Official 1.18 Release Docs (#19116)

* Requesting for Approve Permisssions (#18550)

As I will be part of kubernetes 1.18 docs release team. Approve permissions will help me in approving the 1.18 docs enhnacemnts.

Signed-off-by: vineeth <vineethpothulapati@outlook.com>

* Change config on dev-1.18 branch to prepare for v1.18 release
 (#18557)

* Changed config.toml from v1.17 to v1.18

As a part of kubernetes 1.18 release work.

Signed-off-by: vineeth <vineethpothulapati@outlook.com>

* Removed the older prior version
i.e v1.13

Signed-off-by: vineeth <vineethpothulapati@outlook.com>

* Added missing v1.17 block into config.toml

Signed-off-by: vineeth <vineethpothulapati@outlook.com>

* Requesting for Approve Permisssions (#18550)

As I will be part of kubernetes 1.18 docs release team. Approve permissions will help me in approving the 1.18 docs enhnacemnts.

Signed-off-by: vineeth <vineethpothulapati@outlook.com>

* Change config on dev-1.18 branch to prepare for v1.18 release
 (#18557)

* Changed config.toml from v1.17 to v1.18

As a part of kubernetes 1.18 release work.

Signed-off-by: vineeth <vineethpothulapati@outlook.com>

* Removed the older prior version
i.e v1.13

Signed-off-by: vineeth <vineethpothulapati@outlook.com>

* Added missing v1.17 block into config.toml

Signed-off-by: vineeth <vineethpothulapati@outlook.com>

* add kubectl diff in common operations (#18665)

* bootstrap-tokens: promote to GA in 1.18 (#18428)

* Updated version for the HPA configurable scaling feature (#18965)

Signed-off-by: Arjun Naik <arjun.rn@gmail.com>

* kubeadm: add notes about deprecating kube-dns usage in 1.18 (#18851)

* kubeadm: add notes about deprecating kube-dns usage in 1.18

* implementation-details: update notes about DNS

* Sync up between dev-1.18 and master branches (#19055)

* Fixed outdated ECR credential debug message (#18631)

* Fixed outdated ECR credential debug message

The log message for troubleshooting kubelet auto fetching ECR credentils issue has been changed (noticed since 1.14), and the new message reads like this when verbose log level is set to 3:

      - `aws_credentials.go:109] unable to get ECR credentials from cache, checking ECR API`
      - `aws_credentials.go:116] Got ECR credentials from ECR API for <Your ECR AWS Account ID>.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com`

This is based on the kubelet source code: 
    https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/release-1.14/pkg/credentialprovider/aws/aws_credentials.go#L91

This PR is to fix this and to avoid confusion for more people who are troubleshooting the kubelet ECR issue.

* Update content/en/docs/concepts/containers/images.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Fix deployment name in docs/tasks/administer-cluster/dns-horizontal-autoscaling.md (#18772)

* ru/docs/tutorials/hello-minikube.md: sync with English translation. (#18687)

* content/ru/docs/concepts/_index.md: use English names for kinds. (#18613)

* Fix French typo in "when" section (#18786)

* First Japanese l10n work for release-1.16 (#18790)

* Translate concepts/services-networking/connect-applications-service/ into Japanese (#17710)

* Translate concepts/services-networking/connect-applications-service/ into Japanese

* Apply review

* Translate content/ja/docs/tasks/_index.md into Japanese (#17789)

* add task index

* huge page

* ja-docs: Update kops Installation Steps (#17804)

* Update /ja/docs/tasks/tools/install-minikube/ (#17711)

* Update /ja/docs/tasks/tools/install-minikube/

* Apply review

* Apply review

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/tools/install-minikube.md

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/tools/install-minikube.md

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Translate tasks/configure-pod-container/assign-cpu-resource/ in Japanese (#16160)

* copy from content/en/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/ to ja

* translate assign-cpu-resource.md in Japanese

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/assign-cpu-resource.md

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/assign-cpu-resource.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update assign-cpu-resource.md

ここの *request* と *limit* はほかの文中の単語とは異なり、YAMLのfieldを表すため、訳さないでおく

* fix translation

"Pod scheduling is based on requests." の箇所。
requestsに基づいているのは事実だが、直訳されたときになにを指すのかあいまいなので、対象を具体的に記述

* Translate concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/ in Japanese #14848 (#17794)

* ja-trans: Translate concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/ into Japanese (#14848)

* ja-trans: Improve Japanese translation in concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/ (#14848)

* ja-trans: Improve Japanese translation in concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/ (#14848)

* ja-trans: Improve Japanese translation in concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/ (#14848)

* little fix (#18135)

* update index (#18136)

* Update /ja/docs/setup/_index.md (#18139)

* Update /ja/docs/tasks/tools/install-kubectl/ (#18137)

* update /docs/ja/tasks/tools/install-kubectl/

* fix mongon

* apply reveiw

* Update /ja/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/ (#18141)

* Update feature agete

* tidy up feature gates list

* translate new lines

* table caption

* blank

* する -> します

* apply review

* fix broken link

* Update content/ja/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* update translation

* remove line

* Update content/ja/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* rollpack

* Update /ja/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/ (#18138)

* update /ja/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/

* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/services-networking/service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/services-networking/service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/services-networking/service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/services-networking/service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* consider Endpoints as a Kubernetes resource

* full

* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/_index.md (#18145)

* Update concepts

* control plane

* apply review

* fix bold (#18165)

* Update /ja/docs/concepts/overview/components.md (#18153)

* update /ja/docs/concepts/overview/components.md

* some japanese docs are already there

* translate prepend

* apply upstream changes (#18278)

* Translate concepts/services-networking/ingress into Japanese #17741 (#18234)

* ja-trans: Translate concepts/services-networking/ingress into Japanese (#17741)

* ja-trans: Improve Japanese translation in concepts/services-networking/ingress (#17741)

* ja-trans: Improve Japanese translation in concepts/services-networking/ingress (#17741)

* Update pod overview in Japanese (#18277)

* Update pod-overview

* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* ノード

* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Translate concepts/scheduling/scheduler-perf-tuning/ in Japanese #17119 (#17796)

* ja-trans: Translate concepts/scheduling/scheduler-perf-tuning/ into Japanese (#17119)

* ja-trans: Improve Japanese translation in concepts/scheduling/scheduler-perf-tuning/ (#17119)

* ja-trans: Improve Japanese translation in concepts/scheduling/scheduler-perf-tuning/ (#17119)

* ja-trans:conetent/ja/casestudies/nav (#18450)

* Translate tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service/ in Japanese (#18395)

* Translate tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service/ in Japanese

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Change all `Pods` to `Pod` and `Endpoints` to `Endpoint`

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Updated content pointed out in review

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Apply suggestions from review

* Apply suggestions form review

* Apply suggestions from review

* Apply suggestions from review

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>
Co-authored-by: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Translate concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/custom-resources/ into Japanese (#18200)

* Translate concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/custom-resources/ into Japanese

* Apply suggestions from code review between L1 an L120 by oke-py

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Apply suggestions from code review by oke-py

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update CustomResourceDefinition not to localize into Japanese

* Revert the link to customresourcedefinitions to English

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Apply suggestions from code review by oke-py and inductor

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>
Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Apply a suggestion from review by inductor

* Apply a suggestion from code review by oke-py

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Translate tasks/configure-pod-container/quality-service-pod/ into Japanese (#16173)

* copy from content/en/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/quality-service-pod.md to Ja

* Translate tasks/configure-pod-container/quality-service-pod/ into Japanese

Guaranteed, Burstable, BestEffortは用語として存在するので訳さない

Signed-off-by: Takuma Hashimoto <takumaxd+github@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/quality-service-pod.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/quality-service-pod.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/quality-service-pod.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/quality-service-pod.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Translate content/ja/docs/reference/kubectl/cheatsheet.md (#17739) (#18285)

* Translate content/ja/docs/reference/kubectl/cheatsheet.md (#17739)

* Translated kubectl cheet sheet.

* Fix typos in content/ja/docs/reference/kubectl/cheatsheet.md (#17739)

* Fix japanese style in content/ja/docs/reference/kubectl/cheatsheet.md

* Fix typo in content/ja/docs/reference/kubectl/cheatsheet.md

* Fix translation in content/ja/docs/reference/kubectl/cheatsheet.md

* Fix typo in content/ja/docs/reference/kubectl/cheatsheet.md

* Fix typo in content/ja/docs/reference/kubectl/cheatsheet.md

* Modify translation for casestudies (#18767)

* modify terminology

* add ten

* update translation

* update

* update

* update

* fix typo (#18769)

* remove english comment (#18770)

* ja-trans:conetent/ja/casestudies/spotify  (#18451)

* ja-trans: content/ja/case-studies/spotify

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Updated with the proposal  from inductor

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Updated with inductor 's proposal

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* ja-trans: content/ja/case-studies/spotify

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

Co-authored-by: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Translate Japanese headers (#18776)

* translate headers

* add index for references

* Update content/ja/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/_index.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* translate controller

Co-authored-by: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* ja-docs: translate install-kubeadm into Japanese (#18198)

* ja-docs: translate install-kubeadm into Japanese

* translate table title in install-kubeadm to Japanese

* update kubeadm install doc

* remove extra spaces

* fix translation miss

* translate url title into japanese

* fix translation miss

* remove line break in sentence and translate title

* remove extra line break

* remove extra line break

* fix translation miss

Co-authored-by: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Samuel Kihahu <kihahu@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Takuma Hashimoto <takuma-hashimoto@freee.co.jp>
Co-authored-by: Keita Akutsu <kakts.git@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Masa Taniguchi <maabou512@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Soto Sugita <sotoiwa@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Kozzy Hasebe <48105562+hasebe@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: kazuaki harada <canhel.4suti50y.salamander@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Shunsuke Miyoshi <s.miyoshi@jp.fujitsu.com>

* delete zh SEE ALSO(51-54) (#18788)

* Added missing brackets in markdown (#18783)

* Fix broken links in api_changes doc (#18743)

* fix jump (#18781)

* fix redundant note (#18780)

* Fix typo: default-manager -> default-scheduler (#18709)

like #18649 #18708

* fix issue #18738 (#18773)

Signed-off-by: Dominic Yin <yindongchao@inspur.com>

* Correct description of kubectl (#18172)

* Correct description of kubectl

Given that `kubectl` is not a [command line interface (CLI)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command-line_interface), I suggest calling it what it is -- a control utility (ctl = control). The term "tool" is commonly used in place of "utility," including the `kubectl` docs.

A CLI presents the user with a command prompt at which the user can enter multiple command lines that a command-line interpreter interprets and processes. Think of `bash`, `emacs`, or a SQL shell.  Since `kubectl` is not run in a shell, it is not a CLI.

Here are related docs that correctly refer to `kubectl` as a "command-line tool":

- https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/tools/#kubectl
- https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/glossary/?fundamental=true#term-kubectl
- https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/install-kubectl/
- https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/kubectl/

* Update content/en/docs/reference/kubectl/overview.md

Co-Authored-By: Zach Corleissen <zacharysarah@users.noreply.github.com>

Co-authored-by: Zach Corleissen <zacharysarah@users.noreply.github.com>

* Add blog post: Reviewing 2019 in Docs (#18662)

Tiny fix

Feedback from onlydole

Add missing link

Incremental fixes

Revise Jim's job title

Update content/en/blog/_posts/2020-01-17-Docs-Review-2019.md

Co-Authored-By: Celeste Horgan <celeste@cncf.io>

Feedback from celeste, change date

* Update OWNERS_ALIASES (#18803)

* Create Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md (#16869)

* Create Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-authored-by: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* blog: introduce CSI support for ephemeral inline volumes (#16832)

* csi-ephemeral-inline-volumes: introduce CSI support for ephemeral inline volumes

This was alpha in Kubernetes 1.15 and became beta in 1.16. Several CSI
drivers already support it (soon...).

* csi-ephemeral-inline-volumes: bump date and address feedback (NodeUnpublishVolume)

* csi-ephemeral-inline-volumes: add examples and next steps

* csi-ephemeral-inline-volumes: rename file, minor edits

* csi-ephemeral-inline-volumes: include Docker example

* Create 2019-12-10-Gamified-Chaos-Engineering-Tool-for-Kubernetes.md (#18062)

* Create 2019-12-10-Gamified-Chaos-Engineering-Tool-for-Kubernetes.md

* Update and rename 2019-12-10-Gamified-Chaos-Engineering-Tool-for-Kubernetes.md to 2019-01-16-Gamified-Chaos-Engineering-Tool-for-Kubernetes.md

* Update 2019-01-16-Gamified-Chaos-Engineering-Tool-for-Kubernetes.md

* Update and rename 2019-01-16-Gamified-Chaos-Engineering-Tool-for-Kubernetes.md to 2019-01-22-Gamified-Chaos-Engineering-Tool-for-Kubernetes.md

Co-authored-by: Kaitlyn Barnard <kaitlynbarnard10@gmail.com>

* Revert "Create Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md (#16869)" (#18805)

This reverts commit 2c4545e105.

