Update localization guidelines (#10485)
* Update localization guidelines for language labels
Continuing work
Continuing work
Continuing work
More work in progress
Add local OWNERS folders
Add an OWNERS file to Chinese
Remove shortcode for repos
Add Japanese
Alphabetize languages, change weights accordingly
More updates
Add Korean in Korean
Add English to languageName
Feedback from gochist
Move Chinese content from cn/ to zh/
Move OWNERS from cn/ to zh/
Resolve merge conflicts by updating from master
Add files back in to prep for resolution
After rebase on upstream/master, remove files
Review and update localization guidelines
Feedback from gochist, tnir, cstoku
Add a trailing newline to content/ja/OWNERS
Add a trailing newline to content/zh/OWNERS
Drop requirement for GH repo project
Clarify language about forks/branches
Edits and typos
Remove a shortcode specific to a multi-repo language setup
Update aliases and owners
Add explicit OWNERS for content/en
Migrate content from Chinese repo, update regex in config.toml
Remove untranslated strings
Add trailing newline to content/en/OWNERS
Add trailing newlines to OWNERS files
add Jaguar project description (#10433)
* add Jaguar project description
[Jaguar](https://gitlab.com/sdnlab/jaguar) is an open source solution for Kubernetes's network based on OpenDaylight.
Jaguar provides overlay network using vxlan and Jaguar CNIPlugin provides one IP address per pod.
* Minor newline tweak
blog post for azure vmss (#10538)
Add microk8s to pick-right-solution.md (#10542)
* Add microk8s to pick-right-solution.md
Microk8s is a single-command installation of upstream Kubernetes on any Linux and should be included in the list of local-machine solutions.
* capitalized Istio
Add microk8s to foundational.md (#10543)
* Add microk8s to foundational.md
Adding microk8s as credible and stable alternative to get started with Kubernetes on a local machine. This is especially attractive for those not wanting to incur the overhead of running a VM for a local cluster.
* Update foundational.md
Thank you for your suggestions! LMK if this works now?
* Rewrote first paragraph
And included a bullet list of features of microk8s
* Copyedit
fix typo (#10545)
Fix the kubectl subcommands links. (#10550)
Signed-off-by: William Zhang <warmchang@outlook.com>
Fix command issue (#10515)
Signed-off-by: mooncake <xcoder@tenxcloud.com>
remove imported community files per issue 10184 (#10501)
networking.md: Markdown fix (#10498)
Fix front matter, federation command-line tools (#10500)
Clean up glossary entry (#10399)
update slack link (#10536)
typo in StatefulSet docs (#10558)
fix discription about horizontal pod autoscale (#10557)
Remove redundant symbols (#10556)
Fix issue #10520 (#10554)
Signed-off-by: William Zhang <warmchang@outlook.com>
Update api-concepts.md (#10534)
Revert "Fix command issue (#10515)"
This reverts commit c02a7fb9f9.
Update memory-constraint-namespace.md (#10530)
update memory request to 100MiB corresponding the yaml content
Blog: Introducing Volume Snapshot Alpha for Kubernetes (#10562)
* blog post for azure vmss
* snapshot blog post
Resolve merge conflicts in OWNERS*
Minor typo fix (#10567)
Not sure what's supposed to be here, proposing removing it.
