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ZH-trans: merge release1.16-temporary to master (#18217)

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* zh-trans:/docs/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/ephemeral-containers.md (#16948)

* update zh-trans of define-environment-variable-container.md (#16999)

Signed-off-by: Yixiang2019 <wang.yixiang@zte.com.cn>

* update chinese docs (#16985)

* Fix ordered list (#16988)

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update

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* zh-trans:/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-upgrade-phase.md (#16951)

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update

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update

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* Remove redundant symbol and fix some ordered list (#17000)

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update

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* update-zh-translation/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-init.md (#16997)

* update zh translation kubeadm-reset.md kubeadm-upgrade.md (#16992)

* Create kubeadm_join_phase_control-plane-join_all.md (#16987)

* Update web-ui-dashboard.md (#16976)

* update format problem (#16956)

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update

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* zh-trans:/docs/docs/concepts/storage/volume-pvc-datasource.md (#17021)

* update zh translation /docs/reference/access-authn-authz/webhook.md (#16860)

* fix confict update zh translation (#16863)

* zh-trans:/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/disruptions.md (#16983)

* zh-trans:/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/disruptions.md

* Update content/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/disruptions.md

Co-Authored-By: Qiming <tengqim@cn.ibm.com>

* update zh translation content/zh/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kube-scheduler.md (#17006)

* Update RC's link (#16935)

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Update

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update the style

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* Update the links for /zh/docs/setup (#16938)

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* zh-trans:/docs/docs/concepts/services-networking/dual-stack.md (#17024)

* update zh translation /reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm.md (#17036)

* update zh tanslation /reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_kubelet_config_download.md (#17037)

* update zh translation -/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha.md (#17038)

* update zh translation /docs/contribute/participating.md (#17040)

* Fix cri-o's links to match English docs (#16936)

Signed-off-by: PingWang <wang.ping5@zte.com.cn>

* update zh translation content/zh/docs/reference/kubectl/jsonpath.md (#16862)

* update zh translation /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_token_generate.md (#17049)

* update Unkown ->  Unknown (#17062)

* zh-translation:high-availability.md (#16960)

Signed-off-by: yuxiaobo <yuxiaobogo@163.com>

* update Runnning -> Running (#17061)

* zh-trans:/docs/docs/concepts/storage/volume-snapshots.md (#17054)

* update zh transation /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_reset.md (#17060)

* update zh translation /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_token_create.md (#17052)

* update zh translation /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_token.md (#17055)

* update zh translation update-zh-translation-/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_token_list.md (#17048)

* update zh-translation:ha-topology.md (#17099)

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* zh-trans /reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_config_images_list.md (#17093)

* update zh translation /reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init_phase_certs_all.md (#17083)

* Add Chinese translation for scheduler-perf-tuning (#17087)

Signed-off-by: GeorgeSen <wang.sen2@zte.com.cn>

Add Chinese translation for scheduler-perf-tuning

Signed-off-by: GeorgeSen <wang.sen2@zte.com.cn>

Add Chinese translation for scheduler-perf-tuning

Signed-off-by: GeorgeSen <wang.sen2@zte.com.cn>

Add Chinese translation for scheduler-perf-tuning

Signed-off-by: GeorgeSen <wang.sen2@zte.com.cn>

* zh trans content/zh/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/control-plane-flags.md (#17121)

* update zh trans content/zh/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/service-access-application-cluster.md (#17122)

* zh-translation:content/zh/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/namespaces-walkthrough.md (#17105)

Signed-off-by: yuxiaobo <yuxiaobogo@163.com>

* update-zh-translation-/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_config_migrate.md (#17091)

* update zh trans /docs/setup/learning-environment/minikube.md (#17143)

* update zh trans /zh/docs/reference/_index.md (#17146)

* update zh trans /docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/port-forward-access-application-cluster.md (#17134)

* update zh translation 20191020-update-zh-translation-/docs/contribute/localization.md (#17046)

* update zh trans /docs/reference/using-api/client-libraries.md (#17144)

* update zh trans /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_version.md (#17145)

* update zh /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_upgrade_node.md (#17131)

* update zh translation /reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init_phase_certs_front-proxy-client.md (#17081)

* update zh translation /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init_phase_kubeconfig.md (#17078)

* add zh translation /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_join_phase_control-plane-join_update-status.md (#17076)

* update zh trans content/zh/docs/contribute/generate-ref-docs/kubectl.md (#17165)

* update zh translation /reference/command-line-tools-reference/kube-proxy.md (#17107)

* zh-trans:/docs/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-topology-spread-const… (#16955)

* zh-trans:/docs/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-topology-spread-constraints.md

* Update pod-topology-spread-constraints.md

* zh-trans:/docs/concepts/configuration/scheduling-framework.md (#17088)

* update zh translation /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init_phase_upload-config_kubelet.md (#17079)

* update zh translation /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init_phase_control-plane_apiserver.md (#17077)

* update zh translation /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_join_phase_control-plane-join.md (#17075)

* update zh translation /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_token_delete.md (#17050)

* update zh trans /docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/namespaces.md (#17205)

* update zh trans /docs/concepts/overview/what-is-kubernetes.md (#17203)

* pr_release-1.16_crictl (#17201)

* update zh docs/tasks/administer-cluster/dns-debugging-resolution.md (#17186)

* update zh trans content/zh/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/field-selectors.md (#17191)

* translate configure_upgrade_etcd (#17160)

* translate kubeadm_upgrade_apply (#17159)

* update zh /docs/tasks/job/coarse-parallel-processing-work-queue.md (#17155)

* translate docs/setup/release/version-skew-policy.md to Chinese (#17142)

* update zh trans content/zh/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/create-external-load-balancer.md (#17124)

* zh-trans replace the wrong translation (#17103)

zh-trans replace the wrong translation

* Merged 1.14~1.16 changes (#17117)

* zh-trans:/docs/concepts/configuration/assign-pod-node.md (#17129)

* update zh trans /docs/contribute/generate-ref-docs/kubernetes-api.md (#17161)

