Sync up between dev-1.18 and master branches (#19055)

* Fixed outdated ECR credential debug message (#18631)

* Fixed outdated ECR credential debug message

The log message for troubleshooting kubelet auto fetching ECR credentils issue has been changed (noticed since 1.14), and the new message reads like this when verbose log level is set to 3:

      - `aws_credentials.go:109] unable to get ECR credentials from cache, checking ECR API`
      - `aws_credentials.go:116] Got ECR credentials from ECR API for <Your ECR AWS Account ID>.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com`

This is based on the kubelet source code: 
    https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/release-1.14/pkg/credentialprovider/aws/aws_credentials.go#L91

This PR is to fix this and to avoid confusion for more people who are troubleshooting the kubelet ECR issue.

* Update content/en/docs/concepts/containers/images.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Fix deployment name in docs/tasks/administer-cluster/dns-horizontal-autoscaling.md (#18772)

* ru/docs/tutorials/hello-minikube.md: sync with English translation. (#18687)

* content/ru/docs/concepts/_index.md: use English names for kinds. (#18613)

* Fix French typo in "when" section (#18786)

* First Japanese l10n work for release-1.16 (#18790)

* Translate concepts/services-networking/connect-applications-service/ into Japanese (#17710)

* Translate concepts/services-networking/connect-applications-service/ into Japanese

* Apply review

* Translate content/ja/docs/tasks/_index.md into Japanese (#17789)

* add task index

* huge page

* ja-docs: Update kops Installation Steps (#17804)

* Update /ja/docs/tasks/tools/install-minikube/ (#17711)

* Update /ja/docs/tasks/tools/install-minikube/

* Apply review

* Apply review

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/tools/install-minikube.md

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/tools/install-minikube.md

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Translate tasks/configure-pod-container/assign-cpu-resource/ in Japanese (#16160)

* copy from content/en/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/ to ja

* translate assign-cpu-resource.md in Japanese

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/assign-cpu-resource.md

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/assign-cpu-resource.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update assign-cpu-resource.md

ここの *request* と *limit* はほかの文中の単語とは異なり、YAMLのfieldを表すため、訳さないでおく

* fix translation

"Pod scheduling is based on requests." の箇所。
requestsに基づいているのは事実だが、直訳されたときになにを指すのかあいまいなので、対象を具体的に記述

* Translate concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/ in Japanese #14848 (#17794)

* ja-trans: Translate concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/ into Japanese (#14848)

* ja-trans: Improve Japanese translation in concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/ (#14848)

* ja-trans: Improve Japanese translation in concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/ (#14848)

* ja-trans: Improve Japanese translation in concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/ (#14848)

* little fix (#18135)

* update index (#18136)

* Update /ja/docs/setup/_index.md (#18139)

* Update /ja/docs/tasks/tools/install-kubectl/ (#18137)

* update /docs/ja/tasks/tools/install-kubectl/

* fix mongon

* apply reveiw

* Update /ja/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/ (#18141)

* Update feature agete

* tidy up feature gates list

* translate new lines

* table caption

* blank

* する -> します

* apply review

* fix broken link

* Update content/ja/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* update translation

* remove line

* Update content/ja/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* rollpack

* Update /ja/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/ (#18138)

* update /ja/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/

* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/services-networking/service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/services-networking/service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/services-networking/service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/services-networking/service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* consider Endpoints as a Kubernetes resource

* full

* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/_index.md (#18145)

* Update concepts

* control plane

* apply review

* fix bold (#18165)

* Update /ja/docs/concepts/overview/components.md (#18153)

* update /ja/docs/concepts/overview/components.md

* some japanese docs are already there

* translate prepend

* apply upstream changes (#18278)

* Translate concepts/services-networking/ingress into Japanese #17741 (#18234)

* ja-trans: Translate concepts/services-networking/ingress into Japanese (#17741)

* ja-trans: Improve Japanese translation in concepts/services-networking/ingress (#17741)

* ja-trans: Improve Japanese translation in concepts/services-networking/ingress (#17741)

* Update pod overview in Japanese (#18277)

* Update pod-overview

* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* ノード

* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Translate concepts/scheduling/scheduler-perf-tuning/ in Japanese #17119 (#17796)

* ja-trans: Translate concepts/scheduling/scheduler-perf-tuning/ into Japanese (#17119)

* ja-trans: Improve Japanese translation in concepts/scheduling/scheduler-perf-tuning/ (#17119)

* ja-trans: Improve Japanese translation in concepts/scheduling/scheduler-perf-tuning/ (#17119)

* ja-trans:conetent/ja/casestudies/nav (#18450)

* Translate tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service/ in Japanese (#18395)

* Translate tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service/ in Japanese

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Change all `Pods` to `Pod` and `Endpoints` to `Endpoint`

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Updated content pointed out in review

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Apply suggestions from review

* Apply suggestions form review

* Apply suggestions from review

* Apply suggestions from review

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>
Co-authored-by: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Translate concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/custom-resources/ into Japanese (#18200)

* Translate concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/custom-resources/ into Japanese

* Apply suggestions from code review between L1 an L120 by oke-py

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Apply suggestions from code review by oke-py

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update CustomResourceDefinition not to localize into Japanese

* Revert the link to customresourcedefinitions to English

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Apply suggestions from code review by oke-py and inductor

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>
Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Apply a suggestion from review by inductor

* Apply a suggestion from code review by oke-py

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Translate tasks/configure-pod-container/quality-service-pod/ into Japanese (#16173)

* copy from content/en/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/quality-service-pod.md to Ja

* Translate tasks/configure-pod-container/quality-service-pod/ into Japanese

Guaranteed, Burstable, BestEffortは用語として存在するので訳さない

Signed-off-by: Takuma Hashimoto <takumaxd+github@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/quality-service-pod.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/quality-service-pod.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/quality-service-pod.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Update content/ja/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/quality-service-pod.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* Translate content/ja/docs/reference/kubectl/cheatsheet.md (#17739) (#18285)

* Translate content/ja/docs/reference/kubectl/cheatsheet.md (#17739)

* Translated kubectl cheet sheet.

* Fix typos in content/ja/docs/reference/kubectl/cheatsheet.md (#17739)

* Fix japanese style in content/ja/docs/reference/kubectl/cheatsheet.md

* Fix typo in content/ja/docs/reference/kubectl/cheatsheet.md

* Fix translation in content/ja/docs/reference/kubectl/cheatsheet.md

* Fix typo in content/ja/docs/reference/kubectl/cheatsheet.md

* Fix typo in content/ja/docs/reference/kubectl/cheatsheet.md

* Modify translation for casestudies (#18767)

* modify terminology

* add ten

* update translation

* update

* update

* update

* fix typo (#18769)

* remove english comment (#18770)

* ja-trans:conetent/ja/casestudies/spotify  (#18451)

* ja-trans: content/ja/case-studies/spotify

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Updated with the proposal  from inductor

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Updated with inductor 's proposal

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* ja-trans: content/ja/case-studies/spotify

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Update content/ja/case-studies/spotify/index.html

Co-Authored-By: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

Co-authored-by: inductor <kohei.ota@zozo.com>

* Translate Japanese headers (#18776)

* translate headers

* add index for references

* Update content/ja/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/_index.md

Co-Authored-By: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* translate controller

Co-authored-by: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>

* ja-docs: translate install-kubeadm into Japanese (#18198)

* ja-docs: translate install-kubeadm into Japanese

* translate table title in install-kubeadm to Japanese

* update kubeadm install doc

* remove extra spaces

* fix translation miss

* translate url title into japanese

* fix translation miss

* remove line break in sentence and translate title

* remove extra line break

* remove extra line break

* fix translation miss

Co-authored-by: Naoki Oketani <okepy.naoki@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Samuel Kihahu <kihahu@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Takuma Hashimoto <takuma-hashimoto@freee.co.jp>
Co-authored-by: Keita Akutsu <kakts.git@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Masa Taniguchi <maabou512@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Soto Sugita <sotoiwa@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Kozzy Hasebe <48105562+hasebe@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: kazuaki harada <canhel.4suti50y.salamander@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Shunsuke Miyoshi <s.miyoshi@jp.fujitsu.com>

* delete zh SEE ALSO(51-54) (#18788)

* Added missing brackets in markdown (#18783)

* Fix broken links in api_changes doc (#18743)

* fix jump (#18781)

* fix redundant note (#18780)

* Fix typo: default-manager -> default-scheduler (#18709)

like #18649 #18708

* fix issue #18738 (#18773)

Signed-off-by: Dominic Yin <yindongchao@inspur.com>

* Correct description of kubectl (#18172)

* Correct description of kubectl

Given that `kubectl` is not a [command line interface (CLI)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command-line_interface), I suggest calling it what it is -- a control utility (ctl = control). The term "tool" is commonly used in place of "utility," including the `kubectl` docs.

A CLI presents the user with a command prompt at which the user can enter multiple command lines that a command-line interpreter interprets and processes. Think of `bash`, `emacs`, or a SQL shell.  Since `kubectl` is not run in a shell, it is not a CLI.

Here are related docs that correctly refer to `kubectl` as a "command-line tool":

- https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/tools/#kubectl
- https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/glossary/?fundamental=true#term-kubectl
- https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/install-kubectl/
- https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/kubectl/

* Update content/en/docs/reference/kubectl/overview.md

Co-Authored-By: Zach Corleissen <zacharysarah@users.noreply.github.com>

Co-authored-by: Zach Corleissen <zacharysarah@users.noreply.github.com>

* Add blog post: Reviewing 2019 in Docs (#18662)

Tiny fix

Feedback from onlydole

Add missing link

Incremental fixes

Revise Jim's job title

Update content/en/blog/_posts/2020-01-17-Docs-Review-2019.md

Co-Authored-By: Celeste Horgan <celeste@cncf.io>

Feedback from celeste, change date

* Update OWNERS_ALIASES (#18803)

* Create Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md (#16869)

* Create Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-authored-by: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* blog: introduce CSI support for ephemeral inline volumes (#16832)

* csi-ephemeral-inline-volumes: introduce CSI support for ephemeral inline volumes

This was alpha in Kubernetes 1.15 and became beta in 1.16. Several CSI
drivers already support it (soon...).

* csi-ephemeral-inline-volumes: bump date and address feedback (NodeUnpublishVolume)

* csi-ephemeral-inline-volumes: add examples and next steps

* csi-ephemeral-inline-volumes: rename file, minor edits

* csi-ephemeral-inline-volumes: include Docker example

* Create 2019-12-10-Gamified-Chaos-Engineering-Tool-for-Kubernetes.md (#18062)

* Create 2019-12-10-Gamified-Chaos-Engineering-Tool-for-Kubernetes.md

* Update and rename 2019-12-10-Gamified-Chaos-Engineering-Tool-for-Kubernetes.md to 2019-01-16-Gamified-Chaos-Engineering-Tool-for-Kubernetes.md

* Update 2019-01-16-Gamified-Chaos-Engineering-Tool-for-Kubernetes.md

* Update and rename 2019-01-16-Gamified-Chaos-Engineering-Tool-for-Kubernetes.md to 2019-01-22-Gamified-Chaos-Engineering-Tool-for-Kubernetes.md

Co-authored-by: Kaitlyn Barnard <kaitlynbarnard10@gmail.com>

* Revert "Create Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md (#16869)" (#18805)

This reverts commit 2c4545e105.

* add blog k8s on mips (#18795)

* add blog k8s on mips

* modify english title to chinese

* modify some error

* Remove user-journeys legacy content #18615 (#18779)

* Use monospace for HostFolder and VM in the French Minikube setup guide. (#18749)

* Add French version of persistent volume page concept page (#18706)

* Add French version of persistent volume page concept page

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* sync content/zh/docs/reference/issues-security/ en zh (#18727)

* update zh-translation: /docs/concepts/storage/volume-snapshots.md (#18650)

* Clean up user journeys content for zh (#18815)

* Followup fixes for: Add resource version section to api-concepts (#18069)

* Followup fixes for: Add resource version section to api-concepts documentation

* Apply feedback

* Apply feedback

* Switch paragraph to active voice

* Add Community and Code of Conduct for ID (#18828)

* Add additional ways to contribute part to update zh doc (#18762)

* Add additional ways to contribute part to update zh doc

* Add original English text

* Update content/zh/docs/contribute/_index.md

Co-Authored-By: chentanjun <tanjunchen20@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: chentanjun <tanjunchen20@gmail.com>

* Clean up extensions/v1beta1 in docs (#18839)

* fix an example path (#18848)

* Translating network plugins (#17184)

* Fix for a typo (#18822)

* tą instalację -> tę instalację / (https://sjp.pwn.pl/poradnia/haslo/te-czy-ta;1598.html) (#18801)

* Fix typo in Scalability section (#18866)

The phrase `very larger` is not valid, it is supposed to be either `very
large` or `larger`. Propose to have it `very large`.

Signed-off-by: Mariyan Dimitrov <mariyan.dimitrov@gmail.com>

* Add Polish translation of Contribute index page (#18775)

Co-Authored-By: Michał Sochoń <kaszpir@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: Michał Sochoń <kaszpir@gmail.com>

* Clean up extensions/v1beta1 in docs (#18838)

* Add Indonesian Manage Compute Resources page (#18468)

* Add Indonesian Manage Compute Resources page

* Updates to id Manage Compute Resources page

* Add DaemonSet docs ID localization (#18632)

Signed-off-by: giovanism <giovanism@outlook.co.id>

* Fix typo in en/docs/contribute/style/content-guilde.md (#18862)

* partial fix for SEE ALSO section under content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/ need to be deleted #18411 (#18875)

* See Also removed file 31

* see also removed file 32

* see also removed file 33

* see also removed file 34

* see also removed file 35

* Modify pod.md (#18818)

website/content/ko/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod.md
23 line
쿠버네티스는는 -> 쿠버네티스는
modify

* remove $ following the style guide (#18855)

* Add Hyperlink to Kubernetes API (#18852)

* Drive by copy edit of blog post (#18881)

* Medium copy edit.

* more fixes

* Translate Events Calendar (#18860)

* Adding Bahasa Indonesia translation for Device Plugin page #18676 (#18676)

Co-Authored-By: Gede Wahyu Adi Pramana <tokekbesi@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: Gede Wahyu Adi Pramana <tokekbesi@gmail.com>

* change escaped chars to markdown (#18858)

Helps to keep doc clean for long term

* Fix header layout on Safari (#18888)

* Fix references to sig-docs-l10n-admins (#18661)

* Add French deployment concept page (#18516)

* Add French deployment concept page

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Update content/fr/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Update content/fr/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Update content/fr/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Update content/fr/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Update content/fr/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Fix ZH security aliases (#18895)

* disable simplytunde as an approver due to inactivity. (#18899)

Always welcome to come back if able to become active
again

Signed-off-by: Brad Topol <btopol@us.ibm.com>

* install container runtimes without prompts (#18893)

In Kubernetes docs, all of the packages that are required to set up the
Kubernetes are installed without requiring any prompts through
the package manager (like apt or yum) except for the container runtimes.

https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/production-environment/container-runtimes/

So, it would be better to have these installations with prompts (yes) disabled.

* Fix small typos (#18886)

* Fix small typos

Small typos noticed and fixed in:

- configure-upgrade-etcd.md

- reconfigure-kubelet.md

Signed-off-by: Mariyan Dimitrov <mariyan.dimitrov@gmail.com>

* Rephrase a paragraph on etcd upgrade

en\docs\tasks\administer-cluster\configure-upgrade-etcd.md

Following a suggestion in #18886, I've rephrased a sentence on etcd
upgrade prerequisites.

Signed-off-by: Mariyan Dimitrov <mariyan.dimitrov@gmail.com>

* Clean up extensions/v1beta1 in docs (#18841)

* Update _index.md (#18825)

* Run minikube docker-env in a shell-independent way (#18823)

* doc: correct pv status for pv protection example. (#18816)

* Small editorial fixes in glossary entries (#18807)

* Small editorial fixes in glossary entries

* Revert the wording in the glossary term for proxy

* fix doc conflict regarding postStart (#18806)

* kubeadm: improvements to the cert management documentation (#18397)

- move the sections about custom certificates and external CA
to the kubeadm-certs page
- minor cleanups to the kubeadm-certs page, including updated output
for the check-expiration command
- link the implementation details page to the new locations
for custom certs and external CA

* fix doc conflict regarding postStart

* Grammar (#18785)

* grammar: 'to' distributes over 'or'

* grammar: reword

per app.grammarly.com

* grammar: simplify

from app.grammarly.com

* spelling: etc.

* feat: add ephermeral container approach inside pod debug page. (#18754)

* doc: add pod security policy reference link to document. (#18729)

* doc: add pod security policy reference link to document.

* doc: add what's next for pod-security-policy ref.

* Revise version requirements (#18688)

Assume that the reader is running a version of Kubernetes that supports
the Secret resource.

* en: Remove kubectl duplicate example (#18656)

With #16974 and the removal of --include-uninitialized flag, the
second
    and third examples of kubectl delete become equal, thus leading to
    duplication and being confusing. Suggest to remove the duplicate and
    replace it with another example in the future if needed.

    Observed in v1.16 and v1.17 documentation.