* add blog k8s on mips (#18795)

* add blog k8s on mips

* modify english title to chinese

* modify some error

* Remove user-journeys legacy content #18615 (#18779)

* Use monospace for HostFolder and VM in the French Minikube setup guide. (#18749)

* Add French version of persistent volume page concept page (#18706)

* Add French version of persistent volume page concept page

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* sync content/zh/docs/reference/issues-security/ en zh (#18727)

* update zh-translation: /docs/concepts/storage/volume-snapshots.md (#18650)

* Clean up user journeys content for zh (#18815)

* Followup fixes for: Add resource version section to api-concepts (#18069)

* Followup fixes for: Add resource version section to api-concepts documentation

* Apply feedback

* Apply feedback

* Switch paragraph to active voice

* Add Community and Code of Conduct for ID (#18828)

* Add additional ways to contribute part to update zh doc (#18762)

* Add additional ways to contribute part to update zh doc

* Add original English text

* Update content/zh/docs/contribute/_index.md

Co-Authored-By: chentanjun <tanjunchen20@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: chentanjun <tanjunchen20@gmail.com>

* Clean up extensions/v1beta1 in docs (#18839)

* fix an example path (#18848)

* Translating network plugins (#17184)

* Fix for a typo (#18822)

* tą instalację -> tę instalację / (https://sjp.pwn.pl/poradnia/haslo/te-czy-ta;1598.html) (#18801)

* Fix typo in Scalability section (#18866)

The phrase `very larger` is not valid, it is supposed to be either `very
large` or `larger`. Propose to have it `very large`.

Signed-off-by: Mariyan Dimitrov <mariyan.dimitrov@gmail.com>

* Add Polish translation of Contribute index page (#18775)

Co-Authored-By: Michał Sochoń <kaszpir@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: Michał Sochoń <kaszpir@gmail.com>

* Clean up extensions/v1beta1 in docs (#18838)

* Add Indonesian Manage Compute Resources page (#18468)

* Add Indonesian Manage Compute Resources page

* Updates to id Manage Compute Resources page

* Add DaemonSet docs ID localization (#18632)

Signed-off-by: giovanism <giovanism@outlook.co.id>

* Fix typo in en/docs/contribute/style/content-guilde.md (#18862)

* partial fix for SEE ALSO section under content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/ need to be deleted #18411 (#18875)

* See Also removed file 31

* see also removed file 32

* see also removed file 33

* see also removed file 34

* see also removed file 35

* Modify pod.md (#18818)

website/content/ko/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod.md
23 line
쿠버네티스는는 -> 쿠버네티스는
modify

* remove $ following the style guide (#18855)

* Add Hyperlink to Kubernetes API (#18852)

* Drive by copy edit of blog post (#18881)

* Medium copy edit.

* more fixes

* Translate Events Calendar (#18860)

* Adding Bahasa Indonesia translation for Device Plugin page #18676 (#18676)

Co-Authored-By: Gede Wahyu Adi Pramana <tokekbesi@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: Gede Wahyu Adi Pramana <tokekbesi@gmail.com>

* change escaped chars to markdown (#18858)

Helps to keep doc clean for long term

* Fix header layout on Safari (#18888)

* Fix references to sig-docs-l10n-admins (#18661)

* Add French deployment concept page (#18516)

* Add French deployment concept page

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Update content/fr/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Update content/fr/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Update content/fr/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Update content/fr/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Update content/fr/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Fix ZH security aliases (#18895)

* disable simplytunde as an approver due to inactivity. (#18899)

Always welcome to come back if able to become active
again

Signed-off-by: Brad Topol <btopol@us.ibm.com>

* install container runtimes without prompts (#18893)

In Kubernetes docs, all of the packages that are required to set up the
Kubernetes are installed without requiring any prompts through
the package manager (like apt or yum) except for the container runtimes.

https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/production-environment/container-runtimes/

So, it would be better to have these installations with prompts (yes) disabled.

* Fix small typos (#18886)

* Fix small typos

Small typos noticed and fixed in:

- configure-upgrade-etcd.md

- reconfigure-kubelet.md

Signed-off-by: Mariyan Dimitrov <mariyan.dimitrov@gmail.com>

* Rephrase a paragraph on etcd upgrade

en\docs\tasks\administer-cluster\configure-upgrade-etcd.md

Following a suggestion in #18886, I've rephrased a sentence on etcd
upgrade prerequisites.

Signed-off-by: Mariyan Dimitrov <mariyan.dimitrov@gmail.com>

* Clean up extensions/v1beta1 in docs (#18841)

* Update _index.md (#18825)

* Run minikube docker-env in a shell-independent way (#18823)

* doc: correct pv status for pv protection example. (#18816)

* Small editorial fixes in glossary entries (#18807)

* Small editorial fixes in glossary entries

* Revert the wording in the glossary term for proxy

* fix doc conflict regarding postStart (#18806)

* kubeadm: improvements to the cert management documentation (#18397)

- move the sections about custom certificates and external CA
to the kubeadm-certs page
- minor cleanups to the kubeadm-certs page, including updated output
for the check-expiration command
- link the implementation details page to the new locations
for custom certs and external CA

* fix doc conflict regarding postStart

* Grammar (#18785)

* grammar: 'to' distributes over 'or'

* grammar: reword

per app.grammarly.com

* grammar: simplify

from app.grammarly.com

* spelling: etc.

* feat: add ephermeral container approach inside pod debug page. (#18754)

* doc: add pod security policy reference link to document. (#18729)

* doc: add pod security policy reference link to document.

* doc: add what's next for pod-security-policy ref.

* Revise version requirements (#18688)

Assume that the reader is running a version of Kubernetes that supports
the Secret resource.

* en: Remove kubectl duplicate example (#18656)

With #16974 and the removal of --include-uninitialized flag, the
second
    and third examples of kubectl delete become equal, thus leading to
    duplication and being confusing. Suggest to remove the duplicate and
    replace it with another example in the future if needed.

    Observed in v1.16 and v1.17 documentation.

    Signed-off-by: Mariyan Dimitrov <mariyan.dimitrov@gmail.com>

* Fix typo for tasks/access-kubernetes-api/configure-aggregation-layer.md (#18652)

* Unify runtime references (#18493)

- Use the glossary to correctly reference runtimes
- Updated runtime class documentation for CRI-O
- Removed rktlet from runtimes since its EOL

Signed-off-by: Sascha Grunert <sgrunert@suse.com>

* Clean up admission controller deprecation example (#18399)

* sync zh-trans content/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/ephemeral-containers.md (#18883)

* Remove redundant information when deploy flannel on kubernetes include windows node (#18272)

* sync zh-trans content/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview.md (#18882)

* partial fix for for SEE ALSO section under content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/ need to be deleted (#18879)

* see also removed from file 36

* see also removed from file 37

* see also removed from file 38

* see also removed from file 39

* see also removed from file 40

* update zh content/zh/docs/contribute/style/write-new-topic.md (#18859)

* sync zh-trans /docs/concepts/_index.md and /docs/concepts/example-concept-template.md (#18863)

* See also removed file 56 & 57 (#18912)

* see also removed file 56

* see also removed file 57

* Third Korean L10n Work For Release 1.17 (#18915)

* Changed some words in the IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack korean doc. (#18668)

* Update to Outdated files in dev-1.17-ko.3 branch. (#18580)

* Translate content/ko/docs/concepts/services-networking/service in Korean (#18195)

* Translate docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/port-forward-access-application-cluster.md in Korean (#18721)

* Translate controllers/garbage-collection.md in Korean. (#18595)

Co-Authored-by: Seokho Son <shsongist@gmail.com>
Co-Authored-by: Lawrence Kay <lkay9495@hotmail.com>
Co-Authored-by: Jesang Myung <jesang.myung@gmail.com>
Co-Authored-by: Claudia J.Kang <claudiajkang@gmail.com>
Co-Authored-by: Yuk, Yongsu <ysyukr@gmail.com>
Co-Authored-By: June Yi <june.yi@samsung.com>

Co-authored-by: Yuk, Yongsu <ysyukr@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Seokho Son <shsongist@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Lawrence Kay <me@lkaybob.pe.kr>
Co-authored-by: Jesang Myung <jesang.myung@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: June Yi <june.yi@samsung.com>

* clean up makefile, config (#18517)

Added target for createversiondirs (shell script) in Makefile.

updates for tagged release

regenerate api ref, rm Makefile_temp

add parens to pip check

* Improve Russian translation of Home page (#17841)

* Improve Russian translation of Home page

* Update i18n/ru.toml

Co-Authored-By: Slava Semushin <slava.semushin@gmail.com>

* Update content/ru/_index.html

Co-Authored-By: Slava Semushin <slava.semushin@gmail.com>

* Update content/ru/_index.html

Co-Authored-By: Slava Semushin <slava.semushin@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: Slava Semushin <slava.semushin@gmail.com>

* update ref link for v1.16 (#18837)

Related to issue #18820.

remove links to prev API refs

* Cleanup user journeys related configs and scripts (#18814)

* See also removed file 81 to 85 (#18909)

* see also removed file 81

* see also removed file 82

* see also removed file 83

* see also removed file 84

* see also removed file 85

* See also removed file 65 to 70 (#18908)

* see also removed file 65

* see also removed file 66

* see also removed file 67

* see also removed file 68

* see also removed file 69

* see also removed file 70

* Translate Task index page into Polish (#18876)

Co-Authored-By: Karol Pucyński <kpucynski@gmail.com>
Co-Authored-By: Michał Sochoń <kaszpir@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: Karol Pucyński <9209870+kpucynski@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Michał Sochoń <kaszpir@gmail.com>

* Document dry-run authorization requirements (#18235)

* Document dry-run write access requirement.

- Add section on dry-run authorization
- Refer to dry-run authorization for diff
- Consistently hyphenate dry-run

* Update content/en/docs/reference/using-api/api-concepts.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* reword storage release note to match the change in k/k PR #87090 (#18921)

* sync zh-trans content/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/ttlafterfinished.md (#18868)

* See also removed file 60 to 63 (#18907)

* see also removed file 60

* see also removed file 61

* see also removed file 62

* see also removed file 63

* See also removed file 91 to 95 (#18910)

* see also removed file 91

* see also removed file 93

* see also removed file 94

* see also removed file 95

* content/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/podpreset.md (#18870)

* fix: fixed eating initial 2 spaces inside code. (#18914)

* Update Calico section of kubeadm install guide (#18821)

* Update Calico section of kubeadm install guide

* Address review feedback

* See also removed file 96 to 100 (#18911)

* see also removed file 96

* see also removed file 97

* see also removed file 98

* see also removed file 99

* see also removed file 100

* repair zh docs in kubeadm (#18949)

* repair zh docs about kubeadm (#18950)

* Update apparmor.md (#18951)

* Update basic-stateful-set.md (#18952)

* Add missing hyperlink for pod-overhead (#18936)

* Update service.md (#18480)

make article reads more smoothly

* zh-trans update content/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deploy… (#18657)

* zh-trans update content/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment.md

* zh-trans update content\zh\docs\concepts\workloads\controllers\deployment.md

* Update source-ip documentation (#18760)

* sync zh-trans /docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod.md (#18880)

* sync zh-trans /docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/cron-jobs.md and /docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/daemonset.md (#18864)

* sync zh-trans content/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/ttlafterfinished.md (#18867)

* Add a French version of Secret concept page (#18604)

* Add a French version of Secret concept page

* Fix

* Fix

* Update content/fr/docs/concepts/configuration/secret.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Fix

* Update content/fr/docs/concepts/configuration/secret.md

Co-Authored-By: Aurélien Perrier <aperrier@universe.sh>

* Fix

Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>
Co-authored-by: Aurélien Perrier <aperrier@universe.sh>

* (refactor): Corrections (grammatical) in service.md file (#18944)

* Update service.md

* Fixed the invaild changes

Signed-off-by: Udit Gaurav <uditgaurav@gmail.com>

* Update container-runtimes.md (#18608)

for debian install of docker, also install gnupg2 for apt-key add to work

* Fix that dual-stack does not require Kubenet specifically (#18924)

* Fix that dual-stack does not require Kubenet specifically

Rather it requires a network plugin that supports dual-stack, and
others are available, including Calico.

* Update content/en/docs/tasks/network/validate-dual-stack.md

Added link to doc about network plugins

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Revert "Configurable Scaling for the HPA (#18157)" (#18963)

This reverts commit 5dbfaafe1a.

* Update horizontal-pod-autoscale-walkthrough.md (#18960)

Update command for creating php-apache deployment due to the following warning: `kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl run --generator=run-pod/v1 or kubectl create instead.`

* doc: add link for type=LoadBalancer service in tutorial. (#18916)

* Typo fix (#18830)

* sync zh-trans content/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/statefulset.md (#18869)

* Revise pull request template (#18744)

* Revise pull request template

* Reference compiled docs in PR template

Refer readers to https://k8s.io/contribute/start/

This keeps the template short, and it lets Hugo use templating for
the current version.

* Update certificates.md (#18970)

* Add web-ui-dashboard to French (#17974)

* Add web-ui-dashboard to French

* Update content/fr/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/web-ui-dashboard.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Update content/fr/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/web-ui-dashboard.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Update content/fr/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/web-ui-dashboard.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Added a translated code of conduct (#18981)

* Added a translated code of conduct

* fixed some minor mistakes and capitalization

* Moved to informal speech

* Translate the contribute advanced page to French (#13425)

* Translate the contribute advanced page to French

* Corrections

* Correction

* Correction

* Correction

* Correction

* Correction

* Fix typo in hello-minikube.md (#18991)

* Add note for LB behaviour for cordoned nodes. (#18784)

* Add note for LB behaviour for cordoned nodes.

See also https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/65013
This is a reasonably common pitfall: `kubectl cordon <all nodes>` will also drop all LB traffic to the cluster, but this is not documented anywhere but in issues, when found it is usually already too late.

* Update with feedback

* Add KIND as the options for spinning up a test kubernetes environment (#17860)

* fix typo in /ja/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/init-containers (#18997)

* hide some original comments in translate docs (#18986)

* hide original comment

* hide some original comments

* Fix code of conduct title (#19006)

* Added a note about built-in priority-classes (#18979)

* Added a note about build-in priority-classes

* Update content/en/docs/concepts/configuration/pod-priority-preemption.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Add description for TTL (#19001)

* Fix whitespace on deployment page (#18990)

* Add details to the API deprecations blog post (#19014)

* Document list/map/structType and listMapKeys (#18977)

These markers where introduced to describe topology of lists, maps,
structs - primarily in support of server-side apply.

