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Official 1.14 Release Docs (#13174)

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* Official documentation on Poseidon/Firmament, a new multi-scheduler support for K8S. (#11752)

* Added documentation about Poseidon-Firmament scheduler

* Fixed some style issues.

* Udpated the document as per the review comments.

* Fixed some typos and updated the document

* Updated the document as per the review comments.

* Document timeout attribute for kms-plugin. (#12158)

See 72540.

* Official documentation on Poseidon/Firmament, a new multi-scheduler  (#12343)

* Removed the old version of the Poseidon documentation. Incorrect location.

* Official documentation on Poseidon/Firmament, a new multi-scheduler support for K8S (#12069)

* Official documentation on Poseidon/Firmament, a new multi-scheduler support for K8S. (#11752)

* Added documentation about Poseidon-Firmament scheduler

* Fixed some style issues.

* Udpated the document as per the review comments.

* Fixed some typos and updated the document

* Updated the document as per the review comments.

* Updated the document as per review comments. Added config details.

* Updated the document as per the latest review comments. Fixed nits

* Made changes as per latest suggestions.

* Some more changes added.

* Updated as per suggestions.

* Changed the release process section.

* SIG Docs edits

Small edits to match style guidelines.

* add plus to feature state

* capitalization

* revert feature state shortcode

since this is a Kubernetes extension, not a direct feature, it shouldn't use the regular feature state tagging.

(cherry picked from commit 7730c1540b)

* Remove initializers from doc. It will be removed in 1.14 (#12331)

* kubeadm: Document CRI auto detection functionality (#12462)

Signed-off-by: Rostislav M. Georgiev <rostislavg@vmware.com>

* Minor doc change for GAing Pod DNS Config (#12514)

* Graduate ExpandInUsePersistentVolumes feature to beta (#10574)

* Rename 2018-11-07-grpc-load-balancing-with-linkerd.md.md file (#12594)

* Add dynamic percentage of node scoring to user docs (#12235)

* Add dynamic percentage of node scoring to user docs

* addressed review comments

* delete special symbol (#12445)

* Update documentation for VolumeSubpathEnvExpansion (#11843)

* Update documentation for VolumeSubpathEnvExpansion

* Address comments - improve descriptions

* Graduate Pod Priority and Preemption to GA (#12428)

* Added Instana links to the documentation (#12977)

* Added link to the Instana Kubernetes integration

* Added Instana link for services section

Added Instana and a link to the Kubernetes integration to the analytics services section and broadened the scope to APM, monitoring and analytics.

* Oxford comma /flex

* More Oxford commas, because they matter

* Update kubectl plugins to stable (#12847)

* documentation for CSI topology beta (#12889)

* Document changes to default RBAC discovery ClusterRole(Binding)s (#12888)

* Document changes to default RBAC discovery ClusterRole(Binding)s

Documentation for https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/issues/789 and https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/73807

* documentation review feedback

* CSI raw block to beta (#12931)

* Change incorrect string raw to block (#12926)

Fixes #12925

* Update documentation on node OS/arch labels (#12976)

These labels have been promoted to GA:
https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/issues/793

* local pv GA doc updates (#12915)

* Publish CRD OpenAPI Documentation (#12910)

* add documentation for CustomResourcePublishOpenAPI

* address comments

fix links, ordered lists, style and typo

* kubeadm: add document for upgrading from 1.13 to 1.14 (single CP and HA) (#13189)

* kubeadm: add document for upgrading from 1.13 to 1.14

- remove doc for upgrading 1.10 -> 1.11

* kubeadm: apply amends to upgrade-1.14 doc

* kubeadm: apply amends to upgrade-1.14 doc (part2)

* kubeadm: apply amends to upgrade-1.14 doc (part3)

* kubeadm: add note about "upgrade node experimental-control-plane"

+ add comment about `upgrade plan`

* kubeadm: add missing "You should see output similar to this"

* fix bullet indentation (#13214)

* mark PodReadinessGate GA (#12800)

* Update RuntimeClass documentation for beta (#13043)

* Update RuntimeClass documentation for beta

* Update feature gate & add upgrade section

* formatting fixes

* Highlight upgrade action required

* Address feedback

* CSI ephemeral volume alpha documentation (#10934)

* update kubectl documentation (#12867)