* pr_release-1.16_basic-ss (#17169)

* Add zh-trans of assign-cpu-resource.md (#17063)

Signed-off-by: heqg <he.qingguo@zte.com.cn>

Add zh-trans of assign-cpu-resource.md

Signed-off-by: heqg <he.qingguo@zte.com.cn>

Add zh-trans of assign-cpu-resource.md

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Add zh-trans of assign-cpu-resource.md

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Add zh-trans of assign-cpu-resource.md

Signed-off-by: heqg <he.qingguo@zte.com.cn>

* update zh trans content/zh/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/common-labels.md (#17193)

* update zh translation /docs/contribute/intermediate.md (#17041)

* zh-trans:docs/setup/production-environment/turnkey/tencent.md (#17207)

* pr_release-1.16_mysql-wordpress-pv (#17202)

* pr_release-1.16_reconfig-kubelet (#17200)

* zh-trans:/docs/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/jobs-run-completio… (#17020)

* zh-trans:/docs/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/jobs-run-completion.md

* Update jobs-run-completion.md

* Update jobs-run-completion.md

* update zh trans content/zh/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/extend-cluster.md (#17212)

* update zh trans content/zh/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/apiserver-aggregation.md (#17213)

* add zh trans /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_join_phase_control-plane-prepare_kubeconfig.md (#17220)

kubeadm_join_phase_control-plane-prepare_download-certs.md

* add zh trans /reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init_phase_certs.md and /reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_join_phase_control-plane-prepare.md (#17219)

* update zh trans content/zh/docs/concepts/containers/images.md (#17216)

* ZH-trans: add _index.md (#17214)

* ZH-trans: add _index.md

* add _index.md file

* add _index.md files

* pr_release-1.16_crd-versions (#17198)

* update zh translation /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_config_images_pull.md (#17092)

* zh-trans /reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_config_images.md (#17094)

* add zh trans content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init_phase_addon_kube-proxy.md   and   content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init_phase_certs_sa.md (#17222)

* add zh trans content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_join_phase_control-plane-prepare_all.md  content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_join_phase_control-plane-prepare_certs.md (#17221)

* add zh trans content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init_phase_addon_all.md (#17223)

* 013 /docs/concepts/services networking/ingress.md (#17185)

* x

* update zh trans content/zh/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress.md

* zh-trans:/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_completion.md and kubeadm_config.md (#17097)

* add zh trans reference/glossary/pod-lifecycle (#17226)

* update zh-translation document (#17096)

Signed-off-by: yuxiaobo <yuxiaobogo@163.com>

* update zh-translation:setup-ha-etcd-with-kubeadm.md (#17098)

Signed-off-by: yuxiaobo <yuxiaobogo@163.com>

* add zh trans /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_selfhosting.md and /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_kubelet_config_enable-dynamic.md (#17227)

* add zh trans /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_kubeconfig_user.md and /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init_phase_upload-config_kubeadm.md (#17228)

* zh-translation:content/zh/docs/tasks/extend-kubectl/kubectl-plugins.md (#17089)

Signed-off-by: yuxiaobo <yuxiaobogo@163.com>

* update zh translation /docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_join.md (#17080)

* update zh translation /reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_config_view.md (#17085)

* zh-translation:troubleshooting-kubeadm.md (#17069)

Signed-off-by: yuxiaobo <yuxiaobogo@163.com>

* zh-trans: docs/concepts/scheduling/kube-scheduler.md (#17067)

* Add Chinese translation for kube-scheduler

Signed-off-by: GeorgeSen <wang.sen2@zte.com.cn>

Add Chinese translation for kube-scheduler

Signed-off-by: GeorgeSen <wang.sen2@zte.com.cn>

Add Chinese translation for kube-scheduler

Signed-off-by: GeorgeSen <wang.sen2@zte.com.cn>

Add Chinese translation for kube-scheduler

Signed-off-by: GeorgeSen <wang.sen2@zte.com.cn>

Add Chinese translation for kube-scheduler

Signed-off-by: GeorgeSen <wang.sen2@zte.com.cn>

Add Chinese translation for kube-scheduler

Signed-off-by: GeorgeSen <wang.sen2@zte.com.cn>

Add Chinese translation for kube-scheduler

Signed-off-by: GeorgeSen <wang.sen2@zte.com.cn>

Add Chinese translation for kube-scheduler

Signed-off-by: GeorgeSen <wang.sen2@zte.com.cn>

* Update kube-scheduler.md

* Add Chinese translation for kube-scheduler

* Update kube-scheduler.md

* Update kube-scheduler.md

* Update kube-scheduler.md

* translate pods.md  and init-containers.md for branch release-1.16 (#17208)

* update zh translation /docs/contribute/start.md (#17039)

* zh-translation:2017-10-00-Five-Days-Of-Kubernetes-18.md (#17229)

Signed-off-by: yuxiaobo <yuxiaobogo@163.com>

* translate kubeadm-certs.md (#17090)

* update the Illegal comment such as : (<！--、<--) (#17266)

* add zh trans content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init_phase.md and content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init_phase_certs_etcd-ca.md (#17268)

* update zh /docs/concepts/architecture/cloud-controller.md (#17263)

* update zh /docs/concepts/cluster-administration/logging.md (#17247)

* modify the show of zh translation /concepts/overview/what-is-kubernetes.md /reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init.md  /reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-init.md (#17246)

* zh-translation:kubeadm_init_phase_control-plane_all.md (#17243)

Signed-off-by: yuxiaobo <yuxiaobogo@163.com>

* zh-translation:kubeadm_join_phase_control-plane-join_etcd.md (#17236)

Signed-off-by: yuxiaobo <yuxiaobogo@163.com>

* add zh trans content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init_phase_kubelet-start.md and content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init_phase_upload-certs.md (#17230)

* add content/zh/docs/reference/glossary/container-runtime.md file fix-up to pass the ci and trans content/zh/docs/reference/glossary/container-runtime.md、content/zh/docs/concepts/overview/components.md (#17211)

