6 +33,9 @@ The Job object will start a new Pod if the first Pod fails or is deleted (for ex
due to a node hardware failure or a node reboot). due to a node hardware failure or a node reboot).
You can also use a Job to run multiple Pods in parallel. You can also use a Job to run multiple Pods in parallel.
If you want to run a Job (either a single task, or several in parallel) on a schedule,
see [CronJob](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/cron-jobs/).
--> -->
Job 会创建一个或者多个 Pods，并将继续重试 Pods 的执行，直到指定数量的 Pods 成功终止。 Job 会创建一个或者多个 Pods，并将继续重试 Pods 的执行，直到指定数量的 Pods 成功终止。
随着 Pods 成功结束，Job 跟踪记录成功完成的 Pods 个数。 随着 Pods 成功结束，Job 跟踪记录成功完成的 Pods 个数。
@@ -46,7 +49,11 @@ Job 会创建一个或者多个 Pods，并将继续重试 Pods 的执行，直
你也可以使用 Job 以并行的方式运行多个 Pod。 你也可以使用 Job 以并行的方式运行多个 Pod。
如果你想按某种排期表（Schedule）运行 Job（单个任务或多个并行任务），请参阅
[CronJob](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/cron-jobs/)。
<!-- body --> <!-- body -->
<!-- <!--
## Running an example Job ## Running an example Job
@@ -60,26 +67,36 @@ It takes around 10s to complete.
{{< codenew file="controllers/job.yaml" >}} {{< codenew file="controllers/job.yaml" >}}
<!--You can run the example with this command:--> <!--
You can run the example with this command:
-->
你可以使用下面的命令来运行此示例： 你可以使用下面的命令来运行此示例：
```shell ```shell
kubectl apply -f https://kubernetes.io/examples/controllers/job.yaml kubectl apply -f https://kubernetes.io/examples/controllers/job.yaml
``` ```
<!--The output is similar to this:-->
<!--
The output is similar to this:
-->
输出类似于： 输出类似于：
``` ```
job.batch/pi created job.batch/pi created
``` ```
<!-- Check on the status of the Job with `kubectl`: --> <!--
Check on the status of the Job with `kubectl`:
-->
使用 `kubectl` 来检查 Job 的状态： 使用 `kubectl` 来检查 Job 的状态：
```shell ```shell
kubectl describe jobs/pi kubectl describe jobs/pi
``` ```
<!--The output is similar to this:-->
<!--
The output is similar to this:
-->
输出类似于： 输出类似于：
``` ```
@@ -131,7 +148,10 @@ To list all the Pods that belong to a Job in a machine readable form, you can us
pods=$(kubectl get pods --selector=job-name=pi --output=jsonpath='{.items[*].metadata.name}') pods=$(kubectl get pods --selector=job-name=pi --output=jsonpath='{.items[*].metadata.name}')
echo $pods echo $pods
``` ```
<!--The output is similar to this:-->
<!--
The output is similar to this:
-->
输出类似于： 输出类似于：
``` ```
@@ -139,7 +159,7 @@ pi-5rwd7
``` ```
<!-- <!--
Here, the selector is the same as the selector for the Job. The `-output=jsonpath` option specifies an expression Here, the selector is the same as the selector for the Job. The `--output=jsonpath` option specifies an expression
with the name from each Pod in the returned list. with the name from each Pod in the returned list.
View the standard output of one of the pods: View the standard output of one of the pods:
@@ -153,12 +173,15 @@ View the standard output of one of the pods:
kubectl logs $pods kubectl logs $pods
``` ```
<!--The output is similar to this:--> <!--
The output is similar to this:
-->
输出类似于： 输出类似于：
``` ```
3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058209749445923078164062862089986280348253421170679821480865132823066470938446095505822317253594081284811174502841027019385211055596446229489549303819644288109756659334461284756482337867831652712019091456485669234603486104543266482133936072602491412737245870066063155881748815209209628292540917153643678925903600113305305488204665213841469519415116094330572703657595919530921861173819326117931051185480744623799627495673518857527248912279381830119491298336733624406566430860213949463952247371907021798609437027705392171762931767523846748184676694051320005681271452635608277857713427577896091736371787214684409012249534301465495853710507922796892589235420199561121290219608640344181598136297747713099605187072113499999983729780499510597317328160963185950244594553469083026425223082533446850352619311881710100031378387528865875332083814206171776691473035982534904287554687311595628638823537875937519577818577805321712268066130019278766111959092164201989380952572010654858632788659361533818279682303019520353018529689957736225994138912497217752834791315155748572424541506959508295331168617278558890750983817546374649393192550604009277016711390098488240128583616035637076601047101819429555961989467678374494482553797747268471040475346462080466842590694912933136770289891521047521620569660240580381501935112533824300355876402474964732639141992726042699227967823547816360093417216412199245863150302861829745557067498385054945885869269956909272107975093029553211653449872027559602364806654991198818347977535663698074265425278625518184175746728909777727938000816470600161452491921732172147723501414419735685481613611573525521334757418494684385233239073941433345477624168625189835694855620992192221842725502542568876717904946016534668049886272327917860857843838279679766814541009538837863609506800642251252051173929848960841284886269456042419652850222106611863067442786220391949450471237137869609563643719172874677646575739624138908658326459958133904780275901 3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058209749445923078164062862089986280348253421170679821480865132823066470938446095505822317253594081284811174502841027019385211055596446229489549303819644288109756659334461284756482337867831652712019091456485669234603486104543266482133936072602491412737245870066063155881748815209209628292540917153643678925903600113305305488204665213841469519415116094330572703657595919530921861173819326117931051185480744623799627495673518857527248912279381830119491298336733624406566430860213949463952247371907021798609437027705392171762931767523846748184676694051320005681271452635608277857713427577896091736371787214684409012249534301465495853710507922796892589235420199561121290219608640344181598136297747713099605187072113499999983729780499510597317328160963185950244594553469083026425223082533446850352619311881710100031378387528865875332083814206171776691473035982534904287554687311595628638823537875937519577818577805321712268066130019278766111959092164201989380952572010654858632788659361533818279682303019520353018529689957736225994138912497217752834791315155748572424541506959508295331168617278558890750983817546374649393192550604009277016711390098488240128583616035637076601047101819429555961989467678374494482553797747268471040475346462080466842590694912933136770289891521047521620569660240580381501935112533824300355876402474964732639141992726042699227967823547816360093417216412199245863150302861829745557067498385054945885869269956909272107975093029553211653449872027559602364806654991198818347977535663698074265425278625518184175746728909777727938000816470600161452491921732172147723501414419735685481613611573525521334757418494684385233239073941433345477624168625189835694855620992192221842725502542568876717904946016534668049886272327917860857843838279679766814541009538837863609506800642251252051173929848960841284886269456042419652850222106611863067442786220391949450471237137869609563643719172874677646575739624138908658326459958133904780275901
``` ```
<!-- <!--
## Writing a Job spec ## Writing a Job spec
@@ -167,12 +190,12 @@ Its name must be a valid [DNS subdomain name](/docs/concepts/overview/working-wi
A Job also needs a [`.spec` section](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#spec-and-status). A Job also needs a [`.spec` section](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#spec-and-status).