* Feedback from gochist
Tweaks to feedback
* Feedback from ClaudiaJKang
This commit is contained in:
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approvers:
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- dchen1107
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- roberthbailey
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- liggitt
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title: Master 节点通信
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---
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{{< toc >}}
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## 概览
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本文对 Master 节点(确切说是 apiserver)和 Kubernetes 集群之间的通信路径进行了分类。目的是为了让用户能够自定义他们的安装,对网络配置进行加固,使得集群能够在不可信的网络上(或者在一个云服务商完全公共的 IP 上)运行。
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## Cluster -> Master
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所有从集群到 master 的通信路径都终止于 apiserver(其它 master 组件没有被设计为可暴露远程服务)。在一个典型的部署中,apiserver 被配置为在一个安全的 HTTPS 端口(443)上监听远程连接并启用一种或多种形式的客户端[身份认证](/docs/admin/authentication/)机制。一种或多种客户端[身份认证](/docs/admin/authentication/)机制应该被启用,特别是在允许使用 [匿名请求](/docs/admin/authentication/#anonymous-requests) 或 [service account tokens](/docs/admin/authentication/#service-account-tokens) 的时候。
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应该使用集群的公共根证书开通节点,如此它们就能够基于有效的客户端凭据安全的连接 apiserver。例如:在一个默认的 GCE 部署中,客户端凭据以客户端证书的形式提供给 kubelet。请查看 [kubelet TLS bootstrapping](/docs/admin/kubelet-tls-bootstrapping/) 获取如何自动提供 kubelet 客户端证书。
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想要连接到 apiserver 的 Pods 可以使用一个 service account 安全的进行连接。这种情况下,当 Pods 被实例化时 Kubernetes 将自动的把公共根证书和一个有效的不记名令牌注入到 pod 里。`kubernetes` service (所有 namespaces 中)都配置了一个虚拟 IP 地址,用于转发(通过 kube-proxy)请求到 apiserver 的 HTTPS endpoint。
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Master 组件通过非安全(没有加密或认证)端口和集群的 apiserver 通信。这个端口通常只在 master 节点的 localhost 接口暴露,这样,所有在相同机器上运行的 master 组件就能和集群的 apiserver 通信。一段时间以后,master 组件将变为使用带身份认证和权限验证的安全端口(查看[#13598](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/13598))。
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这样的结果使得从集群(在节点上运行的 nodes 和 pods)到 master 的缺省连接操作模式默认被保护,能够在不可信或公网中运行。
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## Master -> Cluster
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从 master(apiserver)到集群有两种主要的通信路径。第一种是从 apiserver 到集群中每个节点上运行的 kubelet 进程。第二种是从 apiserver 通过它的代理功能到任何 node、pod 或者 service。
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### apiserver -> kubelet
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从 apiserver 到 kubelet 的连接用于获取 pods 日志、连接(通过 kubectl)运行中的 pods,以及使用 kubele 的端口转发功能。这些连接终止于 kubelet 的 HTTPS endpoint。
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默认的,apiserver 不会验证 kubelet 的服务证书,这会导致连接遭到中间人攻击,因而在不可信或公共网络上是不安全的。
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为了对这个连接进行认证,请使用 `--kubelet-certificate-authority` 标记给 apiserver 提供一个根证书捆绑,用于 kubelet 的服务证书。
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如果这样不可能,又要求避免在不可信的或公共的网络上进行连接,请在 apiserver 和 kubelet 之间使用 [SSH 隧道](/docs/concepts/architecture/master-node-communication/#ssh-tunnels)。
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最后,应该启用[Kubelet 用户认证和/或权限认证](/docs/admin/kubelet-authentication-authorization/)来保护 kubelet API。
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### apiserver -> nodes, pods, and services
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从 apiserver 到 node、pod或者service 的连接默认为纯 HTTP 方式,因此既没有认证,也没有加密。他们能够通过给API URL 中的 node、pod 或 service 名称添加前缀 `https:` 来运行在安全的 HTTPS 连接上。但他们即不会认证 HTTPS endpoint 提供的证书,也不会提供客户端证书。这样虽然连接是加密的,但它不会提供任何完整性保证。这些连接**目前还不能安全的**在不可信的或公共的网络上运行。
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### SSH 隧道
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[Google Kubernetes Engine](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/) 使用 SSH 隧道保护 Master -> Cluster 通信路径。在这种配置下,apiserver 发起一个到集群中每个节点的 SSH 隧道(连接到在 22 端口监听的 ssh 服务)并通过这个隧道传输所有到 kubelet、node、pod 或者 service 的流量。这个隧道保证流量不会在集群运行的私有 GCE 网络之外暴露。
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