* zh-translation:mirror-pod.md (#17231)

Signed-off-by: yuxiaobo <yuxiaobogo@163.com>

* zh-translation:kubeadm_init_phase_upload-config.md (#17238)

Signed-off-by: yuxiaobo <yuxiaobogo@163.com>

* update zh /docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview.md (#17239)

* update the format of zh translation content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_reset.md content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_upgrade.md   content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_upgrade_apply.md  content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_upgrade_plan.md  content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-config.md  content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-reset.md  content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-token.md  content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-upgrade.md (#17248)

* Create advanced.md (#17256)

* Create advanced.md

* trans the advanced.md and fix the build bugs

* add zh trans content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init_phase_control-plane.md and content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init_phase_control-plane_scheduler.md (#17269)

* zh-translation:kubelet-integration.md (#17272)

Signed-off-by: yuxiaobo <yuxiaobogo@163.com>

* pr_release-1.16_out-of-resource (#17199)

* add zh trans content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init_phase_certs_front-proxy-ca.md and content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init_phase_control-plane_controller-manager.md (#17267)

* add zh trans content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init_phase_certs_etcd-peer.md and content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init_phase_kubeconfig_admin.md (#17271)

* pr_release-1.16_ext-admission-ctl (#17196)

* update zh translation /docs/contribute/advanced.md (#17042)

* add zh trans content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init_phase_certs_apiserver-etcd-client.md and content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init_phase_certs_ca.md (#17275)

* add zh trans content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_config_print.md update zh trans content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_config.md、content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_config_print_init-defaults.md (#17282)

* add zh trans  content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated… (#17287)

* add zh trans  content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init_phase_etcd.md content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init_phase_upload-config_all.md update zh trans content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init_phase_control-plane.md

* Update kubeadm_init_phase_etcd.md

* add zh trans content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/… (#17285)

* add zh trans content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_certs_renew_etcd-server.md content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_kubelet.md update zh trans content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_certs_renew_apiserver.md

* Update kubeadm_alpha_kubelet.md

* add zh trans content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_certs_renew_all.md and content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init_phase_addon.md fix-up bad comment kubeadm_alpha_certs_renew.md、kubeadm_alpha_certs_renew_apiserver-etcd-client.md、kubeadm_init_phase_addon_all.md (#17276)

* add zh trans content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/… (#17281)

* add zh trans content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init_phase_etcd_local.md and content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_config_print_join-defaults.md

* Update kubeadm_init_phase_etcd_local.md

* zh trans update-daemon-set.md (#16872)

* zh trans update-daemon-set.md

* Update update-daemon-set.md

* managing-tls-in-a-cluster.md (#16874)

* update-api-object-kubectl-patch.md (#16875)

* improve the zh trans /kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init_phase_.* 1 (#17295)

* improve the zh trans content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_config_.* (#17294)

* modify the zh translation content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubea… (#17293)

* modify the zh translation content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_.*

* Update kubeadm_alpha.md

* add zh trans content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init_phase_kubeconfig_all.md and content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init_phase_preflight.md (#17280)

* add zh /docs/reference/glossary/cgroup.md (#17291)

* add zh trans content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_kubelet_config.md、content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init_phase_certs_apiserver-kubelet-client.md (#17288)

* improve zh trans of command in /kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init_phase_.* files (#17297)

* improve zh command translation /kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init_.* files (#17298)

* update zh trans in /kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_.* files (#17306)

* add zh trans /reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_certs_renew_etcd-healthcheck-client.md、/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_certs_renew_etcd-peer.md、/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_kubeconfig.md (#17308)

* Improve previously translated documents (#17327)

Signed-off-by: yuxiaobo <yuxiaobogo@163.com>

* zh-trans: docs/setup/production-environment/turnkey/aws.md (#17320)

* Update zh.toml

* update zh trans /generated/kubeadm_join_phase_.* files (#17301)

* Update zh.toml

* add zh /docs/reference/glossary/pod-disruption-budget.md (#17344)

* pr_release-1.16_config-aggregation-layer (#17197)

* add zh trans content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_certs_renew_controller-manager.conf.md、content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_certs_renew_scheduler.conf.md (#17390)

* add zh trans content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init_phase_kubeconfig_scheduler.md、content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_join_phase.md、content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_join_phase_control-plane-prepare_control-plane.md (#17381)

* add zh trans content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_alpha_certs_renew_apiserver-kubelet-client.md、content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_join_phase_control-plane-join_mark-control-plane.md、content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_join_phase_kubelet-start.md (#17380)

* add zh trans content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init_phase_addon_coredns.md、content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init_phase_bootstrap-token.md、content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/kubeadm_init_phase_certs_apiserver.md (#17383)

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* Broken Link (#17546)

Issue available at https://kubernetes.io/zh/docs/concepts/containers/runtime-class/
and introduced by original English documentation (see #17543)

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Signed-off-by: Yixiang2019 <wang.yixiang@zte.com.cn>

update zh-trans of define-command-argument-container.md

Signed-off-by: Yixiang2019 <wang.yixiang@zte.com.cn>

Add back the Original English

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update title of define-command-argument-container.md

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update reference of define-command-argument-container.md

Signed-off-by: Yixiang2019 <wang.yixiang@zte.com.cn>

* ZH-trans: fix multiple jump links and update files (#17603)

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Signed-off-by: yuxiaobo <yuxiaobogo@163.com>

* Update container-runtimes.md

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* Sorry, wrong commit, roll back...