Secondarily, a small typo fix:)

* Remove "Unschedulable" pod condition type from the pod lifecycle docs (#18956)

The pod lifecycle documentation erroneously indicated `Unschedulable` as a possible `type` of pod condition. That's not true. Only four condition types exist. The `Unschedulable` value is not a type, but one of the possible reasons of the `PodScheduled` condition type.

* Revise “Encrypting Secret Data at Rest” (#18810)

* Drop reference to old Kubernetes versions

At the time of writing, Kubernetes v1.13 is the oldest supported
version, and encryption-at-rest is no longer alpha.

* Tidy whitespace

* Add table caption

* Set metadata for required Kubernetes version

* maintain the current relative path when switching to other site versions (#18871)

* Update kubectl create configmap section (#18885)

* Add common examples to Service Topology documentation (#18712)

* service topology: add missing 'enabling service topology' page

Signed-off-by: Andrew Sy Kim <kiman@vmware.com>

* service topology: add common examples

Signed-off-by: Andrew Sy Kim <kiman@vmware.com>

* updating contrib for ref docs (#18787)

more cleanup

* fix translate docs format (#19018)

* Update nodes.md (#19019)

* Translate Contribute index page into Russian (#19022)

* Added german translation for Addons page (#19010)

* Added german translation for Addons page

* Smaller adjustments

* removed a english leftover-sentence
* consistent spelling of "Add-Ons"

* Removed english entry for CoreDNS

* Update content/de/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Translated a heading

Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* (fix) Removed `-n test` from `kubectl get pv` command (#18877)

- PV are cluster scoped rather than namespaced scope
    - So, there is no need to list it by namespace

Signed-off-by: Aman Gupta <aman.gupta@mayadata.io>

* Link to setup page about Kind (#18996)

Link from /docs/setup/ to /docs/setup/learning-environment/kind/ now
that the target page exists.

* Create Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md (#18808)

* Create Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update and rename Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md to 2020-02-07-Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Revise glossary entry for Device Plugin (#16291)

* Document control plane monitoring (#17578)

* Document control plane monitoring

* Update content/en/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/monitoring.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Update content/en/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/monitoring.md

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* Merge controller-metrics.md into monitoring.md

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* Document none driver compatibility with non docker runtime. (#17952)

* Refined unclear sentence on 3rd party dependencies (#18015)

* Refined unclear sentence on 3rd party dependencies

I reworded the sentence on third party dependencies a bit in order to make it more sound

* Update content/en/docs/concepts/security/overview.md

Sounds much better

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Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Improve network policies concept (#18091)

* Adopt website style guidelines

* Tweak wording

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* Make sample NetworkPolicies downloadable

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* clean up secret generators (#18320)

* Use built-in version check & metadata (#18542)

* Reword kubelet live reconfiguration task (#18629)

- Revise version requirements
- Use glossary tooltips in summary
- Use sentence case for headings
- Write kubelet in lowercase where appropriate
- Add “What's next” section

* fix: add dns search record limit note. (#18913)

* Remove duplicate content: Roles & Responsibilities (#18920)

* Remove duplicate content: Roles & Responsibilities

Signed-off-by: Celeste <celeste@cncf.io>
Address feedback

Signed-off-by: Celeste <celeste@cncf.io>

* Apply suggestions from review

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* Link to contribution guidelines

Signed-off-by: Celeste Horgan <celeste@cncf.io>

* Address PR feedback

Signed-off-by: Celeste Horgan <celeste@cncf.io>

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* Fix of pull request #18960 (#18974)

* Fix of pull request #18960

* Add yaml configuration file snippets

* Remove redundant code snippet for  command

* Update cheatsheet.md (#18975)

* Update cheatsheet.md

"List all pods in the namespace, with more details" command corrected by adding --all-namespaces

* Update content/en/docs/reference/kubectl/cheatsheet.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Correct description of Knitter CNI plugin (#18983)

* Add Elastic metricbeat to examples of DaemonSets and rename logstash (#19024)

* Add Elastic metricbeat to examples of DaemonSets

The URL points to the docs related to how to configure metricbeat on k8s

* Filebeat is the next thing

* Separated commands from output (#19023)

* Update KubeCon URLs (#19027)

The URLs had changed (and were being redirected). Also, added parameters to better identify the traffic source.

* remove see also and close issue (#19032)

* sync zh-trans content/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/garbage-collection.md (#18865)

* zh trans /docs/reference/access-authn-authz/extensible-admission-controllers.md (#18856)

* Update zh/docs/concepts/services-networking/dns-pod-service.md#pods (#18992)

* Adding contribution best practice in contribute docs (#18059)

* Add kubectl patch example with quotes on Windows (#18853)

* Add kubectl patch example with quotes on Windows

When running the `kubectl patch` example, on Windows systems you get an
error when passing the patch request in single quotes. Passing it in
double quotes with the inner ones escaped produced the desired behavior
as is in the example given for Linux systems. I've added a small note
for Windows users to have that in mind.

Signed-off-by: Mariyan Dimitrov <mariyan.dimitrov@gmail.com>

* Use Hugo note shortcode

Windows note is placed inside a
[shortcode](https://kubernetes.io/docs/contribute/style/style-guide/#shortcodes)
to be consistent with the style guide.

Signed-off-by: Mariyan Dimitrov <mariyan.dimitrov@gmail.com>

* Remove shell Markdown syntax

I've removed the shell syntax from the Windows example and have changed
the description to be the same as the one used in
[jsonpath](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/jsonpath/)
document to be more consistent. The jsonpath example uses cmd syntax,
though it is note inside a note shortcode, therefore I've opted out of
using any syntax as it seems to break rendering inside the shortcode.

Signed-off-by: Mariyan Dimitrov <mariyan.dimitrov@gmail.com>

* Add cmd markdown syntax and fix order list

I've tested this locally with `make docker-serve` on my Linux machine
and finally things are looking better, I've managed to address these two
issues:

- the Windows example is now inside `note` shortcode and also the cmd
syntax renders correctly on the page

- the list of steps broke after the first one, I've indented a paragraph
and now the steps are in the expected order

Signed-off-by: Mariyan Dimitrov <mariyan.dimitrov@gmail.com>

* Remove command prompt from example

According to the [style guide](https://kubernetes.io/docs/contribute/style/style-guide/#don-t-include-the-command-prompt), the command prompt should not be included when showing an example. This commit removes it for consistency with the style guide.

Signed-off-by: Mariyan Dimitrov <mariyan.dimitrov@gmail.com>

* cleanup /docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/ (#19009)

* update nodes.md (#18987)

将“用量低”更改为“可用量低”,避免歧义

* Remove command prompt from Windows example (#18906)

* Remove command prompt from Windows example

According to the [style
guide](https://kubernetes.io/docs/contribute/style/style-guide/#don-t-include-the-command-prompt),
the command prompt should not be included in the examples. Removing the
Windows command prompt from the jsonpath example.

Signed-off-by: Mariyan Dimitrov <mariyan.dimitrov@gmail.com>

* Put Windows example inside note shortcode

I'm putting the Windows example in a Hug note shortcode to be consistent
with the rest of the documentation.

Signed-off-by: Mariyan Dimitrov <mariyan.dimitrov@gmail.com>

* Updated CHANGELOG-11 link (#19036)

* update command used to create deployment (#19005)

The previous one was showing a deprecation warning when used.

* Update Korean localization guide (#19004)

rev1-Update Korean localization guide

* docs: fix broken etcd's official documents link (#19021)

* Update automated-tasks-with-cron-jobs.md (#19043)

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* Revert "Repair and sync the dev-1.18 branch" (#19228)

* Add capture statement (#19237)

* Update hugepages documentation (#19008)

* Update hugepages documentation

- described support for multiple huge page sizes
- described container isolation of the huge pages

* Add HugePageStorageMediumSize description

* update description for container isolation of hugepages

Signed-off-by: Byonggon Chun <bg.chun@samsung.com>

Co-authored-by: Byonggon Chun <bg.chun@samsung.com>

* User documentation for Priority and Fairness (/flowcontrol) API (#19319)

Adds an entry to the Concepts section that gives an overview of the feature
and builds upon the generated API documentation.

Also adds a Glossary entry for shuffle sharding.

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>
Co-Authored-By: Mike Spreitzer <mspreitz@us.ibm.com>

Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>
Co-authored-by: Mike Spreitzer <mspreitz@us.ibm.com>

* doc: ContainerD on Windows alpha (#19208)

* Taint based eviction promoted to GA in 1.18 (#19302)

* Updating Windows RunAsUserName page to reflect feature going GA (#19016)

* Document server-side dry-run is GA in 1.18 (#19549)

* Update dry-run docs.

* Promote server-side dry-run feature state to stable in 1.18
* Replace --dry-run with --dry-run=server|client|none accordingly
* Update server-side dry-run blog post

* Update content/en/docs/reference/using-api/api-concepts.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Address comments

* Add note at end of server-side dry-run blogpost

Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* ServiceAccountIssuerDiscovery: Add user facing documentation (#19328)

Extends the documentation on configuring service accounts to include
details on the ServiceAccountIssuerDiscovery feature.

* Immutable secrets doc (#19297)

* Placeholder PR for CSIDriver promotion to GA (#19354)

* pod-overhead: updates for beta (#19059)

* pod-overhead: updates for beta

Signed-off-by: Eric Ernst <eric.ernst@intel.com>

* pod-overhead: update documentation for beta

Signed-off-by: Eric Ernst <eric@amperecomputing.com>

* Update Topology Manager for 1.18 (#19050)

* [WIP] Update Topology Manager for 1.18

Move from Alpha to Beta.
Remove Known Limitation - fixed in 1.18.

* Nit: Update content/en/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/topology-manager.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Add section on feature gate with version guidance.

* Add Known Limitation on Memory/Hugepages

* Update content/en/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/topology-manager.md

Clean up wording of known limitations

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Edits to feature gate description based on review

* Up date feature gates table.

Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Updating docs for EndpointSlice changes in 1.18 (#19316)

* Adding documentation to cover ingress v1beta updates (#19231)

Co-authored-by: Rob Scott <robertjscott@google.com>

* Raw block volume GA (#19338)

* Raw block volume GA

Feature BlockVolume reaches GA in 1.17

* Add volumeMode overview

* Promote Pod Topology Spread to Beta (#18969)

* Promote PodTopologySpread (a.k.a EvenPodsSpread) to beta in 1.18

* address comments

* Default Topology Spread constraints (#19170)

* Add usage of default constraints for Pod Topology Spread.

Signed-off-by: Aldo Culquicondor <acondor@google.com>

* Add apiVersion and kind

Signed-off-by: Aldo Culquicondor <acondor@google.com>

* Unify debug pod docs and update for `kubectl alpha debug` (#19093)

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Adding AppProtocol documentation for 1.18 (#19317)

* Update kubeadm for Windows (#19217)

* Start updates for DaemonSet approach

* Rough first draft

* Remove old image assets

* Document how to fetch the correct version of kube-proxy

* Remove InstallNSSM script

It was merged into the PrepareNode script

* Update links to sig-windows-tools release files

Using the latest tag so we can continue to update things as needed
without needing to keep updating the docs

* Add upgrade tutorial for Windows kubeadm nodes

* Clarify which machine each command should be run from

* Add link from main tutorial, small edits

- Rename file / title
- Remove reviewers

* Remove IP management section

User can just rely on the defaults from kube-proxy and flannel now, or
change them in the same manner as on Linux

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* More review updates

* Switch to task template

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* More review feedback

* Adjust upgrading title

* Additional edits

* Move to kubeadm directory

* Remove stale link

This guide never had any real content about the pause image

* Add redirect from old url

* Fix weights

* Update Windows intro

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Fix typo

* Add beta markers

Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Document using multiple scheduler profiles (#19172)

* Add instructions for using multiple scheduling profiles.

Signed-off-by: Aldo Culquicondor <acondor@google.com>

* Move scheduling policies and profiles to Reference

Signed-off-by: Aldo Culquicondor <acondor@google.com>

* Renames and nits

Signed-off-by: Aldo Culquicondor <acondor@google.com>

* Fix links and grammar

Signed-off-by: Aldo Culquicondor <acondor@google.com>

* Fix link and flag usage

Signed-off-by: Aldo Culquicondor <acondor@google.com>

* Update PVCDataSource to GA (#19318)

Update docs to reflect GA status for PVCDataSources in the 1.18 release.

* Update scheduler framework document (#19606)

* Update scheduler framework document

* address comments

* Add page redirect and keep old link anchors

* address comment

* Document recursive chown feature (#19391)

* Add placeholder docs for recursive chown feature

* Update content/en/docs/concepts/policy/pod-security-policy.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Update content/en/docs/concepts/policy/pod-security-policy.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Address feedback

* Move recursive chown docs to correct place

* Address review feedback

* Apply suggestions from code review

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* move bit about ephemental volumes to note

* Update content/en/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/security-context.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Doc update for GMSA promotion to Stable (#19349)

Signed-off-by: Deep Debroy <ddebroy@docker.com>

* Document generic data sources feature (#19315)

* Document AnyVolumeDataSource feature gate

* Update content/en/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Remove link to deprecated cluster monitoring (#18193)

* CertificateSigningRequest doc updates (#19290)

* Add CSR doc outline

* Add CertificateSigningRequest document content

Co-authored-by: James Munnelly <james.munnelly@jetstack.io>

* Update Docker installation instructions to use v19.03.8 (#19643)

* kubeadm: update upgrade documentation for 1.18 (#19551)

* 1.18 Server-side apply (#19286)

* Clarify content-type and tracking of all objects

* Update content/en/docs/reference/using-api/api-concepts.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* SSA: Improve a couple of sentences

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Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Drop feature availability from Reserve Compute Resources (#19593)

* Drop feature availability section

This section does not fit with the website style guide.