--> -->
## 编写 Job 规约 ## 编写 Job 规约 {#writing-a-job-spec}
与 Kubernetes 中其他资源的配置类似，Job 也需要 `apiVersion`、`kind` 和 `metadata` 字段。 与 Kubernetes 中其他资源的配置类似，Job 也需要 `apiVersion`、`kind` 和 `metadata` 字段。
Job 的名字必须是合法的 [DNS 子域名](/zh/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/names#dns-subdomain-names)。 Job 的名字必须是合法的 [DNS 子域名](/zh/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/names#dns-subdomain-names)。
Job 配置还需要一个[`.spec` 节](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#spec-and-status)。 Job 配置还需要一个 [`.spec` 节](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#spec-and-status)。
<!-- <!--
### Pod Template ### Pod Template
@@ -186,7 +209,7 @@ labels (see [pod selector](#pod-selector)) and an appropriate restart policy.
Only a [`RestartPolicy`](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/#restart-policy) equal to `Never` or `OnFailure` is allowed. Only a [`RestartPolicy`](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/#restart-policy) equal to `Never` or `OnFailure` is allowed.
--> -->
### Pod 模版 ### Pod 模版 {#pod-template}
Job 的 `.spec` 中只有 `.spec.template` 是必需的字段。 Job 的 `.spec` 中只有 `.spec.template` 是必需的字段。
@@ -195,7 +218,7 @@ Job 的 `.spec` 中只有 `.spec.template` 是必需的字段。
完全相同，只是其中不再需要 `apiVersion` 或 `kind` 字段。 完全相同，只是其中不再需要 `apiVersion` 或 `kind` 字段。
除了作为 Pod 所必需的字段之外，Job 中的 Pod 模版必需设置合适的标签 除了作为 Pod 所必需的字段之外，Job 中的 Pod 模版必需设置合适的标签
（参见[Pod 选择算符](#pod-selector)）和合适的重启策略。 （参见 [Pod 选择算符](#pod-selector)）和合适的重启策略。
Job 中 Pod 的 [`RestartPolicy`](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/#restart-policy) Job 中 Pod 的 [`RestartPolicy`](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/#restart-policy)
只能设置为 `Never` 或 `OnFailure` 之一。 只能设置为 `Never` 或 `OnFailure` 之一。
@@ -219,6 +242,7 @@ There are three main types of task suitable to run as a Job:
### Job 的并行执行 {#parallel-jobs} ### Job 的并行执行 {#parallel-jobs}
适合以 Job 形式来运行的任务主要有三种： 适合以 Job 形式来运行的任务主要有三种：
<!-- <!--
1. Non-parallel Jobs 1. Non-parallel Jobs
- normally, only one Pod is started, unless the Pod fails. - normally, only one Pod is started, unless the Pod fails.
@@ -298,7 +322,7 @@ parallelism, for a variety of reasons:
<!-- <!--
- For _fixed completion count_ Jobs, the actual number of pods running in parallel will not exceed the number of - For _fixed completion count_ Jobs, the actual number of pods running in parallel will not exceed the number of
remaining completions. Higher values of `.spec.parallelism` are effectively ignored. remaining completions. Higher values of `.spec.parallelism` are effectively ignored.
- For _work queue_ Jobs, no new Pods are started after any Pod has succeeded - remaining Pods are allowed to complete, however. - For _work queue_ Jobs, no new Pods are started after any Pod has succeeded -- remaining Pods are allowed to complete, however.
- If the Job {{< glossary_tooltip term_id="controller" >}} has not had time to react. - If the Job {{< glossary_tooltip term_id="controller" >}} has not had time to react.
- If the Job controller failed to create Pods for any reason (lack of `ResourceQuota`, lack of permission, etc.), - If the Job controller failed to create Pods for any reason (lack of `ResourceQuota`, lack of permission, etc.),
then there may be fewer pods than requested. then there may be fewer pods than requested.
@@ -377,7 +401,7 @@ restarted locally, or else specify `.spec.template.spec.restartPolicy = "Never"`
See [pod lifecycle](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/#example-states) for more information on `restartPolicy`. See [pod lifecycle](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/#example-states) for more information on `restartPolicy`.
--> -->
## 处理 Pod 和容器失效 ## 处理 Pod 和容器失效 {#handling-pod-and-container-failures}
Pod 中的容器可能因为多种不同原因失效，例如因为其中的进程退出时返回值非零， Pod 中的容器可能因为多种不同原因失效，例如因为其中的进程退出时返回值非零，
或者容器因为超出内存约束而被杀死等等。 或者容器因为超出内存约束而被杀死等等。
@@ -430,7 +454,7 @@ exponential back-off delay (10s, 20s, 40s ...) capped at six minutes. The
back-off count is reset when a Job's Pod is deleted or successful without any back-off count is reset when a Job's Pod is deleted or successful without any
other Pods for the Job failing around that time. other Pods for the Job failing around that time.
