From 3f8bb31bd858d4f3488fc368f0c44a02c78af1ca Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AdamDang <adam.dang@daocloud.io>
Date: Sun, 13 Jan 2019 17:44:49 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?zh-trans:/docs/concepts/overview/object-managem?=
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* zh-trans:/docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/imperative-config.md

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+---
+title: 使用配置文件指令式管理 Kubernetes 对象
+content_template: templates/concept
+weight: 30
+---
+
+<!--
+---
+title: Imperative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files
+content_template: templates/concept
+weight: 30
+---
+-->
+
+{{% capture overview %}}
+<!--
+Kubernetes objects can be created, updated, and deleted by using the `kubectl`
+command-line tool along with an object configuration file written in YAML or JSON.
+This document explains how to define and manage objects using configuration files.
+-->
+通过使用 `kubectl` 命令行工具和 yaml 或 json 格式编写的对象配置文件，用户可以创建、更新和删除 Kubernetes 对象。
+本文档介绍如何使用配置文件定义和管理对象。
+{{% /capture %}}
+
+{{% capture body %}}
+
+<!--
+## Trade-offs
+-->
+## 取舍权衡
+
+<!--
+The `kubectl` tool supports three kinds of object management:
+-->
+
+`kubectl` 工具支持三种对象管理：
+
+<!--
+* Imperative commands
+* Imperative object configuration
+* Declarative object configuration
+-->
+* 指令性命令
+* 指令性对象配置
+* 声明式对象配置
+
+<!--
+See [Kubernetes Object Management](/docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/overview/)
+for a discussion of the advantages and disadvantage of each kind of object management.
+-->
+请参阅[Kubernetes 对象管理](/docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/overview/) 以了解每种对象管理的优缺点。
+
+<!--
+## How to create objects
+-->
+## 怎样创建对象
+
+<!--
+You can use `kubectl create -f` to create an object from a configuration file.
+Refer to the [kubernetes API reference](/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/{{< param "version" >}}/)
+for details.
+-->
+
+可以使用 `kubectl create -f` 从配置文件创建对象。
+有关详细信息，请参阅[Kubernetes API 参考](/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/{{< param "version" >}}/)。
+
+- `kubectl create -f <filename|url>`
+
+<!--
+## How to update objects
+-->
+## 怎样更新对象
+
+{{< warning >}}
+<!--
+Updating objects with the `replace` command drops all
+parts of the spec not specified in the configuration file.  This
+should not be used with objects whose specs are partially managed
+by the cluster, such as Services of type `LoadBalancer`, where
+the `externalIPs` field is managed independently from the configuration
+file.  Independently managed fields must be copied to the configuration
+file to prevent `replace` from dropping them.
+-->
+使用 `replace` 命令更新对象时，系统将会删除配置文件的 spec 中未指定的所有内容。
+对于部分上由集群来管理的对象而言，不要使用这种对象管理方式。
+
+例如，对于 `LoadBalancer` 类型的服务而言，其 `externalIPs` 字段值是独立于配置文件进行管理的。
+独立管理的字段必须复制到配置文件中，以防止被 `replace` 操作删除。
+{{< /warning >}}
+
+<!--
+You can use `kubectl replace -f` to update a live object according to a
+configuration file.
+-->
+您可以使用 `kubectl replace -f` 命令基于配置文件来更新活跃状态的对象。
+
+- `kubectl replace -f <filename|url>`
+
+<!--
+## How to delete objects
+-->
+## 怎样删除对象
+
+<!--
+You can use `kubectl delete -f` to delete an object that is described in a
+configuration file.
+-->
+
+您可以使用 `kubectl delete -f` 命令来删除配置文件中描述的对象。
+
+- `kubectl delete -f <filename|url>`
+
+<!--
+## How to view an object
+-->
+## 怎样查看对象
+
+<!--
+You can use `kubectl get -f` to view information about an object that is
+described in a configuration file.
+-->
+
+您可以使用 `kubectl get -f` 命令来查看配置文件中描述的对象的信息。
+
+- `kubectl get -f <filename|url> -o yaml`
+
+<!--
+The `-o yaml` flag specifies that the full object configuration is printed.
+Use `kubectl get -h` to see a list of options.
