zh-trans content/en/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/webhook.md (#11351)
* zh-trans content/en/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/webhook.md * Update webhook.md * Update webhook.md
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---
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title: Webhook 模式
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content_template: templates/concept
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weight: 95
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---
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<!--
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---
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reviewers:
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- erictune
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- lavalamp
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- deads2k
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- liggitt
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title: Webhook Mode
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content_template: templates/concept
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weight: 95
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---
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-->
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{{% capture overview %}}
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<!--
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A WebHook is an HTTP callback: an HTTP POST that occurs when something happens; a simple event-notification via HTTP POST. A web application implementing WebHooks will POST a message to a URL when certain things happen.
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-->
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WebHook 是一种 HTTP 回调：一种当有事情发生时的 HTTP POST 请求；一种基于 HTTP POST 方式完成的事件通知。实现了 WebHook 的 Web 应用会在特定事件发生时通过 POST 向某 URL 发送消息。
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{{% /capture %}}
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{{% capture body %}}
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<!--
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When specified, mode `Webhook` causes Kubernetes to query an outside REST
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service when determining user privileges.
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-->
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当 `Webhook` 模式被启用时，Kubernetes 会在需要确定用户权限时访问外部 REST 服务。
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<!--
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## Configuration File Format
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-->
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## 配置文件格式
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<!-- Mode `Webhook` requires a file for HTTP configuration, specify by the
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`--authorization-webhook-config-file=SOME_FILENAME` flag. -->
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`Webhook` 模式需要一个通过 `--authorization-webhook-config-file=SOME_FILENAME` 参数指定的 HTTP 配置文件。
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<!--
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The configuration file uses the [kubeconfig](/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/configure-access-multiple-clusters/)
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file format. Within the file "users" refers to the API Server webhook and
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"clusters" refers to the remote service.
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-->
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配置文件使用 [kubeconfig](/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/configure-access-multiple-clusters/) 文件格式。在文件中，"users" 对应 API 服务器 webhook，"clusters" 指远程服务。
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<!--
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A configuration example which uses HTTPS client auth:
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-->
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使用 HTTPS 客户端鉴权的配置文件示例：
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<!--
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```yaml
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# Kubernetes API version
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apiVersion: v1
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# kind of the API object
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kind: Config
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# clusters refers to the remote service.
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clusters:
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- name: name-of-remote-authz-service
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cluster:
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# CA for verifying the remote service.
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certificate-authority: /path/to/ca.pem
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# URL of remote service to query. Must use 'https'. May not include parameters.
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server: https://authz.example.com/authorize
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# users refers to the API Server's webhook configuration.
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users:
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- name: name-of-api-server
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user:
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client-certificate: /path/to/cert.pem # cert for the webhook plugin to use
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client-key: /path/to/key.pem # key matching the cert
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# kubeconfig files require a context. Provide one for the API Server.
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current-context: webhook
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contexts:
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- context:
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cluster: name-of-remote-authz-service
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user: name-of-api-server
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name: webhook
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```
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-->
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```yaml
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# Kubernetes API 版本
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apiVersion: v1
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# API 对象类型
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kind: Config
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# 远程服务对应的集群。
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clusters:
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- name: name-of-remote-authz-service
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cluster:
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# 远程服务验证所需 CA
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certificate-authority: /path/to/ca.pem
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# 用来访问远程服务的 URL。必须使用 'https'。不可以包含参数。
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server: https://authz.example.com/authorize
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# API 服务器的 webhook 配置对应的用户
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users:
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- name: name-of-api-server
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user:
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client-certificate: /path/to/cert.pem # webhook 插件所使用的证书
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client-key: /path/to/key.pem # 与证书对应的密钥
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# kubeconfig 文件所需上下文。提供给 API 服务器使用。
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current-context: webhook
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contexts:
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- context:
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cluster: name-of-remote-authz-service
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user: name-of-api-server
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name: webhook
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```
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<!--
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## Request Payloads
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-->
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## 请求的载荷
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<!--
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When faced with an authorization decision, the API Server POSTs a JSON-
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serialized `authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1` `SubjectAccessReview` object describing the
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action. This object contains fields describing the user attempting to make the
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request, and either details about the resource being accessed or requests
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attributes.