--> -->
### Pod 回退失效策略 ### Pod 回退失效策略 {#pod-backoff-failure-policy}
在有些情形下，你可能希望 Job 在经历若干次重试之后直接进入失败状态，因为这很 在有些情形下，你可能希望 Job 在经历若干次重试之后直接进入失败状态，因为这很
可能意味着遇到了配置错误。 可能意味着遇到了配置错误。
@@ -463,7 +487,7 @@ allows you to still view the logs of completed pods to check for errors, warning
The job object also remains after it is completed so that you can view its status. It is up to the user to delete The job object also remains after it is completed so that you can view its status. It is up to the user to delete
old jobs after noting their status. Delete the job with `kubectl` (e.g. `kubectl delete jobs/pi` or `kubectl delete -f ./job.yaml`). When you delete the job using `kubectl`, all the pods it created are deleted too. old jobs after noting their status. Delete the job with `kubectl` (e.g. `kubectl delete jobs/pi` or `kubectl delete -f ./job.yaml`). When you delete the job using `kubectl`, all the pods it created are deleted too.
--> -->
## Job 终止与清理 ## Job 终止与清理 {#clean-up-finished-jobs-automatically}
Job 完成时不会再创建新的 Pod，不过已有的 Pod [通常](#pod-backoff-failure-policy)也不会被删除。 Job 完成时不会再创建新的 Pod，不过已有的 Pod [通常](#pod-backoff-failure-policy)也不会被删除。
保留这些 Pod 使得你可以查看已完成的 Pod 的日志输出，以便检查错误、警告 保留这些 Pod 使得你可以查看已完成的 Pod 的日志输出，以便检查错误、警告
@@ -732,7 +756,7 @@ Job 被创建时，Job 控制器会马上开始执行 Pod 创建操作以满足
不过你可能想要暂时挂起 Job 执行，或启动处于挂起状态的job， 不过你可能想要暂时挂起 Job 执行，或启动处于挂起状态的job，
并拥有一个自定义控制器以后再决定什么时候开始。 并拥有一个自定义控制器以后再决定什么时候开始。
<!-- <!--
To suspend a Job, you can update the `.spec.suspend` field of To suspend a Job, you can update the `.spec.suspend` field of
the Job to true; later, when you want to resume it again, update it to false. the Job to true; later, when you want to resume it again, update it to false.
Creating a Job with `.spec.suspend` set to true will create it in the suspended Creating a Job with `.spec.suspend` set to true will create it in the suspended
@@ -911,7 +935,7 @@ Job 的 Pod 模板中可以更新的字段是节点亲和性、节点选择器
<!-- <!--
### Specifying your own Pod selector {#specifying-your-own-pod-selector} ### Specifying your own Pod selector
Normally, when you create a Job object, you do not specify `.spec.selector`. Normally, when you create a Job object, you do not specify `.spec.selector`.
The system defaulting logic adds this field when the Job is created. The system defaulting logic adds this field when the Job is created.
@@ -971,7 +995,10 @@ Before deleting it, you make a note of what selector it uses:
```shell ```shell
kubectl get job old -o yaml kubectl get job old -o yaml
``` ```
<!--The output is similar to this:-->
<!--
The output is similar to this:
-->
输出类似于： 输出类似于：
```yaml ```yaml
@@ -999,7 +1026,7 @@ the selector that the system normally generates for you automatically.
它们也会被名为 `new` 的 Job 所控制。 它们也会被名为 `new` 的 Job 所控制。
你需要在新 Job 中设置 `manualSelector: true`，因为你并未使用系统通常自动为你 你需要在新 Job 中设置 `manualSelector: true`，因为你并未使用系统通常自动为你
生成的选择算符。 生成的选择算符。
```yaml ```yaml
kind: Job kind: Job
@@ -1025,29 +1052,31 @@ mismatch.
<!-- <!--
### Job tracking with finalizers ### Job tracking with finalizers
In order to use this behavior, you must enable the `JobTrackingWithFinalizers`
[feature gate](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/)
on the [API server](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kube-apiserver/)
and the [controller manager](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kube-controller-manager/).
It is enabled by default.
When enabled, the control plane tracks new Jobs using the behavior described
below. Jobs created before the feature was enabled are unaffected. As a user,
the only difference you would see is that the control plane tracking of Job
completion is more accurate.
--> -->
### 使用 Finalizer 追踪 Job {#job-tracking-with-finalizers} ### 使用 Finalizer 追踪 Job {#job-tracking-with-finalizers}
{{< feature-state for_k8s_version="v1.23" state="beta" >}} {{< feature-state for_k8s_version="v1.23" state="beta" >}}
{{< note >}} {{< note >}}
<!--
In order to use this behavior, you must enable the `JobTrackingWithFinalizers`
[feature gate](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/)
on the [API server](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kube-apiserver/)
and the [controller manager](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kube-controller-manager/).
It is enabled by default.
-->
要使用该行为，你必须为 [API 服务器](/zh/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kube-apiserver/) 要使用该行为，你必须为 [API 服务器](/zh/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kube-apiserver/)
和[控制器管理器](/zh/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kube-controller-manager/) 和[控制器管理器](/zh/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kube-controller-manager/)
启用 `JobTrackingWithFinalizers` 启用 `JobTrackingWithFinalizers`
[特性门控](/zh/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/)。 [特性门控](/zh/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/)。
默认是启用的。 默认是启用的。
<!--
When enabled, the control plane tracks new Jobs using the behavior described
below. Jobs created before the feature was enabled are unaffected. As a user,
the only difference you would see is that the control plane tracking of Job
completion is more accurate.
-->
启用后，控制面基于下述行为追踪新的 Job。在启用该特性之前创建的 Job 不受影响。 启用后，控制面基于下述行为追踪新的 Job。在启用该特性之前创建的 Job 不受影响。
作为用户，你会看到的唯一区别是控制面对 Job 完成情况的跟踪更加准确。 作为用户，你会看到的唯一区别是控制面对 Job 完成情况的跟踪更加准确。
{{< /note >}} {{< /note >}}
@@ -1117,7 +1146,7 @@ Job 会重新创建新的 Pod 来替代已终止的 Pod。
<!-- <!--
### Replication Controller ### Replication Controller
Jobs are complementary to [Replication Controllers](/docs/user-guide/replication-controller). Jobs are complementary to [Replication Controllers](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicationcontroller/).
