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@@ -2,26 +2,15 @@
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title: 调试运行中的 Pod
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title: 调试运行中的 Pod
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content_type: task
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content_type: task
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---
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---
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<!--
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reviewers:
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- verb
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- soltysh
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title: Debug Running Pods
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content_type: task
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-->
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<!-- overview -->
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<!-- overview -->
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<!--
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<!--
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This page explains how to debug Pods running (or crashing) on a Node.
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This page explains how to debug Pods running (or crashing) on a Node.
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-->
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-->
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本页解释了如何调试节点上正在运行(或者正在崩溃)的 Pod。
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本页解释如何在节点上调试运行中(或崩溃)的 Pod。
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## {{% heading "prerequisites" %}}
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## {{% heading "prerequisites" %}}
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<!--
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<!--
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* Your {{< glossary_tooltip text="Pod" term_id="pod" >}} should already be
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* Your {{< glossary_tooltip text="Pod" term_id="pod" >}} should already be
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scheduled and running. If your Pod is not yet running, start with [Troubleshoot
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scheduled and running. If your Pod is not yet running, start with [Troubleshoot
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@@ -30,15 +19,11 @@ This page explains how to debug Pods running (or crashing) on a Node.
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Pod is running and have shell access to run commands on that Node. You don't
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Pod is running and have shell access to run commands on that Node. You don't
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need that access to run the standard debug steps that use `kubectl`.
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need that access to run the standard debug steps that use `kubectl`.
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-->
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-->
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* 你的 {{< glossary_tooltip text="Pod" term_id="pod" >}}
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* 你的 {{< glossary_tooltip text="Pod" term_id="pod" >}} 应该已经被调度并正在运行中,
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应该已经调度并正在运行。
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如果你的 Pod 还没有运行,请参阅[应用问题排查](/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-application/)。
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如果 Pod 尚未运行,则从
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[应用故障排查](/zh/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-application/) 开始。
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* 对于一些高级调试步骤,
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你需要知道 Pod 在哪个节点上运行,并拥有在该节点上执行 shell 命令的权限。
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在使用 `kubectl` 运行标准调试步骤时,则不需要这种权限。
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* 对于一些高级调试步骤,你应该知道 Pod 具体运行在哪个节点上,在该节点上有权限去运行一些命令。
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你不需要任何访问权限就可以使用 `kubectl` 去运行一些标准调试步骤。
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<!-- steps -->
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<!-- steps -->
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@@ -46,19 +31,26 @@ This page explains how to debug Pods running (or crashing) on a Node.
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## Examining pod logs {#examine-pod-logs}
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## Examining pod logs {#examine-pod-logs}
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First, look at the logs of the affected container:
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First, look at the logs of the affected container:
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-->
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## 检查 Pod 日志 {#examine-pod-logs}
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首先,查看受影响的容器的日志:
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```shell
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```shell
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kubectl logs ${POD_NAME} ${CONTAINER_NAME}
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kubectl logs ${POD_NAME} ${CONTAINER_NAME}
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```
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```
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<!--
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If your container has previously crashed, you can access the previous container's crash log with:
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If your container has previously crashed, you can access the previous container's crash log with:
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```shell
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kubectl logs --previous ${POD_NAME} ${CONTAINER_NAME}
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```
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-->
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-->
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如果你的容器以前崩溃过,你可以访问前一个容器的崩溃日志:
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## 检查 Pod 的日志 {#examine-pod-logs}
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首先,查看受到影响的容器的日志:
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```shell
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kubectl logs ${POD_NAME} ${CONTAINER_NAME}
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```
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如果你的容器之前崩溃过,你可以通过下面命令访问之前容器的崩溃日志:
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```shell
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```shell
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kubectl logs --previous ${POD_NAME} ${CONTAINER_NAME}
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kubectl logs --previous ${POD_NAME} ${CONTAINER_NAME}
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@@ -67,64 +59,58 @@ kubectl logs --previous ${POD_NAME} ${CONTAINER_NAME}
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<!--
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<!--
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## Debugging with container exec {#container-exec}
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## Debugging with container exec {#container-exec}
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If the {{< glossary_tooltip text="container image" term_id="image" >}} includes
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debugging utilities, as is the case with images built from Linux and Windows OS
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base images, you can run commands inside a specific container with
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`kubectl exec`:
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-->
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## 使用容器 exec 调试 {#container-exec}
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如果 {{< glossary_tooltip text="容器镜像" term_id="image" >}}
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包含调试工具,就像基于 Linux 和 Windows 基础镜像构建的镜像一样,
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你可以使用 `kubectl exec` 在特定的容器中执行命令:
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```shell
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```shell
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kubectl exec ${POD_NAME} -c ${CONTAINER_NAME} -- ${CMD} ${ARG1} ${ARG2} ... ${ARGN}
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kubectl exec ${POD_NAME} -c ${CONTAINER_NAME} -- ${CMD} ${ARG1} ${ARG2} ... ${ARGN}
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```
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```
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<!--
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`-c ${CONTAINER_NAME}` is optional. You can omit it for Pods that only contain a single container.