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* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: Qiming <tengqim@cn.ibm.com>

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Co-authored-by: ZhongliangXiong <xiong.zhongliang@zte.com.cn>
Co-authored-by: Yixiang Wang <wang.yixiang@zte.com.cn>
Co-authored-by: li mengyang <hwdef97@gmail.com>
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Co-authored-by: lichuqiang <lichuqiang@huawei.com>
Co-authored-by: lpf7551321 <liupengfei20@huawei.com>
Co-authored-by: Hongcai Ren <renhongcai@huawei.com>
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Co-authored-by: liufangwai <liufangwai@huawei.com>
Co-authored-by: wangcong <congfairy2536@gmail.com>
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Co-authored-by: Kubernetes Prow Robot <k8s-ci-robot@users.noreply.github.com>
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This commit is contained in:
LiuDui
2019-12-25 08:51:29 +08:00
committed by Kubernetes Prow Robot
parent 9135bdbe6d
commit b8b2cc7c74
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content/zh/docs/tasks/job/_index.md
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---
title: "运行 Jobs"
weight: 50
---
<!--
---
title: "Run Jobs"
weight: 50
---
-->
---
title: "运行任务"
weight: 50
---
content/zh/docs/tasks/job/coarse-parallel-processing-work-queue.md
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---
title: 使用工作队列进行粗粒度并行处理
content_template: templates/task
weight: 30
---
<!--
---
title: Coarse Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue
content_template: templates/task
weight: 30
---
-->
{{% capture overview %}}
<!--
In this example, we will run a Kubernetes Job with multiple parallel
worker processes.
In this example, as each pod is created, it picks up one unit of work
from a task queue, completes it, deletes it from the queue, and exits.
Here is an overview of the steps in this example:
1. **Start a message queue service.** In this example, we use RabbitMQ, but you could use another
one. In practice you would set up a message queue service once and reuse it for many jobs.
1. **Create a queue, and fill it with messages.** Each message represents one task to be done. In
this example, a message is just an integer that we will do a lengthy computation on.
1. **Start a Job that works on tasks from the queue**. The Job starts several pods. Each pod takes
one task from the message queue, processes it, and repeats until the end of the queue is reached.
-->
本例中，我们会运行包含多个并行工作进程的 Kubernetes Job。
本例中，每个 Pod 一旦被创建，会立即从任务队列中取走一个工作单元并完成它，然后将工作单元从队列中删除后再退出。
下面是本次示例的主要步骤：
1. **启动一个消息队列服务** 本例中，我们使用 RabbitMQ，你也可以用其他的消息队列服务。在实际工作环境中，你可以创建一次消息队列服务然后在多个任务中重复使用。
1. **创建一个队列，放上消息数据** 每个消息表示一个要执行的任务。本例中，每个消息是一个整数值。我们将基于这个整数值执行很长的计算操作。
1. **启动一个在队列中执行这些任务的 Job**。该 Job 启动多个 Pod。每个 Pod 从消息队列中取走一个任务，处理它，然后重复执行，直到队列的队尾。
{{% /capture %}}
{{% capture prerequisites %}}
<!--
Be familiar with the basic,
non-parallel, use of [Job](/docs/concepts/jobs/run-to-completion-finite-workloads/).
-->
要熟悉 Job 基本用法（非并行的），请参考 [Job](/docs/concepts/jobs/run-to-completion-finite-workloads/)。
{{< include "task-tutorial-prereqs.md" >}} {{< version-check >}}
{{% /capture %}}
{{% capture steps %}}
<!--
## Starting a message queue service
This example uses RabbitMQ, but it should be easy to adapt to another AMQP-type message service.
In practice you could set up a message queue service once in a
cluster and reuse it for many jobs, as well as for long-running services.
Start RabbitMQ as follows:
-->
## 启动消息队列服务
本例使用了 RabbitMQ，使用其他 AMQP 类型的消息服务应该比较容易。
在实际工作中，在集群中一次性部署某个消息队列服务，之后在很多 Job 中复用，包括需要长期运行的服务。
按下面的方法启动 RabbitMQ：
```shell
$ kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/release-1.3/examples/celery-rabbitmq/rabbitmq-service.yaml
service "rabbitmq-service" created
$ kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/release-1.3/examples/celery-rabbitmq/rabbitmq-controller.yaml
replicationcontroller "rabbitmq-controller" created
```
<!--
We will only use the rabbitmq part from the [celery-rabbitmq example](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/release-1.3/examples/celery-rabbitmq).
-->
我们仅用到 [celery-rabbitmq 示例](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/release-1.3/examples/celery-rabbitmq) 中描述的部分功能。
<!--
## Testing the message queue service
Now, we can experiment with accessing the message queue. We will
create a temporary interactive pod, install some tools on it,
and experiment with queues.
First create a temporary interactive Pod.
-->
## 测试消息队列服务
现在，我们可以试着访问消息队列。我们将会创建一个临时的可交互的 Pod，在它上面安装一些工具，然后用队列做实验。
首先创建一个临时的可交互的 Pod：
```shell
# 创建一个临时的可交互的 Pod
$ kubectl run -i --tty temp --image ubuntu:14.04
Waiting for pod default/temp-loe07 to be running, status is Pending, pod ready: false
... [ previous line repeats several times .. hit return when it stops ] ...
```
<!--
Note that your pod name and command prompt will be different.
Next install the `amqp-tools` so we can work with message queues.
-->
请注意你的 Pod 名称和命令提示符将会不同。
接下来安装 `amqp-tools` ，这样我们就能用消息队列了。