A Replication Controller manages Pods which are not expected to terminate (e.g. web servers), and a Job A Replication Controller manages Pods which are not expected to terminate (e.g. web servers), and a Job
manages Pods that are expected to terminate (e.g. batch tasks). manages Pods that are expected to terminate (e.g. batch tasks).
@@ -1142,7 +1171,7 @@ Another pattern is for a single Job to create a Pod which then creates other Pod
of custom controller for those Pods. This allows the most flexibility, but may be somewhat of custom controller for those Pods. This allows the most flexibility, but may be somewhat
complicated to get started with and offers less integration with Kubernetes. complicated to get started with and offers less integration with Kubernetes.
--> -->
### 单个 Job 启动控制器 Pod ### 单个 Job 启动控制器 Pod {#single-job-starts-controller-pod}
另一种模式是用唯一的 Job 来创建 Pod，而该 Pod 负责启动其他 Pod，因此扮演了一种 另一种模式是用唯一的 Job 来创建 Pod，而该 Pod 负责启动其他 Pod，因此扮演了一种
后启动 Pod 的控制器的角色。 后启动 Pod 的控制器的角色。
content/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicaset.md
+76 -75
View File
@@ -56,10 +56,11 @@ ReplicaSet 所获得的 Pod 都在其 ownerReferences 字段中包含了属主 R
<!-- <!--
A ReplicaSet identifies new Pods to acquire by using its selector. If there is a Pod that has no OwnerReference or the A ReplicaSet identifies new Pods to acquire by using its selector. If there is a Pod that has no OwnerReference or the
OwnerReference is not a {{< glossary_tooltip term_id="controller" >}} and it matches a ReplicaSet's selector, it will be immediately acquired by said ReplicaSet. OwnerReference is not a {{< glossary_tooltip term_id="controller" >}} and it matches a ReplicaSet's selector, it will be immediately acquired by said
ReplicaSet.
--> -->
ReplicaSet 使用其选择算符来辨识要获得的 Pod 集合。如果某个 Pod 没有 ReplicaSet 使用其选择算符来辨识要获得的 Pod 集合。如果某个 Pod 没有
OwnerReference 或者其 OwnerReference 不是一个 OwnerReference 或者其 OwnerReference 不是一个
{{< glossary_tooltip text="控制器" term_id="controller" >}}，且其匹配到 {{< glossary_tooltip text="控制器" term_id="controller" >}}，且其匹配到
某 ReplicaSet 的选择算符，则该 Pod 立即被此 ReplicaSet 获得。 某 ReplicaSet 的选择算符，则该 Pod 立即被此 ReplicaSet 获得。
@@ -68,14 +69,14 @@ OwnerReference 或者其 OwnerReference 不是一个
A ReplicaSet ensures that a specified number of pod replicas are running at any given A ReplicaSet ensures that a specified number of pod replicas are running at any given
time. However, a Deployment is a higher-level concept that manages ReplicaSets and time. However, a Deployment is a higher-level concept that manages ReplicaSets and
provides declarative updates to pods along with a lot of other useful features. provides declarative updates to Pods along with a lot of other useful features.
Therefore, we recommend using Deployments instead of directly using ReplicaSets, unless Therefore, we recommend using Deployments instead of directly using ReplicaSets, unless
you require custom update orchestration or don't require updates at all. you require custom update orchestration or don't require updates at all.
This actually means that you may never need to manipulate ReplicaSet objects: This actually means that you may never need to manipulate ReplicaSet objects:
use a Deployment instead, and define your application in the spec section. use a Deployment instead, and define your application in the spec section.
--> -->
## 何时使用 ReplicaSet ## 何时使用 ReplicaSet {#when-to-use-a-replicaset}
ReplicaSet 确保任何时间都有指定数量的 Pod 副本在运行。 ReplicaSet 确保任何时间都有指定数量的 Pod 副本在运行。
然而，Deployment 是一个更高级的概念，它管理 ReplicaSet，并向 Pod 然而，Deployment 是一个更高级的概念，它管理 ReplicaSet，并向 Pod
@@ -89,16 +90,16 @@ Deployment，并在 spec 部分定义你的应用。
<!-- <!--
## Example ## Example
--> -->
## 示例 ## 示例 {#example}
{{< codenew file="controllers/frontend.yaml" >}} {{< codenew file="controllers/frontend.yaml" >}}
<!-- <!--
Saving this manifest into `frontend.yaml` and submitting it to a Kubernetes cluster should Saving this manifest into `frontend.yaml` and submitting it to a Kubernetes cluster will
create the defined ReplicaSet and the pods that it manages. create the defined ReplicaSet and the Pods that it manages.
--> -->
将此清单保存到 `frontend.yaml` 中，并将其提交到 Kubernetes 集群， 将此清单保存到 `frontend.yaml` 中，并将其提交到 Kubernetes 集群，
应该就能创建 yaml 文件所定义的 ReplicaSet 及其管理的 Pod。 就能创建 yaml 文件所定义的 ReplicaSet 及其管理的 Pod。
```shell ```shell
@@ -139,25 +140,25 @@ And you will see output similar to:
你会看到类似如下的输出： 你会看到类似如下的输出：
``` ```
Name: frontend Name: frontend
Namespace: default Namespace: default
Selector: tier=frontend Selector: tier=frontend
Labels: app=guestbook Labels: app=guestbook
tier=frontend tier=frontend
Annotations: kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: Annotations: kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration:
{"apiVersion":"apps/v1","kind":"ReplicaSet","metadata":{"annotations":{},"labels":{"app":"guestbook","tier":"frontend"},"name":"frontend",... {"apiVersion":"apps/v1","kind":"ReplicaSet","metadata":{"annotations":{},"labels":{"app":"guestbook","tier":"frontend"},"name":"frontend",...