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-->
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{{< note >}}
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`-c ${CONTAINER_NAME}` 是可选项。
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对于单容器 Pod,可以省略此参数。
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{{< /note >}}
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<!--
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As an example, to look at the logs from a running Cassandra pod, you might run
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As an example, to look at the logs from a running Cassandra pod, you might run
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-->
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例如,要查看正在运行的 Cassandra Pod 的日志,可以执行:
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```shell
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```shell
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kubectl exec cassandra -- cat /var/log/cassandra/system.log
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kubectl exec cassandra -- cat /var/log/cassandra/system.log
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```
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```
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<!--
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You can run a shell that's connected to your terminal using the `-i` and `-t`
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You can run a shell that's connected to your terminal using the `-i` and `-t`
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arguments to `kubectl exec`, for example:
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arguments to `kubectl exec`, for example:
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-->
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你可以使用 `kubectl exec` 的 `-i` 和 `-t` 参数启动一个连接到终端的 shell,例如:
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```shell
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```shell
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kubectl exec -it cassandra -- sh
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kubectl exec -it cassandra -- sh
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```
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```
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<!--
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For more details, see [Get a Shell to a Running Container](
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For more details, see [Get a Shell to a Running Container](
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/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/get-shell-running-container/).
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/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/get-shell-running-container/).
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-->
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-->
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更多细节,参见
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## 使用容器 exec 进行调试 {#container-exec}
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[获取运行容器的 Shell](
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/zh/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/get-shell-running-container/)。
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如果 {{< glossary_tooltip text="容器镜像" term_id="image" >}} 包含调试程序,
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比如从 Linux 和 Windows 操作系统基础镜像构建的镜像,你可以使用 `kubectl exec` 命令
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在特定的容器中运行一些命令:
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```shell
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kubectl exec ${POD_NAME} -c ${CONTAINER_NAME} -- ${CMD} ${ARG1} ${ARG2} ... ${ARGN}
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```
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{{< note >}}
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`-c ${CONTAINER_NAME}` 是可选择的。如果Pod中仅包含一个容器,就可以忽略它。
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{{< /note >}}
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例如,要查看正在运行的 Cassandra pod中的日志,可以运行:
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```shell
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kubectl exec cassandra -- cat /var/log/cassandra/system.log
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```
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你可以在 `kubectl exec` 命令后面加上 `-i` 和 `-t` 来运行一个连接到你的终端的 Shell,比如:
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```shell
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kubectl exec -it cassandra -- sh
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```
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若要了解更多内容,可查看[获取正在运行容器的 Shell](/zh/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/get-shell-running-container/)。
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<!--
|
<!--
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## Debugging with an ephemeral debug container {#ephemeral-container}
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## Debugging with an ephemeral debug container {#ephemeral-container}
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||||||
-->
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## 使用临时调试容器进行调试 {#ephemeral-container}
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{{< feature-state state="alpha" for_k8s_version="v1.18" >}}
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{{< feature-state state="alpha" for_k8s_version="v1.18" >}}
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<!--
|
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{{< glossary_tooltip text="Ephemeral containers" term_id="ephemeral-container" >}}
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{{< glossary_tooltip text="Ephemeral containers" term_id="ephemeral-container" >}}
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||||||
are useful for interactive troubleshooting when `kubectl exec` is insufficient
|
are useful for interactive troubleshooting when `kubectl exec` is insufficient
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||||||
because a container has crashed or a container image doesn't include debugging
|
because a container has crashed or a container image doesn't include debugging
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||||||
@@ -133,12 +119,12 @@ https://github.com/GoogleContainerTools/distroless). `kubectl` has an alpha
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command that can create ephemeral containers for debugging beginning with version
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command that can create ephemeral containers for debugging beginning with version
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`v1.18`.
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`v1.18`.