+-->
+
+指定了 `-o yaml` 参数将会打印完整的对象配置。
+使用 `kubectl get -h` 命令查看选项列表。
+
+<!--
+## Limitations
+-->
+## 限制
+
+<!--
+The `create`, `replace`, and `delete` commands work well when each object's
+configuration is fully defined and recorded in its configuration
+file. However when a live object is updated, and the updates are not merged
+into its configuration file, the updates will be lost the next time a `replace`
+is executed. This can happen if a controller, such as
+a HorizontalPodAutoscaler, makes updates directly to a live object. Here's
+an example:
+-->
+当每个对象的配置都完整的定义和记录在它的配置文件中时，`create`、`replace` 和 `delete` 命令就能正常使用。
+然而，当一个存活态的对象被更新、并且更新的内容没有被合入该对象的配置文件时，下次再执行 `replace` 命令将导致更新的内容丢失。
+如果控制器（如 HorizontalPodAutoscaler）直接更新存活态的对象，就会发生上面的情况。
+下面是个例子：
+
+<!--
+1. You create an object from a configuration file.
+1. Another source updates the object by changing some field.
+1. You replace the object from the configuration file. Changes made by
+the other source in step 2 are lost.
+-->
+
+1. 从配置文件创建对象。
+1. 另外一个资源更新这个对象的一些字段。
+1. 从配置文件中替换（replace）该对象。第二步中另外的资源对该对象所做的更新将丢失。
+
+<!--
+If you need to support multiple writers to the same object, you can use
+`kubectl apply` to manage the object.
+-->
+如果您需要对同一对象支持多个写者，那么可以使用 `kubectl apply` 命令管理该对象。
+
+<!--
+## Creating and editing an object from a URL without saving the configuration
+-->
+## 通过 URL 创建和编辑对象而不保存配置
+
+<!--
+Suppose you have the URL of an object configuration file. You can use
+`kubectl create --edit` to make changes to the configuration before the
+object is created. This is particularly useful for tutorials and tasks
+that point to a configuration file that could be modified by the reader.
+-->
+
+假设您知道一个对象配置文件的 URL。
+您可以在对象被创建之前使用 `kubectl create --edit` 命令来更改它的配置。
+这对于指向那些读者可修改配置文件的教程和任务特别有用。
+
+```sh
+kubectl create -f <url> --edit
+```
+
+<!--
+## Migrating from imperative commands to imperative object configuration
+-->
+## 从指令性命令迁移到指令性对象配置
+
+<!--
+Migrating from imperative commands to imperative object configuration involves
+several manual steps.
+-->
+从指令性命令迁移到指令性对象配置包括几个手动步骤。
+
+
+1. <!--Export the live object to a local object configuration file:-->将存活态的对象导出为本地对象配置文件：
+```sh
+kubectl get <kind>/<name> -o yaml --export > <kind>_<name>.yaml
+```
+1. <!--Manually remove the status field from the object configuration file.-->手动从对象配置文件中移除状态信息。
+1. <!--For subsequent object management, use `replace` exclusively.-->对于后续的对象管理，只使用 `replace`。
+```sh
+kubectl replace -f <kind>_<name>.yaml
+```
+
+<!--
+## Defining controller selectors and PodTemplate labels
+-->
+## 定义控制器选择器和 PodTemplate 标签
+
+{{< warning >}}
+<!--
+Updating selectors on controllers is strongly discouraged.
+-->
+强烈不建议更新控制器的选择器。
+{{< /warning >}}
+
+<!--
+The recommended approach is to define a single, immutable PodTemplate label
+used only by the controller selector with no other semantic meaning.
+-->
+建议的方法是定义一个单一的、不变的 PodTemplate 标签，该标签仅由控制器选择器使用，没有其他语义意义。
+
+<!--
+Example label:
+-->
+标签示例：
+
+```yaml
+selector:
+  matchLabels:
+      controller-selector: "extensions/v1beta1/deployment/nginx"
+template:
+  metadata:
+    labels:
+      controller-selector: "extensions/v1beta1/deployment/nginx"
+```
+
+{{% /capture %}}
+
+{{% capture whatsnext %}}
+<!--
+- [Managing Kubernetes Objects Using Imperative Commands](/docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/imperative-command/)
+- [Managing Kubernetes Objects Using Object Configuration (Declarative)](/docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/declarative-config/)
+- [Kubectl Command Reference](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl/)
+- [Kubernetes API Reference](/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/{{< param "version" >}}/)
+-->
+
+- [使用指令性命令管理 Kubernetes 对象](/docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/imperative-command/)
+- [使用对象配置文件（声明式）管理 Kubernetes 对象](/docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/declarative-config/)
+- [Kubectl 命令参考](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl/)
+- [Kubernetes API 参考](/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/{{< param "version" >}}/)
+{{% /capture %}}
+
+