Replicas: 3 current / 3 desired Replicas: 3 current / 3 desired
Pods Status: 3 Running / 0 Waiting / 0 Succeeded / 0 Failed Pods Status: 3 Running / 0 Waiting / 0 Succeeded / 0 Failed
Pod Template: Pod Template:
Labels: tier=frontend Labels: tier=frontend
Containers: Containers:
php-redis: php-redis:
Image: gcr.io/google_samples/gb-frontend:v3 Image: gcr.io/google_samples/gb-frontend:v3
Port: <none> Port: <none>
Host Port: <none> Host Port: <none>
Environment: <none> Environment: <none>
Mounts: <none> Mounts: <none>
Volumes: <none> Volumes: <none>
Events: Events:
Type Reason Age From Message Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- ------- ---- ------ ---- ---- -------
@@ -226,22 +227,15 @@ metadata:
<!-- <!--
## Non-Template Pod acquisitions ## Non-Template Pod acquisitions
While you can create bare Pods with no problems, it is strongly recommended to make sure that the bare Pods do not have
labels which match the selector of one of your ReplicaSets. The reason for this is because a ReplicaSet is not limited
to owning Pods specified by its template - it can acquire other Pods in the manner specified in the previous sections.
--> -->
## 非模板 Pod 的获得 ## 非模板 Pod 的获得 {#non-template-pod-acquisitions}
<!-- <!--
While you can create bare Pods with no problems, it is strongly recommended to While you can create bare Pods with no problems, it is strongly recommended to make sure that the bare Pods do not have
make sure that the bare Pods do not have labels which match the selector of labels which match the selector of one of your ReplicaSets. The reason for this is because a ReplicaSet is not limited
one of your ReplicaSets. The reason for this is because a ReplicaSet is not to owning Pods specified by its template-- it can acquire other Pods in the manner specified in the previous sections.
limited to owning Pods specified by its template - it can acquire other Pods
in the manner specified in the previous sections.
Take the previous frontend ReplicaSet example, and the Pods specified in the Take the previous frontend ReplicaSet example, and the Pods specified in the following manifest:
following manifest:
--> -->
尽管你完全可以直接创建裸的 Pods，强烈建议你确保这些裸的 Pods 并不包含可能与你 尽管你完全可以直接创建裸的 Pods，强烈建议你确保这些裸的 Pods 并不包含可能与你
的某个 ReplicaSet 的选择算符相匹配的标签。原因在于 ReplicaSet 并不仅限于拥有 的某个 ReplicaSet 的选择算符相匹配的标签。原因在于 ReplicaSet 并不仅限于拥有
@@ -288,7 +282,7 @@ The output shows that the new Pods are either already terminated, or in the proc
--> -->
输出显示新的 Pods 或者已经被终止，或者处于终止过程中： 输出显示新的 Pods 或者已经被终止，或者处于终止过程中：
```shell ```
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
frontend-b2zdv 1/1 Running 0 10m frontend-b2zdv 1/1 Running 0 10m
frontend-vcmts 1/1 Running 0 10m frontend-vcmts 1/1 Running 0 10m
@@ -339,10 +333,13 @@ pod1 1/1 Running 0 36s
pod2 1/1 Running 0 36s pod2 1/1 Running 0 36s
``` ```
<!--
In this manner, a ReplicaSet can own a non-homogenous set of Pods
-->
采用这种方式，一个 ReplicaSet 中可以包含异质的 Pods 集合。 采用这种方式，一个 ReplicaSet 中可以包含异质的 Pods 集合。
<!-- <!--
## Writing a ReplicaSet Spec ## Writing a ReplicaSet manifest
As with all other Kubernetes API objects, a ReplicaSet needs the `apiVersion`, `kind`, and `metadata` fields. As with all other Kubernetes API objects, a ReplicaSet needs the `apiVersion`, `kind`, and `metadata` fields.
For ReplicaSets, the `kind` is always a ReplicaSet. For ReplicaSets, the `kind` is always a ReplicaSet.
@@ -350,9 +347,9 @@ For ReplicaSets, the `kind` is always a ReplicaSet.
The name of a ReplicaSet object must be a valid The name of a ReplicaSet object must be a valid
[DNS subdomain name](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/names#dns-subdomain-names). [DNS subdomain name](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/names#dns-subdomain-names).
A ReplicaSet also needs a [`.spec` section](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/api-conventions.md#spec-and-status). A ReplicaSet also needs a [`.spec` section](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#spec-and-status).
--> -->
## 编写 ReplicaSet 的 spec ## 编写 ReplicaSet 的清单 {#writing-a-replicaset-manifest}
与所有其他 Kubernetes API 对象一样，ReplicaSet 也需要 `apiVersion`、`kind`、和 `metadata` 字段。 与所有其他 Kubernetes API 对象一样，ReplicaSet 也需要 `apiVersion`、`kind`、和 `metadata` 字段。
对于 ReplicaSets 而言，其 `kind` 始终是 ReplicaSet。 对于 ReplicaSets 而言，其 `kind` 始终是 ReplicaSet。
@@ -360,7 +357,8 @@ A ReplicaSet also needs a [`.spec` section](https://git.k8s.io/community/contrib
ReplicaSet 对象的名称必须是合法的 ReplicaSet 对象的名称必须是合法的
[DNS 子域名](/zh/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/names#dns-subdomain-names)。 [DNS 子域名](/zh/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/names#dns-subdomain-names)。
ReplicaSet 也需要 [`.spec`](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/api-conventions.md#spec-and-status) ReplicaSet 也需要
[`.spec`](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#spec-and-status)
部分。 部分。
<!-- <!--
@@ -373,9 +371,9 @@ Be careful not to overlap with the selectors of other controllers, lest they try
For the template's [restart policy](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/#restart-policy) field, For the template's [restart policy](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/#restart-policy) field,
`.spec.template.spec.restartPolicy`, the only allowed value is `Always`, which is the default. `.spec.template.spec.restartPolicy`, the only allowed value is `Always`, which is the default.