|
||||||
-->
|
-->
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||||||
因为容器已经崩溃,或因为容器镜像没有内含调试工具,比如
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## 使用临时调试容器来进行调试 {#ephemeral-container}
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[distroless images](https://github.com/GoogleContainerTools/distroless),
|
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导致 `kubectl exec` 不足以解决问题时,
|
{{< feature-state state="alpha" for_k8s_version="v1.18" >}}
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||||||
{{< glossary_tooltip text="Ephemeral containers" term_id="ephemeral-container" >}}
|
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对交互式故障诊断非常有用。
|
当由于容器崩溃或容器镜像不包含调试程序(例如[无发行版镜像](https://github.com/GoogleContainerTools/distroless)等)
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从 `v1.18` 开始,`kubectl` 提供 alpha 命令,它可以为调试创建临时容器。
|
而导致 `kubectl exec` 无法运行时,{{< glossary_tooltip text="临时容器" term_id="ephemeral-container" >}}对于排除交互式故障很有用。
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<!--
|
<!--
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### Example debugging using ephemeral containers {#ephemeral-container-example}
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### Example debugging using ephemeral containers {#ephemeral-container-example}
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@@ -146,45 +132,39 @@ command that can create ephemeral containers for debugging beginning with versio
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The examples in this section require the `EphemeralContainers` [feature gate](
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The examples in this section require the `EphemeralContainers` [feature gate](
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/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/) enabled in your
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/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/) enabled in your
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cluster and `kubectl` version v1.18 or later.
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cluster and `kubectl` version v1.18 or later.
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-->
|
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## 示例:使用临时容器调试 {#ephemeral-container-example}
|
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|
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{{< note >}}
|
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本节中的示例要求在集群启用 `EphemeralContainers` [特性门控](
|
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/zh/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/
|
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)。
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并且要求 `kubectl` v1.18 或更高版本。
|
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{{< /note >}}
|
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|
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|
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<!--
|
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You can use the `kubectl alpha debug` command to add ephemeral containers to a
|
You can use the `kubectl alpha debug` command to add ephemeral containers to a
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running Pod. First, create a pod for the example:
|
running Pod. First, create a pod for the example:
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||||||
-->
|
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可以使用 `kubectl alpha debug` 命令将临时容器添加到正在运行的 Pod 中。
|
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首先,为本例创建一个 Pod:
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```shell
|
```shell
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kubectl run ephemeral-demo --image=k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1 --restart=Never
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kubectl run ephemeral-demo --image=k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1 --restart=Never
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```
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```
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|
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<!--
|
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This section use the `pause` container image in examples because it does not
|
This section use the `pause` container image in examples because it does not
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contain userland debugging utilities, but this method works with all container
|
contain userland debugging utilities, but this method works with all container
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images.
|
images.
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|
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If you attempt to use `kubectl exec` to create a shell you will see an error
|
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because there is no shell in this container image.
|
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||||||
-->
|
-->
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|
## 使用临时容器来调试的例子 {#ephemeral-container-example}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
{{< note >}}
|
{{< note >}}
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||||||
本节在示例中使用 `pause` 容器镜像,
|
本示例需要你的集群已经开启 `EphemeralContainers` [特性门控](/zh/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/),
|
||||||
是因为它不包含用户态的调试工具。
|
`kubectl` 版本为 v1.18 或者更高。
|
||||||
但此方法适用于所有容器镜像。
|
|
||||||
{{< /note >}}
|
{{< /note >}}
|
||||||
|
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如果你试图使用 `kubectl exec` 去建立一个 shell,
|
你可以使用 `kubectl alpha debug` 命令来给正在运行中的 Pod 增加一个临时容器。
|
||||||
你会看到一个报错,
|
首先,像示例一样创建一个 pod:
|
||||||
这是因为在容器镜像中并没有包含 shell。
|
|
||||||
|
```shell
|
||||||
|
kubectl run ephemeral-demo --image=k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1 --restart=Never
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
{{< note >}}
|
||||||
|
本节示例中使用 `pause` 容器镜像,因为它不包含任何用户级调试程序,但是这个方法适用于所有容器镜像。
|
||||||
|
{{< /note >}}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<!--
|
||||||
|
If you attempt to use `kubectl exec` to create a shell you will see an error
|
||||||
|
because there is no shell in this container image.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```shell
|
```shell
|
||||||
kubectl exec -it ephemeral-demo -- sh
|
kubectl exec -it ephemeral-demo -- sh
|
||||||
@@ -194,14 +174,32 @@ kubectl exec -it ephemeral-demo -- sh
|
|||||||
OCI runtime exec failed: exec failed: container_linux.go:346: starting container process caused "exec: \"sh\": executable file not found in $PATH": unknown
|
OCI runtime exec failed: exec failed: container_linux.go:346: starting container process caused "exec: \"sh\": executable file not found in $PATH": unknown
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!--
|
|
||||||
You can instead add a debugging container using `kubectl alpha debug`. If you
|
You can instead add a debugging container using `kubectl alpha debug`. If you
|
||||||
specify the `-i`/`--interactive` argument, `kubectl` will automatically attach
|
specify the `-i`/`--interactive` argument, `kubectl` will automatically attach
|
||||||
to the console of the Ephemeral Container.
|
to the console of the Ephemeral Container.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```shell
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||||||
|
kubectl alpha debug -it ephemeral-demo --image=busybox --target=ephemeral-demo
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
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||||||
|
Defaulting debug container name to debugger-8xzrl.