```shell
# 安装一些工具
root@temp-loe07:/# apt-get update
.... [ lots of output ] ....
root@temp-loe07:/# apt-get install -y curl ca-certificates amqp-tools python dnsutils
.... [ lots of output ] ....
```
<!--
Later, we will make a docker image that includes these packages.
Next, we will check that we can discover the rabbitmq service:
-->
后续，我们将制作一个包含这些包的 Docker 镜像。
接着，我们将要验证我们发现 RabbitMQ 服务：
<!--
# Note the rabbitmq-service has a DNS name, provided by Kubernetes:
-->
<!--
# Your address will vary.
-->
```
# 请注意 rabbitmq-service 有Kubernetes 提供的 DNS 名称，
root@temp-loe07:/# nslookup rabbitmq-service
Server: 10.0.0.10
Address: 10.0.0.10#53
Name: rabbitmq-service.default.svc.cluster.local
Address: 10.0.147.152
# 你的 IP 地址将会发生变化。
```
<!--
If Kube-DNS is not setup correctly, the previous step may not work for you.
You can also find the service IP in an env var:
-->
如果 Kube-DNS 没有正确安装，上一步可能会出错。
你也可以在环境变量中找到服务 IP。
<!--
# Your address will vary.
-->
```
# env | grep RABBIT | grep HOST
RABBITMQ_SERVICE_SERVICE_HOST=10.0.147.152
# 你的 IP 地址将会发生变化。
```
<!--
Next we will verify we can create a queue, and publish and consume messages.
-->
接着我们将要确认可以创建队列，并能发布消息和消费消息。
<!--
# In the next line, rabbitmq-service is the hostname where the rabbitmq-service
# can be reached. 5672 is the standard port for rabbitmq.
-->
<!--
# If you could not resolve "rabbitmq-service" in the previous step,
# then use this command instead:
# root@temp-loe07:/# BROKER_URL=amqp://guest:guest@$RABBITMQ_SERVICE_SERVICE_HOST:5672
# Now create a queue:
-->
<!--
# and publish a message to it:
-->
<!--
# and get it back.
-->
```shell
# 下一行，rabbitmq-service 是访问 rabbitmq-service 的主机名。5672是 rabbitmq 的标准端口。
root@temp-loe07:/# export BROKER_URL=amqp://guest:guest@rabbitmq-service:5672
# 如果上一步中你不能解析 "rabbitmq-service"，可以用下面的命令替换：
# root@temp-loe07:/# BROKER_URL=amqp://guest:guest@$RABBITMQ_SERVICE_SERVICE_HOST:5672
# 现在创建队列：
root@temp-loe07:/# /usr/bin/amqp-declare-queue --url=$BROKER_URL -q foo -d foo
# 向它推送一条消息:
root@temp-loe07:/# /usr/bin/amqp-publish --url=$BROKER_URL -r foo -p -b Hello
# 然后取回它.
root@temp-loe07:/# /usr/bin/amqp-consume --url=$BROKER_URL -q foo -c 1 cat && echo
Hello
root@temp-loe07:/#
```
<!--
In the last command, the `amqp-consume` tool takes one message (`-c 1`)
from the queue, and passes that message to the standard input of an arbitrary command. In this case, the program `cat` is just printing
out what it gets on the standard input, and the echo is just to add a carriage
return so the example is readable.
-->
最后一个命令中， `amqp-consume` 工具从队列中取走了一个消息，并把该消息传递给了随机命令的标准输出。在这种情况下，`cat` 只会打印它从标准输入或得的内容，echo 只会添加回车符以便示例可读。
<!--
## Filling the Queue with tasks
Now lets fill the queue with some "tasks". In our example, our tasks are just strings to be
printed.
In a practice, the content of the messages might be:
- names of files to that need to be processed
- extra flags to the program
- ranges of keys in a database table
- configuration parameters to a simulation
- frame numbers of a scene to be rendered
-->
## 为队列增加任务
现在让我们给队列增加一些任务。在我们的示例中，任务是多个待打印的字符串。
实践中，消息的内容可以是：
- 待处理的文件名
- 程序额外的参数
- 数据库表的关键字范围
- 模拟任务的配置参数
- 待渲染的场景的帧序列号
<!--
In practice, if there is large data that is needed in a read-only mode by all pods
of the Job, you will typically put that in a shared file system like NFS and mount
that readonly on all the pods, or the program in the pod will natively read data from
a cluster file system like HDFS.
For our example, we will create the queue and fill it using the amqp command line tools.
In practice, you might write a program to fill the queue using an amqp client library.
-->
本例中，如果有大量的数据需要被 Job 的所有 Pod 读取，典型的做法是把它们放在一个共享文件系统中，如NFS，并以只读的方式挂载到所有 Pod，或者 Pod 中的程序从类似 HDFS 的集群文件系统中读取。
例如，我们创建队列并使用 amqp 命令行工具向队列中填充消息。实践中，你可以写个程序来利用 amqp 客户端库来填充这些队列。
```shell
$ /usr/bin/amqp-declare-queue --url=$BROKER_URL -q job1 -d job1
$ for f in apple banana cherry date fig grape lemon melon
do
/usr/bin/amqp-publish --url=$BROKER_URL -r job1 -p -b $f
done
```
<!--
So, we filled the queue with 8 messages.
## Create an Image
Now we are ready to create an image that we will run as a job.
We will use the `amqp-consume` utility to read the message
from the queue and run our actual program. Here is a very simple
example program:
-->
这样，我们给队列中填充了8个消息。
## 创建镜像
现在我们可以创建一个做为 Job 来运行的镜像。
我们将用 `amqp-consume` 来从队列中读取消息并实际运行我们的程序。这里给出一个非常简单的示例程序：
{{< codenew language="python" file="application/job/rabbitmq/worker.py" >}}
<!--
Now, build an image. If you are working in the source
tree, then change directory to `examples/job/work-queue-1`.
Otherwise, make a temporary directory, change to it,
download the [Dockerfile](/examples/application/job/rabbitmq/Dockerfile),
and [worker.py](/examples/application/job/rabbitmq/worker.py). In either case,
build the image with this command:
-->
现在，编译镜像。如果你在用源代码树，那么切换到目录 `examples/job/work-queue-1`。否则的话，创建一个临时目录，切换到这个目录。下载 [Dockerfile](/examples/application/job/rabbitmq/Dockerfile)，和 [worker.py](/examples/application/job/rabbitmq/worker.py)。无论哪种情况，都可以用下面的命令编译镜像
```shell