--> -->
### Pod 模版 ### Pod 模版 {#pod-template}
`.spec.template` 是一个[Pod 模版](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/#pod-templates)， `.spec.template` 是一个 [Pod 模版](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/#pod-templates)，
要求设置标签。在 `frontend.yaml` 示例中，我们指定了标签 `tier: frontend`。 要求设置标签。在 `frontend.yaml` 示例中，我们指定了标签 `tier: frontend`。
注意不要将标签与其他控制器的选择算符重叠，否则那些控制器会尝试收养此 Pod。 注意不要将标签与其他控制器的选择算符重叠，否则那些控制器会尝试收养此 Pod。
@@ -415,7 +413,7 @@ matchLabels:
<!-- <!--
For 2 ReplicaSets specifying the same `.spec.selector` but different `.spec.template.metadata.labels` and `.spec.template.spec` fields, each ReplicaSet ignores the Pods created by the other ReplicaSet. For 2 ReplicaSets specifying the same `.spec.selector` but different `.spec.template.metadata.labels` and `.spec.template.spec` fields, each ReplicaSet ignores the Pods created by the other ReplicaSet.
--> -->
对于设置了相同的 `.spec.selector`，但 对于设置了相同的 `.spec.selector`，但
`.spec.template.metadata.labels` 和 `.spec.template.spec` 字段不同的 `.spec.template.metadata.labels` 和 `.spec.template.spec` 字段不同的
两个 ReplicaSet 而言，每个 ReplicaSet 都会忽略被另一个 ReplicaSet 所 两个 ReplicaSet 而言，每个 ReplicaSet 都会忽略被另一个 ReplicaSet 所
创建的 Pods。 创建的 Pods。
@@ -434,7 +432,7 @@ If you do not specify `.spec.replicas`, then it defaults to 1.
你可以通过设置 `.spec.replicas` 来指定要同时运行的 Pod 个数。 你可以通过设置 `.spec.replicas` 来指定要同时运行的 Pod 个数。
ReplicaSet 创建、删除 Pods 以与此值匹配。 ReplicaSet 创建、删除 Pods 以与此值匹配。
如果你没有指定 `.spec.replicas`, 那么默认值为 1。 如果你没有指定 `.spec.replicas`，那么默认值为 1。
<!-- <!--
## Working with ReplicaSets ## Working with ReplicaSets
@@ -443,35 +441,37 @@ ReplicaSet 创建、删除 Pods 以与此值匹配。
To delete a ReplicaSet and all of its Pods, use [`kubectl delete`](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands#delete). The [Garbage collector](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/garbage-collection/) automatically deletes all of the dependent Pods by default. To delete a ReplicaSet and all of its Pods, use [`kubectl delete`](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands#delete). The [Garbage collector](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/garbage-collection/) automatically deletes all of the dependent Pods by default.
When using the REST API or the `client-go` library, you must set `propagationPolicy` to `Background` or `Foreground` in delete option. e.g. : When using the REST API or the `client-go` library, you must set `propagationPolicy` to `Background` or `Foreground` in
the -d option.
For example:
--> -->
## 使用 ReplicaSets ## 使用 ReplicaSets {#working-with-replicasets}
### 删除 ReplicaSet 和它的 Pod ### 删除 ReplicaSet 和它的 Pod {#deleting-a-replicaset-and-its-pods}
要删除 ReplicaSet 和它的所有 Pod，使用 要删除 ReplicaSet 和它的所有 Pod，使用
[`kubectl delete`](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands#delete) 命令。 [`kubectl delete`](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands#delete) 命令。
默认情况下，[垃圾收集器](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/garbage-collection/) 默认情况下，[垃圾收集器](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/garbage-collection/)
自动删除所有依赖的 Pod。 自动删除所有依赖的 Pod。
当使用 REST API 或 `client-go` 库时，你必须在删除选项中将 `propagationPolicy` 当使用 REST API 或 `client-go` 库时，你必须在 `-d` 选项中将 `propagationPolicy`
设置为 `Background` 或 `Foreground`。例如： 设置为 `Background` 或 `Foreground`。例如：
```shell ```shell
kubectl proxy --port=8080 kubectl proxy --port=8080
curl -X DELETE 'localhost:8080/apis/apps/v1/namespaces/default/replicasets/frontend' \ curl -X DELETE 'localhost:8080/apis/apps/v1/namespaces/default/replicasets/frontend' \
-d '{"kind":"DeleteOptions","apiVersion":"v1","propagationPolicy":"Foreground"}' \ -d '{"kind":"DeleteOptions","apiVersion":"v1","propagationPolicy":"Foreground"}' \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" -H "Content-Type: application/json"
``` ```
<!-- <!--
### Deleting just a ReplicaSet ### Deleting just a ReplicaSet
You can delete a ReplicaSet without affecting any of its Pods using [`kubectl delete`](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands#delete) with the `-cascade=orphan` option. You can delete a ReplicaSet without affecting any of its Pods using [`kubectl delete`](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands#delete) with the `--cascade=orphan` option.
When using the REST API or the `client-go` library, you must set `propagationPolicy` to `Orphan`. When using the REST API or the `client-go` library, you must set `propagationPolicy` to `Orphan`.
For example: For example:
--> -->
### 只删除 ReplicaSet ### 只删除 ReplicaSet {#deleting-just-a-replicaset}
你可以只删除 ReplicaSet 而不影响它的 Pods，方法是使用 你可以只删除 ReplicaSet 而不影响它的 Pods，方法是使用
[`kubectl delete`](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands#delete) [`kubectl delete`](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands#delete)
@@ -489,8 +489,8 @@ curl -X DELETE 'localhost:8080/apis/apps/v1/namespaces/default/replicasets/fron
<!-- <!--
Once the original is deleted, you can create a new ReplicaSet to replace it. As long Once the original is deleted, you can create a new ReplicaSet to replace it. As long
as the old and new `.spec.selector` are the same, then the new one will adopt the old pods. as the old and new `.spec.selector` are the same, then the new one will adopt the old Pods.
However, it will not make any effort to make existing pods match a new, different pod template. However, it will not make any effort to make existing Pods match a new, different pod template.
To update Pods to a new spec in a controlled way, use a To update Pods to a new spec in a controlled way, use a
[Deployment](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/#creating-a-deployment), as ReplicaSets do not support a rolling update directly. [Deployment](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/#creating-a-deployment), as ReplicaSets do not support a rolling update directly.