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-->
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鉴权时，API 服务器使用 POST 方式发送一条 JSON-序列化的 `authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1` `SubjectAccessReview` 对象来描述操作。此对象包含了描述发出请求的用户的字段，还包含了将要被访问的资源信息或请求属性。
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<!--
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Note that webhook API objects are subject to the same [versioning compatibility rules](/docs/concepts/overview/kubernetes-api/)
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as other Kubernetes API objects. Implementers should be aware of looser
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compatibility promises for beta objects and check the "apiVersion" field of the
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request to ensure correct deserialization. Additionally, the API Server must
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enable the `authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1` API extensions group (`--runtime-config=authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1=true`).
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-->
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请注意，webhook API 对象和其它 Kubernetes API 对象一样遵循[版本兼容性规则](/docs/concepts/overview/kubernetes-api/)。
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实现者应当注意 beta 版本对象的兼容性承诺是相当宽松的，并检查请求的 "apiVersion" 字段来保证正确的反序列化。此外，API服务器必须启用 `authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1` API 扩展组 (`--runtime-config=authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1=true`)。
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<!--
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An example request body:
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-->
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请求体示例：
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```json
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{
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"apiVersion": "authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1",
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"kind": "SubjectAccessReview",
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"spec": {
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"resourceAttributes": {
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"namespace": "kittensandponies",
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"verb": "get",
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"group": "unicorn.example.org",
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"resource": "pods"
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},
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"user": "jane",
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"group": [
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"group1",
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"group2"
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]
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}
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}
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```
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<!--
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The remote service is expected to fill the `status` field of
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the request and respond to either allow or disallow access. The response body's
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`spec` field is ignored and may be omitted. A permissive response would return:
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-->
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远程服务应当填写请求的 `status` 字段，并且返回是否允许访问的响应。响应体的 `spec` 字段应当被忽略，且可以被省略。允许访问的响应返回格式如下：
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```json
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{
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"apiVersion": "authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1",
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"kind": "SubjectAccessReview",
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"status": {
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"allowed": true
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}
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}
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```
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<!--
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To disallow access, the remote service would return:
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-->
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远程服务拒绝访问的返回格式如下：
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```json
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{
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"apiVersion": "authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1",
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"kind": "SubjectAccessReview",
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"status": {
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"allowed": false,
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"reason": "user does not have read access to the namespace"
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}
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}
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```
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<!--
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Access to non-resource paths are sent as:
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-->
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对非资源路径的请求格式如下：
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```json
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{
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"apiVersion": "authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1",
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"kind": "SubjectAccessReview",
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"spec": {
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"nonResourceAttributes": {
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"path": "/debug",
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"verb": "get"
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},
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"user": "jane",
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"group": [
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"group1",
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"group2"
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]
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}
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}
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```
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<!--
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Non-resource paths include: `/api`, `/apis`, `/metrics`, `/resetMetrics`,
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`/logs`, `/debug`, `/healthz`, `/swagger-ui/`, `/swaggerapi/`, `/ui`, and
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`/version.` Clients require access to `/api`, `/api/*`, `/apis`, `/apis/*`,
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and `/version` to discover what resources and versions are present on the server.
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Access to other non-resource paths can be disallowed without restricting access
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to the REST api.
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-->
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非资源路径包括： `/api`、`/apis`、`/metrics`、`/resetMetrics`、`/logs`、`/debug`、
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`/healthz`、`/swagger-ui/`、`/swaggerapi/`、`/ui` 和 `/version`。
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客户端需要访问 `/api`、`/api/*`、`/apis`、`/apis/*` 和 `/version` 来获取服务器上存在资源和版本列表。
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对其它非资源路径的访问可以被禁止；这样做并不会影响对 REST API 的访问。
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<!--
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For further documentation refer to the authorization.v1beta1 API objects and
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[webhook.go](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/{{< param "githubbranch" >}}/staging/src/k8s.io/apiserver/plugin/pkg/authorizer/webhook/webhook.go).
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-->
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关于 Webhook 模式的更多信息可参阅 authorization.v1beta1 API 对象的参考指南和 [webhook.go](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/{{< param "githubbranch" >}}/staging/src/k8s.io/apiserver/plugin/pkg/authorizer/webhook/webhook.go) 文件。
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{{% /capture %}}
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