    Signed-off-by: Mariyan Dimitrov <mariyan.dimitrov@gmail.com>

* Fix typo for tasks/access-kubernetes-api/configure-aggregation-layer.md (#18652)

* Unify runtime references (#18493)

- Use the glossary to correctly reference runtimes
- Updated runtime class documentation for CRI-O
- Removed rktlet from runtimes since its EOL

Signed-off-by: Sascha Grunert <sgrunert@suse.com>

* Clean up admission controller deprecation example (#18399)

* sync zh-trans content/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/ephemeral-containers.md (#18883)

* Remove redundant information when deploy flannel on kubernetes include windows node (#18272)

* sync zh-trans content/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview.md (#18882)

* partial fix for for SEE ALSO section under content/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/generated/ need to be deleted (#18879)

* see also removed from file 36

* see also removed from file 37

* see also removed from file 38

* see also removed from file 39

* see also removed from file 40

* update zh content/zh/docs/contribute/style/write-new-topic.md (#18859)

* sync zh-trans /docs/concepts/_index.md and /docs/concepts/example-concept-template.md (#18863)

* See also removed file 56 & 57 (#18912)

* see also removed file 56

* see also removed file 57

* Third Korean L10n Work For Release 1.17 (#18915)

* Changed some words in the IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack korean doc. (#18668)

* Update to Outdated files in dev-1.17-ko.3 branch. (#18580)

* Translate content/ko/docs/concepts/services-networking/service in Korean (#18195)

* Translate docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/port-forward-access-application-cluster.md in Korean (#18721)

* Translate controllers/garbage-collection.md in Korean. (#18595)

Co-Authored-by: Seokho Son <shsongist@gmail.com>
Co-Authored-by: Lawrence Kay <lkay9495@hotmail.com>
Co-Authored-by: Jesang Myung <jesang.myung@gmail.com>
Co-Authored-by: Claudia J.Kang <claudiajkang@gmail.com>
Co-Authored-by: Yuk, Yongsu <ysyukr@gmail.com>
Co-Authored-By: June Yi <june.yi@samsung.com>

Co-authored-by: Yuk, Yongsu <ysyukr@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Seokho Son <shsongist@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Lawrence Kay <me@lkaybob.pe.kr>
Co-authored-by: Jesang Myung <jesang.myung@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: June Yi <june.yi@samsung.com>

* clean up makefile, config (#18517)

Added target for createversiondirs (shell script) in Makefile.

updates for tagged release

regenerate api ref, rm Makefile_temp

add parens to pip check

* Improve Russian translation of Home page (#17841)

* Improve Russian translation of Home page

* Update i18n/ru.toml

Co-Authored-By: Slava Semushin <slava.semushin@gmail.com>

* Update content/ru/_index.html

Co-Authored-By: Slava Semushin <slava.semushin@gmail.com>

* Update content/ru/_index.html

Co-Authored-By: Slava Semushin <slava.semushin@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: Slava Semushin <slava.semushin@gmail.com>

* update ref link for v1.16 (#18837)

Related to issue #18820.

remove links to prev API refs

* Cleanup user journeys related configs and scripts (#18814)

* See also removed file 81 to 85 (#18909)

* see also removed file 81

* see also removed file 82

* see also removed file 83

* see also removed file 84

* see also removed file 85

* See also removed file 65 to 70 (#18908)

* see also removed file 65

* see also removed file 66

* see also removed file 67

* see also removed file 68

* see also removed file 69

* see also removed file 70

* Translate Task index page into Polish (#18876)

Co-Authored-By: Karol Pucyński <kpucynski@gmail.com>
Co-Authored-By: Michał Sochoń <kaszpir@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: Karol Pucyński <9209870+kpucynski@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Michał Sochoń <kaszpir@gmail.com>

* Document dry-run authorization requirements (#18235)

* Document dry-run write access requirement.

- Add section on dry-run authorization
- Refer to dry-run authorization for diff
- Consistently hyphenate dry-run

* Update content/en/docs/reference/using-api/api-concepts.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* reword storage release note to match the change in k/k PR #87090 (#18921)

* sync zh-trans content/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/ttlafterfinished.md (#18868)

* See also removed file 60 to 63 (#18907)

* see also removed file 60

* see also removed file 61

* see also removed file 62

* see also removed file 63

* See also removed file 91 to 95 (#18910)

* see also removed file 91

* see also removed file 93

* see also removed file 94

* see also removed file 95

* content/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/podpreset.md (#18870)

* fix: fixed eating initial 2 spaces inside code. (#18914)

* Update Calico section of kubeadm install guide (#18821)

* Update Calico section of kubeadm install guide

* Address review feedback

* See also removed file 96 to 100 (#18911)

* see also removed file 96

* see also removed file 97

* see also removed file 98

* see also removed file 99

* see also removed file 100

* repair zh docs in kubeadm (#18949)

* repair zh docs about kubeadm (#18950)

* Update apparmor.md (#18951)

* Update basic-stateful-set.md (#18952)

* Add missing hyperlink for pod-overhead (#18936)

* Update service.md (#18480)

make article reads more smoothly

* zh-trans update content/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deploy… (#18657)

* zh-trans update content/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment.md

* zh-trans update content\zh\docs\concepts\workloads\controllers\deployment.md

* Update source-ip documentation (#18760)

* sync zh-trans /docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod.md (#18880)

* sync zh-trans /docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/cron-jobs.md and /docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/daemonset.md (#18864)

* sync zh-trans content/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/ttlafterfinished.md (#18867)

* Add a French version of Secret concept page (#18604)

* Add a French version of Secret concept page

* Fix

* Fix

* Update content/fr/docs/concepts/configuration/secret.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Fix

* Update content/fr/docs/concepts/configuration/secret.md

Co-Authored-By: Aurélien Perrier <aperrier@universe.sh>

* Fix

Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>
Co-authored-by: Aurélien Perrier <aperrier@universe.sh>

* (refactor): Corrections (grammatical) in service.md file (#18944)

* Update service.md

* Fixed the invaild changes

Signed-off-by: Udit Gaurav <uditgaurav@gmail.com>

* Update container-runtimes.md (#18608)

for debian install of docker, also install gnupg2 for apt-key add to work

* Fix that dual-stack does not require Kubenet specifically (#18924)

* Fix that dual-stack does not require Kubenet specifically

Rather it requires a network plugin that supports dual-stack, and
others are available, including Calico.

* Update content/en/docs/tasks/network/validate-dual-stack.md

Added link to doc about network plugins

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Revert "Configurable Scaling for the HPA (#18157)" (#18963)

This reverts commit 5dbfaafe1a.

* Update horizontal-pod-autoscale-walkthrough.md (#18960)

Update command for creating php-apache deployment due to the following warning: `kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl run --generator=run-pod/v1 or kubectl create instead.`

* doc: add link for type=LoadBalancer service in tutorial. (#18916)

* Typo fix (#18830)

* sync zh-trans content/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/statefulset.md (#18869)

* Revise pull request template (#18744)

* Revise pull request template

* Reference compiled docs in PR template

Refer readers to https://k8s.io/contribute/start/

This keeps the template short, and it lets Hugo use templating for
the current version.

* Update certificates.md (#18970)

* Add web-ui-dashboard to French (#17974)

* Add web-ui-dashboard to French

* Update content/fr/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/web-ui-dashboard.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Update content/fr/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/web-ui-dashboard.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Update content/fr/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/web-ui-dashboard.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Added a translated code of conduct (#18981)

* Added a translated code of conduct

* fixed some minor mistakes and capitalization

* Moved to informal speech

* Translate the contribute advanced page to French (#13425)

* Translate the contribute advanced page to French

* Corrections

* Correction

* Correction

* Correction

* Correction

* Correction

* Fix typo in hello-minikube.md (#18991)

* Add note for LB behaviour for cordoned nodes. (#18784)

* Add note for LB behaviour for cordoned nodes.

See also https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/65013
This is a reasonably common pitfall: `kubectl cordon <all nodes>` will also drop all LB traffic to the cluster, but this is not documented anywhere but in issues, when found it is usually already too late.

* Update with feedback

* Add KIND as the options for spinning up a test kubernetes environment (#17860)

* fix typo in /ja/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/init-containers (#18997)

* hide some original comments in translate docs (#18986)

* hide original comment

* hide some original comments

* Fix code of conduct title (#19006)

* Added a note about built-in priority-classes (#18979)

* Added a note about build-in priority-classes

* Update content/en/docs/concepts/configuration/pod-priority-preemption.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Add description for TTL (#19001)

* Fix whitespace on deployment page (#18990)

* Add details to the API deprecations blog post (#19014)

* Document list/map/structType and listMapKeys (#18977)

These markers where introduced to describe topology of lists, maps,
structs - primarily in support of server-side apply.

Secondarily, a small typo fix:)

* Remove "Unschedulable" pod condition type from the pod lifecycle docs (#18956)

The pod lifecycle documentation erroneously indicated `Unschedulable` as a possible `type` of pod condition. That's not true. Only four condition types exist. The `Unschedulable` value is not a type, but one of the possible reasons of the `PodScheduled` condition type.

* Revise “Encrypting Secret Data at Rest” (#18810)

* Drop reference to old Kubernetes versions

At the time of writing, Kubernetes v1.13 is the oldest supported
version, and encryption-at-rest is no longer alpha.

* Tidy whitespace

* Add table caption

* Set metadata for required Kubernetes version

* maintain the current relative path when switching to other site versions (#18871)

* Update kubectl create configmap section (#18885)

* Add common examples to Service Topology documentation (#18712)

* service topology: add missing 'enabling service topology' page

Signed-off-by: Andrew Sy Kim <kiman@vmware.com>

* service topology: add common examples

Signed-off-by: Andrew Sy Kim <kiman@vmware.com>

* updating contrib for ref docs (#18787)

more cleanup

* fix translate docs format (#19018)

* Update nodes.md (#19019)

* Translate Contribute index page into Russian (#19022)

* Added german translation for Addons page (#19010)

* Added german translation for Addons page

* Smaller adjustments

* removed a english leftover-sentence
* consistent spelling of "Add-Ons"

* Removed english entry for CoreDNS

* Update content/de/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons.md

Co-Authored-By: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* Translated a heading

Co-authored-by: Tim Bannister <tim@scalefactory.com>

* (fix) Removed `-n test` from `kubectl get pv` command (#18877)

- PV are cluster scoped rather than namespaced scope
    - So, there is no need to list it by namespace

Signed-off-by: Aman Gupta <aman.gupta@mayadata.io>

* Link to setup page about Kind (#18996)

Link from /docs/setup/ to /docs/setup/learning-environment/kind/ now
that the target page exists.

* Create Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md (#18808)

* Create Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Taylor Dolezal <onlydole@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

Co-Authored-By: Bob Killen <killen.bob@gmail.com>

* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update content/en/blog/_posts/Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Update Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

* Update and rename Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md to 2020-02-07-Deploying-External-OpenStack-Cloud-Provider-With-Kubeadm.md

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* Revise glossary entry for Device Plugin (#16291)

* Document control plane monitoring (#17578)

* Document control plane monitoring

* Update content/en/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/monitoring.md

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* Update content/en/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/monitoring.md

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* Merge controller-metrics.md into monitoring.md

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* Document none driver compatibility with non docker runtime. (#17952)

* Refined unclear sentence on 3rd party dependencies (#18015)

* Refined unclear sentence on 3rd party dependencies

I reworded the sentence on third party dependencies a bit in order to make it more sound

* Update content/en/docs/concepts/security/overview.md

Sounds much better

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* Improve network policies concept (#18091)

* Adopt website style guidelines

* Tweak wording

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* Make sample NetworkPolicies downloadable

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* clean up secret generators (#18320)

* Use built-in version check & metadata (#18542)

* Reword kubelet live reconfiguration task (#18629)

- Revise version requirements
- Use glossary tooltips in summary
- Use sentence case for headings
- Write kubelet in lowercase where appropriate
- Add “What's next” section

* fix: add dns search record limit note. (#18913)

* Remove duplicate content: Roles & Responsibilities (#18920)

* Remove duplicate content: Roles & Responsibilities

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Address feedback

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* Apply suggestions from review

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* Link to contribution guidelines

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* Address PR feedback

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* Fix of pull request #18960 (#18974)

* Fix of pull request #18960

* Add yaml configuration file snippets

* Remove redundant code snippet for  command

* Update cheatsheet.md (#18975)

* Update cheatsheet.md

"List all pods in the namespace, with more details" command corrected by adding --all-namespaces

* Update content/en/docs/reference/kubectl/cheatsheet.md

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* Correct description of Knitter CNI plugin (#18983)

* Add Elastic metricbeat to examples of DaemonSets and rename logstash (#19024)

* Add Elastic metricbeat to examples of DaemonSets

The URL points to the docs related to how to configure metricbeat on k8s

* Filebeat is the next thing

* Separated commands from output (#19023)

* Update KubeCon URLs (#19027)

The URLs had changed (and were being redirected). Also, added parameters to better identify the traffic source.

* remove see also and close issue (#19032)

* sync zh-trans content/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/garbage-collection.md (#18865)

* zh trans /docs/reference/access-authn-authz/extensible-admission-controllers.md (#18856)

* Update zh/docs/concepts/services-networking/dns-pod-service.md#pods (#18992)

* Adding contribution best practice in contribute docs (#18059)

* Add kubectl patch example with quotes on Windows (#18853)

* Add kubectl patch example with quotes on Windows

When running the `kubectl patch` example, on Windows systems you get an
error when passing the patch request in single quotes. Passing it in
double quotes with the inner ones escaped produced the desired behavior
as is in the example given for Linux systems. I've added a small note
for Windows users to have that in mind.

Signed-off-by: Mariyan Dimitrov <mariyan.dimitrov@gmail.com>

* Use Hugo note shortcode

Windows note is placed inside a
[shortcode](https://kubernetes.io/docs/contribute/style/style-guide/#shortcodes)
to be consistent with the style guide.

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* Remove shell Markdown syntax

I've removed the shell syntax from the Windows example and have changed
the description to be the same as the one used in
[jsonpath](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/jsonpath/)
document to be more consistent. The jsonpath example uses cmd syntax,
though it is note inside a note shortcode, therefore I've opted out of
using any syntax as it seems to break rendering inside the shortcode.

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* Add cmd markdown syntax and fix order list

I've tested this locally with `make docker-serve` on my Linux machine
and finally things are looking better, I've managed to address these two
issues:

- the Windows example is now inside `note` shortcode and also the cmd
syntax renders correctly on the page

- the list of steps broke after the first one, I've indented a paragraph
and now the steps are in the expected order

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* Remove command prompt from example

According to the [style guide](https://kubernetes.io/docs/contribute/style/style-guide/#don-t-include-the-command-prompt), the command prompt should not be included when showing an example. This commit removes it for consistency with the style guide.

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* cleanup /docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/ (#19009)

* update nodes.md (#18987)

将“用量低”更改为“可用量低”,避免歧义

* Remove command prompt from Windows example (#18906)

* Remove command prompt from Windows example

According to the [style
guide](https://kubernetes.io/docs/contribute/style/style-guide/#don-t-include-the-command-prompt),
the command prompt should not be included in the examples. Removing the
Windows command prompt from the jsonpath example.

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* Put Windows example inside note shortcode

I'm putting the Windows example in a Hug note shortcode to be consistent
with the rest of the documentation.

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* Updated CHANGELOG-11 link (#19036)

* update command used to create deployment (#19005)

The previous one was showing a deprecation warning when used.

* Update Korean localization guide (#19004)

rev1-Update Korean localization guide

* docs: fix broken etcd's official documents link (#19021)

* Update automated-tasks-with-cron-jobs.md (#19043)