* update kubectl documentation

* add document for Secret/ConfigMap generators

* replace `kubectl create -f` by `kubectl apply -f`

* Add page for kustomization support in kubectl

* fix spelling errors and address comments

* Documentation for Windows GMSA feature (#12936)

* Documentation for Windows GMSA feature

Signed-off-by: Deep Debroy <ddebroy@docker.com>

* Enhancements to GMSA docs

Signed-off-by: Deep Debroy <ddebroy@docker.com>

* Fix links

Signed-off-by: Deep Debroy <ddebroy@docker.com>

* Fix GMSA link

Signed-off-by: Deep Debroy <ddebroy@docker.com>

* Add GMSA feature flag in feature flag list

Signed-off-by: Deep Debroy <ddebroy@docker.com>

* Relocate GMSA to container configuration

Signed-off-by: Deep Debroy <ddebroy@docker.com>

* Add example for container spec

Signed-off-by: Deep Debroy <ddebroy@docker.com>

* Remove changes in Windows index

Signed-off-by: Deep Debroy <ddebroy@docker.com>

* Update configure-gmsa.md

* Update configure-gmsa.md

* Update configure-gmsa.md

* Update configure-gmsa.md

* Rearrange the steps into two sections and other edits

Signed-off-by: Deep Debroy <ddebroy@docker.com>

* Fix links

Signed-off-by: Deep Debroy <ddebroy@docker.com>

* Add reference to script to generate GMSA YAMLs

Signed-off-by: Deep Debroy <ddebroy@docker.com>

* Some more clarifications for GMSA

Signed-off-by: Deep Debroy <ddebroy@docker.com>

* HugePages graduated to GA (#13004)

* HugePages graduated to GA

* fixing nit for build

* Docs for node PID limiting (https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/73651) (#12932)

* kubeadm: update the reference documentation for 1.14 (#12911)

* kubeadm: update list of generated files for 1.14

NOTE: PLACEHOLDERS! these files are generated by SIG Docs each
release, but we need them to pass the k/website PR CI.

- add join_phase* (new sub phases of join)
- add init_phase_upload-certs.md (new upload certs phase for init)
- remove alpha-preflight (now both init and join have this)

* kubeadm: update reference docs includes for 1.14

- remove includes from alpha.md
- add upload-certs to init-phase.md
- add join-phase.md and it's phases

* kubeadm: update the editorial content of join and init

- cleanup master->control-plane node
- add some notes about phases and join
- remove table about pre-pulling images
- remove outdated info about self-hosting

* kubeadm: update target release for v1alpha3 removal

1.14 -> 1.15

* kubeadm: copy edits for 1.14 reference docs (part1)

* kubeadm: use "shell" for code blocks

* kubeadm: update the 1.14 HA guide (#13191)

* kubeadm: update the 1.14 HA guide

* kubeadm: try to fix note/caution indent in HA page

* kubeadm: fix missing sudo and minor amends in HA doc

* kubeadm: apply latest amends to the HA doc for 1.14

* fixed a few missed merge conflicts

* Admission Webhook new features doc (#12938)

- kubernetes/kubernetes#74998
- kubernetes/kubernetes#74477
- kubernetes/kubernetes#74562

* Clarifications and fixes in GMSA doc (#13226)

* Clarifications and fixes in GMSA doc

Signed-off-by: Deep Debroy <ddebroy@docker.com>

* Update configure-gmsa.md

* Reformat to align headings and pre-reqs better

Signed-off-by: Deep Debroy <ddebroy@docker.com>

* Reformat to align headings and pre-reqs better

Signed-off-by: Deep Debroy <ddebroy@docker.com>

* Reformat to fix bullets

Signed-off-by: Deep Debroy <ddebroy@docker.com>

* Reword application of sample gmsa

Signed-off-by: Deep Debroy <ddebroy@docker.com>

* Update configure-gmsa.md

* Address feedback to use active voice

Signed-off-by: Deep Debroy <ddebroy@docker.com>

* Address feedback to use active voice

Signed-off-by: Deep Debroy <ddebroy@docker.com>

* RunAsGroup documentation for Progressing this to Beta (#12297)

* start serverside-apply documentation (#13077)

* start serverside-apply documentation

* add more concept info on server side apply

* Update api concepts

* Update api-concepts.md

* fix style issues

* Document CSI update (#12928)