* State task version requirements

Follow website style guide for stating these.

* Revise CertificateSigningRequest documentation (#19698)

* Revise CertificateSigningRequest approval & rejection details

API clients can deny CSRs. Document this and tidy the page.
"There is currently not a mechanism for a signer implementation to report
its inability to sign a request." seemed misleading; clients can set
status.

* Tidy page

Co-Authored-By: Jordan Liggitt <jordan@liggitt.net>

Co-authored-by: Jordan Liggitt <jordan@liggitt.net>

* Remove trailing spaces from it documents (#16790)

* fix format error (#19118)

* Add a theme-color (#18976)

* Fourth Korean L10n Work For Release 1.17 (#19127)

* translate assign-pod-node.md (#18955)
* correct the misspelling (#19063)
* Update to Outdated files in dev-1.17-ko.4 branch. (#19002)

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Co-Authored-By: Yuk, Yongsu <ysyukr@gmail.com>

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* hidden original annotation (#19126)

* Correct note shortcode for run-replicated-stateful-application.md (#19132)

* Update Korean glossary for l10n (#19094)

* Update Korean glossary for l10n

* Update content/ko/docs/contribute/localization_ko.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Issue with k8s.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/configure-access-multiple-clusters/ (#18560)

* Add localization guide specific to Polish language (#18985)

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* Polish zh translation for taint-and-toleration (#19133)

* Add missing "in" for DeploymentSpec link (#19135)

* Add latest-semver shortcode (#19110)

* Remove extra note in note shortcode (#19131)

* Remove extra note in note shortcode

* Translate Inline Markdown and HTML section

* update zh-trans content/zh/docs/concepts/policy/resource-quotas.md (#19037)

* A few tweaks to wording (#19136)

Just a few tweaks where words were missing, etc.

* Prune Bradamant3 from permissions (#19084)

* Translate Start contributing page into Russian (#19124)

* Upgrade command of homebrew installs minikube (#18281)

* Update installation of minikube on macOS (#19143)

Installation through brew cask install minikube is no longer supported, as there is not such a binary. Corrected to brew install minikube works.

* Tidy “Participating in SIG Docs” (#19151)

- Fix broken link
- Move localization work from Reviewers group to Anyone
- Minor other tidying

* Change Kontainer to Node (#19105)

* Translate Participating in SIG Docs page into Russian (#19150)

* Translate Participating in SIG Docs page into Russian

* Fixes

* Second Japanese l10n work for release-1.16 (#19157)

* update install kubeadm related doc (#18826)

* modify terminology mechanism (#19148)

* latin phrase removed (#19180)

* kubeadm: add TS guide note about CoreOS read-only /usr (#19166)

* kubeadm: add TS guide note about CoreOS read-only /usr

* Update content/en/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/troubleshooting-kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

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* Latin Abbreviations "vs" Updated to "versus" (#19181)

* grep -lR ' vs ' ./content/en/docs | xargs sed -i '' -e 's/ vs / versus /g'

* Update content/en/docs/concepts/configuration/overview.md

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* Update content/en/docs/concepts/policy/resource-quotas.md

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Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Announce the contributor summit schedule (#19174)

* Announce the contributor summit schedule

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* Fix minor nits found during review

Signed-off-by: Jorge O. Castro <jorgec@vmware.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/2020-02-18-Contributor-Summit-Amsterdam-Schedule-Announced.md

Make the map URL easier to read.

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* Add contributor summit image

Signed-off-by: Jorge O. Castro <jorgec@vmware.com>

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* Fix Invalid link in readme section (#19178)

* Fix inital alpha version of ValidateProxyRedirects (#19192)

See: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/88260

* Add missing space in documentation line (#19013)

* Reword “Creating a single control-plane cluster with kubeadm” (#18939)

* Consolidate words of caution about Pod network

* Tweak wording

- use tooltips
- fix a TODO hyperlink
- adopt style guidelines

* Revise prerequisites for kubeadm

* Rework page structure

- Replace some headings with anchor elements (preserving inbound links)
- Use a "discussion" section for the discussion part of the page.
- Make Feedback be a part of the What's Next section
- Skip mentioning Docker in a logging context; provide generic
  signposting instead.
- Update overview
- Document limitations and fix link to HA topology
- Fixes for styling

* Redo network plugin info

* Use glossary tooltips to introduce terms

* Kill all federation v1 related tasks pages. (#17949)

* Resource name constraints (1) (#19106)

xref: #17969, #19099, #18746

* doc: remove tasks federation index from tasks main page. (#19205)

* Update output of creating replicaset in controllers/replicaset (#19088)

* Fix Invalid link in readme (en) (#19204)

* Added 'ClaimRef' to make documentation clearer (#17914)

* added final period (.)
* removed backticks

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* Change back cronjob timezone note to UTC (#18715)

* Fix ambiguous translation in kubeadm.md (#19201)

* Fix tooltip (#19794)

* Add kubectl diff in kustomize (#19586)

* Tidy RuntimeClass page for v1.18 (#19578)