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This commit is contained in:
Vineeth Pothulapati
2020-02-11 04:15:53 +05:30
committed by GitHub
parent fb1c0e8b77
commit 63f30b086a
313 changed files with 18391 additions and 6502 deletions
@@ -1,4 +1,11 @@
---
title: CronJob
content_template: templates/concept
weight: 80
---
<!--
---
reviewers:
- erictune
- soltysh
@@ -7,9 +14,12 @@ title: CronJob
content_template: templates/concept
weight: 80
---
-->
{{% capture overview %}}
{{< feature-state for_k8s_version="v1.8" state="beta" >}}
<!--
A _Cron Job_ creates [Jobs](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/jobs-run-to-completion/) on a time-based schedule.
@@ -19,18 +29,30 @@ on a given schedule, written in [Cron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cron) forma
_Cron Job_ 创建基于时间调度的 [Jobs](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/jobs-run-to-completion/)。
一个 CronJob 对象就像 _crontab_ (cron table) 文件中的一行。它用 [Cron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cron) 格式进行编写,并周期性在给定的调度时间执行 Job。
一个 CronJob 对象就像 _crontab_ (cron table) 文件中的一行。它用 [Cron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cron) 格式进行编写,并周期性在给定的调度时间执行 Job。
<!--
All **CronJob** `schedule:` times are based on the timezone of the master where the job is initiated.
-->
{{< note >}}
<!--All **CronJob** `schedule:` times are denoted in UTC.-->
所有 **CronJob**`schedule:` 时间都是用 UTC 表示。
所有 **CronJob** `schedule:` 时间都是基于初始 Job 的主控节点的时区。
{{< /note >}}
<!--
When creating the manifest for a CronJob resource, make sure the name you provide
is no longer than 52 characters. This is because the CronJob controller will automatically
append 11 characters to the job name provided and there is a constraint that the
maximum length of a Job name is no more than 63 characters.
-->
为 CronJob 资源创建清单时,请确保创建的名称不超过 52 个字符。这是因为 CronJob 控制器将自动在提供的作业名称后附加 11 个字符,并且存在一个限制,即作业名称的最大长度不能超过 63 个字符。
<!--
For instructions on creating and working with cron jobs, and for an example of a spec file for a cron job, see [Running automated tasks with cron jobs](/docs/tasks/job/automated-tasks-with-cron-jobs).
-->
有关创建和使用 CronJob 的说明及规范文件的示例,请参见 [使用 CronJob 运行自动任务](/docs/tasks/job/automated-tasks-with-cron-jobs)。
有关创建和使用 CronJob 的说明及规范文件的示例,请参见[使用 CronJob 运行自动任务](/docs/tasks/job/automated-tasks-with-cron-jobs)。
{{% /capture %}}
@@ -61,21 +83,20 @@ at least once.
如果 `startingDeadlineSeconds` 设置为很大的数值或未设置(默认),并且 `concurrencyPolicy` 设置为 `Allow`,则作业将始终至少运行一次。
<!--
For every CronJob, the CronJob controller checks how many schedules it missed in the duration from its last scheduled time until now. If there are more than 100 missed schedules, then it does not start the job and logs the error
For every CronJob, the CronJob {{< glossary_tooltip term_id="controller" >}} checks how many schedules it missed in the duration from its last scheduled time until now. If there are more than 100 missed schedules, then it does not start the job and logs the error
-->
对于每个 CronJobCronJob 控制器检查从上一次调度的时间点到现在所错过了调度次数。如果错过的调度次数超过 100 次,那么它就不会启动这个任务,并记录这个错误:
对于每个 CronJobCronJob {{< glossary_tooltip term_text="控制器" term_id="controller" >}} 检查从上一次调度的时间点到现在所错过了调度次数。如果错过的调度次数超过 100 次,那么它就不会启动这个任务,并记录这个错误:
````
Cannot determine if job needs to be started. Too many missed start time (> 100). Set or decrease .spec.startingDeadlineSeconds or check clock skew.
````
<!--
It is important to note that if the `startingDeadlineSeconds` field is set (not `nil`), the controller counts how many missed jobs occurred from the value of `startingDeadlineSeconds` until now rather than from the last scheduled time until now. For example, if `startingDeadlineSeconds` is `200`, the controller counts how many missed jobs occurred in the last 200 seconds.
-->
需要注意的是,如果设置 `startingDeadlineSeconds` 字段非空,则控制器会统计从 `startingDeadlineSeconds` 的值到现在而不是从上一个计划时间到现在错过了多少次 Job。例如,如果 `startingDeadlineSeconds` 是 `200`,则控制器会统计在过去 200 秒中错过了多少次 Job。
需要注意的是,如果 `startingDeadlineSeconds` 字段非空,则控制器会统计从 `startingDeadlineSeconds` 设置的值到现在而不是从上一个计划时间到现在错过了多少次 Job。例如,如果 `startingDeadlineSeconds` 是 `200`,则控制器会统计在过去 200 秒中错过了多少次 Job。
<!--
A CronJob is counted as missed if it has failed to be created at its scheduled time. For example, If `concurrencyPolicy` is set to `Forbid` and a CronJob was attempted to be scheduled when there was a previous schedule still running, then it would count as missed.
@@ -84,163 +105,26 @@ A CronJob is counted as missed if it has failed to be created at its scheduled t
如果未能在调度时间内创建 CronJob,则计为错过。例如,如果 `concurrencyPolicy` 被设置为 `Forbid`,并且当前有一个调度仍在运行的情况下,试图调度的 CronJob 将被计算为错过。
<!--
For example, suppose a cron job is set to start at exactly `08:30:00` and its
`startingDeadlineSeconds` is set to 10, if the CronJob controller happens to
be down from `08:29:00` to `08:42:00`, the job will not start.
Set a longer `startingDeadlineSeconds` if starting later is better than not
starting at all.
For example, suppose a CronJob is set to schedule a new Job every one minute beginning at `08:30:00`, and its
`startingDeadlineSeconds` field is not set. If the CronJob controller happens to
be down from `08:29:00` to `10:21:00`, the job will not start as the number of missed jobs which missed their schedule is greater than 100.
-->
例如,假设一个 CronJob 被设置为`08:30:00` 准时开始,它的 `startingDeadlineSeconds` 属性被设置为10,如果在`08:29:00` 时将 CronJob 控制器的时间改为 `08:42:00`Job 将不会启动。
例如,假设一个 CronJob 被设置为 `08:30:00` 准时开始,它的 `startingDeadlineSeconds` 字段被设置为 10,如果在 `08:29:00` 时将 CronJob 控制器的时间改为 `08:42:00`Job 将不会启动。
如果觉得晚些开始比没有启动好,那请设置一个较长的 `startingDeadlineSeconds`。
<!--
The Cronjob is only responsible for creating Jobs that match its schedule, and
To illustrate this concept further, suppose a CronJob is set to schedule a new Job every one minute beginning at `08:30:00`, and its
`startingDeadlineSeconds` is set to 200 seconds. If the CronJob controller happens to
be down for the same period as the previous example (`08:29:00` to `10:21:00`,) the Job will still start at 10:22:00. This happens as the controller now checks how many missed schedules happened in the last 200 seconds (ie, 3 missed schedules), rather than from the last scheduled time until now.
-->
为了进一步阐述这个概念,假设将 CronJob 设置为从 `08:30:00` 开始每隔一分钟创建一个新的 Job,并将其 `startingDeadlineSeconds` 字段设置为 200 秒。 如果 CronJob 控制器恰好在与上一个示例相同的时间段(`08:29:00` 到 `10:21:00`)停机,则 Job 仍将从 `10:22:00` 开始。造成这种情况的原因是控制器现在检查在最近 200 秒(即 3 个错过的调度)中发生了多少次错过的 Job 调度,而不是从现在为止的最后一个调度时间开始。
<!--
The CronJob is only responsible for creating Jobs that match its schedule, and
the Job in turn is responsible for the management of the Pods it represents.
-->
CronJob 仅负责创建与其调度时间相匹配的 Job,而 Job 又负责管理其代表的 Pod。
CronJob 只负责创建与其时间表相匹配的 Job,相应的 Job 又会负责管理它所代表的Pod。
创建该 Cron Job 之后,通过如下命令获取它的状态信息:
```shell
$ kubectl get cronjob hello
NAME SCHEDULE SUSPEND ACTIVE LAST-SCHEDULE
hello */1 * * * * False 0 <none>
```
如上所示,既没有 active 的 Job,也没有被调度的 Job。
等待并观察创建的 Job,大约一分钟时间:
```shell
$ kubectl get jobs --watch
NAME DESIRED SUCCESSFUL AGE
hello-4111706356 1 1 2s
```
现在能看到一个名称为 hello 的 Job 在运行。我们可以停止观察,并再次获取该 Job 的状态信息:
```shell
$ kubectl get cronjob hello
NAME SCHEDULE SUSPEND ACTIVE LAST-SCHEDULE
hello */1 * * * * False 0 Mon, 29 Aug 2016 14:34:00 -0700
```
应该能够看到名称为 “hello” 的 Job 在 `LAST-SCHEDULE` 指定的时间点被调度了。当前存在 0 个活跃(Active)的 Job,说明该 Job 已经被调度运行完成或失败。
现在,找到最近一次被调度的 Job 创建的 Pod,能够看到其中一个 Pod 的标准输出。注意,Job 名称和 Pod 名称是不一样的。
```shell
# Replace "hello-4111706356" with the job name in your system
$ pods=$(kubectl get pods --selector=job-name=hello-4111706356 --output=jsonpath={.items..metadata.name})
$ echo $pods
hello-4111706356-o9qcm
$ kubectl logs $pods
Mon Aug 29 21:34:09 UTC 2016
Hello from the Kubernetes cluster
```
## 删除 Cron Job
一旦不再需要 Cron Job,简单地可以使用 `kubectl` 命令删除它:
```shell
$ kubectl delete cronjob hello
cronjob "hello" deleted
```
这将会终止正在创建的 Job。然而,运行中的 Job 将不会被终止,不会删除 Job 或 它们的 Pod。为了清理那些 Job 和 Pod,需要列出该 Cron Job 创建的全部 Job,然后删除它们:
```shell
$ kubectl get jobs
NAME DESIRED SUCCESSFUL AGE
hello-1201907962 1 1 11m
hello-1202039034 1 1 8m
...
$ kubectl delete jobs hello-1201907962 hello-1202039034 ...
job "hello-1201907962" deleted
job "hello-1202039034" deleted
...
```
一旦 Job 被删除,由 Job 创建的 Pod 也会被删除。注意,所有由名称为 “hello” 的 Cron Job 创建的 Job 会以前缀字符串 “hello-” 进行命名。如果想要删除当前 Namespace 中的所有 Job,可以通过命令 `kubectl delete jobs --all` 立刻删除它们。
## Cron Job 限制
Cron Job 在每次调度运行时间内 _大概_ 会创建一个 Job 对象。我们之所以说 _大概_ ,是因为在特定的环境下可能会创建两个 Job,或者一个 Job 都没创建。我们尝试少发生这种情况,但却不能完全避免。因此,创建 Job 操作应该是 _幂等的_。
Job 根据它所创建的 Pod 的并行度,负责重试创建 Pod,并就决定这一组 Pod 的成功或失败。Cron Job 根本不会去检查 Pod。
## 编写 Cron Job 规约
和其它 Kubernetes 配置一样,Cron Job 需要 `apiVersion`、 `kind`、和 `metadata` 这三个字段。
关于如何实现一个配置文件的更新信息,参考文档 [部署应用](/docs/user-guide/deploying-applications)、
[配置容器](/docs/user-guide/configuring-containers) 和
[使用 kubectl 管理资源](/docs/user-guide/working-with-resources)。
Cron Job 也需要 [`.spec` 段](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#spec-and-status)。
**注意:** 对一个 Cron Job 的所有修改,尤其是对其 `.spec` 的修改,仅会在下一次运行的时候生效。
### 调度
`.spec.schedule` 是 `.spec` 中必需的字段,它的值是 [Cron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cron) 格式字的符串,例如:`0 * * * *`,或者 `@hourly`,根据指定的调度时间 Job 会被创建和执行。
### Job 模板
`.spec.jobTemplate` 是另一个 `.spec` 中必需的字段。它是 Job 的模板。
除了它可以是嵌套的,并且不具有 `apiVersion` 或 `kind` 字段之外,它和 [Job](/docs/concepts/jobs/run-to-completion-finite-workloads/) 一样具有完全相同的模式(schema)。
参考 [编写 Job 规格](/docs/concepts/jobs/run-to-completion-finite-workloads/#writing-a-job-spec)。
### 启动 Job 的期限(秒级别)
`.spec.startingDeadlineSeconds` 字段是可选的。它表示启动 Job 的期限(秒级别),如果因为任何原因而错过了被调度的时间,那么错过执行时间的 Job 将被认为是失败的。如果没有指定,则没有期限。
### 并发策略
`.spec.concurrencyPolicy` 字段也是可选的。它指定了如何处理被 Cron Job 创建的 Job 的并发执行。只允许指定下面策略中的一种:
* `Allow`(默认):允许并发运行 Job
* `Forbid`:禁止并发运行,如果前一个还没有完成,则直接跳过下一个
* `Replace`:取消当前正在运行的 Job,用一个新的来替换
注意,当前策略只能应用于同一个 Cron Job 创建的 Job。如果存在多个 Cron Job,它们创建的 Job 之间总是允许并发运行。
### 挂起
`.spec.suspend` 字段也是可选的。如果设置为 `true`,后续所有执行都将被挂起。它对已经开始执行的 Job 不起作用。默认值为 `false`。
### Job 历史限制
`.spec.successfulJobsHistoryLimit` 和 `.spec.failedJobsHistoryLimit` 这两个字段是可选的。它们指定了可以保留完成和失败 Job 数量的限制。
默认没有限制,所有成功和失败的 Job 都会被保留。然而,当运行一个 Cron Job 时,很快就会堆积很多 Job,推荐设置这两个字段的值。设置限制值为 `0`,相关类型的 Job 完成后将不会被保留。
{{% /capture %}}
@@ -1,10 +1,4 @@
---
reviewers:
- enisoc
- erictune
- foxish
- janetkuo
- kow3ns
title: DaemonSet
content_template: templates/concept
weight: 50
@@ -39,13 +33,13 @@ Some typical uses of a DaemonSet are:
- running a cluster storage daemon, such as `glusterd`, `ceph`, on each node.
- running a logs collection daemon on every node, such as `fluentd` or `logstash`.
- running a node monitoring daemon on every node, such as [Prometheus Node Exporter](
https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter), `collectd`, [Dynatrace OneAgent](https://www.dynatrace.com/technologies/kubernetes-monitoring/), [AppDynamics Agent](https://docs.appdynamics.com/display/CLOUD/Container+Visibility+with+Kubernetes), [Datadog agent](https://docs.datadoghq.com/agent/kubernetes/daemonset_setup/), [New Relic agent](https://docs.newrelic.com/docs/integrations/kubernetes-integration/installation/kubernetes-installation-configuration), Ganglia `gmond` or Instana agent.
- running a node monitoring daemon on every node, such as [Prometheus Node Exporter](https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter), [Flowmill](https://github.com/Flowmill/flowmill-k8s/), [Sysdig Agent](https://docs.sysdig.com), `collectd`, [Dynatrace OneAgent](https://www.dynatrace.com/technologies/kubernetes-monitoring/), [AppDynamics Agent](https://docs.appdynamics.com/display/CLOUD/Container+Visibility+with+Kubernetes), [Datadog agent](https://docs.datadoghq.com/agent/kubernetes/daemonset_setup/), [New Relic agent](https://docs.newrelic.com/docs/integrations/kubernetes-integration/installation/kubernetes-installation-configuration), Ganglia `gmond` or [Instana Agent](https://www.instana.com/supported-integrations/kubernetes-monitoring/).
-->
DaemonSet 的一些典型用法:
- 运行集群存储 daemon,例如在每个节点上运行 `glusterd``ceph`
- 在每个节点上运行日志收集 daemon,例如`fluentd``logstash`
- 在每个节点上运行监控 daemon,例如 [Prometheus Node Exporter](https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter)、[Sysdig 代理](https://sysdigdocs.atlassian.net/wiki/spaces/Platform)、`collectd`、[Dynatrace OneAgent](https://www.dynatrace.com/technologies/kubernetes-monitoring/)、[AppDynamics 代理](https://docs.appdynamics.com/display/CLOUD/Container+Visibility+with+Kubernetes)、[Datadog 代理](https://docs.datadoghq.com/agent/kubernetes/daemonset_setup/)、[New Relic 代理](https://docs.newrelic.com/docs/integrations/kubernetes-integration/installation/kubernetes-installation-configuration)Ganglia `gmond` 或 [Instana 代理](https://www.instana.com/supported-integrations/kubernetes-monitoring/)。
- 在每个节点上运行集群存储 DaemonSet,例如 `glusterd``ceph`
- 在每个节点上运行日志收集 DaemonSet,例如 `fluentd``logstash`
- 在每个节点上运行监控 DaemonSet,例如 [Prometheus Node Exporter](https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter)、[Flowmill](https://github.com/Flowmill/flowmill-k8s/)、[Sysdig 代理](https://docs.sysdig.com)、`collectd`、[Dynatrace OneAgent](https://www.dynatrace.com/technologies/kubernetes-monitoring/)、[AppDynamics 代理](https://docs.appdynamics.com/display/CLOUD/Container+Visibility+with+Kubernetes)、[Datadog 代理](https://docs.datadoghq.com/agent/kubernetes/daemonset_setup/)、[New Relic 代理](https://docs.newrelic.com/docs/integrations/kubernetes-integration/installation/kubernetes-installation-configuration)Ganglia `gmond` [Instana 代理](https://www.instana.com/supported-integrations/kubernetes-monitoring/)。
<!--
In a simple case, one DaemonSet, covering all nodes, would be used for each type of daemon.
@@ -55,7 +49,7 @@ different flags and/or different memory and cpu requests for different hardware
一个简单的用法是在所有的节点上都启动一个 DaemonSet,将被作为每种类型的 daemon 使用。
一个稍微复杂的用法是单独对每种 daemon 类型使用多个 DaemonSet,但具有不同的标志,
和/或对不同硬件类型具有不同的内存、CPU要求。
并且对不同硬件类型具有不同的内存、CPU 要求。
{{% /capture %}}
@@ -73,18 +67,14 @@ different flags and/or different memory and cpu requests for different hardware
<!--
You can describe a DaemonSet in a YAML file. For example, the `daemonset.yaml` file below describes a DaemonSet that runs the fluentd-elasticsearch Docker image:
{{< codenew file="controllers/daemonset.yaml" >}}
* Create a DaemonSet based on the YAML file:
```
kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/controllers/daemonset.yaml
```
-->
您可以在 YAML 文件中描述 DaemonSet。例如,下面的 daemonset.yaml 文件描述了一个运行 fluentd-elasticsearch Docker 镜像的 DaemonSet
{{< codenew file="controllers/daemonset.yaml" >}}
<!--
* Create a DaemonSet based on the YAML file:
-->
* 基于 YAML 文件创建 DaemonSet:
```
kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/controllers/daemonset.yaml
@@ -100,13 +90,16 @@ general information about working with config files, see [deploying applications
A DaemonSet also needs a [`.spec`](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#spec-and-status) section.
-->