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||||||
|
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
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||||||
|
/ #
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
-->
|
-->
|
||||||
你可以使用 `kubectl alpha debug` 添加一个调试容器。
|
如果你尝试使用 `kubectl exec` 来创建一个 shell,你将会看到一个错误,因为这个容器镜像中没有 shell。
|
||||||
如果指定了 `-i`/`--interactive` 参数,
|
|
||||||
`kubectl` 将自动连接到临时容器的控制台。
|
```shell
|
||||||
|
kubectl exec -it ephemeral-demo -- sh
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
OCI runtime exec failed: exec failed: container_linux.go:346: starting container process caused "exec: \"sh\": executable file not found in $PATH": unknown
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
你可以改为使用 `kubectl alpha debug` 添加调试容器。
|
||||||
|
如果你指定 `-i` 或者 `--interactive` 参数,`kubectl` 将自动挂接到临时容器的控制台。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```shell
|
```shell
|
||||||
kubectl alpha debug -it ephemeral-demo --image=busybox --target=ephemeral-demo
|
kubectl alpha debug -it ephemeral-demo --image=busybox --target=ephemeral-demo
|
||||||
@@ -227,19 +225,16 @@ isolated process namespace.
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
You can view the state of the newly created ephemeral container using `kubectl describe`:
|
You can view the state of the newly created ephemeral container using `kubectl describe`:
|
||||||
-->
|
-->
|
||||||
此命令添加一个新的 busybox 容器并连接。
|
此命令添加一个新的 busybox 容器并将其挂接到该容器。`--target` 参数指定另一个容器的进程命名空间。
|
||||||
`--target` 参数指定了另一个容器的进程命名空间。
|
这是必需的,因为 `kubectl run` 不能在它创建的pod中启用
|
||||||
这里必须这样做,因为 `kubectl run` 没有在它创建的 Pod 中启用
|
[共享进程命名空间](/zh/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/share-process-namespace/)。
|
||||||
[进程命名空间共享](/zh/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/share-process-namespace/) 。
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
{{< note >}}
|
{{< note >}}
|
||||||
{{< glossary_tooltip text="Container Runtime" term_id="container-runtime" >}}
|
{{< glossary_tooltip text="容器运行时" term_id="container-runtime" >}}必须支持`--target`参数。
|
||||||
必须支持 `--target` 参数。
|
如果不支持,则临时容器可能不会启动,或者可能使用隔离的进程命名空间启动。
|
||||||
如果不支持,临时容器可能无法启动,
|
|
||||||
或者可能使用隔离的进程名称空间启动。
|
|
||||||
{{< /note >}}
|
{{< /note >}}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
可以使用 `kubectl describe` 查看新创建的临时容器的状态:
|
你可以使用 `kubectl describe` 查看新创建的临时容器的状态:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```shell
|
```shell
|
||||||
kubectl describe pod ephemeral-demo
|
kubectl describe pod ephemeral-demo
|
||||||
@@ -266,7 +261,7 @@ Ephemeral Containers:
|
|||||||
<!--
|
<!--
|
||||||
Use `kubectl delete` to remove the Pod when you're finished:
|
Use `kubectl delete` to remove the Pod when you're finished:
|
||||||
-->
|
-->
|
||||||
完成后,使用 `kubectl delete` 删除 Pod:
|
使用 `kubectl delete` 来移除已经结束掉的 Pod:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```shell
|
```shell
|
||||||
kubectl delete pod ephemeral-demo
|
kubectl delete pod ephemeral-demo
|
||||||
@@ -289,10 +284,9 @@ given tools in the Kubernetes API. Therefore, if you find yourself needing to
|
|||||||
ssh into a machine, please file a feature request on GitHub describing your use
|
ssh into a machine, please file a feature request on GitHub describing your use
|
||||||
case and why these tools are insufficient.
|
case and why these tools are insufficient.
|
||||||
-->
|
-->
|
||||||
## 通过节点上的 shell 进行调试 {#node-shell-session}
|
## 在节点上通过 shell 来调试 {#node-shell-session}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
如果这些方法都不起作用,
|
|
||||||
你可以找到运行 Pod 的主机并通过 SSH 连接到该主机,
|
|
||||||
但是 Kubernetes API 中的工具通常不需要这样做。
|
|
||||||
因此,如果你发现自己需要 ssh 到一台机器上,请在 GitHub 上提交一个功能请求,描述你的用例以及为什么这些工具不够用。
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
如果这些方法都不起作用,你可以找到运行 Pod 的主机并通过 SSH 进入该主机,
|
||||||
|
但是如果使用 Kubernetes API 中的工具,则通常不需要这样做。
|
||||||
|
因此,如果你发现自己需要使用 ssh 进入主机,请在GitHub 上提交功能请求,
|
||||||
|
以描述你的用例以及这些工具不足的原因。
|
||||||
|
|||||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user