* Tidy RuntimeClass page for v1.18

* Reword heading

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This commit is contained in:
Vineeth Pothulapati
2020-03-26 00:30:25 +05:30
committed by GitHub
parent 92d63939d3
commit 998fba98d7
74 changed files with 3112 additions and 1195 deletions
@@ -63,6 +63,10 @@ In Kubernetes 1.11, CoreDNS has graduated to General Availability (GA)
and is installed by default.
{{< /note >}}
{{< warning >}}
In Kubernetes 1.18, kube-dns usage with kubeadm has been deprecated and will be removed in a future version.
{{< /warning >}}
To install kube-dns on versions prior to 1.13, set the `CoreDNS` feature gate
value to `false`:
@@ -72,9 +76,9 @@ kubeadm init --feature-gates=CoreDNS=false
For versions 1.13 and later, follow the guide outlined [here](/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-init-phase#cmd-phase-addon).
## Upgrading CoreDNS
## Upgrading CoreDNS
CoreDNS is available in Kubernetes since v1.9.
CoreDNS is available in Kubernetes since v1.9.
You can check the version of CoreDNS shipped with Kubernetes and the changes made to CoreDNS [here](https://github.com/coredns/deployment/blob/master/kubernetes/CoreDNS-k8s_version.md).
CoreDNS can be upgraded manually in case you want to only upgrade CoreDNS or use your own custom image.
@@ -35,28 +35,25 @@ components still rely on Endpoints. For now, enabling EndpointSlices should be
seen as an addition to Endpoints in a cluster, not a replacement for them.
{{< /note >}}
EndpointSlices are considered a beta feature, but only the API is enabled by
default. Both the EndpointSlice controller and the usage of EndpointSlices by
kube-proxy are not enabled by default.
EndpointSlices are a beta feature. Both the API and the EndpointSlice
{{< glossary_tooltip term_id="controller" >}} are enabled by default.
{{< glossary_tooltip text="kube-proxy" term_id="kube-proxy" >}}
uses Endpoints by default, not EndpointSlices.
The EndpointSlice controller creates and manages EndpointSlices in a cluster.
You can enable it with the `EndpointSlice` [feature
gate](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/) on the {{<
glossary_tooltip text="kube-apiserver" term_id="kube-apiserver" >}} and {{<
glossary_tooltip text="kube-controller-manager"
term_id="kube-controller-manager" >}} (`--feature-gates=EndpointSlice=true`).
For better scalability, you can also enable this feature gate on {{<
glossary_tooltip text="kube-proxy" term_id="kube-proxy" >}} so EndpointSlices
will be used as the data source instead of Endpoints.
For better scalability and performance, you can enable the
`EndpointSliceProxying`
[feature gate](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/)
on kube-proxy. That change
switches the data source to be EndpointSlices, which reduces the amount of
Kubernetes API traffic to and from kube-proxy.
## Using EndpointSlices
With EndpointSlices fully enabled in your cluster, you should see corresponding
EndpointSlice resources for each Endpoints resource. In addition to supporting
existing Endpoints functionality, EndpointSlices should include new bits of
information such as topology. They will allow for greater scalability and
extensibility of network endpoints in your cluster.
existing Endpoints functionality, EndpointSlices include new bits of information
such as topology. They will allow for greater scalability and extensibility of
network endpoints in your cluster.
{{% capture whatsnext %}}
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
---
reviewers:
- michmike
- patricklang
title: Adding Windows nodes
min-kubernetes-server-version: 1.17
content_template: templates/tutorial
weight: 30
---
{{% capture overview %}}
{{< feature-state for_k8s_version="v1.18" state="beta" >}}
You can use Kubernetes to run a mixture of Linux and Windows nodes, so you can mix Pods that run on Linux on with Pods that run on Windows. This page shows how to register Windows nodes to your cluster.
{{% /capture %}}
{{% capture prerequisites %}} {{< version-check >}}
* Obtain a [Windows Server 2019 license](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/cloud-platform/windows-server-pricing)
(or higher) in order to configure the Windows node that hosts Windows containers.
If you are using VXLAN/Overlay networking you must have also have [KB4489899](https://support.microsoft.com/help/4489899) installed.
* A Linux-based Kubernetes kubeadm cluster in which you have access to the control plane (see [Creating a single control-plane cluster with kubeadm](/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/create-cluster-kubeadm/)).
{{% /capture %}}
{{% capture objectives %}}
* Register a Windows node to the cluster
* Configure networking so Pods and Services on Linux and Windows can communicate with each other
{{% /capture %}}
{{% capture lessoncontent %}}
## Getting Started: Adding a Windows Node to Your Cluster
### Networking Configuration
Once you have a Linux-based Kubernetes control-plane node you are ready to choose a networking solution. This guide illustrates using Flannel in VXLAN mode for simplicity.
#### Configuring Flannel
1. Prepare Kubernetes control plane for Flannel
Some minor preparation is recommended on the Kubernetes control plane in our cluster. It is recommended to enable bridged IPv4 traffic to iptables chains when using Flannel. This can be done using the following command:
```bash
sudo sysctl net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
```
1. Download & configure Flannel for Linux
Download the most recent Flannel manifest:
```bash
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
```
Modify the `net-conf.json` section of the flannel manifest in order to set the VNI to 4096 and the Port to 4789. It should look as follows:
```json
net-conf.json: |
{
"Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
"Backend": {
"Type": "vxlan",
"VNI" : 4096,
"Port": 4789
}
}
```
{{< note >}}The VNI must be set to 4096 and port 4789 for Flannel on Linux to interoperate with Flannel on Windows. See the [VXLAN documentation](https://github.com/coreos/flannel/blob/master/Documentation/backends.md#vxlan).
for an explanation of these fields.{{< /note >}}
{{< note >}}To use L2Bridge/Host-gateway mode instead change the value of `Type` to `"host-gw"` and omit `VNI` and `Port`.{{< /note >}}
1. Apply the Flannel manifest and validate
Let's apply the Flannel configuration:
```bash
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
```
After a few minutes, you should see all the pods as running if the Flannel pod network was deployed.
```bash
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
```
The output should include the Linux flannel DaemonSet as running:
```
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
...
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-54954 1/1 Running 0 1m
```
1. Add Windows Flannel and kube-proxy DaemonSets
Now you can add Windows-compatible versions of Flannel and kube-proxy. In order
to ensure that you get a compatible version of kube-proxy, you'll need to substitute
the tag of the image. The following example shows usage for Kubernetes {{< param "fullversion" >}},
but you should adjust the version for your own deployment.
```bash
curl -L https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/sig-windows-tools/releases/latest/download/kube-proxy.yml | sed 's/VERSION/{{< param "fullversion" >}}/g' | kubectl apply -f -
kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/sig-windows-tools/releases/latest/download/flannel-overlay.yml
```
{{< note >}}
If you're using host-gateway use https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/sig-windows-tools/releases/latest/download/flannel-host-gw.yml instead
{{< /note >}}
### Joining a Windows worker node
{{< note >}}
You must install the `Containers` feature and install Docker. Instructions
to do so are available at [Install Docker Engine - Enterprise on Windows Servers](https://docs.docker.com/ee/docker-ee/windows/docker-ee/#install-docker-engine---enterprise).
{{< /note >}}
{{< note >}}
All code snippets in Windows sections are to be run in a PowerShell environment
with elevated permissions (Administrator) on the Windows worker node.
{{< /note >}}
1. Install wins, kubelet, and kubeadm.
```PowerShell
curl.exe -LO https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/sig-windows-tools/releases/latest/download/PrepareNode.ps1
.\PrepareNode.ps1 -KubernetesVersion {{< param "fullversion" >}}
```
1. Run `kubeadm` to join the node
Use the command that was given to you when you ran `kubeadm init` on a control plane host.
If you no longer have this command, or the token has expired, you can run `kubeadm token create --print-join-command`
(on a control plane host) to generate a new token and join command.
#### Verifying your installation
You should now be able to view the Windows node in your cluster by running:
```bash
kubectl get nodes -o wide
```
If your new node is in the `NotReady` state it is likely because the flannel image is still downloading.
You can check the progress as before by checking on the flannel pods in the `kube-system` namespace:
```shell
kubectl -n kube-system get pods -l app=flannel
```
Once the flannel Pod is running, your node should enter the `Ready` state and then be available to handle workloads.
{{% /capture %}}
{{% capture whatsnext %}}
- [Upgrading Windows kubeadm nodes](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubeadm/upgrading-windows-nodes)
{{% /capture %}}
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ reviewers:
- sig-cluster-lifecycle
title: Certificate Management with kubeadm
content_template: templates/task
weight: 10
---
{{% capture overview %}}
@@ -3,16 +3,19 @@ reviewers:
- sig-cluster-lifecycle
title: Upgrading kubeadm clusters
content_template: templates/task
weight: 20
min-kubernetes-server-version: 1.18
---
{{% capture overview %}}
This page explains how to upgrade a Kubernetes cluster created with kubeadm from version
1.16.x to version 1.17.x, and from version 1.17.x to 1.17.y (where `y > x`).
1.17.x to version 1.18.x, and from version 1.18.x to 1.18.y (where `y > x`).
To see information about upgrading clusters created using older versions of kubeadm,
please refer to following pages instead:
- [Upgrading kubeadm cluster from 1.16 to 1.17](https://v1-17.docs.kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubeadm/kubeadm-upgrade/)
- [Upgrading kubeadm cluster from 1.15 to 1.16](https://v1-16.docs.kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubeadm/kubeadm-upgrade/)
- [Upgrading kubeadm cluster from 1.14 to 1.15](https://v1-15.docs.kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubeadm/kubeadm-upgrade-1-15/)
- [Upgrading kubeadm cluster from 1.13 to 1.14](https://v1-15.docs.kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubeadm/kubeadm-upgrade-1-14/)
@@ -27,7 +30,7 @@ The upgrade workflow at high level is the following:
{{% capture prerequisites %}}
- You need to have a kubeadm Kubernetes cluster running version 1.16.0 or later.
- You need to have a kubeadm Kubernetes cluster running version 1.17.0 or later.
- [Swap must be disabled](https://serverfault.com/questions/684771/best-way-to-disable-swap-in-linux).
- The cluster should use a static control plane and etcd pods or external etcd.
- Make sure you read the [release notes]({{< latest-release-notes >}}) carefully.
@@ -54,12 +57,12 @@ The upgrade workflow at high level is the following:
apt update
apt-cache madison kubeadm
# find the latest 1.17 version in the list
# it should look like 1.17.x-00, where x is the latest patch
# it should look like 1.18.x-00, where x is the latest patch
{{% /tab %}}
{{% tab name="CentOS, RHEL or Fedora" %}}
yum list --showduplicates kubeadm --disableexcludes=kubernetes
# find the latest 1.17 version in the list
# it should look like 1.17.x-0, where x is the latest patch
# it should look like 1.18.x-0, where x is the latest patch
{{% /tab %}}
{{< /tabs >}}
@@ -71,18 +74,18 @@ The upgrade workflow at high level is the following:
{{< tabs name="k8s_install_kubeadm_first_cp" >}}
{{% tab name="Ubuntu, Debian or HypriotOS" %}}
# replace x in 1.17.x-00 with the latest patch version
# replace x in 1.18.x-00 with the latest patch version
apt-mark unhold kubeadm && \
apt-get update && apt-get install -y kubeadm=1.17.x-00 && \
apt-get update && apt-get install -y kubeadm=1.18.x-00 && \
apt-mark hold kubeadm
# since apt-get version 1.1 you can also use the following method
apt-get update && \
apt-get install -y --allow-change-held-packages kubeadm=1.17.x-00
apt-get install -y --allow-change-held-packages kubeadm=1.18.x-00
{{% /tab %}}
{{% tab name="CentOS, RHEL or Fedora" %}}
# replace x in 1.17.x-0 with the latest patch version
yum install -y kubeadm-1.17.x-0 --disableexcludes=kubernetes
# replace x in 1.18.x-0 with the latest patch version
yum install -y kubeadm-1.18.x-0 --disableexcludes=kubernetes
{{% /tab %}}
{{< /tabs >}}
@@ -112,28 +115,30 @@ The upgrade workflow at high level is the following:
[upgrade/config] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[upgrade/config] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -oyaml'
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks.
[upgrade] Making sure the cluster is healthy:
[upgrade] Running cluster health checks
[upgrade] Fetching available versions to upgrade to
[upgrade/versions] Cluster version: v1.16.0
[upgrade/versions] kubeadm version: v1.17.0
[upgrade/versions] Cluster version: v1.17.3
[upgrade/versions] kubeadm version: v1.18.0
[upgrade/versions] Latest stable version: v1.18.0
[upgrade/versions] Latest version in the v1.17 series: v1.18.0
Components that must be upgraded manually after you have upgraded the control plane with 'kubeadm upgrade apply':
COMPONENT CURRENT AVAILABLE
Kubelet 1 x v1.16.0 v1.17.0
COMPONENT CURRENT AVAILABLE
Kubelet 1 x v1.17.3 v1.18.0
Upgrade to the latest version in the v1.16 series:
Upgrade to the latest version in the v1.17 series:
COMPONENT CURRENT AVAILABLE
API Server v1.16.0 v1.17.0
Controller Manager v1.16.0 v1.17.0
Scheduler v1.16.0 v1.17.0
Kube Proxy v1.16.0 v1.17.0
CoreDNS 1.6.2 1.6.5
Etcd 3.3.15 3.4.3-0
API Server v1.17.3 v1.18.0
Controller Manager v1.17.3 v1.18.0
Scheduler v1.17.3 v1.18.0
Kube Proxy v1.17.3 v1.18.0
CoreDNS 1.6.5 1.6.7
Etcd 3.4.3 3.4.3-0
You can now apply the upgrade by executing the following command:
kubeadm upgrade apply v1.17.0
kubeadm upgrade apply v1.18.0
_____________________________________________________________________
```
@@ -150,78 +155,79 @@ The upgrade workflow at high level is the following:
```shell
# replace x with the patch version you picked for this upgrade
sudo kubeadm upgrade apply v1.17.x
sudo kubeadm upgrade apply v1.18.x
```
You should see output similar to this:
```
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks.
[upgrade] Making sure the cluster is healthy:
[upgrade/config] Making sure the configuration is correct:
[upgrade/config] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[upgrade/config] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -oyaml'
[upgrade/version] You have chosen to change the cluster version to "v1.17.0"
[upgrade/versions] Cluster version: v1.16.0
[upgrade/versions] kubeadm version: v1.17.0
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks.
[upgrade] Running cluster health checks
[upgrade/version] You have chosen to change the cluster version to "v1.18.0"
[upgrade/versions] Cluster version: v1.17.3
[upgrade/versions] kubeadm version: v1.18.0
[upgrade/confirm] Are you sure you want to proceed with the upgrade? [y/N]: y
[upgrade/prepull] Will prepull images for components [kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler etcd]
[upgrade/prepull] Prepulling image for component etcd.
[upgrade/prepull] Prepulling image for component kube-apiserver.
[upgrade/prepull] Prepulling image for component kube-controller-manager.
[upgrade/prepull] Prepulling image for component kube-scheduler.
[apiclient] Found 0 Pods for label selector k8s-app=upgrade-prepull-kube-scheduler
[apiclient] Found 1 Pods for label selector k8s-app=upgrade-prepull-kube-apiserver
[apiclient] Found 1 Pods for label selector k8s-app=upgrade-prepull-kube-controller-manager
[apiclient] Found 0 Pods for label selector k8s-app=upgrade-prepull-etcd
[apiclient] Found 1 Pods for label selector k8s-app=upgrade-prepull-kube-scheduler
[apiclient] Found 0 Pods for label selector k8s-app=upgrade-prepull-kube-scheduler
[apiclient] Found 1 Pods for label selector k8s-app=upgrade-prepull-kube-apiserver
[apiclient] Found 1 Pods for label selector k8s-app=upgrade-prepull-etcd
[apiclient] Found 1 Pods for label selector k8s-app=upgrade-prepull-kube-scheduler
[upgrade/prepull] Prepulled image for component etcd.
[upgrade/prepull] Prepulled image for component kube-controller-manager.
