resolving conflicts
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reviewers:
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- nelvadas
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title: Limit Ranges
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content_template: templates/concept
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content_type: concept
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weight: 10
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---
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{{% capture overview %}}
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<!-- overview -->
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By default, containers run with unbounded [compute resources](/docs/user-guide/compute-resources) on a Kubernetes cluster.
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With resource quotas, cluster administrators can restrict resource consumption and creation on a {{< glossary_tooltip text="namespace" term_id="namespace" >}} basis.
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Within a namespace, a Pod or Container can consume as much CPU and memory as defined by the namespace's resource quota. There is a concern that one Pod or Container could monopolize all available resources. A LimitRange is a policy to constrain resource allocations (to Pods or Containers) in a namespace.
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<!-- body -->
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A _LimitRange_ provides constraints that can:
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@@ -26,9 +26,7 @@ A _LimitRange_ provides constraints that can:
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## Enabling LimitRange
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LimitRange support is enabled by default for many Kubernetes distributions. It is
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enabled when the apiserver `--enable-admission-plugins=` flag has `LimitRanger` admission controller as
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one of its arguments.
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LimitRange support has been enabled by default since Kubernetes 1.10.
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A LimitRange is enforced in a particular namespace when there is a
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LimitRange object in that namespace.
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@@ -56,9 +54,10 @@ there may be contention for resources. In this case, the Containers or Pods will
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Neither contention nor changes to a LimitRange will affect already created resources.
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## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
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Refer to the [LimitRanger design document](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/design-proposals/resource-management/admission_control_limit_range.md) for more information.
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@@ -72,4 +71,4 @@ For examples on using limits, see:
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- a [detailed example on configuring quota per namespace](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/quota-memory-cpu-namespace/).
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@@ -3,21 +3,21 @@ reviewers:
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- pweil-
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- tallclair
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title: Pod Security Policies
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content_template: templates/concept
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content_type: concept
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weight: 20
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---
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{{% capture overview %}}
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<!-- overview -->
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{{< feature-state state="beta" >}}
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Pod Security Policies enable fine-grained authorization of pod creation and
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updates.
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<!-- body -->
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## What is a Pod Security Policy?
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@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ administrator to control the following:
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| Usage of host networking and ports | [`hostNetwork`, `hostPorts`](#host-namespaces) |
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| Usage of volume types | [`volumes`](#volumes-and-file-systems) |
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| Usage of the host filesystem | [`allowedHostPaths`](#volumes-and-file-systems) |
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| White list of FlexVolume drivers | [`allowedFlexVolumes`](#flexvolume-drivers) |
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| Allow specific FlexVolume drivers | [`allowedFlexVolumes`](#flexvolume-drivers) |
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| Allocating an FSGroup that owns the pod's volumes | [`fsGroup`](#volumes-and-file-systems) |
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| Requiring the use of a read only root file system | [`readOnlyRootFilesystem`](#volumes-and-file-systems) |
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| The user and group IDs of the container | [`runAsUser`, `runAsGroup`, `supplementalGroups`](#users-and-groups) |
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@@ -401,13 +401,13 @@ namespace. Doing so gives the pod access to the loopback device, services
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listening on localhost, and could be used to snoop on network activity of other
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pods on the same node.
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**HostPorts** - Provides a whitelist of ranges of allowable ports in the host
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**HostPorts** - Provides a list of ranges of allowable ports in the host
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network namespace. Defined as a list of `HostPortRange`, with `min`(inclusive)
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and `max`(inclusive). Defaults to no allowed host ports.
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### Volumes and file systems
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**Volumes** - Provides a whitelist of allowed volume types. The allowable values
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**Volumes** - Provides a list of allowed volume types. The allowable values
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correspond to the volume sources that are defined when creating a volume. For
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the complete list of volume types, see [Types of
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Volumes](/docs/concepts/storage/volumes/#types-of-volumes). Additionally, `*`
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@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ minimum value of the first range as the default. Validates against all ranges.
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all ranges if `FSGroups` is set.
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- *RunAsAny* - No default provided. Allows any `fsGroup` ID to be specified.
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**AllowedHostPaths** - This specifies a whitelist of host paths that are allowed
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**AllowedHostPaths** - This specifies a list of host paths that are allowed
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to be used by hostPath volumes. An empty list means there is no restriction on
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host paths used. This is defined as a list of objects with a single `pathPrefix`
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field, which allows hostPath volumes to mount a path that begins with an
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@@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ root filesystem (i.e. no writable layer).
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### FlexVolume drivers
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This specifies a whitelist of FlexVolume drivers that are allowed to be used
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This specifies a list of FlexVolume drivers that are allowed to be used
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by flexvolume. An empty list or nil means there is no restriction on the drivers.
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Please make sure [`volumes`](#volumes-and-file-systems) field contains the
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`flexVolume` volume type; no FlexVolume driver is allowed otherwise.
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@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ the PodSecurityPolicy. For more details on Linux capabilities, see
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The following fields take a list of capabilities, specified as the capability
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name in ALL_CAPS without the `CAP_` prefix.
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**AllowedCapabilities** - Provides a whitelist of capabilities that may be added
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**AllowedCapabilities** - Provides a list of capabilities that are allowed to be added
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to a container. The default set of capabilities are implicitly allowed. The
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empty set means that no additional capabilities may be added beyond the default
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set. `*` can be used to allow all capabilities.
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@@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ specified.
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### AllowedProcMountTypes
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`allowedProcMountTypes` is a whitelist of allowed ProcMountTypes.
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`allowedProcMountTypes` is a list of allowed ProcMountTypes.
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Empty or nil indicates that only the `DefaultProcMountType` may be used.
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`DefaultProcMount` uses the container runtime defaults for readonly and masked
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@@ -631,12 +631,13 @@ By default, all safe sysctls are allowed.
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Refer to the [Sysctl documentation](
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/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/sysctl-cluster/#podsecuritypolicy).
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## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
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See [Pod Security Standards](/docs/concepts/security/pod-security-standards/) for policy recommendations.
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Refer to [Pod Security Policy Reference](/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/{{< param "version" >}}/#podsecuritypolicy-v1beta1-policy) for the api details.
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@@ -2,21 +2,21 @@
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reviewers:
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- derekwaynecarr
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title: Resource Quotas
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content_template: templates/concept
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content_type: concept
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weight: 10
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---
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{{% capture overview %}}
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<!-- overview -->
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When several users or teams share a cluster with a fixed number of nodes,
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there is a concern that one team could use more than its fair share of resources.
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Resource quotas are a tool for administrators to address this concern.
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{{% /capture %}}
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{{% capture body %}}
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<!-- body -->
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A resource quota, defined by a `ResourceQuota` object, provides constraints that limit
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aggregate resource consumption per namespace. It can limit the quantity of objects that can
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@@ -595,10 +595,11 @@ See [LimitedResources](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/36765) and
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See a [detailed example for how to use resource quota](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/quota-api-object/).
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{{% /capture %}}
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## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
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See [ResourceQuota design doc](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/design-proposals/resource-management/admission_control_resource_quota.md) for more information.
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{{% /capture %}}
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