$ docker build -t job-wq-1 .
```
<!--
For the [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/), tag your app image with
your username and push to the Hub with the below commands. Replace
`<username>` with your Hub username.
-->
对于 [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/), 给你的应用镜像打上标签，标签为你的用户名，然后用下面的命令推送到 Hub。用你的 Hub 用户名替换 `<username>`。
```shell
docker tag job-wq-1 <username>/job-wq-1
docker push <username>/job-wq-1
```
<!--
If you are using [Google Container
Registry](https://cloud.google.com/tools/container-registry/), tag
your app image with your project ID, and push to GCR. Replace
`<project>` with your project ID.
-->
如果你在用[谷歌容器仓库](https://cloud.google.com/tools/container-registry/)，用你的项目 ID 作为标签打到你的应用镜像上，然后推送到 GCR。用你的项目 ID 替换 `<project>`。
```shell
docker tag job-wq-1 gcr.io/<project>/job-wq-1
gcloud docker -- push gcr.io/<project>/job-wq-1
```
<!--
## Defining a Job
Here is a job definition. You'll need to make a copy of the Job and edit the
image to match the name you used, and call it `./job.yaml`.
-->
## 定义 Job
这里给出一个 Job 定义 yaml文件。你需要拷贝一份并编辑镜像以匹配你使用的名称，保存为 `./job.yaml`。
{{< codenew file="application/job/rabbitmq/job.yaml" >}}
<!--
In this example, each pod works on one item from the queue and then exits.
So, the completion count of the Job corresponds to the number of work items
done. So we set, `.spec.completions: 8` for the example, since we put 8 items in the queue.
## Running the Job
So, now run the Job:
-->
本例中，每个 Pod 使用队列中的一个消息然后退出。这样，Job 的完成计数就代表了完成的工作项的数量。本例中我们设置 `.spec.completions: 8`，因为我们放了8项内容在队列中。
## 运行 Job
现在我们运行 Job：
```shell
kubectl create -f ./job.yaml
```
<!--
Now wait a bit, then check on the job.
-->
稍等片刻，然后检查 Job。
```shell
$ kubectl describe jobs/job-wq-1
Name: job-wq-1
Namespace: default
Selector: controller-uid=41d75705-92df-11e7-b85e-fa163ee3c11f
Labels: controller-uid=41d75705-92df-11e7-b85e-fa163ee3c11f
job-name=job-wq-1
Annotations: <none>
Parallelism: 2
Completions: 8
Start Time: Wed, 06 Sep 2017 16:42:02 +0800
Pods Statuses: 0 Running / 8 Succeeded / 0 Failed
Pod Template:
Labels: controller-uid=41d75705-92df-11e7-b85e-fa163ee3c11f
job-name=job-wq-1
Containers:
c:
Image: gcr.io/causal-jigsaw-637/job-wq-1
Port:
Environment:
BROKER_URL: amqp://guest:guest@rabbitmq-service:5672
QUEUE: job1
Mounts: <none>
Volumes: <none>
Events:
FirstSeen LastSeen Count From SubobjectPath Type Reason Message
───────── ──────── ───── ──── ───────────── ────── ────── ───────
27s 27s 1 {job } Normal SuccessfulCreate Created pod: job-wq-1-hcobb
27s 27s 1 {job } Normal SuccessfulCreate Created pod: job-wq-1-weytj
27s 27s 1 {job } Normal SuccessfulCreate Created pod: job-wq-1-qaam5
27s 27s 1 {job } Normal SuccessfulCreate Created pod: job-wq-1-b67sr
26s 26s 1 {job } Normal SuccessfulCreate Created pod: job-wq-1-xe5hj
15s 15s 1 {job } Normal SuccessfulCreate Created pod: job-wq-1-w2zqe
14s 14s 1 {job } Normal SuccessfulCreate Created pod: job-wq-1-d6ppa
14s 14s 1 {job } Normal SuccessfulCreate Created pod: job-wq-1-p17e0
```
<!--
All our pods succeeded. Yay.
-->
我们所有的 Pod 都成功了。耶！
{{% /capture %}}
{{% capture discussion %}}
<!--
## Alternatives
This approach has the advantage that you
do not need to modify your "worker" program to be aware that there is a work queue.
It does require that you run a message queue service.
If running a queue service is inconvenient, you may
want to consider one of the other [job patterns](/docs/concepts/jobs/run-to-completion-finite-workloads/#job-patterns).
-->
## 替代方案
本文所讲述的处理方法的好处是你不需要修改你的 "worker" 程序使其知道工作队列的存在。
本文所描述的方法需要你运行一个消息队列服务。如果不方便运行消息队列服务，你也许会考虑另外一种[任务模式](/docs/concepts/jobs/run-to-completion-finite-workloads/#job-patterns)。
<!--
This approach creates a pod for every work item. If your work items only take a few seconds,
though, creating a Pod for every work item may add a lot of overhead. Consider another
[example](/docs/tasks/job/fine-parallel-processing-work-queue/), that executes multiple work items per Pod.
In this example, we used use the `amqp-consume` utility to read the message
from the queue and run our actual program. This has the advantage that you
do not need to modify your program to be aware of the queue.
A [different example](/docs/tasks/job/fine-parallel-processing-work-queue/), shows how to
communicate with the work queue using a client library.
-->
本文所述的方法为每个工作项创建了一个 Pod。如果你的工作项仅需数秒钟，为每个工作项创建 Pod会增加很多的常规消耗。可以考虑另外的方案请参考[示例](/docs/tasks/job/fine-parallel-processing-work-queue/)，这种方案可以实现每个 Pod 执行多个工作项。
示例中，我们使用 `amqp-consume` 从消息队列读取消息并执行我们真正的程序。这样的好处是你不需要修改你的程序使其知道队列的存在。要了解怎样使用客户端库和工作队列通信，请参考[不同的示例](/docs/tasks/job/fine-parallel-processing-work-queue/)。
<!--
## Caveats
If the number of completions is set to less than the number of items in the queue, then
not all items will be processed.
If the number of completions is set to more than the number of items in the queue,
then the Job will not appear to be completed, even though all items in the queue
have been processed. It will start additional pods which will block waiting
for a message.