### 必需字段
和其它所有 Kubernetes 配置一样,DaemonSet 需要 `apiVersion``kind``metadata` 字段。有关配置文件的基本信息,详见文档 [部署应用](/docs/user-guide/deploying-applications/)、[配置容器](/docs/tasks/) 和 [使用kubectl进行对象管理](/docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/overview/)。
和其它所有 Kubernetes 配置一样,DaemonSet 需要 `apiVersion``kind``metadata` 字段。有关配置文件的基本信息,详见文档 [部署应用](/docs/user-guide/deploying-applications/)、[配置容器](/docs/tasks/) 和 [使用 kubectl 进行对象管理](/docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/overview/)。
DaemonSet 也需要一个 [`.spec`](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#spec-and-status) 配置段。
<!--
### Pod Template
-->
### Pod 模板
<!--
The `.spec.template` is one of the required fields in `.spec`.
The `.spec.template` is a [pod template](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview/#pod-templates). It has exactly the same schema as a [Pod](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod/), except it is nested and does not have an `apiVersion` or `kind`.
@@ -114,14 +107,12 @@ The `.spec.template` is a [pod template](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overv
In addition to required fields for a Pod, a Pod template in a DaemonSet has to specify appropriate
labels (see [pod selector](#pod-selector)).
A Pod Template in a DaemonSet must have a [`RestartPolicy`](/docs/user-guide/pod-states)
A Pod Template in a DaemonSet must have a [`RestartPolicy`](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/#restart-policy)
equal to `Always`, or be unspecified, which defaults to `Always`.
-->
### Pod 模板
`.spec` 中唯一必需的字段是 `.spec.template`
`.spec` 唯一必需的字段是 `.spec.template`
`.spec.template` 是一个 [Pod 模板](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview/#pod-templates)。它与 [Pod](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod/) 具有相同的 schema,除了它是嵌套的,而且不具有 `apiVersion``kind` 字段。
`.spec.template` 是一个 [Pod 模板](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview/#pod-templates)。除了它是嵌套的,而且不具有 `apiVersion``kind` 字段,它与 [Pod](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod/) 具有相同的 schema
除了 Pod 必需字段外,在 DaemonSet 中的 Pod 模板必须指定合理的标签(查看 [Pod Selector](#pod-selector))。
@@ -129,7 +120,10 @@ A Pod Template in a DaemonSet must have a [`RestartPolicy`](/docs/user-guide/pod
<!--
### Pod Selector
-->
### Pod Selector {#pod-selector}
<!--
The `.spec.selector` field is a pod selector. It works the same as the `.spec.selector` of
a [Job](/docs/concepts/jobs/run-to-completion-finite-workloads/).
@@ -139,53 +133,56 @@ defaulting was not compatible with `kubectl apply`. Also, once a DaemonSet is cr
its `.spec.selector` can not be mutated. Mutating the pod selector can lead to the
unintentional orphaning of Pods, and it was found to be confusing to users.
-->
### Pod Selector {#pod-selector}
`.spec.selector` 字段表示 Pod Selector,它与 [Job](/docs/concepts/jobs/run-to-completion-finite-workloads/) 的 `.spec.selector` 的作用是相同的。
从 Kubernetes 1.8开始,您必须指定与 `.spec.template` 的标签匹配的 pod selector。当不配置时,pod selector 将不再有默认值。selector 默认与 `kubectl apply` 不兼容。 此外,一旦创建了 DaemonSet,它的 `.spec.selector` 就不能修改。修改 pod selector 可能导致成为 孤儿Pod,并且这对用户来说是困惑的。
从 Kubernetes 1.8 开始,您必须指定与 `.spec.template` 的标签匹配的 pod selector。当不配置时,pod selector 将不再有默认值。selector 默认与 `kubectl apply` 不兼容。 此外,一旦创建了 DaemonSet,它的 `.spec.selector` 就不能修改。修改 pod selector 可能导致 Pod 意外悬浮,并且这对用户来说是困惑的。
<!--
The `.spec.selector` is an object consisting of two fields:
* `matchLabels` - works the same as the `.spec.selector` of a [ReplicationController](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicationcontroller/).
* `matchExpressions` - allows to build more sophisticated selectors by specifying key,
list of values and an operator that relates the key and values.
When the two are specified the result is ANDed.
If the `.spec.selector` is specified, it must match the `.spec.template.metadata.labels`. Config with these not matching will be rejected by the API.
Also you should not normally create any Pods whose labels match this selector, either directly, via
another DaemonSet, or via other controller such as ReplicaSet. Otherwise, the DaemonSet
controller will think that those Pods were created by it. Kubernetes will not stop you from doing
this. One case where you might want to do this is manually create a Pod with a different value on
a node for testing.
-->
`spec.selector` 表示一个对象,它由如下两个字段组成:
<!--
* `matchLabels` - works the same as the `.spec.selector` of a [ReplicationController](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicationcontroller/).
* `matchExpressions` - allows to build more sophisticated selectors by specifying key,
list of values and an operator that relates the key and values.
-->
* `matchLabels` - 与 [ReplicationController](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicationcontroller/) 的 `.spec.selector` 的作用相同。
* `matchExpressions` - 允许构建更加复杂的 Selector,可以通过指定 key、value 列表
,以及与 key 和 value 列表相关的操作符。
<!--
When the two are specified the result is ANDed.
-->
当上述两个字段都指定时,结果表示的是 AND 关系。
<!--
If the `.spec.selector` is specified, it must match the `.spec.template.metadata.labels`. Config with these not matching will be rejected by the API.
-->
如果指定了 `.spec.selector`,必须与 `.spec.template.metadata.labels` 相匹配。如果与它们配置的不匹配,则会被 API 拒绝。
此外,您通常不应该创建任何 pods,它们的 label 与 selector 匹配,或者直接创建,或者通过另一个 DaemonSet、或者其他控制器,比如 ReplicaSet。否则,DaemonSet 控制器会认为这些 Pod 是由它创建的。Kubernetes 不会阻止你这样做。 您可能希望这样做的一种情况是在节点上手动创建具有不同值的 Pod 以进行测试。
<!--
Also you should not normally create any Pods whose labels match this selector, either directly, via
another DaemonSet, or via another workload resource such as ReplicaSet. Otherwise, the DaemonSet
{{< glossary_tooltip term_id="controller" >}} will think that those Pods were created by it.
Kubernetes will not stop you from doing this. One case where you might want to do this is manually
create a Pod with a different value on a node for testing.
-->
另外,通常不应直接通过另一个 DaemonSet 或另一个工作负载资源(例如 ReplicaSet)来创建其标签与该选择器匹配的任何 Pod。否则,DaemonSet {{< glossary_tooltip term_text="控制器" term_id="controller" >}}会认为这些 Pod 是由它创建的。Kubernetes 不会阻止你这样做。您可能要执行此操作的一种情况是,手动在节点上创建具有不同值的 Pod 进行测试。
<!--
### Running Pods on Only Some Nodes
-->
### 仅在某些节点上运行 Pod
<!--
If you specify a `.spec.template.spec.nodeSelector`, then the DaemonSet controller will
create Pods on nodes which match that [node
selector](/docs/concepts/configuration/assign-pod-node/). Likewise if you specify a `.spec.template.spec.affinity`,
then DaemonSet controller will create Pods on nodes which match that [node affinity](/docs/concepts/configuration/assign-pod-node/).
If you do not specify either, then the DaemonSet controller will create Pods on all nodes.
-->
### 仅在某些节点上运行 Pod
如果指定了 `.spec.template.spec.nodeSelector`DaemonSet Controller 将在能够与 [Node Selector](/docs/concepts/configuration/assign-pod-node/) 匹配的节点上创建 Pod。类似这种情况,可以指定 `.spec.template.spec.affinity`,然后 DaemonSet Controller 将在能够与 [node Affinity](/docs/concepts/configuration/assign-pod-node/) 匹配>的节点上创建 Pod。
如果指定了 `.spec.template.spec.nodeSelector`DaemonSet Controller 将在能够与 [Node Selector](/docs/concepts/configuration/assign-pod-node/) 匹配的节点上创建 Pod。类似这种情况,可以指定 `.spec.template.spec.affinity`,然后 DaemonSet Controller 将在能够与 [node Affinity](/docs/concepts/configuration/assign-pod-node/) 匹配的节点上创建 Pod。
如果根本就没有指定,则 DaemonSet Controller 将在所有节点上创建 Pod。
<!--
@@ -197,10 +194,9 @@ If you do not specify either, then the DaemonSet controller will create Pods on
### 通过默认 scheduler 调度
<!--
{{< feature-state state="stable" for-kubernetes-version="1.17" >}}
<!--
A DaemonSet ensures that all eligible nodes run a copy of a Pod. Normally, the
node that a Pod runs on is selected by the Kubernetes scheduler. However,
DaemonSet pods are created and scheduled by the DaemonSet controller instead.
@@ -213,10 +209,7 @@ That introduces the following issues:
is handled by default scheduler. When preemption is enabled, the DaemonSet controller
will make scheduling decisions without considering pod priority and preemption.
-->
{{< feature-state state="stable" for-kubernetes-version="1.17" >}}
DaemonSet 确保所有符合条件的节点都运行一个 Pod 的副本。通常,运行 Pod 的节点由 Kubernetes scheduler 选择。然而,DaemonSet pods 由 DaemonSet controller 创建和调度。这将引入以下问题:
DaemonSet 确保所有符合条件的节点都运行该 Pod 的一个副本。通常,运行 Pod 的节点由 Kubernetes 调度器抉择。不过,DaemonSet pods 由 DaemonSet 控制器创建和调度。这将引入以下问题:
* Pod 行为的不一致性:等待调度的正常 Pod 已被创建并处于 `Pending` 状态,但 DaemonSet pods 未在 `Pending` 状态下创建。 这使用户感到困惑。
* [Pod preemption](/docs/concepts/configuration/pod-priority-preemption/)由默认 scheduler 处理。 启用抢占后,DaemonSet 控制器将在不考虑 pod 优先级和抢占的情况下制定调度决策。
@@ -230,7 +223,7 @@ the DaemonSet pod already exists, it is replaced. The DaemonSet controller only
performs these operations when creating or modifying DaemonSet pods, and no
changes are made to the `spec.template` of the DaemonSet.
-->
`ScheduleDaemonSetPods` 允许您使用默认 scheduler 而不是 DaemonSet 控制器来调度 DaemonSets,方法是将 `NodeAffinity` 添加到 DaemonSet pods,而不是 `.spec.nodeName`。 然后使用默认 scheduler 将 pod 绑定到目标主机。 如果 DaemonSet pod的亲和节点已存在,则替换它。 DaemonSet 控制器仅在创建或修改 DaemonSet pods 时执行这些操作,并且不对 DaemonSet的 `spec.template` 进行任何更改。
`ScheduleDaemonSetPods` 允许您使用默认调度器而不是 DaemonSet 控制器来调度 DaemonSets,方法是将 `NodeAffinity` 添加到 DaemonSet pods,而不是 `.spec.nodeName`。 然后使用默认调度器将 pod 绑定到目标主机。 如果 DaemonSet pod 的亲和节点已存在,则替换它。 DaemonSet 控制器仅在创建或修改 DaemonSet pods 时执行这些操作,并且不对 DaemonSet `spec.template` 进行任何更改。
```yaml
nodeAffinity:
@@ -248,7 +241,7 @@ In addition, `node.kubernetes.io/unschedulable:NoSchedule` toleration is added
automatically to DaemonSet Pods. The default scheduler ignores
`unschedulable` Nodes when scheduling DaemonSet Pods.
-->
此外,`node.kubernetes.io/unschedulableNoSchedule` toleration 会自动添加到 DaemonSet Pods。 在调度DaemonSet Pod 时,默认调度器会忽略 `unschedulable`节点。
此外,系统会自动添加 `node.kubernetes.io/unschedulableNoSchedule` 容忍度到 DaemonSet Pods。 在调度 DaemonSet Pod 时,默认调度器会忽略 `unschedulable` 节点。
<!--
### Taints and Tolerations
@@ -258,11 +251,11 @@ Although Daemon Pods respect
the following tolerations are added to DaemonSet Pods automatically according to
the related features.
-->
### Taints and Tolerations
### 污点和容忍度
尽管 Daemon Pods 尊重[taints and tolerations](/docs/concepts/configuration/taint-and-toleration),根据相关特性,会自动将以下 tolerations 添加到 DaemonSet Pods 中。
尽管 Daemon Pods 遵循[污点和容忍度](/docs/concepts/configuration/taint-and-toleration) 规则,根据相关特性,会自动将以下容忍度添加到 DaemonSet Pods 中。
| Toleration Key | Effect | Version | Description |
| 容忍度关键词 | 影响 | 版本 | 描述 |
| ---------------------------------------- | ---------- | ------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| `node.kubernetes.io/not-ready` | NoExecute | 1.13+ | DaemonSet pods will not be evicted when there are node problems such as a network partition. |
| `node.kubernetes.io/unreachable` | NoExecute | 1.13+ | DaemonSet pods will not be evicted when there are node problems such as a network partition. |
@@ -275,7 +268,10 @@ the related features.
<!--
## Communicating with Daemon Pods
-->
## 与 Daemon Pods 通信
<!--
Some possible patterns for communicating with Pods in a DaemonSet are:
- **Push**: Pods in the DaemonSet are configured to send updates to another service, such
@@ -287,26 +283,32 @@ Some possible patterns for communicating with Pods in a DaemonSet are:
- **Service**: Create a service with the same Pod selector, and use the service to reach a
daemon on a random node. (No way to reach specific node.)
-->
## 与 Daemon Pods 通信
与 DaemonSet 中的 Pod 进行通信的几种可能模式如下:
DaemonSet 中的 Pod 进行通信,几种可能的模式如下:
- **Push**:配置 DaemonSet 中的 Pod 向其它 Service 发送更新,例如统计数据库。它们没有客户端
- **NodeIP 和已知端口**DaemonSet 中的 Pod 可以使用 `hostPort`,从而可以通过节点 IP 访问到 Pod。客户端能通过某种方法知道节点 IP 列表,并且基于此也可以知道端口
- **DNS**:创建具有相同 Pod Selector 的 [Headless Service](/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#headless-services),然后通过使用 `endpoints` 资源或从 DNS 检索到多个 A 记录来发现 DaemonSet。
- **Push**:将 DaemonSet 中的 Pod 配置为将更新发送到另一个 Service,例如统计数据库。
- **NodeIP 和已知端口**DaemonSet 中的 Pod 可以使用 `hostPort`,从而可以通过节点 IP 访问到 Pod。客户端能通过某种方法获取节点 IP 列表,并且基于此也可以获取到相应的端口。
- **DNS**:创建具有相同 Pod Selector 的 [Headless Service](/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#headless-services),然后通过使用 `endpoints` 资源或从 DNS 中检索到多个 A 记录来发现 DaemonSet
- **Service**:创建具有相同 Pod Selector 的 Service,并使用该 Service 随机访问到某个节点上的 daemon(没有办法访问到特定节点)。
<!--
## Updating a DaemonSet
-->
## 更新 DaemonSet
<!--
If node labels are changed, the DaemonSet will promptly add Pods to newly matching nodes and delete
Pods from newly not-matching nodes.
You can modify the Pods that a DaemonSet creates. However, Pods do not allow all
fields to be updated. Also, the DaemonSet controller will use the original template the next
time a node (even with the same name) is created.
-->
如果修改了节点标签,DaemonSet 将立刻向新匹配上的节点添加 Pod,同时删除不能够匹配的节点上的 Pod。
您可以修改 DaemonSet 创建的 Pod。然而,不允许对 Pod 的所有字段进行更新。当下次
节点(即使具有相同的名称)被创建时,DaemonSet Controller 还会使用最初的模板。
<!--
You can delete a DaemonSet. If you specify `--cascade=false` with `kubectl`, then the Pods
will be left on the nodes. If you subsequently create a new DaemonSet with the same selector,
the new DaemonSet adopts the existing Pods. If any Pods need replacing the DaemonSet replaces
@@ -314,14 +316,6 @@ them according to its `updateStrategy`.
You can [perform a rolling update](/docs/tasks/manage-daemon/update-daemon-set/) on a DaemonSet.
-->
## 更新 DaemonSet
如果修改了节点标签(Label),DaemonSet 将立刻向新匹配上的节点添加 Pod,同时删除不能够匹配的节点上的 Pod。
您可以修改 DaemonSet 创建的 Pod。然而,不允许对 Pod 的所有字段进行更新。当下次
节点(即使具有相同的名称)被创建时,DaemonSet Controller 还会使用最初的模板。
您可以删除一个 DaemonSet。如果使用 `kubectl` 并指定 `--cascade=false` 选项,则 Pod 将被保留在节点上。然后可以创建具有不同模板的新 DaemonSet。具有不同模板的新 DaemonSet 将能够通过标签匹配并识别所有已经存在的 Pod。
如果有任何 Pod 需要替换,则 DaemonSet 根据它的 `updateStrategy` 来替换。
@@ -329,7 +323,12 @@ You can [perform a rolling update](/docs/tasks/manage-daemon/update-daemon-set/)
## Alternatives to DaemonSet
### Init Scripts
-->
## DaemonSet 的可替代选择
### init 脚本
<!--
It is certainly possible to run daemon processes by directly starting them on a node (e.g. using
`init`, `upstartd`, or `systemd`). This is perfectly fine. However, there are several advantages to
running such processes via a DaemonSet:
@@ -340,10 +339,6 @@ running such processes via a DaemonSet:
containers. However, this can also be accomplished by running the daemons in a container but not in a Pod
(e.g. start directly via Docker).
-->
## DaemonSet 的可替代选择
### init 脚本
我们很可能希望直接在一个节点上启动 daemon 进程(例如,使用 `init``upstartd`、或 `systemd`)。这非常好,但基于 DaemonSet 来运行这些进程有如下一些好处:
- 像对待应用程序一样,具备为 daemon 提供监控和管理日志的能力。
File diff suppressed because it is too large Load Diff
@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
---
title: 垃圾收集
redirect_from:
- "/docs/concepts/abstractions/controllers/garbage-collection/"
- "/docs/concepts/abstractions/controllers/garbage-collection.html"
- "/docs/user-guide/garbage-collection/"
- "/docs/user-guide/garbage-collection.html"
content_template: templates/concept
weight: 60
---
<!--
@@ -59,7 +55,7 @@ Here's a configuration file for a ReplicaSet that has three Pods:
有时,Kubernetes 会自动设置 `ownerReference` 的值。
例如,当创建一个 ReplicaSet 时,Kubernetes 自动设置 ReplicaSet 中每个 Pod 的 `ownerReference` 字段值。