--> -->
@@ -502,16 +502,15 @@ To update Pods to a new spec in a controlled way, use a
资源，因为 ReplicaSet 并不直接支持滚动更新。 资源，因为 ReplicaSet 并不直接支持滚动更新。
<!-- <!--
### Isolating pods from a ReplicaSet ### Isolating Pods from a ReplicaSet
Pods may be removed from a ReplicaSet's target set by changing their labels. This technique may be used to remove pods You can remove Pods from a ReplicaSet by changing their labels. This technique may be used to remove Pods
from service for debugging, data recovery, etc. Pods that are removed in this way will be replaced automatically ( from service for debugging, data recovery, etc. Pods that are removed in this way will be replaced automatically (
assuming that the number of replicas is not also changed). assuming that the number of replicas is not also changed).
--> -->
### 将 Pod 从 ReplicaSet 中隔离 ### 将 Pod 从 ReplicaSet 中隔离 {#isolating-pods-from-a-replicaset}
可以通过改变标签来从 ReplicaSet 的目标集中移除 Pod。 可以通过改变标签来从 ReplicaSet 中移除 Pod。
这种技术可以用来从服务中去除 Pod，以便进行排错、数据恢复等。 这种技术可以用来从服务中去除 Pod，以便进行排错、数据恢复等。
以这种方式移除的 Pod 将被自动替换（假设副本的数量没有改变）。 以这种方式移除的 Pod 将被自动替换（假设副本的数量没有改变）。
@@ -519,9 +518,9 @@ from service for debugging, data recovery, etc. Pods that are removed in this wa
### Scaling a ReplicaSet ### Scaling a ReplicaSet
A ReplicaSet can be easily scaled up or down by simply updating the `.spec.replicas` field. The ReplicaSet controller A ReplicaSet can be easily scaled up or down by simply updating the `.spec.replicas` field. The ReplicaSet controller
ensures that a desired number of pods with a matching label selector are available and operational. ensures that a desired number of Pods with a matching label selector are available and operational.
--> -->
### 缩放 RepliaSet ### 缩放 RepliaSet {#scaling-a-replicaset}
通过更新 `.spec.replicas` 字段，ReplicaSet 可以被轻松的进行缩放。ReplicaSet 通过更新 `.spec.replicas` 字段，ReplicaSet 可以被轻松的进行缩放。ReplicaSet
控制器能确保匹配标签选择器的数量的 Pod 是可用的和可操作的。 控制器能确保匹配标签选择器的数量的 Pod 是可用的和可操作的。
@@ -551,7 +550,7 @@ prioritize scaling down pods based on the following general algorithm:
[特性门控](/zh/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/) [特性门控](/zh/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/)
被启用时，创建时间是按整数幂级来分组的）。 被启用时，创建时间是按整数幂级来分组的）。
如果以上比较结果都相同，则随机选择。 如果以上比较结果都相同，则随机选择。
<!-- <!--
### Pod deletion cost ### Pod deletion cost
@@ -601,7 +600,7 @@ kube-controller-manager 设置
--> -->
- 此机制实施时仅是尽力而为，并不能对 Pod 的删除顺序作出任何保证； - 此机制实施时仅是尽力而为，并不能对 Pod 的删除顺序作出任何保证；
- 用户应避免频繁更新注解值，例如根据某观测度量值来更新此注解值是应该避免的。 - 用户应避免频繁更新注解值，例如根据某观测度量值来更新此注解值是应该避免的。
这样做会在 API 服务器上产生大量的 Pod 更新操作。 这样做会在 API 服务器上产生大量的 Pod 更新操作。
{{< /note >}} {{< /note >}}
<!-- <!--
@@ -613,7 +612,7 @@ should update `controller.kubernetes.io/pod-deletion-cost` once before issuing a
annotation to a value proportional to pod utilization level). This works if the application itself controls annotation to a value proportional to pod utilization level). This works if the application itself controls
the down scaling; for example, the driver pod of a Spark deployment. the down scaling; for example, the driver pod of a Spark deployment.
--> -->
#### 使用场景示例 #### 使用场景示例 {#example-use-case}
同一应用的不同 Pods 可能其利用率是不同的。在对应用执行缩容操作时，可能 同一应用的不同 Pods 可能其利用率是不同的。在对应用执行缩容操作时，可能
希望移除利用率较低的 Pods。为了避免频繁更新 Pods，应用应该在执行缩容 希望移除利用率较低的 Pods。为了避免频繁更新 Pods，应用应该在执行缩容
@@ -623,14 +622,14 @@ the down scaling; for example, the driver pod of a Spark deployment.
是可以起作用的。 是可以起作用的。
<!-- <!--
### ReplicaSet as an Horizontal Pod Autoscaler Target ### ReplicaSet as a Horizontal Pod Autoscaler Target
A ReplicaSet can also be a target for A ReplicaSet can also be a target for
[Horizontal Pod Autoscalers (HPA)](/docs/tasks/run-application/horizontal-pod-autoscale/). That is, [Horizontal Pod Autoscalers (HPA)](/docs/tasks/run-application/horizontal-pod-autoscale/). That is,
a ReplicaSet can be auto-scaled by an HPA. Here is an example HPA targeting a ReplicaSet can be auto-scaled by an HPA. Here is an example HPA targeting
the ReplicaSet we created in the previous example. the ReplicaSet we created in the previous example.
--> -->
### ReplicaSet 作为水平的 Pod 自动缩放器目标 ### ReplicaSet 作为水平的 Pod 自动缩放器目标 {#replicaset-as-a-horizontal-pod-autoscaler-target}
ReplicaSet 也可以作为 ReplicaSet 也可以作为
[水平的 Pod 缩放器 (HPA)](/zh/docs/tasks/run-application/horizontal-pod-autoscale/) [水平的 Pod 缩放器 (HPA)](/zh/docs/tasks/run-application/horizontal-pod-autoscale/)
@@ -642,7 +641,7 @@ ReplicaSet 也可以作为
<!-- <!--
Saving this manifest into `hpa-rs.yaml` and submitting it to a Kubernetes cluster should Saving this manifest into `hpa-rs.yaml` and submitting it to a Kubernetes cluster should
create the defined HPA that autoscales the target ReplicaSet depending on the CPU usage create the defined HPA that autoscales the target ReplicaSet depending on the CPU usage
of the replicated pods. of the replicated Pods.