There is an unlikely race with this pattern. If the container is killed in between the time
that the message is acknowledged by the amqp-consume command and the time that the container
exits with success, or if the node crashes before the kubelet is able to post the success of the pod
back to the api-server, then the Job will not appear to be complete, even though all items
in the queue have been processed.
-->
## 友情提醒
如果设置的完成数量小于队列中的消息数量，会导致一部分消息项不会被执行。
如果设置的完成数量大于队列中的消息数量，当队列中所有的消息都处理完成后，Job 也会显示为未完成。Job 将创建 Pod 并阻塞等待消息输入。
当发生下面两种情况时，即使队列中所有的消息都处理完了，Job 也不会显示为完成状态：
* 在 amqp-consume 命令拿到消息和容器成功退出之间的时间段内，执行杀死容器操作；
* 在 kubelet 向 api-server 传回 Pod 成功运行之前，发生节点崩溃。
{{% /capture %}}
content/zh/docs/tasks/job/fine-parallel-processing-work-queue.md
+7 -2
View File
@@ -40,17 +40,22 @@ Here is an overview of the steps in this example:
detect when a finite-length work queue is empty. In practice you would set up a store such
as Redis once and reuse it for the work queues of many jobs, and other things.
-->
1. **启动存储服务用于保存工作队列。** 在这个例子中，我们使用 Redis 来存储工作项。在上一个例子中，我们使用了 RabbitMQ。在这个例子中，由于 AMQP 不能为客户端提供一个良好的方法来检测一个有限长度的工作队列是否为空，我们使用了 Redis 和一个自定义的工作队列客户端库。在实践中，您可能会设置一个类似于 Redis 的存储库，并将其同时用于多项任务或其他事务的工作队列。
<!--
1. **Create a queue, and fill it with messages.** Each message represents one task to be done. In
this example, a message is just an integer that we will do a lengthy computation on.
-->
1. **创建一个队列，然后向其中填充消息。** 每个消息表示一个将要被处理的工作任务。在这个例子中，消息只是一个我们将用于进行长度计算的整数。
2. **创建一个队列，然后向其中填充消息。** 每个消息表示一个将要被处理的工作任务。在这个例子中，消息只是一个我们将用于进行长度计算的整数。
<!--
1. **Start a Job that works on tasks from the queue**. The Job starts several pods. Each pod takes
one task from the message queue, processes it, and repeats until the end of the queue is reached.
-->
1. **启动一个 Job 对队列中的任务进行处理**。这个 Job 启动了若干个 Pod 。每个 Pod 从消息队列中取出一个工作任务，处理它，然后重复，直到到达队列的尾部。
3. **启动一个 Job 对队列中的任务进行处理**。这个 Job 启动了若干个 Pod 。每个 Pod 从消息队列中取出一个工作任务，处理它，然后重复，直到到达队列的尾部。
{{% /capture %}}
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@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
---
title: 使用扩展进行并行处理
content_template: templates/concept
weight: 20
---
<!--
---
title: Parallel Processing using Expansions
content_template: templates/concept
weight: 20
---
-->
{{% capture overview %}}
<!--
In this example, we will run multiple Kubernetes Jobs created from
a common template. You may want to be familiar with the basic,
non-parallel, use of [Jobs](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/jobs-run-to-completion/) first.
-->
在这个示例中，我们将运行从一个公共模板创建的多个 Kubernetes 作业。您可能希望熟悉
[Jobs](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/jobs-run-to-completion/) 的基本、非并行使用。
{{% /capture %}}
{{% capture body %}}
<!--
## Basic Template Expansion
-->
## 基本模板扩展
<!--
First, download the following template of a job to a file called `job-tmpl.yaml`
-->
首先，将以下作业模板下载到名为 `job-tmpl.yaml` 的文件中
{{< codenew file="application/job/job-tmpl.yaml" >}}
<!--
Unlike a *pod template*, our *job template* is not a Kubernetes API type. It is just
a yaml representation of a Job object that has some placeholders that need to be filled
in before it can be used. The `$ITEM` syntax is not meaningful to Kubernetes.
-->
与 *pod 模板*不同，我们的 *job 模板*不是 Kubernetes API 类型。它只是作业对象的 yaml 表示，
YAML 文件有一些占位符，在使用它之前需要填充这些占位符。`$ITEM` 语法对 Kubernetes 没有意义。
<!--
In this example, the only processing the container does is to `echo` a string and sleep for a bit.
In a real use case, the processing would be some substantial computation, such as rendering a frame
of a movie, or processing a range of rows in a database. The `$ITEM` parameter would specify for
example, the frame number or the row range.
-->
在这个例子中，容器所做的唯一处理是 `echo` 一个字符串并休眠一段时间。
在真实的用例中，处理将是一些重要的计算，例如呈现电影的帧，或者处理数据库中的一系列行。例如，`$ITEM` 参数将指定帧号或行范围。
<!--
This Job and its Pod template have a label: `jobgroup=jobexample`. There is nothing special
to the system about this label.
This label makes it convenient to operate on all the jobs in this group at once.
We also put the same label on the pod template so that we can check on all Pods of these Jobs
with a single command.
After the job is created, the system will add more labels that distinguish one Job's pods
from another Job's pods.
Note that the label key `jobgroup` is not special to Kubernetes. You can pick your own label scheme.
-->
这个作业及其 Pod 模板有一个标签: `jobgroup=jobexample`。这个标签在系统中没有什么特别之处。
这个标签使得我们可以方便地同时操作组中的所有作业。
我们还将相同的标签放在 pod 模板上，这样我们就可以用一个命令检查这些作业的所有 pod。
创建作业之后，系统将添加更多的标签来区分一个作业的 pod 和另一个作业的 pod。
注意，标签键 `jobgroup` 对 Kubernetes 并无特殊含义。您可以选择自己的标签方案。
<!--
Next, expand the template into multiple files, one for each item to be processed.
-->
下一步，将模板展开到多个文件中，每个文件对应要处理的项。
```shell
# Expand files into a temporary directory
$ mkdir ./jobs
$ for i in apple banana cherry
do
cat job-tmpl.yaml | sed "s/\$ITEM/$i/" > ./jobs/job-$i.yaml
done
```
<!--
Check if it worked:
-->
检查是否工作正常：
```shell
$ ls jobs/
job-apple.yaml
job-banana.yaml
job-cherry.yaml
```
<!--
Here, we used `sed` to replace the string `$ITEM` with the loop variable.