在 1.6 版本,Kubernetes 会自动为某些对象设置 `ownerReference` 的值,这些对象是由 ReplicationController、ReplicaSet、StatefulSet、DaemonSetDeployment 所创建或管理。
Kubernetes 1.8 版本,Kubernetes 会自动为某些对象设置 `ownerReference` 的值,这些对象是由 ReplicationController、ReplicaSet、StatefulSet、DaemonSetDeployment、Job 和 CronJob 所创建或管理。
也可以通过手动设置 `ownerReference` 的值,来指定所有者和附属之间的关系。
这里有一个配置文件,表示一个具有 3 个 Pod 的 ReplicaSet
@@ -84,7 +80,7 @@ The output shows that the Pod owner is a ReplicaSet named `my-repset`:
输出显示了 Pod 的所有者是名为 my-repset 的 ReplicaSet
```shell
```yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
@@ -99,8 +95,6 @@ metadata:
...
```
{{< note >}}
<!--
Cross-namespace owner references are disallowed by design. This means:
1) Namespace-scoped dependents can only specify owners in the same namespace,
@@ -108,13 +102,10 @@ and owners that are cluster-scoped.
2) Cluster-scoped dependents can only specify cluster-scoped owners, but not
namespace-scoped owners.
-->
{{< note >}}
根据设计,kubernetes 不允许跨命名空间指定所有者。这意味着:
1)命名空间范围的附属只能在相同的命名空间中指定所有者,并且只能指定集群范围的所有者。
2)集群范围的附属只能指定集群范围的所有者,不能指定命名空间范围的。
{{< /note >}}
<!--
@@ -130,16 +121,19 @@ automatically, the dependents are said to be *orphaned*.
-->
## 控制垃圾收集器删除附属者
当删除对象时,可以指定是否该对象的附属者也自动删除掉。
当删除对象时,可以指定该对象的附属者是否也自动删除掉。
自动删除 Dependent 也称为 *级联删除*
Kubernetes 中有两种 *级联删除* 的模式:*background* 模式和 *foreground* 模式。
如果删除对象时,不自动删除它的附属者,这些附属者被称作是原对象的*孤儿*
如果删除对象时,不自动删除它的附属者,这些附属者被称作是原对象的 *orphaned*
<!--
### Foreground cascading deletion
-->
### 显式级联删除
<!--
In *foreground cascading deletion*, the root object first
enters a "deletion in progress" state. In the "deletion in progress" state,
the following things are true:
@@ -147,12 +141,23 @@ the following things are true:
* The object is still visible via the REST API
* The object's `deletionTimestamp` is set
* The object's `metadata.finalizers` contains the value "foregroundDeletion".
-->
在*显式级联删除*模式下,根对象首先进入 `deletion in progress` 状态。在 `deletion in progress` 状态会有如下的情况:
* 对象仍然可以通过 REST API 可见。
* 会设置对象的 `deletionTimestamp` 字段。
* 对象的 `metadata.finalizers` 字段包含了值 `foregroundDeletion`
<!--
Once the "deletion in progress" state is set, the garbage
collector deletes the object's dependents. Once the garbage collector has deleted all
"blocking" dependents (objects with `ownerReference.blockOwnerDeletion=true`), it deletes
the owner object.
-->
一旦对象被设置为 `deletion in progress` 状态,垃圾收集器会删除对象的所有附属。
垃圾收集器在删除了所有 `Blocking` 状态的附属(对象的 `ownerReference.blockOwnerDeletion=true`)之后,它会删除拥有者对象。
<!--
Note that in the "foregroundDeletion", only dependents with
`ownerReference.blockOwnerDeletion=true` block the deletion of the owner object.
Kubernetes version 1.7 added an [admission controller](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/admission-controllers/#ownerreferencespermissionenforcement) that controls user access to set
@@ -162,22 +167,8 @@ unauthorized dependents cannot delay deletion of an owner object.
If an object's `ownerReferences` field is set by a controller (such as Deployment or ReplicaSet),
blockOwnerDeletion is set automatically and you do not need to manually modify this field.
-->
### 显式级联删除
在*显式级联删除*模式下,根对象首先进入 `deletion in progress` 状态。在 `deletion in progress` 状态会有如下的情况:
* 对象仍然可以通过 REST API 可见。
* 会设置对象的 `deletionTimestamp` 字段。
* 对象的 `metadata.finalizers` 字段包含了值 `foregroundDeletion`
一旦对象被设置为 `deletion in progress` 状态,垃圾收集器会删除对象的所有附属。
垃圾收集器在删除了所有 `Blocking` 状态的附属(对象的 `ownerReference.blockOwnerDeletion=true`)之后,它会删除拥有者对象。
注意,在 `foregroundDeletion` 模式下,只有设置了 `ownerReference.blockOwnerDeletion` 值的附属者才能阻止删除拥有者对象。
在 Kubernetes 1.7 版本中将增加准入控制器Admission Controller,基于拥有者对象上的删除权限来控制用户去设置 `blockOwnerDeletion` 的值为 true,所以未授权的附属者不能够延迟拥有者对象的删除。
在 Kubernetes 1.7 版本中将增加[准入控制器](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/admission-controllers/#ownerreferencespermissionenforcement),基于拥有者对象上的删除权限来控制用户去设置 `blockOwnerDeletion` 的值为 true,所以未授权的附属者不能够延迟拥有者对象的删除。
如果一个对象的 `ownerReferences` 字段被一个 Controller(例如 Deployment 或 ReplicaSet)设置,`blockOwnerDeletion` 会被自动设置,不需要手动修改这个字段。
@@ -191,7 +182,7 @@ the background.
-->
### 隐式级联删除
*隐式级联删除* 模式下,Kubernetes 会立即删除拥有者对象,然后垃圾收集器会在后台删除这些附属。
*隐式级联删除* 模式下,Kubernetes 会立即删除拥有者对象,然后垃圾收集器会在后台删除这些附属
<!--
### Setting the cascading deletion policy
@@ -206,18 +197,20 @@ Deployment. For kinds in the `extensions/v1beta1`, `apps/v1beta1`, and `apps/v1b
specify otherwise, dependent objects are orphaned by default. In Kubernetes 1.9, for all kinds in the `apps/v1`
group version, dependent objects are deleted by default.
Here's an example that deletes dependents in background:
-->
### 设置级联删除策略
通过为拥有者对象设置 `deleteOptions.propagationPolicy` 字段,可以控制级联删除策略。
可能的取值包括:`orphan``Foreground``Background`
可能的取值包括:`orphan``Foreground` 或者 `Background`
对很多 Controller 资源,包括 ReplicationController、ReplicaSet、StatefulSet、DaemonSet 和 Deployment,默认的垃圾收集策略是 `orphan`
因此,除非指定其它的垃圾收集策略,否则所有附属对象使用的都是 `orphan` 策略。
因此,对于使用 `extensions/v1beta1``apps/v1beta1``apps/v1beta2` 组版本中的 `Kind`,除非指定其它的垃圾收集策略,否则所有附属对象默认使用的都是 `orphan` 策略。
下面是一个在后台删除 Dependent 对象的例子:
<!--
Here's an example that deletes dependents in background:
-->
下面是一个在 `Background` 中删除 Dependent 对象的示例:
```shell
kubectl proxy --port=8080
@@ -230,7 +223,7 @@ curl -X DELETE localhost:8080/apis/apps/v1/namespaces/default/replicasets/my-rep
Here's an example that deletes dependents in foreground:
-->
下面是一个在前台删除附属对象的例
下面是一个在 `Foreground`删除附属对象的例:
```shell
kubectl proxy --port=8080
@@ -243,7 +236,7 @@ curl -X DELETE localhost:8080/apis/apps/v1/namespaces/default/replicasets/my-rep
Here's an example that orphans dependents:
-->
这里是一个孤儿附属的例
这里是一个 `Orphan` 附属的例:
```shell
kubectl proxy --port=8080
@@ -281,7 +274,7 @@ See [kubeadm/#149](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubeadm/issues/149#issuecomment
### Deployment 的其他说明
在 1.7 之前的版本中,当在 Deployment 中使用级联删除时,您必须*使用* `propagationPolicy:Foreground`。这样不仅删除所创建的 ReplicaSet,还删除其 Pod。如果不使用这种类型的 `propagationPolicy`,则将只删除 ReplicaSet,而 Pod 被孤立。
在 1.7 之前的版本中,当在 Deployment 中使用级联删除时,您必须*使用* `propagationPolicy:Foreground` 模式。这样不仅删除所创建的 ReplicaSet,还删除其 Pod。如果不使用这种类型的 `propagationPolicy`,则将只删除 ReplicaSet,而 Pod 被孤立。
更多信息,请参考 [kubeadm/#149](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubeadm/issues/149#issuecomment-284766613)。
@@ -301,7 +294,11 @@ Tracked at [#26120](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/26120)
{{% capture whatsnext %}}
## 控制垃圾收集器删除附属者
<!--
[Design Doc 1](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/design-proposals/api-machinery/garbage-collection.md)
[Design Doc 2](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/design-proposals/api-machinery/synchronous-garbage-collection.md)
-->
[设计文档 1](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/design-proposals/api-machinery/garbage-collection.md)
[设计文档 2](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/design-proposals/api-machinery/synchronous-garbage-collection.md)
@@ -4,12 +4,16 @@ feature:
title: 自我修复
anchor: ReplicationController 如何工作
description: >
重新启动失败的容器,在节点死亡时替换并重新调度容器,杀死不响应用户定义的健康检查的容器,并且在它们准备好服务之前不会它们公布给客户端。
重新启动失败的容器,在节点死亡时替换并重新调度容器,杀死不响应用户定义的健康检查的容器,并且在它们准备好服务之前不会它们公布给客户端。
content_template: templates/concept
weight: 20
---
---
<!--
reviewers:
- bprashanth
- janetkuo
title: ReplicationController
feature:
title: Self-healing
@@ -23,10 +27,10 @@ weight: 20
{{% capture overview %}}
{{< note >}}
<!--
A [`Deployment`](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/) that configures a [`ReplicaSet`](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicaset/) is now the recommended way to set up replication.
-->
{{< note >}}
现在推荐使用配置 [`ReplicaSet`](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicaset/) 的 [`Deployment`](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/) 来建立副本管理机制。
{{< /note >}}
@@ -44,7 +48,10 @@ _ReplicationController_ 确保在任何时候都有特定数量的 pod 副本处
<!--
## How a ReplicationController Works
-->
## ReplicationController 如何工作
<!--
If there are too many pods, the ReplicationController terminates the extra pods. If there are too few, the
ReplicationController starts more pods. Unlike manually created pods, the pods maintained by a
ReplicationController are automatically replaced if they fail, are deleted, or are terminated.
@@ -53,25 +60,24 @@ For this reason, you should use a ReplicationController even if your application
only a single pod. A ReplicationController is similar to a process supervisor,
but instead of supervising individual processes on a single node, the ReplicationController supervises multiple pods
across multiple nodes.
-->
当 pod 数量过多时,ReplicationController 会终止多余的 pod。当 pod 数量太少时,ReplicationController 将会启动新的 pod。
与手动创建的 pod 不同,由 ReplicationController 创建的 pod 在失败、被删除或被终止时会被自动替换。
例如,在中断性维护(如内核升级)之后,您的 pod 会在节点上重新创建。
因此,即使您的应用程序只需要一个 pod,您也应该使用 ReplicationController 创建 Pod。
ReplicationController 类似于进程管理器,但是 ReplicationController 不是监控单个节点上的单个进程,而是监控跨多个节点的多个 pod。
ReplicationController is often abbreviated to "rc" or "rcs" in discussion, and as a shortcut in
<!--
ReplicationController is often abbreviated to "rc" in discussion, and as a shortcut in
kubectl commands.
A simple case is to create one ReplicationController object to reliably run one instance of
a Pod indefinitely. A more complex use case is to run several identical replicas of a replicated
service, such as web servers.
-->
## ReplicationController 如何工作
在讨论中,ReplicationController 通常缩写为 "rc",并作为 kubectl 命令的快捷方式。
当 pods 数量过多时,ReplicationController 会终止多余的 pods。当 pods 数量太少时,ReplicationController 将会启动新的 pods
与手动创建的 pod 不同,由 ReplicationController 创建的 pods 在失败、被删除或被终止时会被自动替换。
例如,在中断性维护(如内核升级)之后,您的 pod 会在节点上重新创建。
因此,即使您的应用程序只需要一个 pod,您也应该使用一个 ReplicationController。
ReplicationController 类似于进程管理器,但是 ReplicationController 不是监控单个节点上的单个进程,而是监控跨多个节点的多个 pods。
在讨论中,ReplicationController 通常缩写为 "rc" 或 "rcs",并作为 kubectl 命令的快捷方式。
一个简单的例子是创建一个 ReplicationController 对象来可靠地无限期地运行 Pod 的一个实例。
一个简单的示例是创建一个 ReplicationController 对象来可靠地无限期地运行 Pod 的一个实例
更复杂的用例是运行一个多副本服务(如 web 服务器)的若干相同副本。
<!--
@@ -134,8 +140,8 @@ Events:
Here, three pods are created, but none is running yet, perhaps because the image is being pulled.
A little later, the same command may show:
-->
此时,创建了三个 pod,但是还没有运行,可能正在拉取镜像。
稍后,相同的命令可能显示:
在这里,创建了三个 Pod,但没有一个 Pod 正在运行,可能是因为正在拉取镜像。
稍后,相同的命令可能显示:
```shell
Pods Status: 3 Running / 0 Waiting / 0 Succeeded / 0 Failed
@@ -156,7 +162,7 @@ nginx-3ntk0 nginx-4ok8v nginx-qrm3m
<!--
Here, the selector is the same as the selector for the ReplicationController (seen in the
`kubectl describe` output, and in a different form in `replication.yaml`. The `--output=jsonpath` option
`kubectl describe` output), and in a different form in `replication.yaml`. The `--output=jsonpath` option
specifies an expression that just gets the name from each pod in the returned list.
-->
这里,选择器与 ReplicationController 的选择器相同(参见 `kubectl describe` 输出),并以不同的形式出现在 `replication.yaml` 中。
@@ -172,18 +178,26 @@ A ReplicationController also needs a [`.spec` section](https://git.k8s.io/commun
-->
## 编写一个 ReplicationController Spec
与所有其它 Kubernetes 配置一样,ReplicationController 需要 `apiVersion` `kind``metadata` 字段。
与所有其它 Kubernetes 配置一样,ReplicationController 需要 `apiVersion``kind``metadata` 字段。
有关使用配置文件的常规信息,参考[对象管理](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/object-management/)。
ReplicationController 也需要一个 [`.spec` 部分](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#spec-and-status)。
<!--
### Pod Template
-->
### Pod 模板
<!--
The `.spec.template` is the only required field of the `.spec`.
The `.spec.template` is a [pod template](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview/#pod-templates). It has exactly the same schema as a [pod](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod/), except it is nested and does not have an `apiVersion` or `kind`.
-->
`.spec.template``.spec` 的唯一必需字段。
`.spec.template` 是一个 [pod 模板](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview/#pod-templates)。它的模式与 [pod](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod/) 完全相同,只是它是嵌套的,没有 `apiVersion``kind` 属性。
<!--
In addition to required fields for a Pod, a pod template in a ReplicationController must specify appropriate
labels and an appropriate restart policy. For labels, make sure not to overlap with other controllers. See [pod selector](#pod-selector).
@@ -192,14 +206,8 @@ Only a [`.spec.template.spec.restartPolicy`](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-l
For local container restarts, ReplicationControllers delegate to an agent on the node,
for example the [Kubelet](/docs/admin/kubelet/) or Docker.
-->
### Pod 模板
`.spec.template``.spec` 的唯一必需字段。
`.spec.template` 是一个 [pod 模板](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview/#pod-templates)。它的模式与 [pod](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod/) 完全相同,只是它是嵌套的,并且没有 `apiVersion``kind`
除了 Pod 所需的字段外,ReplicationController 中的 pod 模板必须指定适当的标签和适当的重新启动策略。
对于标签,请确保不与其他控制器重叠。参考 [pod 选择器](#pod-选择器)。
对于标签,请确保不与其他控制器重叠。参考 [pod 选择器](#pod-selector)。
只允许 [`.spec.template.spec.restartPolicy`](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/#restart-policy) 等于 `Always`,如果没有指定,这是默认值。
@@ -223,16 +231,29 @@ ReplicationController 本身可以有标签 `.metadata.labels`)。
<!--
### Pod Selector
-->
### Pod 选择器 {#pod-selector}
<!--
The `.spec.selector` field is a [label selector](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labels/#label-selectors). A ReplicationController
manages all the pods with labels that match the selector. It does not distinguish
between pods that it created or deleted and pods that another person or process created or
deleted. This allows the ReplicationController to be replaced without affecting the running pods.
-->
`.spec.selector` 字段是一个[标签选择器](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labels/#label-selectors)。
ReplicationController 管理标签与选择器匹配的所有 Pod。
它不区分它创建或删除的 Pod 和其他人或进程创建或删除的 Pod。
这允许在不影响正在运行的 Pod 的情况下替换 ReplicationController。
<!--
If specified, the `.spec.template.metadata.labels` must be equal to the `.spec.selector`, or it will
be rejected by the API. If `.spec.selector` is unspecified, it will be defaulted to
`.spec.template.metadata.labels`.
-->
如果指定了 `.spec.template.metadata.labels`,它必须和 `.spec.selector` 相同,否则它将被 API 拒绝。
如果没有指定 `.spec.selector`,它将默认为 `.spec.template.metadata.labels`
<!--
Also you should not normally create any pods whose labels match this selector, either directly, with
another ReplicationController, or with another controller such as Job. If you do so, the
ReplicationController thinks that it created the other pods. Kubernetes does not stop you
@@ -241,21 +262,10 @@ from doing this.
If you do end up with multiple controllers that have overlapping selectors, you
will have to manage the deletion yourself (see [below](#working-with-replicationcontrollers)).
-->
### Pod 选择器
`.spec.selector` 字段是一个[标签选择器](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labels/#label-selectors)。
ReplicationController 管理标签与选择器匹配的所有 Pods。
它不区分它创建或删除的 pod 以及另一个人或进程创建或删除的 pod。
这允许在不影响正在运行的 pod 的情况下替换 ReplicationController。
