Revise “Encrypting Secret Data at Rest” (#18810)
* Drop reference to old Kubernetes versions At the time of writing, Kubernetes v1.13 is the oldest supported version, and encryption-at-rest is no longer alpha. * Tidy whitespace * Add table caption * Set metadata for required Kubernetes version
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@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ reviewers:
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- smarterclayton
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- smarterclayton
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title: Encrypting Secret Data at Rest
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title: Encrypting Secret Data at Rest
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content_template: templates/task
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content_template: templates/task
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min-kubernetes-server-version: 1.13
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---
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---
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{{% capture overview %}}
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{{% capture overview %}}
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@@ -13,9 +14,7 @@ This page shows how to enable and configure encryption of secret data at rest.
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* {{< include "task-tutorial-prereqs.md" >}} {{< version-check >}}
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* {{< include "task-tutorial-prereqs.md" >}} {{< version-check >}}
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* Kubernetes version 1.13.0 or later is required
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* etcd v3.0 or later is required
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* etcd v3 or later is required
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{{% /capture %}}
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{{% /capture %}}
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@@ -27,9 +26,6 @@ The `kube-apiserver` process accepts an argument `--encryption-provider-config`
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that controls how API data is encrypted in etcd. An example configuration
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that controls how API data is encrypted in etcd. An example configuration
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is provided below.
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is provided below.
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Note:
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The alpha version of the encryption feature prior to 1.13 used the `--experimental-encryption-provider-config` flag.
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## Understanding the encryption at rest configuration.
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## Understanding the encryption at rest configuration.
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```yaml
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```yaml
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@@ -69,10 +65,6 @@ resources from storage each provider that matches the stored data attempts to de
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order. If no provider can read the stored data due to a mismatch in format or secret key, an error
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order. If no provider can read the stored data due to a mismatch in format or secret key, an error
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is returned which prevents clients from accessing that resource.
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is returned which prevents clients from accessing that resource.
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Note:
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The alpha version of the encryption feature prior to 1.13 required to be configured with
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`kind: EncryptionConfig` and `apiVersion: v1`.
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{{< caution >}}
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{{< caution >}}
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**IMPORTANT:** If any resource is not readable via the encryption config (because keys were changed),
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**IMPORTANT:** If any resource is not readable via the encryption config (because keys were changed),
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the only recourse is to delete that key from the underlying etcd directly. Calls that attempt to
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the only recourse is to delete that key from the underlying etcd directly. Calls that attempt to
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@@ -81,6 +73,7 @@ read that resource will fail until it is deleted or a valid decryption key is pr
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### Providers:
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### Providers:
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{{< table caption="Providers for Kubernetes encryption at rest" >}}
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Name | Encryption | Strength | Speed | Key Length | Other Considerations
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Name | Encryption | Strength | Speed | Key Length | Other Considerations
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-----|------------|----------|-------|------------|---------------------
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-----|------------|----------|-------|------------|---------------------
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`identity` | None | N/A | N/A | N/A | Resources written as-is without encryption. When set as the first provider, the resource will be decrypted as new values are written.
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`identity` | None | N/A | N/A | N/A | Resources written as-is without encryption. When set as the first provider, the resource will be decrypted as new values are written.
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@@ -95,12 +88,12 @@ is the first provider, the first key is used for encryption.
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__Storing the raw encryption key in the EncryptionConfig only moderately improves your security posture, compared to no encryption.
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__Storing the raw encryption key in the EncryptionConfig only moderately improves your security posture, compared to no encryption.
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Please use `kms` provider for additional security.__ By default, the `identity` provider is used to protect secrets in etcd, which
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Please use `kms` provider for additional security.__ By default, the `identity` provider is used to protect secrets in etcd, which
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provides no encryption. `EncryptionConfiguration` was introduced to encrypt secrets locally, with a locally managed key.
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provides no encryption. `EncryptionConfiguration` was introduced to encrypt secrets locally, with a locally managed key.
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Encrypting secrets with a locally managed key protects against an etcd compromise, but it fails to protect against a host compromise.
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Encrypting secrets with a locally managed key protects against an etcd compromise, but it fails to protect against a host compromise.
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Since the encryption keys are stored on the host in the EncryptionConfig YAML file, a skilled attacker can access that file and
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Since the encryption keys are stored on the host in the EncryptionConfig YAML file, a skilled attacker can access that file and
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extract the encryption keys. This was a stepping stone in development to the `kms` provider, introduced in 1.10, and beta since 1.12. Envelope encryption
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extract the encryption keys.
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creates dependence on a separate key, not stored in Kubernetes. In this case, an attacker would need to compromise etcd, the
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kubeapi-server, and the third-party KMS provider to retrieve the plaintext values, providing a higher level of security than
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Envelope encryption creates dependence on a separate key, not stored in Kubernetes. In this case, an attacker would need to compromise etcd, the kubeapi-server, and the third-party KMS provider to retrieve the plaintext values, providing a higher level of security than locally-stored encryption keys.
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locally-stored encryption keys.
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## Encrypting your data
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## Encrypting your data
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@@ -217,5 +210,3 @@ and restart all `kube-apiserver` processes. Then run the command `kubectl get se
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to force all secrets to be decrypted.
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to force all secrets to be decrypted.
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{{% /capture %}}
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{{% /capture %}}
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