--> -->
将这个列表保存到 `hpa-rs.yaml` 并提交到 Kubernetes 集群，就能创建它所定义的 将这个列表保存到 `hpa-rs.yaml` 并提交到 Kubernetes 集群，就能创建它所定义的
HPA，进而就能根据复制的 Pod 的 CPU 利用率对目标 ReplicaSet进行自动缩放。 HPA，进而就能根据复制的 Pod 的 CPU 利用率对目标 ReplicaSet进行自动缩放。
@@ -655,7 +654,7 @@ kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/controllers/hpa-rs.yaml
Alternatively, you can use the `kubectl autoscale` command to accomplish the same Alternatively, you can use the `kubectl autoscale` command to accomplish the same
(and it's easier!) (and it's easier!)
--> -->
或者，可以使用 `kubectl autoscale` 命令完成相同的操作。 (而且它更简单！) 或者，可以使用 `kubectl autoscale` 命令完成相同的操作。（而且它更简单！）
```shell ```shell
kubectl autoscale rs frontend --max=10 --min=3 --cpu-percent=50 kubectl autoscale rs frontend --max=10 --min=3 --cpu-percent=50
@@ -664,7 +663,7 @@ kubectl autoscale rs frontend --max=10 --min=3 --cpu-percent=50
<!-- <!--
## Alternatives to ReplicaSet ## Alternatives to ReplicaSet
### Deployment (Recommended) ### Deployment (recommended)
[`Deployment`](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/) is an object which can own ReplicaSets and update [`Deployment`](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/) is an object which can own ReplicaSets and update
them and their Pods via declarative, server-side rolling updates. them and their Pods via declarative, server-side rolling updates.
@@ -673,9 +672,9 @@ creation, deletion and updates. When you use Deployments you don't have to worry
they create. Deployments own and manage their ReplicaSets. they create. Deployments own and manage their ReplicaSets.
As such, it is recommended to use Deployments when you want ReplicaSets. As such, it is recommended to use Deployments when you want ReplicaSets.
--> -->
## ReplicaSet 的替代方案 ## ReplicaSet 的替代方案 {#alternatives-to-replicaset}
### Deployment （推荐） ### Deployment（推荐） {#deployment-recommended}
[`Deployment`](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/) 是一个 [`Deployment`](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/) 是一个
可以拥有 ReplicaSet 并使用声明式方式在服务器端完成对 Pods 滚动更新的对象。 可以拥有 ReplicaSet 并使用声明式方式在服务器端完成对 Pods 滚动更新的对象。
@@ -689,7 +688,7 @@ As such, it is recommended to use Deployments when you want ReplicaSets.
Unlike the case where a user directly created Pods, a ReplicaSet replaces Pods that are deleted or terminated for any reason, such as in the case of node failure or disruptive node maintenance, such as a kernel upgrade. For this reason, we recommend that you use a ReplicaSet even if your application requires only a single Pod. Think of it similarly to a process supervisor, only it supervises multiple Pods across multiple nodes instead of individual processes on a single node. A ReplicaSet delegates local container restarts to some agent on the node (for example, Kubelet or Docker). Unlike the case where a user directly created Pods, a ReplicaSet replaces Pods that are deleted or terminated for any reason, such as in the case of node failure or disruptive node maintenance, such as a kernel upgrade. For this reason, we recommend that you use a ReplicaSet even if your application requires only a single Pod. Think of it similarly to a process supervisor, only it supervises multiple Pods across multiple nodes instead of individual processes on a single node. A ReplicaSet delegates local container restarts to some agent on the node (for example, Kubelet or Docker).
--> -->
### 裸 Pod ### 裸 Pod {#bare-pods}
与用户直接创建 Pod 的情况不同，ReplicaSet 会替换那些由于某些原因被删除或被终止的 与用户直接创建 Pod 的情况不同，ReplicaSet 会替换那些由于某些原因被删除或被终止的
Pod，例如在节点故障或破坏性的节点维护（如内核升级）的情况下。 Pod，例如在节点故障或破坏性的节点维护（如内核升级）的情况下。
@@ -713,9 +712,9 @@ Use a [`Job`](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/job/) instead of a ReplicaSet
<!-- <!--
### DaemonSet ### DaemonSet
Use a [`DaemonSet`](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/daemonset/) instead of a ReplicaSet for pods that provide a Use a [`DaemonSet`](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/daemonset/) instead of a ReplicaSet for Pods that provide a
machine-level function, such as machine monitoring or machine logging. These pods have a lifetime that is tied machine-level function, such as machine monitoring or machine logging. These Pods have a lifetime that is tied
to a machine lifetime: the pod needs to be running on the machine before other pods start, and are to a machine lifetime: the Pod needs to be running on the machine before other Pods start, and are
safe to terminate when the machine is otherwise ready to be rebooted/shutdown. safe to terminate when the machine is otherwise ready to be rebooted/shutdown.
--> -->
### DaemonSet ### DaemonSet
@@ -756,6 +755,8 @@ ReplicaSet 是 [ReplicationController](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/r
* 了解 [Pods](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/pods)。 * 了解 [Pods](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/pods)。
* 了解 [Deployments](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/)。 * 了解 [Deployments](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/)。
* [使用 Deployment 运行一个无状态应用](/zh/docs/tasks/run-application/run-stateless-application-deployment/)，它依赖于 ReplicaSet。 * [使用 Deployment 运行一个无状态应用](/zh/docs/tasks/run-application/run-stateless-application-deployment/)，它依赖于 ReplicaSet。
* `ReplicaSet` 是 Kubernetes REST API 中的顶级资源。阅读 {{< api-reference page="workload-resources/replica-set-v1" >}} * `ReplicaSet` 是 Kubernetes REST API 中的顶级资源。阅读
对象定义理解关于该资源的 API。 {{< api-reference page="workload-resources/replica-set-v1" >}}
* 阅读[Pod 干扰预算（Disruption Budget）](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/disruptions/)，了解如何在干扰下运行高度可用的应用。 对象定义理解关于该资源的 API。
* 阅读 [Pod 干扰预算（Disruption Budget）](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/disruptions/)，
了解如何在干扰下运行高度可用的应用。