如果指定了 `.spec.template.metadata.labels`,它必须和 `.spec.selector` 相同,否则它将被 API 拒绝。
如果没有指定 `.spec.selector`,它将默认为 `.spec.template.metadata.labels`
此外,用户通常不应创建标签与此选择器匹配的任何其他 Pods,无论是直接创建、使用另一个 ReplicationController 来创建或者别的控制器(如 Job )来创建,都是不允许的。
如果这样做, ReplicationController 会认为这些 Pods 是由它自己创建的。
另外,通常不应直接使用另一个 ReplicationController 或另一个控制器(例如 Job)来创建其标签与该选择器匹配的任何 Pod。如果这样做,ReplicationController 会认为它创建了这些 Pod。
Kubernetes 并没有阻止你这样做。
如果您的确创建了多个控制器并且其选择器之间存在重叠,那么您将不得不自己管理删除操作(参考[后文](#使用-replicationcontrollers))。
如果您的确创建了多个控制器并且其选择器之间存在重叠,那么您将不得不自己管理删除操作(参考[后文](#working-with-replicationcontrollers))。
<!--
### Multiple Replicas
@@ -269,15 +279,15 @@ If you do not specify `.spec.replicas`, then it defaults to 1.
-->
### 多个副本
你可以通过设置 `.spec.replicas` 来指定应该同时运行多少个 Pods
在任何时候,处于运行状态的 Pods 个数都可能高于或者低于设定值。例如,副本个数刚刚被增加或减少时,或者一个 pod 处于体面终止过程中而其替代副本已经提前开始创建时。
你可以通过设置 `.spec.replicas` 来指定应该同时运行多少个 Pod。
在任何时候,处于运行状态的 Pod 个数都可能高于或者低于设定值。例如,副本个数刚刚被增加或减少时,或者一个 pod 处于优雅终止过程中而其替代副本已经提前开始创建时。
如果你没有指定 `.spec.replicas` ,那么它默认是1。
如果你没有指定 `.spec.replicas` ,那么它默认是 1。
<!--
## Working with ReplicationControllers
-->
## 使用 ReplicationController
## 使用 ReplicationController {#working-with-replicationcontrollers}
<!--
### Deleting a ReplicationController and its Pods
@@ -293,37 +303,39 @@ When using the REST API or go client library, you need to do the steps explicitl
### 删除一个 ReplicationController 以及它的 Pod
要删除一个 ReplicationController 以及它的 Pod,使用 [`kubectl delete`](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands#delete)。
Kubectl 将 ReplicationController 缩放为0并等待以便在删除 ReplicationController 本身之前删除每个 pod。
kubectl 将 ReplicationController 缩放为 0 并等待以便在删除 ReplicationController 本身之前删除每个 Pod。
如果这个 kubectl 命令被中断,可以重新启动它。
当使用 REST API 或 go 客户端库时,您需要明确地执行这些步骤(缩放副本为0、 等待 Pod 删除,之后删除 ReplicationController 资源)。
当使用 REST API 或 go 客户端库时,您需要明确地执行这些步骤(缩放副本为 0、 等待 Pod 删除,之后删除 ReplicationController 资源)。
<!--
### Deleting just a ReplicationController
-->
### 只删除 ReplicationController
<!--
You can delete a ReplicationController without affecting any of its pods.
Using kubectl, specify the `--cascade=false` option to [`kubectl delete`](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands#delete).
When using the REST API or go client library, simply delete the ReplicationController object.
Once the original is deleted, you can create a new ReplicationController to replace it. As long
as the old and new `.spec.selector` are the same, then the new one will adopt the old pods.
However, it will not make any effort to make existing pods match a new, different pod template.
To update pods to a new spec in a controlled way, use a [rolling update](#rolling-updates).
-->
### 只删除 ReplicationController
你可以删除一个 ReplicationController 而不影响它的任何 pod。
使用 kubectl ,为 [`kubectl delete`](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands#delete) 指定 `--cascade=false` 选项。
当使用 REST API 或 go 客户端库时, 只需删除 ReplicationController 对象。
<!--
Once the original is deleted, you can create a new ReplicationController to replace it. As long
as the old and new `.spec.selector` are the same, then the new one will adopt the old pods.
However, it will not make any effort to make existing pods match a new, different pod template.
To update pods to a new spec in a controlled way, use a [rolling update](#rolling-updates).
-->
一旦原始对象被删除,你可以创建一个新的 ReplicationController 来替换它。
只要新的和旧的 `.spec.selector` 相同,那么新的控制器将领养旧的 Pods
但是,它不会做出任何努力使现有的 pod 匹配新的、不同的 pod 模板。
如果希望以受控方式更新 Pods 以使用新的 spec,请执行[滚动更新](#滚动更新)操作。
只要新的和旧的 `.spec.selector` 相同,那么新的控制器将领养旧的 Pod。
但是,它不会做出任何努力使现有的 Pod 匹配新的、不同的 Pod 模板。
如果希望以受控方式更新 Pod 以使用新的 spec,请执行[滚动更新](#rolling-updates)操作。
<!--
### Isolating pods from a ReplicationController
@@ -347,7 +359,7 @@ As mentioned above, whether you have 1 pod you want to keep running, or 1000, a
-->
### 重新调度
如上所述,无论您想要继续运行1个 pod 还是1000,一个 ReplicationController 都将确保存在指定数量的 pod,即使在节点故障或 pod 终止(例如,由于另一个控制代理的操作)的情况下也是如此。
如上所述,无论您想要继续运行 1 个 pod 还是 1000 个 Pod,一个 ReplicationController 都将确保存在指定数量的 pod,即使在节点故障或 pod 终止(例如,由于另一个控制代理的操作)的情况下也是如此。
<!--
### Scaling
@@ -359,11 +371,19 @@ The ReplicationController makes it easy to scale the number of replicas up or do
<!--
### Rolling updates
-->
### 滚动更新 {#rolling-updates}
<!--
The ReplicationController is designed to facilitate rolling updates to a service by replacing pods one-by-one.
As explained in [#1353](http://issue.k8s.io/1353), the recommended approach is to create a new ReplicationController with 1 replica, scale the new (+1) and old (-1) controllers one by one, and then delete the old controller after it reaches 0 replicas. This predictably updates the set of pods regardless of unexpected failures.
-->
ReplicationController 的设计目的是通过逐个替换 pod 以方便滚动更新服务。
如 [#1353](http://issue.k8s.io/1353) PR 中所述,建议的方法是使用 1 个副本创建一个新的 ReplicationController,逐个缩放新的(+1)和旧的(-1)控制器,然后在旧的控制器达到 0 个副本后将其删除。这一方法能够实现可控的 Pod 集合更新,即使存在意外失效的状况。
<!--
Ideally, the rolling update controller would take application readiness into account, and would ensure that a sufficient number of pods were productively serving at any given time.
The two ReplicationControllers would need to create pods with at least one differentiating label, such as the image tag of the primary container of the pod, since it is typically image updates that motivate rolling updates.
@@ -371,34 +391,28 @@ The two ReplicationControllers would need to create pods with at least one diffe
Rolling update is implemented in the client tool
[`kubectl rolling-update`](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands#rolling-update). Visit [`kubectl rolling-update` task](/docs/tasks/run-application/rolling-update-replication-controller/) for more concrete examples.
-->
### 滚动更新
ReplicationController 的设计目的是通过逐个替换 pod 以方便滚动更新服务。
如[#1353](http://issue.k8s.io/1353)所述,建议的方法是使用1个副本创建一个新的 ReplicationController,逐个缩放新的(+1)和旧的(-1)控制器,然后在旧的控制器达到0个副本后将其删除。这一方法能够实现可控的 Pods 集合更新,即使存在意外失效的状况。
理想情况下,滚动更新控制器将考虑应用程序的就绪情况,并确保在任何给定时间都有足够数量的 Pods 有效地提供服务。
理想情况下,滚动更新控制器将考虑应用程序的就绪情况,并确保在任何给定时间都有足够数量的 Pod 有效地提供服务。
这两个 ReplicationController 将需要创建至少具有一个不同标签的 pod,比如 pod 主要容器的镜像标签,因为通常是镜像更新触发滚动更新。
滚动更新是在客户端工具
[`kubectl rolling-update`](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands#rolling-update)中实现的。 访问 [`kubectl rolling-update` 任务](/docs/tasks/run-application/rolling-update-replication-controller/)以获得更多的具体示例。
滚动更新是在客户端工具 [`kubectl rolling-update`](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands#rolling-update) 中实现的。 访问 [`kubectl rolling-update` 任务](/docs/tasks/run-application/rolling-update-replication-controller/)以获得更多的具体示例。
<!--
### Multiple release tracks
-->
### 多个版本跟踪
<!--
In addition to running multiple releases of an application while a rolling update is in progress, it's common to run multiple releases for an extended period of time, or even continuously, using multiple release tracks. The tracks would be differentiated by labels.
For instance, a service might target all pods with `tier in (frontend), environment in (prod)`. Now say you have 10 replicated pods that make up this tier. But you want to be able to 'canary' a new version of this component. You could set up a ReplicationController with `replicas` set to 9 for the bulk of the replicas, with labels `tier=frontend, environment=prod, track=stable`, and another ReplicationController with `replicas` set to 1 for the canary, with labels `tier=frontend, environment=prod, track=canary`. Now the service is covering both the canary and non-canary pods. But you can mess with the ReplicationControllers separately to test things out, monitor the results, etc.
-->
### 多个版本跟踪
除了在滚动更新过程中运行应用程序的多个版本之外,通常还会使用多个版本跟踪来长时间,甚至持续运行多个版本。这些跟踪将根据标签加以区分。
例如,一个服务可能把具有 `tier in (frontend), environment in (prod)` 的所有 pod 作为目标。
现在假设您有10个副本的 pod 组成了这个层。但是你希望能够'金丝雀部署'这个组件的新版本。
您可以为大部分副本设置一个 ReplicationController,其中 `replicas` 设置为9,标签为 `tier=frontend, environment=prod, track=stable` 而为 canary 设置另一个 ReplicationController,其中 `replicas` 设置为1,标签为 `tier=frontend, environment=prod, track=canary`
现在这个服务覆盖了 canary 和非 canary pod。但您可以单独处理 ReplicationController,以测试、监控结果等。
现在假设您有 10 个副本的 pod 组成了这个层。但是你希望能够 `canary` `金丝雀`)发布这个组件的新版本。
您可以为大部分副本设置一个 ReplicationController,其中 `replicas` 设置为 9,标签为 `tier=frontend, environment=prod, track=stable` 而为 `canary` 设置另一个 ReplicationController,其中 `replicas` 设置为 1,标签为 `tier=frontend, environment=prod, track=canary`
现在这个服务覆盖了 `canary` 和非 `canary` Pod。但您可以单独处理 ReplicationController,以测试、监控结果等。
<!--
### Using ReplicationControllers with Services
@@ -412,8 +426,8 @@ A ReplicationController will never terminate on its own, but it isn't expected t
多个 ReplicationController 可以位于一个服务的后面,例如,一部分流量流向旧版本,一部分流量流向新版本。
一个 ReplicationController 永远不会自行终止,但它不会像服务那样长寿
服务可以由多个 ReplicationController 控制的 pod 组成,并且在服务的生命周期内(例如,为了执行 pod 更新而运行服务),可以创建和销毁许多 ReplicationController。
一个 ReplicationController 永远不会自行终止,但它不会像服务那样长时间存活
服务可以由多个 ReplicationController 控制的 Pod 组成,并且在服务的生命周期内(例如,为了执行 pod 更新而运行服务),可以创建和销毁许多 ReplicationController。
服务本身和它们的客户端都应该忽略负责维护服务 Pod 的 ReplicationController 的存在。
<!--
@@ -425,35 +439,38 @@ Pods created by a ReplicationController are intended to be fungible and semantic
由 ReplicationController 创建的 Pod 是可替换的,语义上是相同的,尽管随着时间的推移,它们的配置可能会变得异构。
这显然适合于多副本的无状态服务器,但是 ReplicationController 也可以用于维护主选、分片和工作池应用程序的可用性。
这样的应用程序应该使用动态的工作分配机制,例如 [RabbitMQ工作队列](https://www.rabbitmq.com/tutorials/tutorial-two-python.html),而不是静态的/一次性定制每个 pod 的配置,这被认为是一种反模式。
这样的应用程序应该使用动态的工作分配机制,例如 [RabbitMQ 工作队列](https://www.rabbitmq.com/tutorials/tutorial-two-python.html),而不是静态的或者一次性定制每个 pod 的配置,这被认为是一种反模式。
执行的任何 pod 定制,例如资源的垂直自动调整大小(例如,cpu 或内存),都应该由另一个在线控制器进程执行,这与 ReplicationController 本身没什么不同。
<!--
## Responsibilities of the ReplicationController
The ReplicationController simply ensures that the desired number of pods matches its label selector and are operational. Currently, only terminated pods are excluded from its count. In the future, [readiness](http://issue.k8s.io/620) and other information available from the system may be taken into account, we may add more controls over the replacement policy, and we plan to emit events that could be used by external clients to implement arbitrarily sophisticated replacement and/or scale-down policies.
The ReplicationController is forever constrained to this narrow responsibility. It itself will not perform readiness nor liveness probes. Rather than performing auto-scaling, it is intended to be controlled by an external auto-scaler (as discussed in [#492](http://issue.k8s.io/492)), which would change its `replicas` field. We will not add scheduling policies (for example, [spreading](http://issue.k8s.io/367#issuecomment-48428019)) to the ReplicationController. Nor should it verify that the pods controlled match the currently specified template, as that would obstruct auto-sizing and other automated processes. Similarly, completion deadlines, ordering dependencies, configuration expansion, and other features belong elsewhere. We even plan to factor out the mechanism for bulk pod creation ([#170](http://issue.k8s.io/170)).
The ReplicationController is intended to be a composable building-block primitive. We expect higher-level APIs and/or tools to be built on top of it and other complementary primitives for user convenience in the future. The "macro" operations currently supported by kubectl (run, scale, rolling-update) are proof-of-concept examples of this. For instance, we could imagine something like [Asgard](http://techblog.netflix.com/2012/06/asgard-web-based-cloud-management-and.html) managing ReplicationControllers, auto-scalers, services, scheduling policies, canaries, etc.
-->
## ReplicationController 的职责
<!--
The ReplicationController simply ensures that the desired number of pods matches its label selector and are operational. Currently, only terminated pods are excluded from its count. In the future, [readiness](http://issue.k8s.io/620) and other information available from the system may be taken into account, we may add more controls over the replacement policy, and we plan to emit events that could be used by external clients to implement arbitrarily sophisticated replacement and/or scale-down policies.
-->
ReplicationController 只需确保所需的 pod 数量与其标签选择器匹配,并且是可操作的。
目前,它的计数中只排除终止的 pod。
未来,可能会考虑系统提供的[就绪状态](http://issue.k8s.io/620)和其他信息,我们可能会对替换策略添加更多控制,我们计划发出事件,这些事件可以被外部客户端用来实现任意复杂的替换和/或缩减策略。
<!--
The ReplicationController is forever constrained to this narrow responsibility. It itself will not perform readiness nor liveness probes. Rather than performing auto-scaling, it is intended to be controlled by an external auto-scaler (as discussed in [#492](http://issue.k8s.io/492)), which would change its `replicas` field. We will not add scheduling policies (for example, [spreading](http://issue.k8s.io/367#issuecomment-48428019)) to the ReplicationController. Nor should it verify that the pods controlled match the currently specified template, as that would obstruct auto-sizing and other automated processes. Similarly, completion deadlines, ordering dependencies, configuration expansion, and other features belong elsewhere. We even plan to factor out the mechanism for bulk pod creation ([#170](http://issue.k8s.io/170)).
-->
ReplicationController 永远被限制在这个狭隘的职责范围内。
它本身既不执行就绪态探测,也不执行活跃性探测。
它不负责执行自动缩放,而是由外部自动缩放器控制(如[#492](http://issue.k8s.io/492)中所述),后者负责更改其 `replicas` 字段值。
它不负责执行自动缩放,而是由外部自动缩放器控制(如 [#492](http://issue.k8s.io/492) 中所述),后者负责更改其 `replicas` 字段值。
我们不会向 ReplicationController 添加调度策略(例如,[spreading](http://issue.k8s.io/367#issuecomment-48428019))。
它也不应该验证所控制的 pod 是否与当前指定的模板匹配,因为这会阻碍自动调整大小和其他自动化过程。
类似地,完成期限、整理依赖关系、配置扩展和其他特性也属于其他地方。
我们甚至计划考虑批量创建 pod 的机制([#170](http://issue.k8s.io/170))。
我们甚至计划考虑批量创建 pod 的机制(查阅 [#170](http://issue.k8s.io/170))。
<!--
The ReplicationController is intended to be a composable building-block primitive. We expect higher-level APIs and/or tools to be built on top of it and other complementary primitives for user convenience in the future. The "macro" operations currently supported by kubectl (run, scale, rolling-update) are proof-of-concept examples of this. For instance, we could imagine something like [Asgard](http://techblog.netflix.com/2012/06/asgard-web-based-cloud-management-and.html) managing ReplicationControllers, auto-scalers, services, scheduling policies, canaries, etc.
-->
ReplicationController 旨在成为可组合的构建基元。
我们希望在它和其他补充原语的基础上构建更高级别的 API 和/或工具,以便于将来的用户使用。
Kubectl 目前支持的“宏”操作(运行、缩放、滚动更新)就是这方面的概念示例。
我们希望在它和其他补充原语的基础上构建更高级别的 API 或工具,以便于将来的用户使用。
kubectl 目前支持的 "macro" 操作(运行、缩放、滚动更新)就是这方面的概念示例。
例如,我们可以想象类似于 [Asgard](http://techblog.netflix.com/2012/06/asgaard-web-based-cloud-management-and.html) 的东西管理 ReplicationController、自动定标器、服务、调度策略、 canary 等。
<!--
@@ -504,7 +521,7 @@ because unlike `kubectl rolling-update`, they are declarative, server-side, and