You could use any type of template language (jinja2, erb) or write a program
to generate the Job objects.
-->
在这里，我们使用 `sed` 将字符串 `$ITEM` 替换为循环变量。
您可以使用任何类型的模板语言(jinja2, erb) 或编写程序来生成作业对象。
<!--
Next, create all the jobs with one kubectl command:
-->
接下来，使用 kubectl 命令创建所有作业：
```shell
$ kubectl create -f ./jobs
job "process-item-apple" created
job "process-item-banana" created
job "process-item-cherry" created
```
<!--
Now, check on the jobs:
-->
现在，检查这些作业：
```shell
$ kubectl get jobs -l jobgroup=jobexample
NAME DESIRED SUCCESSFUL AGE
process-item-apple 1 1 31s
process-item-banana 1 1 31s
process-item-cherry 1 1 31s
```
<!--
Here we use the `-l` option to select all jobs that are part of this
group of jobs. (There might be other unrelated jobs in the system that we
do not care to see.)
-->
在这里，我们使用 `-l` 选项选择属于这组作业的所有作业。(系统中可能还有其他不相关的工作，我们不想看到。)
<!--
We can check on the pods as well using the same label selector:
-->
我们可以检查 pod 以及使用同样地标签选择器：
```shell
$ kubectl get pods -l jobgroup=jobexample
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
process-item-apple-kixwv 0/1 Completed 0 4m
process-item-banana-wrsf7 0/1 Completed 0 4m
process-item-cherry-dnfu9 0/1 Completed 0 4m
```
<!--
There is not a single command to check on the output of all jobs at once,
but looping over all the pods is pretty easy:
-->
没有一个命令可以一次检查所有作业的输出，但是循环遍历所有 pod 非常简单：
```shell
$ for p in $(kubectl get pods -l jobgroup=jobexample -o name)
do
kubectl logs $p
done
Processing item apple
Processing item banana
Processing item cherry
```
<!--
## Multiple Template Parameters
-->
## 多个模板参数
<!--
In the first example, each instance of the template had one parameter, and that parameter was also
used as a label. However label keys are limited in [what characters they can
contain](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labels/#syntax-and-character-set).
-->
在第一个示例中，模板的每个实例都有一个参数，该参数也用作标签。
但是标签的键名在[可包含的字符](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labels/#syntax-and-character-set)方面有一定的约束。
<!--
This slightly more complex example uses the jinja2 template language to generate our objects.
We will use a one-line python script to convert the template to a file.
-->
这个稍微复杂一点的示例使用 jinja2 板语言来生成我们的对象。
我们将使用一行 python 脚本将模板转换为文件。
<!--
First, copy and paste the following template of a Job object, into a file called `job.yaml.jinja2`:
-->
首先，粘贴作业对象的以下模板到一个名为 `job.yaml.jinja2` 的文件中：
```liquid
{%- set params = [{ "name": "apple", "url": "http://www.orangepippin.com/apples", },
{ "name": "banana", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banana", },
{ "name": "raspberry", "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.org/" }]
%}
{%- for p in params %}
{%- set name = p["name"] %}
{%- set url = p["url"] %}
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
name: jobexample-{{ name }}
labels:
jobgroup: jobexample
spec:
template:
metadata:
name: jobexample
labels:
jobgroup: jobexample
spec:
containers:
- name: c
image: busybox
command: ["sh", "-c", "echo Processing URL {{ url }} && sleep 5"]
restartPolicy: Never
---
{%- endfor %}
```
<!--
The above template defines parameters for each job object using a list of
python dicts (lines 1-4). Then a for loop emits one job yaml object
for each set of parameters (remaining lines).
We take advantage of the fact that multiple yaml documents can be concatenated
with the `---` separator (second to last line).
.) We can pipe the output directly to kubectl to
create the objects.
-->
上面的模板使用 python dicts 列表（第1-4行）定义每个作业对象的参数。
然后 for 循环为每组参数（剩余行）生成一个作业 yaml 对象。
我们利用了多个 yaml 文档可以与 `---` 分隔符连接的事实（倒数第二行）。
我们可以将输出直接传递给 kubectl 来创建对象。
<!--
You will need the jinja2 package if you do not already have it: `pip install --user jinja2`.
Now, use this one-line python program to expand the template:
-->
如果您还没有 jinja2 包则需要安装它: `pip install --user jinja2`。
现在，使用这个一行 python 程序来展开模板:
```shell
alias render_template='python -c "from jinja2 import Template; import sys; print(Template(sys.stdin.read()).render());"'
```
<!--
The output can be saved to a file, like this:
-->
输出可以保存到一个文件，像这样：
```shell
cat job.yaml.jinja2 | render_template > jobs.yaml
```
<!--
Or sent directly to kubectl, like this:
-->
或直接发送到 kubectl，如下所示：
```shell
cat job.yaml.jinja2 | render_template | kubectl create -f -
```
<!--
## Alternatives
-->
## 替代方案
<!--
If you have a large number of job objects, you may find that:
-->
如果您有大量作业对象，您可能会发现：
<!--
- Even using labels, managing so many Job objects is cumbersome.
- You exceed resource quota when creating all the Jobs at once,
and do not want to wait to create them incrementally.
- Very large numbers of jobs created at once overload the
Kubernetes apiserver, controller, or scheduler.
-->
- 即使使用标签，管理这么多作业对象也很麻烦。
- 在一次创建所有作业时，您超过了资源配额，可是您也不希望以递增方式创建作业并等待其完成。
- 同时创建的大量作业会使 Kubernetes apiserver、控制器或调度程序过载。
<!--
In this case, you can consider one of the
other [job patterns](/docs/concepts/jobs/run-to-completion-finite-workloads/#job-patterns).
-->
在这种情况下，您可以考虑
其他[工作模式](/docs/concepts/jobs/run-to-completion-finite-workloads/#job-patterns)。
{{% /capture %}}