Create garbage collection docs
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---
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title: Finalizers
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content_type: concept
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weight: 60
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---
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<!-- overview -->
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{{<glossary_definition term_id="finalizer" length="long">}}
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You can use finalizers to control {{<glossary_tooltip text="garbage collection" term_id="garbage-collection">}}
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of resources by alerting {{<glossary_tooltip text="controllers" term_id="controller">}} to perform specific cleanup tasks before
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deleting the target resource.
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Finalizers don't usually specify the code to execute. Instead, they are
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typically lists of keys on a specific resource similar to annotations.
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Kubernetes specifies some finalizers automatically, but you can also specify
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your own.
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## How finalizers work
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When you create a resource using a manifest file, you can specify finalizers in
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the `metadata.finalizers` field. When you attempt to delete the resource, the
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controller that manages it notices the values in the `finalizers` field and does
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the following:
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* Modifies the object to add a `metadata.deletionTimestamp` field with the
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time you started the deletion.
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* Marks the object as read-only until its `metadata.finalizers` field is empty.
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The controller then attempts to satisfy the requirements of the finalizers
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specified for that resource. Each time a finalizer condition is satisfied, the
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controller removes that key from the resource's `finalizers` field. When the
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field is empty, garbage collection continues. You can also use finalizers to
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prevent deletion of unmanaged resources.
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A common example of a finalizer is `kubernetes.io/pv-protection`, which prevents
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accidental deletion of `PersistentVolume` objects. When a `PersistentVolume`
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object is in use by a Pod, Kubernetes adds the `pv-protection` finalizer. If you
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try to delete the `PersistentVolume`, it enters a `Terminating` status, but the
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controller can't delete it because the finalizer exists. When the Pod stops
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using the `PersistentVolume`, Kubernetes clears the `pv-protection` finalizer,
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and the controller deletes the volume.
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## Owner references, labels, and finalizers {#owners-labels-finalizers}
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Like {{<glossary_tooltip text="labels" term_id="label">}}, [owner references](/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/owners-dependents/)
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describe the relationships between objects in Kubernetes, but are used for a
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different purpose. When a
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{{<glossary_tooltip text="controllers" term_id="controller">}} manages objects
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like Pods, it uses labels to track changes to groups of related objects. For
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example, when a {{<glossary_tooltip text="Job" term_id="job">}} creates one or
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more Pods, the Job controller applies labels to those pods and tracks changes to
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any Pods in the cluster with the same label.
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The Job controller also adds *owner references* to those Pods, pointing at the
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Job that created the Pods. If you delete the Job while these Pods are running,
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Kubernetes uses the owner references (not labels) to determine which Pods in the
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cluster need cleanup.
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Kubernetes also processes finalizers when it identifies owner references on a
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resource targeted for deletion.
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In some situations, finalizers can block the deletion of dependent objects,
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which can cause the targeted owner object to remain in a read-only state for
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longer than expected without being fully deleted. In these situations, you
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should check finalizers and owner references on the target owner and dependent
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objects to troubleshoot the cause.
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{{<note>}}
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In cases where objects are stuck in a deleting state, try to avoid manually
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removing finalizers to allow deletion to continue. Finalizers are usually added
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to resources for a reason, so forcefully removing them can lead to issues in
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your cluster.
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{{</note>}}
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## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
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* Read [Using Finalizers to Control Deletion](/blog/2021/05/14/using-finalizers-to-control-deletion/)
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on the Kubernetes blog.
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@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
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---
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title: Owners and Dependents
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content_type: concept
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weight: 60
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---
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<!-- overview -->
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In Kubernetes, some objects are *owners* of other objects. For example, a
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{{<glossary_tooltip text="ReplicaSet" term_id="replica-set">}} is the owner of a set of Pods. These owned objects are *dependents*
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of their owner.
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Ownership is different from the [labels and selectors](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labels/)
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mechanism that some resources also use. For example, consider a Service that
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creates `EndpointSlice` objects. The Service uses labels to allow the control plane to
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determine which `EndpointSlice` objects are used for that Service. In addition
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to the labels, each `EndpointSlice` that is managed on behalf of a Service has
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an owner reference. Owner references help different parts of Kubernetes avoid
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interfering with objects they don’t control.
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## Owner references in object specifications
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Dependent objects have a `metadata.ownerReferences` field that references their
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owner object. A valid owner reference consists of the object name and a UID
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within the same namespace as the dependent object. Kubernetes sets the value of
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this field automatically for objects that are dependents of other objects like
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ReplicaSets, DaemonSets, Deployments, Jobs and CronJobs, and ReplicationControllers.
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You can also configure these relationships manually by changing the value of
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this field. However, you usually don't need to and can allow Kubernetes to
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automatically manage the relationships.
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Dependent objects also have an `ownerReferences.blockOwnerDeletion` field that
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takes a boolean value and controls whether specific dependents can block garbage
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collection from deleting their owner object. Kubernetes automatically sets this
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field to `true` if a {{<glossary_tooltip text="controller" term_id="controller">}}
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(for example, the Deployment controller) sets the value of the
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`metadata.ownerReferences` field. You can also set the value of the
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`blockOwnerDeletion` field manually to control which dependents block garbage
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collection.
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A Kubernetes admission controller controls user access to change this field for
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dependent resources, based on the delete permissions of the owner. This control
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prevents unauthorized users from delaying owner object deletion.
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## Ownership and finalizers
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When you tell Kubernetes to delete a resource, the API server allows the
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managing controller to process any [finalizer rules](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/finalizers/)
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for the resource. {{<glossary_tooltip text="Finalizers" term_id="finalizer">}}
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prevent accidental deletion of resources your cluster may still need to function
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correctly. For example, if you try to delete a `PersistentVolume` that is still
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in use by a Pod, the deletion does not happen immediately because the
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`PersistentVolume` has the `kubernetes.io/pv-protection` finalizer on it.
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Instead, the volume remains in the `Terminating` status until Kubernetes clears
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the finalizer, which only happens after the `PersistentVolume` is no longer
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bound to a Pod.
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Kubernetes also adds finalizers to an owner resource when you use either
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[foreground or orphan cascading deletion](/docs/concepts/architecture/garbage-collection/#cascading-deletion).
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In foreground deletion, it adds the `foreground` finalizer so that the
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controller must delete dependent resources that also have
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`ownerReferences.blockOwnerDeletion=true` before it deletes the owner. If you
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specify an orphan deletion policy, Kubernetes adds the `orphan` finalizer so
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that the controller ignores dependent resources after it deletes the owner
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object.
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## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
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* Learn more about [Kubernetes finalizers](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/finalizers/).
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* Learn about [garbage collection](/docs/concepts/architecture/garbage-collection).
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* Read the API reference for [object metadata](/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/common-definitions/object-meta/#System).
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