* Document CSI update

* Finish CSI documentation

Also fix mistake with  ExpandInUsePersistentVolumes documented as beta

* Overall docs for CSI Migration feature (#12935)

* Placeholder docs for CSI Migration feature

Signed-off-by: Deep Debroy <ddebroy@docker.com>

* Address CR comments and update feature gates

Signed-off-by: Deep Debroy <ddebroy@docker.com>

* Add mappings for CSI plugins

Signed-off-by: Deep Debroy <ddebroy@docker.com>

* Add sections for AWS and GCE PD migration

Signed-off-by: Deep Debroy <ddebroy@docker.com>

* Add docs for Cinder and CSI Migration info

Signed-off-by: Deep Debroy <ddebroy@docker.com>

* Clarify scope to volumes with file system

Signed-off-by: Deep Debroy <ddebroy@docker.com>

* Change the format of EBS and Cinder CSI Migration sections to follow the GCE template

Signed-off-by: Deep Debroy <ddebroy@docker.com>

* Windows documentation updates for 1.14 (#12929)

* Updated the note to indicate doc work for 1.14

* first attempt at md export from gdoc

* simplifyig

* big attempt

* moving DRAFT windows content to PR for review

* moving content to PR in markdown for review

* updated note tags

* Delete windows-contributing.md

deleting this file as it is already ported to the github contributor guide

* fixed formatting in intro and cluster setup guide

* updating formatting for running containers guide

* rejiggered end of troubleshooting

* fixed minor typos

* Clarified the windows binary download step

* Update _index.md

making updates based on feedback

* Update _index.md

updating ovn-kubernetes docs

* Update _index.md

* Update _index.md

* updating relative docs links

updating all the links to be relative links to /docs

* Update _index.md

* Update _index.md

updates for windows services and ovn-kubernetes

* formatted for correct step numbering

* fix typos

* Update _index.md

updates for flannel PR in troubleshooting

* Update _index.md

* Update _index.md

updating a few sections like roadmap, services, troubleshooting/filing tickets

* Update _index.md

* Update _index.md

* Update _index.md

* Fixed a few whitespace issues

* Update _index.md

* Update _index.md

* Update _index.md

* add section on upgrading CoreDNS (#12909)

* documentation for kubelet resource metrics endpoint (#12934)

* windows docs updates for 1.14 (#13279)

* Delete sample-l2bridge-wincni-config.json

this file is not used anywhere

* Update _index.md

* Update _index.md

* Update _index.md

* Update _index.md

* Update _index.md

* Rename content/en/docs/getting-started-guides/windows/_index.md to content/en/docs/setup/windows/_index.md

moving to new location

* Delete flannel-master-kubectl-get-ds.png

* Delete flannel-master-kubeclt-get-pods.png

* Delete windows-docker-error.png

* Add files via upload

* Rename _index.md to add-windows-nodes.md

* Create _index.md

* Update _index.md

* Update add-windows-nodes.md

* Update add-windows-nodes.md

* Create user-guide-windows-nodes.md

* Create user-guide-windows-containers.md

* Update and rename add-windows-nodes.md to intro-windows-nodes.md

* Update user-guide-windows-containers.md

* Rename intro-windows-nodes.md to intro-windows-in-kubernetes.md

* Update user-guide-windows-nodes.md

* Update user-guide-windows-containers.md

* Update user-guide-windows-containers.md

* Update user-guide-windows-nodes.md

* Update user-guide-windows-containers.md

* Update _index.md

* Update intro-windows-in-kubernetes.md

* Update intro-windows-in-kubernetes.md

fixing the pause image

* Update intro-windows-in-kubernetes.md

changing tables from html to MD

* Update user-guide-windows-nodes.md

converting tables from HTML to MD

* Update intro-windows-in-kubernetes.md

* Update user-guide-windows-nodes.md

* Update user-guide-windows-nodes.md

* Update user-guide-windows-nodes.md

updating the numbering , even though it messes up the notes a little bit. Jim will file a ticket to follow up

* Update user-guide-windows-nodes.md

* update to windows docs for 1.14 (#13322)

* Update intro-windows-in-kubernetes.md

* Update intro-windows-in-kubernetes.md

* Update intro-windows-in-kubernetes.md

* Update intro-windows-in-kubernetes.md

* Update intro-windows-in-kubernetes.md

* Update user-guide-windows-containers.md

* Update user-guide-windows-nodes.md

* Update intro-windows-in-kubernetes.md (#13344)