Unlike in the case where a user directly created pods, a ReplicationController replaces pods that are deleted or terminated for any reason, such as in the case of node failure or disruptive node maintenance, such as a kernel upgrade. For this reason, we recommend that you use a ReplicationController even if your application requires only a single pod. Think of it similarly to a process supervisor, only it supervises multiple pods across multiple nodes instead of individual processes on a single node. A ReplicationController delegates local container restarts to some agent on the node (for example, Kubelet or Docker).
-->
### 裸 Pods
### 裸 Pod
与用户直接创建 pod 的情况不同,ReplicationController 能够替换因某些原因被删除或被终止的 pod ,例如在节点故障或中断节点维护的情况下,例如内核升级。
因此,我们建议您使用 ReplicationController,即使您的应用程序只需要一个 pod。
@@ -532,7 +549,7 @@ safe to terminate when the machine is otherwise ready to be rebooted/shutdown.
### DaemonSet
对于提供机器级功能(例如机器监控或机器日志记录)的 pod ,使用 [`DaemonSet`](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/daemonset/) 而不是 ReplicationController。
这些 pod 的生命期与机器的生命期绑定:它们需要在其他 pod 启动之前在机器上运行,并且在机器准备重新启动/关闭时安全地终止。
这些 pod 的生命期与机器的生命期绑定:它们需要在其他 pod 启动之前在机器上运行,并且在机器准备重新启动或者关闭时安全地终止。
<!--
## For more information
@@ -1,11 +1,4 @@
---
reviewers:
- enisoc
- erictune
- foxish
- janetkuo
- kow3ns
- smarterclayton
title: StatefulSets
content_template: templates/concept
weight: 40
@@ -34,13 +27,6 @@ StatefulSet is the workload API object used to manage stateful applications.
StatefulSet 是用来管理有状态应用的工作负载 API 对象。
{{< note >}}
<!--**Note:** StatefulSets are stable (GA) in 1.9.-->
**注意** StatefulSets 是在 1.9 版本中正式发布的。
{{< /note >}}
{{< glossary_definition term_id="statefulset" length="all" >}}
{{% /capture %}}
@@ -48,15 +34,27 @@ StatefulSet 是用来管理有状态应用的工作负载 API 对象。
<!--
## Using StatefulSets
-->
## 使用 StatefulSets
<!--
StatefulSets are valuable for applications that require one or more of the
following.
-->
StatefulSets 对于需要满足以下一个或多个需求的应用程序很有价值:
<!--
* Stable, unique network identifiers.
* Stable, persistent storage.
* Ordered, graceful deployment and scaling.
* Ordered, automated rolling updates.
-->
* 稳定的、唯一的网络标识符。
* 稳定的、持久的存储。
* 有序的、优雅的部署和缩放。
* 有序的、自动的滚动更新。
<!--
In the above, stable is synonymous with persistence across Pod (re)scheduling.
If an application doesn't require any stable identifiers or ordered deployment,
deletion, or scaling, you should deploy your application using a workload object
@@ -64,21 +62,14 @@ that provides a set of stateless replicas.
[Deployment](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/) or
[ReplicaSet](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicaset/) may be better suited to your stateless needs.
-->
## 使用 StatefulSets
StatefulSets 对于需要满足以下一个或多个需求的应用程序很有价值:
* 稳定的、唯一的网络标识符。
* 稳定的、持久的存储。
* 有序的、优雅的部署和缩放。
* 有序的、自动的滚动更新。
在上面,稳定意味着 Pod 调度或重调度的整个过程是有持久性的。如果应用程序不需要任何稳定的标识符或有序的部署、删除或伸缩,则应该使用由一组无状态的副本控制器提供的工作负载来部署应用程序,比如 [Deployment](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/) 或者 [ReplicaSet](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicaset/) 可能更适用于您的无状态需要。
在上面,稳定意味着 Pod 调度或重调度的整个过程是有持久性的。如果应用程序不需要任何稳定的标识符或有序的部署、删除或伸缩,则应该使用由一组无状态的副本控制器提供的工作负载来部署应用程序,比如 [Deployment](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/) 或者 [ReplicaSet](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicaset/) 可能更适用于您的无状态应用部署需要。
<!--
## Limitations
-->
## 限制
<!--
* The storage for a given Pod must either be provisioned by a [PersistentVolume Provisioner](https://github.com/kubernetes/examples/tree/{{< param "githubbranch" >}}/staging/persistent-volume-provisioning/README.md) based on the requested `storage class`, or pre-provisioned by an admin.
* Deleting and/or scaling a StatefulSet down will *not* delete the volumes associated with the StatefulSet. This is done to ensure data safety, which is generally more valuable than an automatic purge of all related StatefulSet resources.
* StatefulSets currently require a [Headless Service](/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#headless-services) to be responsible for the network identity of the Pods. You are responsible for creating this Service.
@@ -87,13 +78,9 @@ StatefulSets 对于需要满足以下一个或多个需求的应用程序很有
[Pod Management Policy](#pod-management-policies) (`OrderedReady`),
it's possible to get into a broken state that requires
[manual intervention to repair](#forced-rollback).
-->
## 限制
* 给定 Pod 的存储必须由 [PersistentVolume 驱动](https://github.com/kubernetes/examples/tree/{{< param "githubbranch" >}}/staging/persistent-volume-provisioning/README.md) 基于所请求的 `storage class` 来提供,或者由管理员预先提供。
* 删除和/或收缩 StatefulSet 并*不会*删除它关联的存储卷。这样做是为了保证数据安全,它通常比自动清除 StatefulSet 所有相关的资源更有价值。
* 删除或收缩 StatefulSet 并*不会*删除它关联的存储卷。这样做是为了保证数据安全,它通常比自动清除 StatefulSet 所有相关的资源更有价值。
* StatefulSet 当前需要 [headless 服务](/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#headless-services) 来负责 Pod 的网络标识。您需要负责创建此服务。
* 当删除 StatefulSets 时,StatefulSet 不提供任何终止 Pod 的保证。为了实现 StatefulSet 中的 Pod 可以有序和优雅的终止,可以在删除之前将 StatefulSet 缩放为 0。
* 在默认 [Pod 管理策略](#pod-management-policies)(`OrderedReady`) 时使用 [滚动更新](#rolling-updates),可能进入需要 [人工干预](#forced-rollback) 才能修复的损坏状态。
@@ -101,20 +88,11 @@ StatefulSets 对于需要满足以下一个或多个需求的应用程序很有
<!--
## Components
The example below demonstrates the components of a StatefulSet.
* A Headless Service, named nginx, is used to control the network domain.
* The StatefulSet, named web, has a Spec that indicates that 3 replicas of the nginx container will be launched in unique Pods.
* The volumeClaimTemplates will provide stable storage using [PersistentVolumes](/docs/concepts/storage/persistent-volumes/) provisioned by a PersistentVolume Provisioner.
-->
## 组件
下面的示例演示了 StatefulSet 的组件。
* 名为 nginx 的无头服务用来控制网络域。
* 名为 web 的 StatefulSet 有一个 Spec,它表明将在单个 Pod 中启动 nginx 容器的 3 个副本。
* volumeClaimTemplates 将通过 [PersistentVolumes](/docs/concepts/storage/persistent-volumes/) 驱动提供的 PersistentVolume 来提供稳定的存储。
```yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
@@ -166,39 +144,54 @@ spec:
storage: 1Gi
```
<!--
* A Headless Service, named `nginx`, is used to control the network domain.
* The StatefulSet, named `web`, has a Spec that indicates that 3 replicas of the nginx container will be launched in unique Pods.
* The `volumeClaimTemplates` will provide stable storage using [PersistentVolumes](/docs/concepts/storage/persistent-volumes/) provisioned by a PersistentVolume Provisioner.
-->
* 名为 `nginx` 的 Headless Service 用来控制网络域名。
* 名为 `web` 的 StatefulSet 有一个 Spec,它表明将在独立的 3 个 Pod 副本中启动 nginx 容器。
* `volumeClaimTemplates` 将通过 PersistentVolumes 驱动提供的 [PersistentVolumes](/docs/concepts/storage/persistent-volumes/) 来提供稳定的存储。
<!--
## Pod Selector
-->
## Pod 选择器 {#pod-selector}
<!--
You must set the `.spec.selector` field of a StatefulSet to match the labels of its `.spec.template.metadata.labels`. Prior to Kubernetes 1.8, the `.spec.selector` field was defaulted when omitted. In 1.8 and later versions, failing to specify a matching Pod Selector will result in a validation error during StatefulSet creation.
-->
## Pod 选择器
您必须设置 StatefulSet 的 `.spec.selector` 字段来匹配它的`.spec.template.metadata.labels`标签。在 Kubernetes 1.8 版本之前,忽略`.spec.selector` 字段会提供默认设置。在 1.8 和以后的版本中,指定的 Pod 选择器匹配失败将在创建 StatefulSet 期间导致验证错误。
您必须设置 StatefulSet 的 `.spec.selector` 字段,使之匹配其在 `.spec.template.metadata.labels` 中设置的标签。在 Kubernetes 1.8 版本之前,被忽略 `.spec.selector` 字段会获得默认设置值。在 1.8 和以后的版本中,未指定匹配的 Pod 选择器将在创建 StatefulSet 期间导致验证错误。
<!--
## Pod Identity
-->
## Pod 标识
<!--
StatefulSet Pods have a unique identity that is comprised of an ordinal, a
stable network identity, and stable storage. The identity sticks to the Pod,
regardless of which node it's (re)scheduled on.
-->
## Pod 的身份
StatefulSet Pod 具有唯一的标识,该标识包括顺序标识、稳定的网络标识和稳定的存储。该标识和 Pod 是绑定的,不管它被调度在哪个节点上。
<!--
### Ordinal Index
-->
### 有序索引
<!--
For a StatefulSet with N replicas, each Pod in the StatefulSet will be
assigned an integer ordinal, from 0 up through N-1, that is unique over the Set.
-->
### 有序索引
对于具有 N 个副本的 StatefulSetStatefulSet 中的每个 Pod 将被分配一个整数序号,从 0 到 N-1,该序号在 StatefulSet 上是唯一的。
<!--
### Stable Network ID
-->
### 稳定的网络 ID
<!--
Each Pod in a StatefulSet derives its hostname from the name of the StatefulSet
and the ordinal of the Pod. The pattern for the constructed hostname
is `$(statefulset name)-$(ordinal)`. The example above will create three Pods
@@ -211,14 +204,10 @@ As each Pod is created, it gets a matching DNS subdomain, taking the form:
`$(podname).$(governing service domain)`, where the governing service is defined
by the `serviceName` field on the StatefulSet.
-->
### 稳定的网络 ID
StatefulSet 中的每个 Pod 根据 StatefulSet 的名称和 Pod 的序号派生出它的主机名。组合主机名的格式为`$(statefulset name)-$(ordinal)`。上例将会创建三个名称为`web-0,web-1,web-2`的三个 Pod。
StatefulSet 中的每个 Pod 根据 StatefulSet 的名称和 Pod 的序号派生出它的主机名。组合主机名的格式为`$(StatefulSet 名称)-$(序号)`。上例将会创建三个名称分别为 `web-0、web-1、web-2` 的 Pod。
StatefulSet 可以使用 [headless 服务](/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#headless-services) 控制它的 Pod 的网络域。管理域的这个服务的格式为:
`$(service name).$(namespace).svc.cluster.local`,其中`cluster.local`是集群域。
一旦每个 Pod 创建成功,就会得到一个匹配的 DNS 子域,格式为:`$(podname).$(governing service domain)`,其中管理服务由 StatefulSet 的 `serviceName` 域来定
`$(服务名称).$(命名空间).svc.cluster.local`,其中 `cluster.local` 是集群域。
一旦每个 Pod 创建成功,就会得到一个匹配的 DNS 子域,格式为:`$(pod 名称).$(所属服务的 DNS 域名)`,其中所属服务由 StatefulSet 的 `serviceName` 域来定。
<!--
Here are some examples of choices for Cluster Domain, Service name,
@@ -233,19 +222,20 @@ Cluster Domain | Service (ns/name) | StatefulSet (ns/name) | StatefulSet Domain
cluster.local | foo/nginx | foo/web | nginx.foo.svc.cluster.local | web-{0..N-1}.nginx.foo.svc.cluster.local | web-{0..N-1} |
kube.local | foo/nginx | foo/web | nginx.foo.svc.kube.local | web-{0..N-1}.nginx.foo.svc.kube.local | web-{0..N-1} |
{{< note >}}
<!--
**Note:** Cluster Domain will be set to `cluster.local` unless
Cluster Domain will be set to `cluster.local` unless
[otherwise configured](/docs/concepts/services-networking/dns-pod-service/#how-it-works).
-->
**注意** 集群域会被设置为 `cluster.local` 除非有[其他配置](/docs/concepts/services-networking/dns-pod-service/#how-it-works)。
{{< note >}}
集群域会被设置为 `cluster.local`,除非有[其他配置](/docs/concepts/services-networking/dns-pod-service/#how-it-works)。
{{< /note >}}
<!--
### Stable Storage
-->
### 稳定的存储
<!--
Kubernetes creates one [PersistentVolume](/docs/concepts/storage/persistent-volumes/) for each
VolumeClaimTemplate. In the nginx example above, each Pod will receive a single PersistentVolume
with a StorageClass of `my-storage-class` and 1 Gib of provisioned storage. If no StorageClass
@@ -255,38 +245,34 @@ PersistentVolume Claims. Note that, the PersistentVolumes associated with the
Pods' PersistentVolume Claims are not deleted when the Pods, or StatefulSet are deleted.
This must be done manually.
-->
### 稳定的存储
Kubernetes 为每个 VolumeClaimTemplate 创建一个 [PersistentVolume](/docs/concepts/storage/persistent-volumes/)。在上面的 nginx 示例中,每个 Pod 将会得到基于 StorageClass `my-storage-class` 提供的 1 Gib 的 PersistentVolume。如果没有声明 StorageClass,就会使用默认的 StorageClass。当一个 Pod 被安排到节点上时,它的 `volumeMounts` 挂载了与其 PersistentVolumeClaims 相关联的 PersistentVolume。请注意,当 Pod 或者 StatefulSet 被删除时,与 PersistentVolumeClaims 相关联的 PersistentVolume 并不会被删除。要删除它必须通过手动方式来完成。
Kubernetes 为每个 VolumeClaimTemplate 创建一个 [PersistentVolume](/docs/concepts/storage/persistent-volumes/)。在上面的 nginx 示例中,每个 Pod 将会得到基于 StorageClass `my-storage-class` 提供的 1 Gib 的 PersistentVolume。如果没有声明 StorageClass,就会使用默认的 StorageClass。当一个 Pod 被调度(重新调度)到节点上时,它的 `volumeMounts` 会挂载与其 PersistentVolumeClaims 相关联的 PersistentVolume。请注意,当 Pod 或者 StatefulSet 被删除时,与 PersistentVolumeClaims 相关联的 PersistentVolume 并不会被删除。要删除它必须通过手动方式来完成。
<!--
### Pod Name Label
-->
### Pod 名称标签
<!--
When the StatefulSet {{< glossary_tooltip term_id="controller" >}} creates a Pod,
it adds a label, `statefulset.kubernetes.io/pod-name`, that is set to the name of
the Pod. This label allows you to attach a Service to a specific Pod in
the StatefulSet.
-->
### Pod 名称标签
当 StatefulSet {{< glossary_tooltip term_id="controller" >}} 创建 Pod 时,它会添加一个标签 `statefulset.kubernetes.io/pod-name`,该标签设置为 Pod 名称。这个标签允许您给 StatefulSet 中的特定 Pod 绑定一个 Service。
<!--
## Deployment and Scaling Guarantees
-->
## 部署和扩缩保证
<!--
* For a StatefulSet with N replicas, when Pods are being deployed, they are created sequentially, in order from {0..N-1}.
* When Pods are being deleted, they are terminated in reverse order, from {N-1..0}.
* Before a scaling operation is applied to a Pod, all of its predecessors must be Running and Ready.
* Before a Pod is terminated, all of its successors must be completely shutdown.
-->
## 部署和伸缩保证
* 对于包含 N 个 副本的 StatefulSet,当部署 Pod 时,它们是依次创建的,顺序为`0..N-1`
* 当删除 Pod 时,它们是逆序终止的,顺序为`N-1..0`
* 对于包含 N 个 副本的 StatefulSet,当部署 Pod 时,它们是依次创建的,顺序为 `0..N-1`
* 当删除 Pod 时,它们是逆序终止的,顺序为 `N-1..0`
* 在将缩放操作应用到 Pod 之前,它前面的所有 Pod 必须是 Running 和 Ready 状态。
* 在 Pod 终止之前,所有的继任者必须完全关闭。
@@ -294,7 +280,7 @@ the StatefulSet.
The StatefulSet should not specify a `pod.Spec.TerminationGracePeriodSeconds` of 0. This practice is unsafe and strongly discouraged. For further explanation, please refer to [force deleting StatefulSet Pods](/docs/tasks/run-application/force-delete-stateful-set-pod/).
-->
StatefulSet 不应该声明 `pod.Spec.TerminationGracePeriodSeconds` 为 0。这种做法是不安全的,要强烈阻止。更多的解释请参考 [强制删除 StatefulSet Pods](/docs/tasks/run-application/force-delete-stateful-set-pod/)。
StatefulSet 不应 `pod.Spec.TerminationGracePeriodSeconds` 设置为 0。这种做法是不安全的,要强烈阻止。更多的解释请参考 [强制删除 StatefulSet Pod](/docs/tasks/run-application/force-delete-stateful-set-pod/)。
<!--
When the nginx example above is created, three Pods will be deployed in the order
@@ -315,67 +301,76 @@ is completely shutdown, but prior to web-1's termination, web-1 would not be ter
until web-0 is Running and Ready.
-->
如果用户想将示例中的 StatefulSet 收缩为 `replicas=1`,首先被终止的是 web-2。在 web-2 没有被完全停止和删除前,web-1 不会被终止。当 web-2 已被终止和删除、web-1 尚未被终止,如果在此期间发生 web-0 运行失败,那么就不会终止 web-1,必须等到 web-0 进入 Running 和 Ready 状态后才会终止 web-1。
如果用户想将示例中的 StatefulSet 收缩为 `replicas=1`,首先被终止的是 web-2。在 web-2 没有被完全停止和删除前,web-1 不会被终止。当 web-2 已被终止和删除、web-1 尚未被终止,如果在此期间发生 web-0 运行失败,那么就不会终止 web-1,必须等到 web-0 进入 Running 和 Ready 状态后才会终止 web-1。
<!--
### Pod Management Policies
-->
### Pod 管理策略 {#pod-management-policies}
<!--
In Kubernetes 1.7 and later, StatefulSet allows you to relax its ordering guarantees while
preserving its uniqueness and identity guarantees via its `.spec.podManagementPolicy` field.
-->
在 Kubernetes 1.7 及以后的版本中,StatefulSet 允许您不要求其排序保证,同时通过它的 `.spec.podManagementPolicy` 域保持其唯一性和身份保证。
在 Kubernetes 1.7 及以后的版本中,StatefulSet 允许您放宽其排序保证,同时通过它的 `.spec.podManagementPolicy` 域保持其唯一性和身份保证。
<!--
#### OrderedReady Pod Management
-->
#### OrderedReady Pod 管理
<!--
`OrderedReady` pod management is the default for StatefulSets. It implements the behavior
described [above](#deployment-and-scaling-guarantees).
-->
`OrderedReady` Pod 管理是 StatefulSet 的默认设置。它实现了[上面](#deployment-and-scaling-guarantees)描述的功能。
<!--
#### Parallel Pod Management
-->
#### Parallel Pod 管理
<!--
`Parallel` pod management tells the StatefulSet controller to launch or
terminate all Pods in parallel, and to not wait for Pods to become Running