[upgrade/prepull] Prepulled image for component kube-apiserver.
[upgrade/prepull] Prepulled image for component kube-controller-manager.
[upgrade/prepull] Prepulled image for component kube-scheduler.
[upgrade/prepull] Successfully prepulled the images for all the control plane components
[upgrade/apply] Upgrading your Static Pod-hosted control plane to version "v1.17.0"...
Static pod: kube-apiserver-luboitvbox hash: 8d931c2296a38951e95684cbcbe3b923
Static pod: kube-controller-manager-luboitvbox hash: 2480bf6982ad2103c05f6764e20f2787
Static pod: kube-scheduler-luboitvbox hash: 9b290132363a92652555896288ca3f88
[upgrade/apply] Upgrading your Static Pod-hosted control plane to version "v1.18.0"...
Static pod: kube-apiserver-myhost hash: 2cc222e1a577b40a8c2832320db54b46
Static pod: kube-controller-manager-myhost hash: f7ce4bc35cb6e646161578ac69910f18
Static pod: kube-scheduler-myhost hash: e3025acd90e7465e66fa19c71b916366
[upgrade/etcd] Upgrading to TLS for etcd
[upgrade/staticpods] Writing new Static Pod manifests to "/etc/kubernetes/tmp/kubeadm-upgraded-manifests446257614"
[upgrade/etcd] Non fatal issue encountered during upgrade: the desired etcd version for this Kubernetes version "v1.18.0" is "3.4.3-0", but the current etcd version is "3.4.3". Won't downgrade etcd, instead just continue
[upgrade/staticpods] Writing new Static Pod manifests to "/etc/kubernetes/tmp/kubeadm-upgraded-manifests308527012"
W0308 18:48:14.535122 3082 manifests.go:225] the default kube-apiserver authorization-mode is "Node,RBAC"; using "Node,RBAC"
[upgrade/staticpods] Preparing for "kube-apiserver" upgrade
[upgrade/staticpods] Renewing "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate
[upgrade/staticpods] Renewing "apiserver" certificate
[upgrade/staticpods] Renewing "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate
[upgrade/staticpods] Renewing "front-proxy-client" certificate
[upgrade/staticpods] Moved new manifest to "/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml" and backed up old manifest to "/etc/kubernetes/tmp/kubeadm-backup-manifests-2019-06-05-23-38-03/kube-apiserver.yaml"
[upgrade/staticpods] Renewing apiserver certificate
[upgrade/staticpods] Renewing apiserver-kubelet-client certificate
[upgrade/staticpods] Renewing front-proxy-client certificate
[upgrade/staticpods] Renewing apiserver-etcd-client certificate
[upgrade/staticpods] Moved new manifest to "/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml" and backed up old manifest to "/etc/kubernetes/tmp/kubeadm-backup-manifests-2020-03-08-18-48-14/kube-apiserver.yaml"
[upgrade/staticpods] Waiting for the kubelet to restart the component
[upgrade/staticpods] This might take a minute or longer depending on the component/version gap (timeout 5m0s)
Static pod: kube-apiserver-luboitvbox hash: 8d931c2296a38951e95684cbcbe3b923
Static pod: kube-apiserver-luboitvbox hash: 1b4e2b09a408c844f9d7b535e593ead9
Static pod: kube-apiserver-myhost hash: 2cc222e1a577b40a8c2832320db54b46
Static pod: kube-apiserver-myhost hash: 609429acb0d71dce6725836dd97d8bf4
[apiclient] Found 1 Pods for label selector component=kube-apiserver
[upgrade/staticpods] Component "kube-apiserver" upgraded successfully!
[upgrade/staticpods] Preparing for "kube-controller-manager" upgrade
[upgrade/staticpods] Renewing certificate embedded in "controller-manager.conf"
[upgrade/staticpods] Moved new manifest to "/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml" and backed up old manifest to "/etc/kubernetes/tmp/kubeadm-backup-manifests-2019-06-05-23-38-03/kube-controller-manager.yaml"
[upgrade/staticpods] Renewing controller-manager.conf certificate
[upgrade/staticpods] Moved new manifest to "/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml" and backed up old manifest to "/etc/kubernetes/tmp/kubeadm-backup-manifests-2020-03-08-18-48-14/kube-controller-manager.yaml"
[upgrade/staticpods] Waiting for the kubelet to restart the component
[upgrade/staticpods] This might take a minute or longer depending on the component/version gap (timeout 5m0s)
Static pod: kube-controller-manager-luboitvbox hash: 2480bf6982ad2103c05f6764e20f2787
Static pod: kube-controller-manager-luboitvbox hash: 6617d53423348aa619f1d6e568bb894a
Static pod: kube-controller-manager-myhost hash: f7ce4bc35cb6e646161578ac69910f18
Static pod: kube-controller-manager-myhost hash: c7a1232ba2c5dc15641c392662fe5156
[apiclient] Found 1 Pods for label selector component=kube-controller-manager
[upgrade/staticpods] Component "kube-controller-manager" upgraded successfully!
[upgrade/staticpods] Preparing for "kube-scheduler" upgrade
[upgrade/staticpods] Renewing certificate embedded in "scheduler.conf"
[upgrade/staticpods] Moved new manifest to "/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml" and backed up old manifest to "/etc/kubernetes/tmp/kubeadm-backup-manifests-2019-06-05-23-38-03/kube-scheduler.yaml"
[upgrade/staticpods] Renewing scheduler.conf certificate
[upgrade/staticpods] Moved new manifest to "/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml" and backed up old manifest to "/etc/kubernetes/tmp/kubeadm-backup-manifests-2020-03-08-18-48-14/kube-scheduler.yaml"
[upgrade/staticpods] Waiting for the kubelet to restart the component
[upgrade/staticpods] This might take a minute or longer depending on the component/version gap (timeout 5m0s)
Static pod: kube-scheduler-luboitvbox hash: 9b290132363a92652555896288ca3f88
Static pod: kube-scheduler-luboitvbox hash: edf58ab819741a5d1eb9c33de756e3ca
Static pod: kube-scheduler-myhost hash: e3025acd90e7465e66fa19c71b916366
Static pod: kube-scheduler-myhost hash: b1b721486ae0ac504c160dcdc457ab0d
[apiclient] Found 1 Pods for label selector component=kube-scheduler
[upgrade/staticpods] Component "kube-scheduler" upgraded successfully!
[upgrade/staticpods] Renewing certificate embedded in "admin.conf"
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.17" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[kubelet-start] Downloading configuration for the kubelet from the "kubelet-config-1.17" ConfigMap in the kube-system namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.18" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[kubelet-start] Downloading configuration for the kubelet from the "kubelet-config-1.18" ConfigMap in the kube-system namespace
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
@@ -229,7 +235,7 @@ The upgrade workflow at high level is the following:
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy
[upgrade/successful] SUCCESS! Your cluster was upgraded to "v1.17.0". Enjoy!
[upgrade/successful] SUCCESS! Your cluster was upgraded to "v1.18.0". Enjoy!
[upgrade/kubelet] Now that your control plane is upgraded, please proceed with upgrading your kubelets if you haven't already done so.
```
@@ -271,18 +277,18 @@ Also `sudo kubeadm upgrade plan` is not needed.
{{< tabs name="k8s_install_kubelet" >}}
{{% tab name="Ubuntu, Debian or HypriotOS" %}}
# replace x in 1.17.x-00 with the latest patch version
# replace x in 1.18.x-00 with the latest patch version
apt-mark unhold kubelet kubectl && \
apt-get update && apt-get install -y kubelet=1.17.x-00 kubectl=1.17.x-00 && \
apt-get update && apt-get install -y kubelet=1.18.x-00 kubectl=1.18.x-00 && \
apt-mark hold kubelet kubectl
# since apt-get version 1.1 you can also use the following method
apt-get update && \
apt-get install -y --allow-change-held-packages kubelet=1.17.x-00 kubectl=1.17.x-00
apt-get install -y --allow-change-held-packages kubelet=1.18.x-00 kubectl=1.18.x-00
{{% /tab %}}
{{% tab name="CentOS, RHEL or Fedora" %}}
# replace x in 1.17.x-0 with the latest patch version
yum install -y kubelet-1.17.x-0 kubectl-1.17.x-0 --disableexcludes=kubernetes
# replace x in 1.18.x-0 with the latest patch version
yum install -y kubelet-1.18.x-0 kubectl-1.18.x-0 --disableexcludes=kubernetes
{{% /tab %}}
{{< /tabs >}}
@@ -303,18 +309,18 @@ without compromising the minimum required capacity for running your workloads.
{{< tabs name="k8s_install_kubeadm_worker_nodes" >}}
{{% tab name="Ubuntu, Debian or HypriotOS" %}}
# replace x in 1.17.x-00 with the latest patch version
# replace x in 1.18.x-00 with the latest patch version
apt-mark unhold kubeadm && \
apt-get update && apt-get install -y kubeadm=1.17.x-00 && \
apt-get update && apt-get install -y kubeadm=1.18.x-00 && \
apt-mark hold kubeadm
# since apt-get version 1.1 you can also use the following method
apt-get update && \
apt-get install -y --allow-change-held-packages kubeadm=1.17.x-00
apt-get install -y --allow-change-held-packages kubeadm=1.18.x-00
{{% /tab %}}
{{% tab name="CentOS, RHEL or Fedora" %}}
# replace x in 1.17.x-0 with the latest patch version
yum install -y kubeadm-1.17.x-0 --disableexcludes=kubernetes
# replace x in 1.18.x-0 with the latest patch version
yum install -y kubeadm-1.18.x-0 --disableexcludes=kubernetes
{{% /tab %}}
{{< /tabs >}}
@@ -349,18 +355,18 @@ without compromising the minimum required capacity for running your workloads.
{{< tabs name="k8s_kubelet_and_kubectl" >}}
{{% tab name="Ubuntu, Debian or HypriotOS" %}}
# replace x in 1.17.x-00 with the latest patch version
# replace x in 1.18.x-00 with the latest patch version
apt-mark unhold kubelet kubectl && \
apt-get update && apt-get install -y kubelet=1.17.x-00 kubectl=1.17.x-00 && \
apt-get update && apt-get install -y kubelet=1.18.x-00 kubectl=1.18.x-00 && \
apt-mark hold kubelet kubectl
# since apt-get version 1.1 you can also use the following method
apt-get update && \
apt-get install -y --allow-change-held-packages kubelet=1.17.x-00 kubectl=1.17.x-00
apt-get install -y --allow-change-held-packages kubelet=1.18.x-00 kubectl=1.18.x-00
{{% /tab %}}
{{% tab name="CentOS, RHEL or Fedora" %}}
# replace x in 1.17.x-0 with the latest patch version
yum install -y kubelet-1.17.x-0 kubectl-1.17.x-0 --disableexcludes=kubernetes
# replace x in 1.18.x-0 with the latest patch version
yum install -y kubelet-1.18.x-0 kubectl-1.18.x-0 --disableexcludes=kubernetes
{{% /tab %}}
{{< /tabs >}}
@@ -375,7 +381,7 @@ without compromising the minimum required capacity for running your workloads.
1. Bring the node back online by marking it schedulable:
```shell
# replace <node-to-drain> with the name of your node
# replace <node-to-drain> with the name of your node
kubectl uncordon <node-to-drain>
```
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
---
title: Upgrading Windows nodes
min-kubernetes-server-version: 1.17
content_template: templates/task
weight: 40
---
{{% capture overview %}}
{{< feature-state for_k8s_version="v1.18" state="beta" >}}
This page explains how to upgrade a Windows node [created with kubeadm](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubeadm/adding-windows-nodes).
{{% /capture %}}
{{% capture prerequisites %}}
{{< include "task-tutorial-prereqs.md" >}} {{< version-check >}}
* Familiarize yourself with [the process for upgrading the rest of your kubeadm
cluster](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubeadm/kubeadm-upgrade). You will want to
upgrade the control plane nodes before upgrading your Windows nodes.
{{% /capture %}}
{{% capture steps %}}
## Upgrading worker nodes
### Upgrade kubeadm
1. From the Windows node, upgrade kubeadm:
```powershell
# replace {{< param "fullversion" >}} with your desired version
curl.exe -Lo C:\k\kubeadm.exe https://dl.k8s.io/{{< param "fullversion" >}}/bin/windows/amd64/kubeadm.exe
```
### Drain the node
1. From a machine with access to the Kubernetes API,
prepare the node for maintenance by marking it unschedulable and evicting the workloads:
```shell
# replace <node-to-drain> with the name of your node you are draining
kubectl drain <node-to-drain> --ignore-daemonsets
```
You should see output similar to this:
```
node/ip-172-31-85-18 cordoned
node/ip-172-31-85-18 drained
```
### Upgrade the kubelet configuration
1. From the Windows node, call the following command to sync new kubelet configuration:
```powershell
kubeadm upgrade node
```
### Upgrade kubelet
1. From the Windows node, upgrade and restart the kubelet:
```powershell
stop-service kubelet
curl.exe -Lo C:\k\kubelet.exe https://dl.k8s.io/{{< param "fullversion" >}}/bin/windows/amd64/kubelet.exe
restart-service kubelet
```
### Uncordon the node
1. From a machine with access to the Kubernetes API,
bring the node back online by marking it schedulable:
```shell
# replace <node-to-drain> with the name of your node
kubectl uncordon <node-to-drain>
```
### Upgrade kube-proxy
1. From a machine with access to the Kubernetes API, run the following,
again replacing {{< param "fullversion" >}} with your desired version:
```shell
curl -L https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/sig-windows-tools/releases/latest/download/kube-proxy.yml | sed 's/VERSION/{{< param "fullversion" >}}/g' | kubectl apply -f -
```
{{% /capture %}}
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ reviewers:
- dashpole
title: Reserve Compute Resources for System Daemons
content_template: templates/task
min-kubernetes-server-version: 1.8
---
{{% capture overview %}}
@@ -27,6 +28,9 @@ on each node.
{{% capture prerequisites %}}
{{< include "task-tutorial-prereqs.md" >}} {{< version-check >}}
Your Kubernetes server must be at or later than version 1.17 to use
the kubelet command line option `--reserved-cpus` to set an
[explicitly reserved CPU list](#explicitly-reserved-cpu-list).
{{% /capture %}}
@@ -146,9 +150,9 @@ exist. Kubelet will fail if an invalid cgroup is specified.
- **Kubelet Flag**: `--reserved-cpus=0-3`
`reserved-cpus` is meant to define an explicit CPU set for OS system daemons and
kubernetes system daemons. This option is added in 1.17 release. `reserved-cpus`
is for systems that do not intent to define separate top level cgroups for
OS system daemons and kubernetes system daemons with regard to cpuset resource.
kubernetes system daemons. `reserved-cpus` is for systems that do not intend to
define separate top level cgroups for OS system daemons and kubernetes system daemons
with regard to cpuset resource.
If the Kubelet **does not** have `--system-reserved-cgroup` and `--kube-reserved-cgroup`,
the explicit cpuset provided by `reserved-cpus` will take precedence over the CPUs
defined by `--kube-reserved` and `--system-reserved` options.
@@ -247,36 +251,4 @@ If `kube-reserved` and/or `system-reserved` is not enforced and system daemons
exceed their reservation, `kubelet` evicts pods whenever the overall node memory
usage is higher than `31.5Gi` or `storage` is greater than `90Gi`
## Feature Availability
As of Kubernetes version 1.2, it has been possible to **optionally** specify
`kube-reserved` and `system-reserved` reservations. The scheduler switched to
using `Allocatable` instead of `Capacity` when available in the same release.
As of Kubernetes version 1.6, `eviction-thresholds` are being considered by
computing `Allocatable`. To revert to the old behavior set
`--experimental-allocatable-ignore-eviction` kubelet flag to `true`.
As of Kubernetes version 1.6, `kubelet` enforces `Allocatable` on pods using
control groups. To revert to the old behavior unset `--enforce-node-allocatable`
kubelet flag. Note that unless `--kube-reserved`, or `--system-reserved` or
`--eviction-hard` flags have non-default values, `Allocatable` enforcement does
not affect existing deployments.
As of Kubernetes version 1.6, `kubelet` launches pods in their own cgroup
sandbox in a dedicated part of the cgroup hierarchy it manages. Operators are
required to drain their nodes prior to upgrade of the `kubelet` from prior
versions in order to ensure pods and their associated containers are launched in
the proper part of the cgroup hierarchy.
As of Kubernetes version 1.7, `kubelet` supports specifying `storage` as a resource
for `kube-reserved` and `system-reserved`.
As of Kubernetes version 1.8, the `storage` key name was changed to `ephemeral-storage`
for the alpha release.
As of Kubernetes version 1.17, you can optionally specify
explicit cpuset by `reserved-cpus` as CPUs reserved for OS system
daemons/interrupts/timers and Kubernetes daemons.
{{% /capture %}}
@@ -8,11 +8,12 @@ reviewers:
- nolancon
content_template: templates/task
min-kubernetes-server-version: v1.18
---
{{% capture overview %}}
{{< feature-state state="alpha" >}}
{{< feature-state state="beta" >}}
An increasing number of systems leverage a combination of CPUs and hardware accelerators to support latency-critical execution and high-throughput parallel computation. These include workloads in fields such as telecommunications, scientific computing, machine learning, financial services and data analytics. Such hybrid systems comprise a high performance environment.