* server side apply followup (#13321)

* change some parts of serverside apply docs in response to comments

* fix typos and wording

* Update config.toml (#13365)
This commit is contained in:
Jim Angel
2019-03-25 17:06:16 -05:00
committed by Kubernetes Prow Robot
parent 28dd4d5154
commit 851ef58fa8
160 changed files with 4319 additions and 1812 deletions
Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files
content/en/docs/concepts/configuration/assign-pod-node.md
+3 -3
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@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ Then add a nodeSelector like so:
{{< codenew file="pods/pod-nginx.yaml" >}}
When you then run `kubectl create -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/pod-nginx.yaml`,
When you then run `kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/pod-nginx.yaml`,
the Pod will get scheduled on the node that you attached the label to. You can
verify that it worked by running `kubectl get pods -o wide` and looking at the
"NODE" that the Pod was assigned to.
@@ -83,8 +83,8 @@ with a standard set of labels. As of Kubernetes v1.4 these labels are
* `failure-domain.beta.kubernetes.io/zone`
* `failure-domain.beta.kubernetes.io/region`
* `beta.kubernetes.io/instance-type`
* `beta.kubernetes.io/os`
* `beta.kubernetes.io/arch`
* `kubernetes.io/os`
* `kubernetes.io/arch`
{{< note >}}
The value of these labels is cloud provider specific and is not guaranteed to be reliable.
content/en/docs/concepts/configuration/overview.md
+2 -2
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@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ This is a living document. If you think of something that is not on this list bu
- Group related objects into a single file whenever it makes sense. One file is often easier to manage than several. See the [guestbook-all-in-one.yaml](https://github.com/kubernetes/examples/tree/{{< param "githubbranch" >}}/guestbook/all-in-one/guestbook-all-in-one.yaml) file as an example of this syntax.
- Note also that many `kubectl` commands can be called on a directory. For example, you can call `kubectl create` on a directory of config files.
- Note also that many `kubectl` commands can be called on a directory. For example, you can call `kubectl apply` on a directory of config files.
- Don't specify default values unnecessarily: simple, minimal configuration will make errors less likely.
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ The caching semantics of the underlying image provider make even `imagePullPolic
## Using kubectl
- Use `kubectl apply -f <directory>` or `kubectl create -f <directory>`. This looks for Kubernetes configuration in all `.yaml`, `.yml`, and `.json` files in `<directory>` and passes it to `apply` or `create`.
- Use `kubectl apply -f <directory>`. This looks for Kubernetes configuration in all `.yaml`, `.yml`, and `.json` files in `<directory>` and passes it to `apply`.
- Use label selectors for `get` and `delete` operations instead of specific object names. See the sections on [label selectors](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labels/#label-selectors) and [using labels effectively](/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/manage-deployment/#using-labels-effectively).
content/en/docs/concepts/configuration/pod-priority-preemption.md
+9 -22
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@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ weight: 70
{{% capture overview %}}
{{< feature-state for_k8s_version="1.11" state="beta" >}}
{{< feature-state for_k8s_version="1.14" state="stable" >}}
[Pods](/docs/user-guide/pods) can have _priority_. Priority indicates the
importance of a Pod relative to other Pods. If a Pod cannot be scheduled, the
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ pending Pod possible.
In Kubernetes 1.9 and later, Priority also affects scheduling order of Pods and
out-of-resource eviction ordering on the Node.
Pod priority and preemption are moved to beta since Kubernetes 1.11 and are
enabled by default in this release and later.
Pod priority and preemption graduated to beta in Kubernetes 1.11 and to GA in
Kubernetes 1.14. They have been enabled by default since 1.11.
In Kubernetes versions where Pod priority and preemption is still an alpha-level
feature, you need to explicitly enable it. To use these features in the older
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ Kubernetes Version | Priority and Preemption State | Enabled by default
1.9 | alpha | no
1.10 | alpha | no
1.11 | beta | yes
1.14 | GA | yes
{{< warning >}}In a cluster where not all users are trusted, a
malicious user could create pods at the highest possible priorities, causing
@@ -71,15 +72,15 @@ Pods.
## How to disable preemption
{{< note >}}