and Ready or completely terminated prior to launching or terminating another
Pod.
-->
### Pod 管理策略 {#pod-management-policies}
在 Kubernetes 1.7 及以后的版本中,StatefulSet 允许您放松其排序保证,同时通过它的 `.spec.podManagementPolicy` 域保持其唯一性和身份保证。
#### 有序的 Pod 管理
`有序的` Pod 管理是 StatefulSet 的默认功能。它实现了 [上面](#deployment-and-scaling-guarantees)描述的行为。
#### 并行的 Pod 管理
`并行` Pod 管理让 StatefulSet 控制器并行的启动或终止所有的 Pod,启动或者终止其他 Pod 前,无需等待 Pod 进入 Running 和 ready 或者完全停止状态。
`Parallel` Pod 管理让 StatefulSet 控制器并行的启动或终止所有的 Pod,启动或者终止其他 Pod 前,无需等待 Pod 进入 Running 和 ready 或者完全停止状态。
<!--
## Update Strategies
-->
## 更新策略
<!--
In Kubernetes 1.7 and later, StatefulSet's `.spec.updateStrategy` field allows you to configure
and disable automated rolling updates for containers, labels, resource request/limits, and
annotations for the Pods in a StatefulSet.
-->
## 更新策略
在 Kubernetes 1.7 及以后的版本中,StatefulSet 的 `.spec.updateStrategy` 字段让您可以配置和禁用掉自动滚动更新 Pod 的容器、标签、资源请求/限制、以及注解。
在 Kubernetes 1.7 及以后的版本中,StatefulSet 的 `.spec.updateStrategy` 字段让您可以配置和禁用掉自动滚动更新 Pod 的容器、标签、资源请求或限制、以及注解。
<!--
### On Delete
-->
### 关于删除策略
<!--
The `OnDelete` update strategy implements the legacy (1.6 and prior) behavior. When a StatefulSet's
`.spec.updateStrategy.type` is set to `OnDelete`, the StatefulSet controller will not automatically
update the Pods in a StatefulSet. Users must manually delete Pods to cause the controller to
create new Pods that reflect modifications made to a StatefulSet's `.spec.template`.
-->
### On Delete
`OnDelete` 更新策略实现了 1.6 及以前版本的历史遗留行为。当 StatefulSet 的 `.spec.updateStrategy.type` 设置为 `OnDelete` 时,它的控制器将不会自动更新 StatefulSet 中的 Pod。用户必须手动删除 Pod 以便让控制器创建新的 Pod,以此来对 StatefulSet 的 `.spec.template` 的变动作出反应。
<!--
### Rolling Updates
-->
### 滚动更新 {#rolling-updates}
<!--
The `RollingUpdate` update strategy implements automated, rolling update for the Pods in a
StatefulSet. It is the default strategy when `.spec.updateStrategy` is left unspecified. When a StatefulSet's `.spec.updateStrategy.type` is set to `RollingUpdate`, the
StatefulSet controller will delete and recreate each Pod in the StatefulSet. It will proceed
@@ -383,16 +378,16 @@ in the same order as Pod termination (from the largest ordinal to the smallest),
each Pod one at a time. It will wait until an updated Pod is Running and Ready prior to
updating its predecessor.
-->
### 滚动更新 {#rolling-updates}
`RollingUpdate` 更新策略对 StatefulSet 中的 Pod 执行自动的滚动更新。在没有声明`.spec.updateStrategy`时,`RollingUpdate`是默认配置。
`RollingUpdate` 更新策略对 StatefulSet 中的 Pod 执行自动的滚动更新。在没有声明 `.spec.updateStrategy` 时,`RollingUpdate` 是默认配置。
当 StatefulSet 的 `.spec.updateStrategy.type` 被设置为 `RollingUpdate` 时,StatefulSet 控制器会删除和重建 StatefulSet 中的每个 Pod。
它将按照与 Pod 终止相同的顺序(从最大序号到最小序号)进行,每次更新一个 Pod。它会等到被更新的 Pod 进入 Running 和 Ready 状态,然后再更新其前身。
<!--
#### Partitions
-->
#### 分区
<!--
The `RollingUpdate` update strategy can be partitioned, by specifying a
`.spec.updateStrategy.rollingUpdate.partition`. If a partition is specified, all Pods with an
ordinal that is greater than or equal to the partition will be updated when the StatefulSet's
@@ -403,15 +398,15 @@ updates to its `.spec.template` will not be propagated to its Pods.
In most cases you will not need to use a partition, but they are useful if you want to stage an
update, roll out a canary, or perform a phased roll out.
-->
#### 分区
通过声明 `.spec.updateStrategy.rollingUpdate.partition`的方式,`RollingUpdate`更新策略可以实现分区。如果声明了一个分区,当 StatefulSet 的`.spec.template` 被更新时,所有序号大于等于该分区序号的 Pod 都会被更新。所有序号小于该分区序号的 Pod 都不会被更新,并且,即使他们被删除也会依据之前的版本进行重建。如果 StatefulSet 的 `.spec.updateStrategy.rollingUpdate.partition` 大于它的 `.spec.replicas`,对它的 `.spec.template` 的更新将不会传递到它的 Pod。
通过声明 `.spec.updateStrategy.rollingUpdate.partition` 的方式,`RollingUpdate` 更新策略可以实现分区。如果声明了一个分区,当 StatefulSet 的 `.spec.template` 被更新时,所有序号大于等于该分区序号的 Pod 都会被更新。所有序号小于该分区序号的 Pod 都不会被更新,并且,即使他们被删除也会依据之前的版本进行重建。如果 StatefulSet 的 `.spec.updateStrategy.rollingUpdate.partition` 大于它的 `.spec.replicas`,对它的 `.spec.template` 的更新将不会传递到它的 Pod。
在大多数情况下,您不需要使用分区,但如果您希望进行阶段更新、执行金丝雀或执行分阶段展开,则这些分区会非常有用。
<!--
#### Forced Rollback
-->
#### 强制回滚 {#forced-rollback}
<!--
When using [Rolling Updates](#rolling-updates) with the default
[Pod Management Policy](#pod-management-policies) (`OrderedReady`),
it's possible to get into a broken state that requires manual intervention to repair.
@@ -430,14 +425,11 @@ After reverting the template, you must also delete any Pods that StatefulSet had
already attempted to run with the bad configuration.
StatefulSet will then begin to recreate the Pods using the reverted template.
-->
#### 强制回滚 {#forced-rollback}
在默认 [Pod 管理策略](#pod-management-policies)(`OrderedReady`) 时使用 [滚动更新](#rolling-updates) ,可能进入需要人工干预才能修复的损坏状态。
如果更新后 Pod 模板配置进入无法运行或就绪的状态(例如,由于错误的二进制文件或应用程序级配置错误),StatefulSet 将停止回滚并等待。
在这种状态下,仅将 Pod 模板还原为正确的配置是不够的。由于 [已知问题](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/67250)
StatefulSet 将继续等待损坏状态的 Pod 准备就绪(永远不会发生),然后再尝试将其恢复为正常工作配置。
在这种状态下,仅将 Pod 模板还原为正确的配置是不够的。由于[已知问题](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/67250)StatefulSet 将继续等待损坏状态的 Pod 准备就绪(永远不会发生),然后再尝试将其恢复为正常工作配置。
恢复模板后,还必须删除 StatefulSet 尝试使用错误的配置来运行的 Pod。这样,StatefulSet 才会开始使用被还原的模板来重新创建 Pod。
@@ -447,11 +439,12 @@ StatefulSet 将继续等待损坏状态的 Pod 准备就绪(永远不会发生
<!--
* Follow an example of [deploying a stateful application](/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/basic-stateful-set/).
* Follow an example of [deploying Cassandra with Stateful Sets](/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/cassandra/).
* Follow an example of [running a replicated stateful application](/docs/tasks/run-application/run-replicated-stateful-application/).
-->
* 示例一:[部署有状态应用](/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/basic-stateful-set/)。
* 示例二:[使用 StatefulSet 部署 Cassandra](/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/cassandra/)。
* 示例三:[运行多副本的有状态应用程序](/docs/tasks/run-application/run-replicated-stateful-application/)。
{{% /capture %}}
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
---
reviewers:
- janetkuo
title: 已完成资源的 TTL 控制器
content_template: templates/concept
weight: 65
@@ -20,15 +18,20 @@ weight: 65
{{< feature-state for_k8s_version="v1.12" state="alpha" >}}
<!--
The TTL controller provides a TTL mechanism to limit the lifetime of resource objects that have finished execution. TTL controller only handles[Jobs](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/jobs-run-to-completion/) for now, and may be expanded to handle other resources that will finish execution,such as Pods and custom resources.
The TTL controller provides a TTL mechanism to limit the lifetime of resource
objects that have finished execution. TTL controller only handles
[Jobs](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/jobs-run-to-completion/) for
now, and may be expanded to handle other resources that will finish execution,
such as Pods and custom resources.
-->
TTL 控制器提供了一种 TTL 机制来限制已完成执行的资源对象的生命周期。TTL 控制器目前只处理[作业](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/jobs-run-to-completion/),可能以后会扩展以处理将完成执行的其他资源,例如 Pod 和自定义资源。
TTL 控制器提供了一种 TTL 机制来限制已完成执行的资源对象的生命周期。TTL 控制器目前只处理 [Job](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/jobs-run-to-completion/),可能以后会扩展以处理将完成执行的其他资源,例如 Pod 和自定义资源。
<!--
Alpha Disclaimer: this feature is currently alpha, and can be enabled with[feature gate](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/)`TTLAfterFinished`.
Alpha Disclaimer: this feature is currently alpha, and can be enabled with both kube-apiserver and kube-controller-manager
[feature gate](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/)
`TTLAfterFinished`.
-->
Alpha 免责声明:此功能目前是 alpha 版,可以通过[feature gate](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/) `TTLAfterFinished` 启用。
Alpha 免责声明:此功能目前是 alpha 版,并且可以通过 kube-apiserver 和 kube-controller-manager [特性开关](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/) `TTLAfterFinished` 启用。
{{% /capture %}}
@@ -41,16 +44,24 @@ Alpha 免责声明:此功能目前是 alpha 版,可以通过[feature gate](/
## TTL 控制器
<!--
The TTL controller only supports Jobs for now. A cluster operator can use this feature to cleanup finished Jobs (either `Complete` or `Failed`) automatically by specifying the`.spec.ttlSecondsAfterFinished` field of a Job, as in this[example](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/jobs-run-to-completion/#clean-up-finished-jobs-automatically).
The TTL controller only supports Jobs for now. A cluster operator can use this feature to clean
up finished Jobs (either `Complete` or `Failed`) automatically by specifying the
`.spec.ttlSecondsAfterFinished` field of a Job, as in this
[example](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/jobs-run-to-completion/#clean-up-finished-jobs-automatically).
-->
TTL 控制器现在只支持 Jobs。集群操作员可以通过指定 Job 的 `.spec.ttlSecondsAfterFinished` 字段来自动清理已结束的作业(“完成”或“失败”),就像下边的[示例](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/jobs-run-to-completion/#clean-up-finished-jobs-automatically)。
TTL 控制器现在只支持 Job。集群操作员可以通过指定 Job 的 `.spec.ttlSecondsAfterFinished` 字段来自动清理已结束的作业(`Complete``Failed`),如下所示的[示例](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/jobs-run-to-completion/#clean-up-finished-jobs-automatically)。
<!--
The TTL controller will assume that a resource is eligible to be cleaned upTTL seconds after the resource has finished, in other words, when the TTL has expired. When the TTL controller cleans up a resource, it will delete it cascadingly, i.e. delete its dependent objects together with it. Note that when the resource is deleted,its lifecycle guarantees, such as finalizers, will be honored.
The TTL controller will assume that a resource is eligible to be cleaned up
TTL seconds after the resource has finished, in other words, when the TTL has expired. When the
TTL controller cleans up a resource, it will delete it cascadingly, i.e. delete
its dependent objects together with it. Note that when the resource is deleted,
its lifecycle guarantees, such as finalizers, will be honored.
-->
TTL 控制器假设资源能在执行完成后的 TTL 秒内被清理,也就是当 TTL 过期后。当 TTL 控制器清理资源时,它将做级联删除,即删除资源对象的同时也删除其依赖对象。注意,当资源被删除时,由该资源的生命周期保证其终结器(finalizers)等被执行。
TTL 控制器假设资源能在执行完成后的 TTL 秒内被清理,也就是当 TTL 过期后。当 TTL 控制器清理资源时,它将做级联删除操作,如删除资源对象的同时也删除其依赖对象。注意,当资源被删除时,由该资源的生命周期保证其终结器(finalizers)等被执行。
<!--
The TTL seconds can be set at any time. Here are some examples for setting the`.spec.ttlSecondsAfterFinished` field of a Job:
The TTL seconds can be set at any time. Here are some examples for setting the
`.spec.ttlSecondsAfterFinished` field of a Job:
-->
可以随时设置 TTL 秒。以下是设置 Job 的 `.spec.ttlSecondsAfterFinished` 字段的一些示例:
@@ -68,9 +79,9 @@ The TTL seconds can be set at any time. Here are some examples for setting the`.
to set this field dynamically after the resource has finished, and choose
different TTL values based on resource status, labels, etc.
-->
* 在资源清单(manifest)中指定此字段,以便作业在完成后的某个时间被自动清除。
* 在资源清单(manifest)中指定此字段,以便 Job 在完成后的某个时间被自动清除。
* 将此字段设置为存在的、已完成的资源,以采用此新功能。
* 在资源创建时使用 [mutating admission webhook](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/extensible-admission-controllers/#admission-webhooks) 动态设置该字段。集群管理员可以使用它对完成的资源强制执行 TTL 策略。
* 在创建资源时使用 [mutating admission webhook](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/extensible-admission-controllers/#admission-webhooks) 动态设置该字段。集群管理员可以使用它对完成的资源强制执行 TTL 策略。
* 使用 [mutating admission webhook](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/extensible-admission-controllers/#admission-webhooks) 在资源完成后动态设置该字段,并根据资源状态、标签等选择不同的 TTL 值。
<!--
@@ -84,9 +95,13 @@ The TTL seconds can be set at any time. Here are some examples for setting the`.
### 更新 TTL 秒
<!--
Note that the TTL period, e.g. `.spec.ttlSecondsAfterFinished` field of Jobs,can be modified after the resource is created or has finished. However, once the Job becomes eligible to be deleted (when the TTL has expired), the system won't guarantee that the Jobs will be kept, even if an update to extend the TTL returns a successful API response.
Note that the TTL period, e.g. `.spec.ttlSecondsAfterFinished` field of Jobs,
can be modified after the resource is created or has finished. However, once the
Job becomes eligible to be deleted (when the TTL has expired), the system won't
guarantee that the Jobs will be kept, even if an update to extend the TTL
returns a successful API response.
-->
请注意,在创建资源或已经执行结束后,仍可以修改其 TTL 周期,例如作业`.spec.ttlSecondsAfterFinished` 字段。但是,一旦作业变为可被删除状态(当其 TTL 已过期时),即使您通过 API 扩展其 TTL 时长得到了成功的响应,系统也不保证作业将被保留。
请注意,在创建资源或已经执行结束后,仍可以修改其 TTL 周期,例如 Job `.spec.ttlSecondsAfterFinished` 字段。但是,一旦 Job 变为可被删除状态(当其 TTL 已过期时),即使您通过 API 扩展其 TTL 时长得到了成功的响应,系统也不保证 Job 将被保留。
<!--
### Time Skew
@@ -94,14 +109,20 @@ Note that the TTL period, e.g. `.spec.ttlSecondsAfterFinished` field of Jobs,can
### 时间偏差
<!--
Because TTL controller uses timestamps stored in the Kubernetes resources to determine whether the TTL has expired or not, this feature is sensitive to time skew in the cluster, which may cause TTL controller to clean up resource objects at the wrong time.
Because TTL controller uses timestamps stored in the Kubernetes resources to
determine whether the TTL has expired or not, this feature is sensitive to time
skew in the cluster, which may cause TTL controller to clean up resource objects
at the wrong time.
-->
由于 TTL 控制器使用存储在 Kubernetes 资源中的时间戳来确定 TTL 是否已过期,因此该功能对集群中的时间偏差很敏感,这可能导致 TTL 控制器在错误的时间清理资源对象。
<!--
In Kubernetes, it's required to run NTP on all nodes(see [#6159](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/6159#issuecomment-93844058))to avoid time skew. Clocks aren't always correct, but the difference should bevery small. Please be aware of this risk when setting a non-zero TTL.
In Kubernetes, it's required to run NTP on all nodes
(see [#6159](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/6159#issuecomment-93844058))
to avoid time skew. Clocks aren't always correct, but the difference should be
very small. Please be aware of this risk when setting a non-zero TTL.
-->
在 Kubernetes 中,需要在所有节点上运行 NTP(参见[#6159](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/6159#issuecomment-93844058))以避免时间偏差。时钟并不总是如此正确,但差异应该很小。设置非零 TTL 时请注意这种风险。
在 Kubernetes 中,需要在所有节点上运行 NTP(参见 [#6159](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/6159#issuecomment-93844058))以避免时间偏差。时钟并不总是如此正确,但差异应该很小。设置非零 TTL 时请注意避免这种风险。
{{% /capture %}}
@@ -110,7 +131,7 @@ In Kubernetes, it's required to run NTP on all nodes(see [#6159](https://github.
<!--
[Clean up Jobs automatically](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/jobs-run-to-completion/#clean-up-finished-jobs-automatically)
-->
[自动清理作业](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/jobs-run-to-completion/#clean-up-finished-jobs-automatically)
[自动清理 Job](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/jobs-run-to-completion/#clean-up-finished-jobs-automatically)
<!--
[Design doc](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/blob/master/keps/sig-apps/0026-ttl-after-finish.md)