@@ -44,6 +45,10 @@ The Topology manager receives Topology information from the *Hint Providers* as
The selected hint is stored as part of the Topology Manager. Depending on the policy configured the pod can be accepted or rejected from the node based on the selected hint.
The hint is then stored in the Topology Manager for use by the *Hint Providers* when making the resource allocation decisions.
### Enable the Topology Manager feature
Support for the Topology Manager requires `TopologyManager` [feature gate](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/) to be enabled. It is enabled by default starting with Kubernetes 1.18.
### Topology Manager Policies
The Topology Manager currently:
@@ -176,12 +181,10 @@ In the case of the `BestEffort` pod the CPU Manager would send back the default
Using this information the Topology Manager calculates the optimal hint for the pod and stores this information, which will be used by the Hint Providers when they are making their resource assignments.
### Known Limitations
1. As of K8s 1.16 the Topology Manager is currently only guaranteed to work if a *single* container in the pod spec requires aligned resources. This is due to the hint generation being based on current resource allocations, and all containers in a pod generate hints before any resource allocation has been made. This results in unreliable hints for all but the first container in a pod.
*Due to this limitation if multiple pods/containers are considered by Kubelet in quick succession they may not respect the Topology Manager policy.
1. The maximum number of NUMA nodes that Topology Manager allows is 8. With more than 8 NUMA nodes there will be a state explosion when trying to enumerate the possible NUMA affinities and generating their hints.
2. The maximum number of NUMA nodes that Topology Manager will allow is 8, past this there will be a state explosion when trying to enumerate the possible NUMA affinities and generating their hints.
3. The scheduler is not topology-aware, so it is possible to be scheduled on a node and then fail on the node due to the Topology Manager.
2. The scheduler is not topology-aware, so it is possible to be scheduled on a node and then fail on the node due to the Topology Manager.
3. The Device Manager and the CPU Manager are the only components to adopt the Topology Manager's HintProvider interface. This means that NUMA alignment can only be achieved for resources managed by the CPU Manager and the Device Manager. Memory or Hugepages are not considered by the Topology Manager for NUMA alignment.
{{% /capture %}}
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ weight: 20
{{% capture overview %}}
{{< feature-state for_k8s_version="v1.16" state="beta" >}}
{{< feature-state for_k8s_version="v1.18" state="stable" >}}
This page shows how to configure [Group Managed Service Accounts](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/security/group-managed-service-accounts/group-managed-service-accounts-overview) (GMSA) for Pods and containers that will run on Windows nodes. Group Managed Service Accounts are a specific type of Active Directory account that provides automatic password management, simplified service principal name (SPN) management, and the ability to delegate the management to other administrators across multiple servers.
@@ -18,9 +18,6 @@ In Kubernetes, GMSA credential specs are configured at a Kubernetes cluster-wide
You need to have a Kubernetes cluster and the `kubectl` command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. The cluster is expected to have Windows worker nodes. This section covers a set of initial steps required once for each cluster:
### WindowsGMSA feature gate
The `WindowsGMSA` feature gate (required to pass down GMSA credential specs from the pod specs to the container runtime) is enabled by default on the API server and the kubelet. See [Feature Gates](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/) for an explanation of enabling or disabling feature gates.
### Install the GMSACredentialSpec CRD
A [CustomResourceDefinition](/docs/tasks/access-kubernetes-api/custom-resources/custom-resource-definitions/)(CRD) for GMSA credential spec resources needs to be configured on the cluster to define the custom resource type `GMSACredentialSpec`. Download the GMSA CRD [YAML](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/windows-gmsa/blob/master/admission-webhook/deploy/gmsa-crd.yml) and save it as gmsa-crd.yaml.
Next, install the CRD with `kubectl apply -f gmsa-crd.yaml`
@@ -42,7 +39,7 @@ Installing the above webhooks and associated objects require the steps below:
1. Create the validating and mutating webhook configurations referring to the deployment.
A [script](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/windows-gmsa/blob/master/admission-webhook/deploy/deploy-gmsa-webhook.sh) can be used to deploy and configure the GMSA webhooks and associated objects mentioned above. The script can be run with a ```--dry-run``` option to allow you to review the changes that would be made to your cluster.
A [script](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/windows-gmsa/blob/master/admission-webhook/deploy/deploy-gmsa-webhook.sh) can be used to deploy and configure the GMSA webhooks and associated objects mentioned above. The script can be run with a ```--dry-run=server``` option to allow you to review the changes that would be made to your cluster.
The [YAML template](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/windows-gmsa/blob/master/admission-webhook/deploy/gmsa-webhook.yml.tpl) used by the script may also be used to deploy the webhooks and associated objects manually (with appropriate substitutions for the parameters)
@@ -6,13 +6,9 @@ weight: 20
{{% capture overview %}}
{{< feature-state for_k8s_version="v1.17" state="beta" >}}
{{< feature-state for_k8s_version="v1.18" state="stable" >}}
This page shows how to enable and use the `RunAsUserName` feature for pods and containers that will run on Windows nodes. This feature is meant to be the Windows equivalent of the Linux-specific `runAsUser` feature, allowing users to run the container entrypoints with a different username that their default ones.
{{< note >}}
This feature is in beta. The overall functionality for `RunAsUserName` will not change, but there may be some changes regarding the username validation.
{{< /note >}}
This page shows how to use the `runAsUserName` setting for Pods and containers that will run on Windows nodes. This is roughly equivalent of the Linux-specific `runAsUser` setting, allowing you to run applications in a container as a different username than the default.
{{% /capture %}}
@@ -60,7 +56,6 @@ The output should be:
ContainerUser
```
## Set the Username for a Container
To specify the username with which to execute a Container's processes, include the `securityContext` field ([SecurityContext](/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/{{< param "version" >}}/#securitycontext-v1-core)) in the Container manifest, and within it, the `windowsOptions` ([WindowsSecurityContextOptions](/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/{{< param "version" >}}/#windowssecuritycontextoptions-v1-core) field containing the `runAsUserName` field.
@@ -299,9 +299,67 @@ token available to the pod at a configurable file path, and refresh the token as
The application is responsible for reloading the token when it rotates. Periodic reloading (e.g. once every 5 minutes) is sufficient for most usecases.
## Service Account Issuer Discovery
{{< feature-state for_k8s_version="v1.18" state="alpha" >}}
The Service Account Issuer Discovery feature is enabled by enabling the
`ServiceAccountIssuerDiscovery` [feature gate](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature)
and then enabling the Service Account Token Projection feature as described
[above](#service-account-token-volume-projection).
{{< note >}}
The issuer URL must comply with the
[OIDC Discovery Spec](https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-discovery-1_0.html). In
practice, this means it must use the `https` scheme, and should serve an OpenID
provider configuration at `{service-account-issuer}/.well-known/openid-configuration`.
If the URL does not comply, the `ServiceAccountIssuerDiscovery` endpoints will
not be registered, even if the feature is enabled.
{{< /note >}}
The Service Account Issuer Discovery feature enables federation of Kubernetes
service account tokens issued by a cluster (the _identity provider_) with
external systems (_relying parties_).
When enabled, the Kubernetes API server provides an OpenID Provider
Configuration document at `/.well-known/openid-configuration` and the associated
JSON Web Key Set (JWKS) at `/openid/v1/jwks`. The OpenID Provider Configuration
is sometimes referred to as the _discovery document_.
When enabled, the cluster is also configured with a default RBAC ClusterRole
called `system:service-account-issuer-discovery`. No role bindings are provided
by default. Administrators may, for example, choose whether to bind the role to
`system:authenticated` or `system:unauthenticated` depending on their security
requirements and which external systems they intend to federate with.
{{< note >}}
The responses served at `/.well-known/openid-configuration` and
`/openid/v1/jwks` are designed to be OIDC compatible, but not strictly OIDC
compliant. Those documents contain only the parameters necessary to perform
validation of Kubernetes service account tokens.
{{< /note >}}
The JWKS response contains public keys that a relying party can use to validate
the Kubernetes service account tokens. Relying parties first query for the
OpenID Provider Configuration, and use the `jwks_uri` field in the response to
find the JWKS.
In many cases, Kubernetes API servers are not available on the public internet,
but public endpoints that serve cached responses from the API server can be made
available by users or service providers. In these cases, it is possible to
override the `jwks_uri` in the OpenID Provider Configuration so that it points
to the public endpoint, rather than the API server's address, by passing the
`--service-account-jwks-uri` flag to the API server. Like the issuer URL, the
JWKS URI is required to use the `https` scheme.
{{% /capture %}}
{{% capture whatsnext %}}
See also the
[Cluster Admin Guide to Service Accounts](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/service-accounts-admin/).
See also:
- [Cluster Admin Guide to Service Accounts](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/service-accounts-admin/)
- [Service Account Signing Key Retrieval KEP](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/blob/master/keps/sig-auth/20190730-oidc-discovery.md)
- [OIDC Discovery Spec](https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-discovery-1_0.html)
{{% /capture %}}
@@ -140,6 +140,45 @@ Exit your shell:
exit
```
## Configure volume permission and ownership change policy for Pods
{{< feature-state for_k8s_version="v1.18" state="alpha" >}}
By default, Kubernetes recursively changes ownership and permissions for the contents of each
volume to match the `fsGroup` specified in a Pod's `securityContext` when that volume is
mounted.
For large volumes, checking and changing ownership and permissions can take a lot of time,
slowing Pod startup. You can use the `fsGroupChangePolicy` field inside a `securityContext`
to control the way that Kubernetes checks and manages ownership and permissions
for a volume.
**fsGroupChangePolicy** - `fsGroupChangePolicy` defines behavior for changing ownership and permission of the volume
before being exposed inside a Pod. This field only applies to volume types that support
`fsGroup` controlled ownership and permissions. This field has two possible values:
* _OnRootMismatch_: Only change permissions and ownership if permission and ownership of root directory does not match with expected permissions of the volume. This could help shorten the time it takes to change ownership and permission of a volume.
* _Always_: Always change permission and ownership of the volume when volume is mounted.
For example:
```yaml
securityContext:
runAsUser: 1000
runAsGroup: 3000
fsGroup: 2000
fsGroupChangePolicy: "OnRootMismatch"
```
This is an alpha feature. To use it, enable the [feature gate](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/) `ConfigurableFSGroupPolicy` for the kube-api-server, the kube-controller-manager, and for the kubelet.
{{< note >}}
This field has no effect on ephemeral volume types such as
[`secret`](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/storage/volumes/#secret),
[`configMap`](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/storage/volumes/#configmap),
and [`emptydir`](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/storage/volumes/#emptydir).
{{< /note >}}
## Set the security context for a Container
To specify security settings for a Container, include the `securityContext` field
@@ -64,38 +64,8 @@ Again, the information from `kubectl describe ...` should be informative. The m
#### My pod is crashing or otherwise unhealthy
First, take a look at the logs of
the current container:
```shell
kubectl logs ${POD_NAME} ${CONTAINER_NAME}
```
If your container has previously crashed, you can access the previous container's crash log with:
```shell
kubectl logs --previous ${POD_NAME} ${CONTAINER_NAME}
```
Alternately, you can run commands inside that container with `exec`:
```shell
kubectl exec ${POD_NAME} -c ${CONTAINER_NAME} -- ${CMD} ${ARG1} ${ARG2} ... ${ARGN}
```
{{< note >}}
`-c ${CONTAINER_NAME}` is optional. You can omit it for Pods that only contain a single container.
{{< /note >}}
As an example, to look at the logs from a running Cassandra pod, you might run
```shell
kubectl exec cassandra -- cat /var/log/cassandra/system.log
```
If none of these approaches work, you can find the host machine that the pod is running on and SSH into that host,
but this should generally not be necessary given tools in the Kubernetes API. Therefore, if you find yourself needing to ssh into a machine, please file a
feature request on GitHub describing your use case and why these tools are insufficient.
Once your pod has been scheduled, the methods described in [Debug Running Pods](
/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-running-pods/) are available for debugging.
#### My pod is running but not doing what I told it to do
@@ -93,40 +93,9 @@ worker node, but it can't run on that machine. Again, the information from
### My pod is crashing or otherwise unhealthy
First, take a look at the logs of the current container:
Once your pod has been scheduled, the methods described in [Debug Running Pods](
/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-running-pods/) are available for debugging.
```shell
kubectl logs ${POD_NAME} ${CONTAINER_NAME}
```
If your container has previously crashed, you can access the previous
container's crash log with:
```shell
kubectl logs --previous ${POD_NAME} ${CONTAINER_NAME}
```
Alternately, you can run commands inside that container with `exec`:
```shell
kubectl exec ${POD_NAME} -c ${CONTAINER_NAME} -- ${CMD} ${ARG1} ${ARG2} ... ${ARGN}
```
{{< note >}}
`-c ${CONTAINER_NAME}` is optional. You can omit it for pods that
only contain a single container.
{{< /note >}}
As an example, to look at the logs from a running Cassandra pod, you might run:
```shell
kubectl exec cassandra -- cat /var/log/cassandra/system.log
```
If your cluster enabled it, you can also try adding an [ephemeral container](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/ephemeral-containers/) into the existing pod. You can use the new temporary container to run arbitrary commands, for example, to diagnose problems inside the Pod. See the page about [ephemeral container](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/ephemeral-containers/) for more details, including feature availability.
If none of these approaches work, you can find the host machine that the pod is
running on and SSH into that host.
## Debugging ReplicationControllers
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
---
reviewers:
- verb
- soltysh
title: Debug Running Pods
content_template: templates/task
---
{{% capture overview %}}
This page explains how to debug Pods running (or crashing) on a Node.
{{% /capture %}}
{{% capture prerequisites %}}
* Your {{< glossary_tooltip text="Pod" term_id="pod" >}} should already be
scheduled and running. If your Pod is not yet running, start with [Troubleshoot
Applications](/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-application/).
* For some of the advanced debugging steps you need to know on which Node the
Pod is running and have shell access to run commands on that Node. You don't
need that access to run the standard debug steps that use `kubectl`.
{{% /capture %}}
{{% capture steps %}}
## Examining pod logs {#examine-pod-logs}
First, look at the logs of the affected container:
```shell
kubectl logs ${POD_NAME} ${CONTAINER_NAME}
```
If your container has previously crashed, you can access the previous container's crash log with:
```shell
kubectl logs --previous ${POD_NAME} ${CONTAINER_NAME}
```
## Debugging with container exec {#container-exec}
If the {{< glossary_tooltip text="container image" term_id="image" >}} includes
debugging utilities, as is the case with images built from Linux and Windows OS
base images, you can run commands inside a specific container with
`kubectl exec`:
```shell
kubectl exec ${POD_NAME} -c ${CONTAINER_NAME} -- ${CMD} ${ARG1} ${ARG2} ... ${ARGN}
```
{{< note >}}
`-c ${CONTAINER_NAME}` is optional. You can omit it for Pods that only contain a single container.
{{< /note >}}
As an example, to look at the logs from a running Cassandra pod, you might run
```shell
kubectl exec cassandra -- cat /var/log/cassandra/system.log
```
You can run a shell that's connected to your terminal using the `-i` and `-t`
arguments to `kubectl exec`, for example:
```shell
kubectl exec -it cassandra -- sh
```
For more details, see [Get a Shell to a Running Container](
/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/get-shell-running-container/).
## Debugging with an ephemeral debug container {#ephemeral-container}
{{< feature-state state="alpha" for_k8s_version="v1.18" >}}
{{< glossary_tooltip text="Ephemeral containers" term_id="ephemeral-container" >}}
are useful for interactive troubleshooting when `kubectl exec` is insufficient
because a container has crashed or a container image doesn't include debugging
utilities, such as with [distroless images](
https://github.com/GoogleContainerTools/distroless). `kubectl` has an alpha
command that can create ephemeral containers for debugging beginning with version
`v1.18`.
### Example debugging using ephemeral containers {#ephemeral-container-example}
{{< note >}}
The examples in this section require the `EphemeralContainers` [feature gate](
/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/) enabled in your
cluster and `kubectl` version v1.18 or later.
{{< /note >}}
You can use the `kubectl alpha debug` command to add ephemeral containers to a
running Pod. First, create a pod for the example:
```shell
kubectl run ephemeral-demo --image=k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1 --restart=Never
```
{{< note >}}
This section use the `pause` container image in examples because it does not
contain userland debugging utilities, but this method works with all container
images.
{{< /note >}}
If you attempt to use `kubectl exec` to create a shell you will see an error
because there is no shell in this container image.
```shell
kubectl exec -it pause -- sh
```
```
OCI runtime exec failed: exec failed: container_linux.go:346: starting container process caused "exec: \"sh\": executable file not found in $PATH": unknown
```
You can instead add a debugging container using `kubectl alpha debug`. If you
specify the `-i`/`--interactive` argument, `kubectl` will automatically attach
to the console of the Ephemeral Container.
```shell
kubectl alpha debug -it ephemeral-demo --image=busybox --target=ephemeral-demo
```
```
Defaulting debug container name to debugger-8xzrl.
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
/ #
```
This command adds a new busybox container and attaches to it. The `--target`
parameter targets the process namespace of another container. It's necessary
here because `kubectl run` does not enable [process namespace sharing](
/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/share-process-namespace/) in the pod it
creates.
{{< note >}}
The `--target` parameter must be supported by the {{< glossary_tooltip
text="Container Runtime" term_id="container-runtime" >}}. When not supported,
the Ephemeral Container may not be started, or it may be started with an
isolated process namespace.
{{< /note >}}
You can view the state of the newly created ephemeral container using `kubectl describe`:
```shell
kubectl describe pod ephemeral-demo
```
```
...
Ephemeral Containers:
debugger-8xzrl:
Container ID: docker://b888f9adfd15bd5739fefaa39e1df4dd3c617b9902082b1cfdc29c4028ffb2eb
Image: busybox
Image ID: docker-pullable://busybox@sha256:1828edd60c5efd34b2bf5dd3282ec0cc04d47b2ff9caa0b6d4f07a21d1c08084
Port: <none>
Host Port: <none>
State: Running
Started: Wed, 12 Feb 2020 14:25:42 +0100
Ready: False
Restart Count: 0
Environment: <none>
Mounts: <none>
...
```
Use `kubectl delete` to remove the Pod when you're finished:
```shell
kubectl delete pod ephemeral-demo
```
<!--
Planned future sections include:
* Debugging with a copy of the pod
See https://git.k8s.io/enhancements/keps/sig-cli/20190805-kubectl-debug.md
-->
## Debugging via a shell on the node {#node-shell-session}
If none of these approaches work, you can find the host machine that the pod is
running on and SSH into that host, but this should generally not be necessary
given tools in the Kubernetes API. Therefore, if you find yourself needing to
ssh into a machine, please file a feature request on GitHub describing your use
case and why these tools are insufficient.
{{% /capture %}}
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ If you haven't created the DaemonSet in the system, check your DaemonSet
manifest with the following command instead:
```shell
kubectl apply -f ds.yaml --dry-run -o go-template='{{.spec.updateStrategy.type}}{{"\n"}}'
kubectl apply -f ds.yaml --dry-run=client -o go-template='{{.spec.updateStrategy.type}}{{"\n"}}'
```
The output from both commands should be:
@@ -17,11 +17,11 @@ can consume huge pages and the current limitations.
{{% capture prerequisites %}}
1. Kubernetes nodes must pre-allocate huge pages in order for the node to report
its huge page capacity. A node may only pre-allocate huge pages for a single
size.
its huge page capacity. A node can pre-allocate huge pages for multiple
sizes.
The nodes will automatically discover and report all huge page resources as a
schedulable resource.
The nodes will automatically discover and report all huge page resources as
schedulable resources.
{{% /capture %}}
@@ -30,12 +30,51 @@ schedulable resource.
## API
Huge pages can be consumed via container level resource requirements using the
resource name `hugepages-<size>`, where size is the most compact binary notation
using integer values supported on a particular node. For example, if a node
supports 2048KiB page sizes, it will expose a schedulable resource
`hugepages-2Mi`. Unlike CPU or memory, huge pages do not support overcommit. Note
that when requesting hugepage resources, either memory or CPU resources must
be requested as well.
resource name `hugepages-<size>`, where `<size>` is the most compact binary
notation using integer values supported on a particular node. For example, if a
node supports 2048KiB and 1048576KiB page sizes, it will expose a schedulable
resources `hugepages-2Mi` and `hugepages-1Gi`. Unlike CPU or memory, huge pages
do not support overcommit. Note that when requesting hugepage resources, either
memory or CPU resources must be requested as well.
A pod may consume multiple huge page sizes in a single pod spec. In this case it
must use `medium: HugePages-<hugepagesize>` notation for all volume mounts.
```yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: huge-pages-example
spec:
containers:
- name: example
image: fedora:latest
command:
- sleep
- inf
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /hugepages-2Mi
name: hugepage-2mi
- mountPath: /hugepages-1Gi
name: hugepage-1gi
resources:
limits:
hugepages-2Mi: 100Mi
hugepages-1Gi: 2Gi
memory: 100Mi
requests:
memory: 100Mi
volumes:
- name: hugepage-2mi
emptyDir:
medium: HugePages-2Mi
- name: hugepage-1gi
emptyDir:
medium: HugePages-1Gi
```
A pod may use `medium: HugePages` only if it requests huge pages of one size.
```yaml
apiVersion: v1
@@ -66,8 +105,7 @@ spec:
- Huge page requests must equal the limits. This is the default if limits are
specified, but requests are not.
- Huge pages are isolated at a pod scope, container isolation is planned in a
future iteration.
- Huge pages are isolated at a container scope, so each container has own limit on their cgroup sandbox as requested in a container spec.
- EmptyDir volumes backed by huge pages may not consume more huge page memory
than the pod request.
- Applications that consume huge pages via `shmget()` with `SHM_HUGETLB` must
@@ -75,10 +113,15 @@ spec:
- Huge page usage in a namespace is controllable via ResourceQuota similar
to other compute resources like `cpu` or `memory` using the `hugepages-<size>`
token.
- Support of multiple sizes huge pages is feature gated. It can be
enabled with the `HugePageStorageMediumSize` [feature
gate](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/) on the {{<
glossary_tooltip text="kubelet" term_id="kubelet" >}} and {{<
glossary_tooltip text="kube-apiserver"
term_id="kube-apiserver" >}} (`--feature-gates=HugePageStorageMediumSize=true`).
## Future
- Support container isolation of huge pages in addition to pod isolation.
- NUMA locality guarantees as a feature of quality of service.
- LimitRange support.
@@ -139,10 +139,10 @@ creation. This is done by piping the output of the `create` command to the
`set` command, and then back to the `create` command. Here's an example:
```sh
kubectl create service clusterip my-svc --clusterip="None" -o yaml --dry-run | kubectl set selector --local -f - 'environment=qa' -o yaml | kubectl create -f -
kubectl create service clusterip my-svc --clusterip="None" -o yaml --dry-run=client | kubectl set selector --local -f - 'environment=qa' -o yaml | kubectl create -f -
```
1. The `kubectl create service -o yaml --dry-run` command creates the configuration for the Service, but prints it to stdout as YAML instead of sending it to the Kubernetes API server.
1. The `kubectl create service -o yaml --dry-run=client` command creates the configuration for the Service, but prints it to stdout as YAML instead of sending it to the Kubernetes API server.
1. The `kubectl set selector --local -f - -o yaml` command reads the configuration from stdin, and writes the updated configuration to stdout as YAML.
1. The `kubectl create -f -` command creates the object using the configuration provided via stdin.
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ You can use `kubectl create --edit` to make arbitrary changes to an object
before it is created. Here's an example:
```sh
kubectl create service clusterip my-svc --clusterip="None" -o yaml --dry-run > /tmp/srv.yaml
kubectl create service clusterip my-svc --clusterip="None" -o yaml --dry-run=client > /tmp/srv.yaml
kubectl create --edit -f /tmp/srv.yaml
```
@@ -791,6 +791,12 @@ kubectl get -k ./
kubectl describe -k ./
```
Run the following command to compare the Deployment object `dev-my-nginx` against the state that the cluster would be in if the manifest was applied:
```shell
kubectl diff -k ./
```
Run the following command to delete the Deployment object `dev-my-nginx`:
```shell
@@ -284,6 +284,154 @@ and [external.metrics.k8s.io](https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/maste
For examples of how to use them see [the walkthrough for using custom metrics](/docs/tasks/run-application/horizontal-pod-autoscale-walkthrough/#autoscaling-on-multiple-metrics-and-custom-metrics)
and [the walkthrough for using external metrics](/docs/tasks/run-application/horizontal-pod-autoscale-walkthrough/#autoscaling-on-metrics-not-related-to-kubernetes-objects).
## Support for configurable scaling behavior
Starting from
[v1.18](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/blob/master/keps/sig-autoscaling/20190307-configurable-scale-velocity-for-hpa.md)
the `v2beta2` API allows scaling behavior to be configured through the HPA
`behavior` field. Behaviors are specified separately for scaling up and down in
`scaleUp` or `scaleDown` section under the `behavior` field. A stabilization
window can be specified for both directions which prevents the flapping of the
number of the replicas in the scaling target. Similarly specifing scaling
policies controls the rate of change of replicas while scaling.
### Scaling Policies
One or more scaling policies can be specified in the `behavior` section of the spec.
When multiple policies are specified the policy which allows the highest amount of
change is the policy which is selected by default. The following example shows this behavior
while scaling down:
```yaml
behavior:
scaleDown:
policies:
- type: Pods
value: 4
periodSeconds: 60
- type: Percent
value: 10
periodSeconds: 60
```
When the number of pods is more than 40 the second policy will be used for scaling down.
For instance if there are 80 replicas and the target has to be scaled down to 10 replicas
then during the first step 8 replicas will be reduced. In the next iteration when the number
of replicas is 72, 10% of the pods is 7.2 but the number is rounded up to 8. On each loop of
the autoscaler controller the number of pods to be change is re-calculated based on the number
of current replicas. When the number of replicas falls below 40 the first policy_(Pods)_ is applied
and 4 replicas will be reduced at a time.
`periodSeconds` indicates the length of time in the past for which the policy must hold true.
The first policy allows at most 4 replicas to be scaled down in one minute. The second policy
allows at most 10% of the current replicas to be scaled down in one minute.
The policy selection can be changed by specifying the `selectPolicy` field for a scaling
direction. By setting the value to `Min` which would select the policy which allows the
smallest change in the replica count. Setting the value to `Disabled` completely disabled
scaling in that direction.
### Stabilization Window
The stabilization window is used to retrict the flapping of replicas when the metrics
used for scaling keep fluctuating. The stabilization window is used by the autoscaling
algorithm to consider the computed desired state from the past to prevent scaling. In
the following example the stabilization window is specified for `scaleDown`.
```yaml
scaleDown:
stabilizationWindowSeconds: 300
```
When the metrics indicate that the target should be scaled down the algorithm looks
into previously computed desired states and uses the highest value from the specified
interval. In above example all desired states from the past 5 minutes will be considered.
### Default Behavior
To use the custom scaling not all fields have to be specified. Only values which need to be
customized can be specified. These custom values are merged with default values. The default values
match the existing behavior in the HPA algorithm.
```yaml
behavior:
scaleDown:
stabilizationWindowSeconds: 300
policies:
- type: Percent
value: 100
periodSeconds: 15
scaleUp:
stabilizationWindowSeconds: 0
policies:
- type: Percent
value: 100
periodSeconds: 15
- type: Pods
value: 4
periodSeconds: 15
selectPolicy: Max
```
For scaling down the stabilization window is _300_ seconds(or the value of the
`--horizontal-pod-autoscaler-downscale-stabilization` flag if provided). There is only a single policy
for scaling down which allows a 100% of the currently running replicas to be removed which
means the scaling target can be scaled down to the minimum allowed replicas.
For scaling up there is no stabilization window. When the metrics indicate that the target should be
scaled up the target is scaled up immediately. There are 2 policies which. 4 pods or a 100% of the currently
running replicas will be added every 15 seconds till the HPA reaches its steady state.
### Example: change downscale stabilization window
To provide a custom downscale stabilization window of 1 minute, the following
behavior would be added to the HPA:
```yaml
behavior:
scaleDown:
stabilizationWindowSeconds: 60
```
### Example: limit scale down rate
To limit the rate at which pods are removed by the HPA to 10% per minute, the
following behavior would be added to the HPA:
```yaml
behavior:
scaleDown:
policies:
- type: Percent
value: 10
periodSeconds: 60
```
To allow a final drop of 5 pods, another policy can be added and a selection
strategy of minimum:
```yaml
behavior:
scaleDown:
policies:
- type: Percent
value: 10
periodSeconds: 60
- type: Pods
value: 5
periodSeconds: 60
selectPolicy: Max
```
### Example: disable scale down
The `selectPolicy` value of `Disabled` turns off scaling the given direction.
So to prevent downscaling the following policy would be used:
```yaml
behavior:
scaleDown:
selectPolicy: Disabled
```
{{% /capture %}}
{{% capture whatsnext %}}