In Kubernetes 1.11, critical pods (except DaemonSet pods, which are
still scheduled by the DaemonSet controller) rely on scheduler preemption to be
scheduled when a cluster is under resource pressure. For this reason, you will
need to run an older version of Rescheduler if you decide to disable preemption.
More on this is provided below.
In Kubernetes 1.12+, critical pods rely on scheduler preemption to be scheduled
when a cluster is under resource pressure. For this reason, it is not
recommended to disable preemption.
{{< /note >}}
In Kubernetes 1.11 and later, preemption is controlled by a kube-scheduler flag
`disablePreemption`, which is set to `false` by default.
If you want to disable preemption despite the above note, you can set
`disablePreemption` to `true`.
This option is available in component configs only and is not available in
old-style command line options. Below is a sample component config to disable
@@ -96,20 +97,6 @@ algorithmSource:
disablePreemption: true
```
### Start an older version of Rescheduler in the cluster
When priority or preemption is disabled, we must run Rescheduler v0.3.1 (instead
of v0.4.0) to ensure that critical Pods are scheduled when nodes or cluster are
under resource pressure. Since critical Pod annotation is still supported in
this release, running Rescheduler should be enough and no other changes to the
configuration of Pods should be needed.
Rescheduler images can be found at:
[gcr.io/k8s-image-staging/rescheduler](http://gcr.io/k8s-image-staging/rescheduler).
In the code, changing the Rescheduler version back to v.0.3.1 is the reverse of
[this PR](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/65454).
## PriorityClass
A PriorityClass is a non-namespaced object that defines a mapping from a
content/en/docs/concepts/configuration/scheduler-perf-tuning.md
+37 -33
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@@ -8,15 +8,15 @@ weight: 70
{{% capture overview %}}
{{< feature-state for_k8s_version="1.12" >}}
{{< feature-state for_k8s_version="1.14" state="beta" >}}
Kube-scheduler is the Kubernetes default scheduler. It is responsible for
placement of Pods on Nodes in a cluster. Nodes in a cluster that meet the
scheduling requirements of a Pod are called "feasible" Nodes for the Pod. The
scheduler finds feasible Nodes for a Pod and then runs a set of functions to
score the feasible Nodes and picks a Node with the highest score among the
feasible ones to run the Pod. The scheduler then notifies the API server about this
decision in a process called "Binding".
feasible ones to run the Pod. The scheduler then notifies the API server about
this decision in a process called "Binding".
{{% /capture %}}
@@ -24,15 +24,23 @@ decision in a process called "Binding".
## Percentage of Nodes to Score
Before Kubernetes 1.12, Kube-scheduler used to check the feasibility of all the
nodes in a cluster and then scored the feasible ones. Kubernetes 1.12 has a new
feature that allows the scheduler to stop looking for more feasible nodes once
it finds a certain number of them. This improves the scheduler's performance in
large clusters. The number is specified as a percentage of the cluster size and
is controlled by a configuration option called `percentageOfNodesToScore`. The
range should be between 1 and 100. Other values are considered as 100%. The
default value of this option is 50%. A cluster administrator can change this value by providing a
different value in the scheduler configuration. However, it may not be necessary to change this value.
Before Kubernetes 1.12, Kube-scheduler used to check the feasibility of all
nodes in a cluster and then scored the feasible ones. Kubernetes 1.12 added a
new feature that allows the scheduler to stop looking for more feasible nodes
once it finds a certain number of them. This improves the scheduler's
performance in large clusters. The number is specified as a percentage of the
cluster size. The percentage can be controlled by a configuration option called
`percentageOfNodesToScore`. The range should be between 1 and 100. Larger values
are considered as 100%. Zero is equivalent to not providing the config option.
Kubernetes 1.14 has logic to find the percentage of nodes to score based on the
size of the cluster if it is not specified in the configuration. It uses a
linear formula which yields 50% for a 100-node cluster. The formula yields 10%
for a 5000-node cluster. The lower bound for the automatic value is 5%. In other
words, the scheduler always scores at least 5% of the cluster no matter how
large the cluster is, unless the user provides the config option with a value
smaller than 5.
Below is an example configuration that sets `percentageOfNodesToScore` to 50%.
```yaml
apiVersion: componentconfig/v1alpha1
@@ -45,26 +53,22 @@ algorithmSource:
percentageOfNodesToScore: 50
```
{{< note >}}
In clusters with zero or less than 50 feasible nodes, the
scheduler still checks all the nodes, simply because there are not enough
feasible nodes to stop the scheduler's search early.
{{< /note >}}
{{< note >}} In clusters with less than 50 feasible nodes, the scheduler still
checks all the nodes, simply because there are not enough feasible nodes to stop
the scheduler's search early. {{< /note >}}
**To disable this feature**, you can set `percentageOfNodesToScore` to 100.
### Tuning percentageOfNodesToScore
`percentageOfNodesToScore` must be a value between 1 and 100
with the default value of 50. There is also a hardcoded minimum value of 50
nodes which is applied internally. The scheduler tries to find at
least 50 nodes regardless of the value of `percentageOfNodesToScore`. This means
that changing this option to lower values in clusters with several hundred nodes
will not have much impact on the number of feasible nodes that the scheduler
tries to find. This is intentional as this option is unlikely to improve
performance noticeably in smaller clusters. In large clusters with over a 1000
nodes setting this value to lower numbers may show a noticeable performance
improvement.
`percentageOfNodesToScore` must be a value between 1 and 100 with the default
value being calculated based on the cluster size. There is also a hardcoded
minimum value of 50 nodes. This means that changing
this option to lower values in clusters with several hundred nodes will not have
much impact on the number of feasible nodes that the scheduler tries to find.
This is intentional as this option is unlikely to improve performance noticeably
in smaller clusters. In large clusters with over a 1000 nodes setting this value
to lower numbers may show a noticeable performance improvement.
An important note to consider when setting this value is that when a smaller
number of nodes in a cluster are checked for feasibility, some nodes are not
@@ -72,14 +76,14 @@ sent to be scored for a given Pod. As a result, a Node which could possibly
score a higher value for running the given Pod might not even be passed to the
scoring phase. This would result in a less than ideal placement of the Pod. For
this reason, the value should not be set to very low percentages. A general rule
of thumb is to never set the value to anything lower than 30. Lower values
of thumb is to never set the value to anything lower than 10. Lower values
should be used only when the scheduler's throughput is critical for your
application and the score of nodes is not important. In other words, you prefer
to run the Pod on any Node as long as it is feasible.
It is not recommended to lower this value from its default if your cluster has
only several hundred Nodes. It is unlikely to improve the scheduler's
performance significantly.
If your cluster has several hundred Nodes or fewer, we do not recommend lowering
the default value of this configuration option. It is unlikely to improve the
scheduler's performance significantly.
### How the scheduler iterates over Nodes
@@ -91,8 +95,8 @@ for running Pods, the scheduler iterates over the nodes in a round robin
fashion. You can imagine that Nodes are in an array. The scheduler starts from
the start of the array and checks feasibility of the nodes until it finds enough
Nodes as specified by `percentageOfNodesToScore`. For the next Pod, the
scheduler continues from the point in the Node array that it stopped at when checking
feasibility of Nodes for the previous Pod.
scheduler continues from the point in the Node array that it stopped at when
checking feasibility of Nodes for the previous Pod.
If Nodes are in multiple zones, the scheduler iterates over Nodes in various
zones to ensure that Nodes from different zones are considered in the
content/en/docs/concepts/configuration/secret.md
+95 -23
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@@ -75,6 +75,12 @@ kubectl create secret generic db-user-pass --from-file=./username.txt --from-fil
```
secret "db-user-pass" created
```
{{< note >}}
Special characters such as `$`, `\*`, and `!` require escaping.
If the password you are using has special characters, you need to escape them using the `\\` character. For example, if your actual password is `S!B\*d$zDsb`, you should execute the command this way:
kubectl create secret generic dev-db-secret --from-literal=username=devuser --from-literal=password=S\\!B\\\*d\\$zDsb
You do not need to escape special characters in passwords from files (`--from-file`).
{{< /note >}}
You can check that the secret was created like this:
@@ -143,10 +149,10 @@ data:
password: MWYyZDFlMmU2N2Rm
```
Now create the Secret using [`kubectl create`](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands#create):
Now create the Secret using [`kubectl apply`](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands#apply):
```shell
kubectl create -f ./secret.yaml
kubectl apply -f ./secret.yaml
```
```
secret "mysecret" created
@@ -184,7 +190,7 @@ stringData:
```
Your deployment tool could then replace the `{{username}}` and `{{password}}`
template variables before running `kubectl create`.
template variables before running `kubectl apply`.
stringData is a write-only convenience field. It is never output when
retrieving Secrets. For example, if you run the following command:
@@ -254,6 +260,73 @@ using the `-b` option to split long lines. Conversely Linux users *should* add
the option `-w 0` to `base64` commands or the pipeline `base64 | tr -d '\n'` if
`-w` option is not available.
#### Creating a Secret from Generator
Kubectl supports [managing objects using Kustomize](/docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/kustomization/)
since 1.14. With this new feature,
you can also create a Secret from generators and then apply it to create the object on
the Apiserver. The generators
should be specified in a `kustomization.yaml` inside a directory.
For example, to generate a Secret from files `./username.txt` and `./password.txt`
```shell
# Create a kustomization.yaml file with SecretGenerator
cat <<EOF >./kustomization.yaml
secretGenerator:
- name: db-user-pass
files:
- username.txt
- password.txt
EOF
```
Apply the kustomization directory to create the Secret object.
```shell
$ kubectl apply -k .
secret/db-user-pass-96mffmfh4k created
```
You can check that the secret was created like this:
```shell
$ kubectl get secrets
NAME TYPE DATA AGE
db-user-pass-96mffmfh4k Opaque 2 51s
$ kubectl describe secrets/db-user-pass-96mffmfh4k
Name: db-user-pass
Namespace: default
Labels: <none>
Annotations: <none>
Type: Opaque
Data
====
password.txt: 12 bytes
username.txt: 5 bytes
```
For example, to generate a Secret from literals `username=admin` and `password=secret`,
you can specify the secret generator in `kusotmization.yaml` as
```shell
# Create a kustomization.yaml file with SecretGenerator
$ cat <<EOF >./kustomization.yaml
secretGenerator:
- name: db-user-pass
literals:
- username=admin
- password=secret
EOF
```
Apply the kustomization directory to create the Secret object.
```shell
$ kubectl apply -k .
secret/db-user-pass-dddghtt9b5 created
```
{{< note >}}
The generated Secrets name has a suffix appended by hashing the contents. This ensures that a new
Secret is generated each time the contents is modified.
{{< /note >}}
#### Decoding a Secret
Secrets can be retrieved via the `kubectl get secret` command. For example, to retrieve the secret created in the previous section:
@@ -620,8 +693,7 @@ start until all the pod's volumes are mounted.
### Use-Case: Pod with ssh keys
Create a secret containing some ssh keys:
Create a kustomization.yaml with SecretGenerator containing some ssh keys:
```shell
kubectl create secret generic ssh-key-secret --from-file=ssh-privatekey=/path/to/.ssh/id_rsa --from-file=ssh-publickey=/path/to/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
```
@@ -673,8 +745,7 @@ This example illustrates a pod which consumes a secret containing prod
credentials and another pod which consumes a secret with test environment
credentials.
Make the secrets:
Make the kustomization.yaml with SecretGenerator
```shell
kubectl create secret generic prod-db-secret --from-literal=username=produser --from-literal=password=Y4nys7f11
```
@@ -682,24 +753,10 @@ kubectl create secret generic prod-db-secret --from-literal=username=produser --
secret "prod-db-secret" created
```
```shell
kubectl create secret generic test-db-secret --from-literal=username=testuser --from-literal=password=iluvtests
```
```
secret "test-db-secret" created
```
{{< note >}}
Special characters such as `$`, `\*`, and `!` require escaping.
If the password you are using has special characters, you need to escape them using the `\\` character. For example, if your actual password is `S!B\*d$zDsb`, you should execute the command this way:
kubectl create secret generic dev-db-secret --from-literal=username=devuser --from-literal=password=S\\!B\\\*d\\$zDsb
You do not need to escape special characters in passwords from files (`--from-file`).
{{< /note >}}
Now make the pods:
```yaml
```shell
$ cat <<EOF > pod.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: List
items:
@@ -739,6 +796,21 @@ items:
- name: secret-volume
readOnly: true
mountPath: "/etc/secret-volume"
EOF
```
Add the pods to the same kustomization.yaml
```shell
$ cat <<EOF >> kustomization.yaml
resources:
- pod.yaml
EOF
```
Apply all those objects on the Apiserver by
```shell
kubectl apply --k .
```
Both containers will have the following files present on their filesystems with the values for each container's environment: