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+---
+reviewers:
+- jsafrane
+title: 创建静态 Pod
+weight: 170
+content_template: templates/task
+---
+
+{{% capture overview %}}
+
+<!--
+*Static Pods* are managed directly by the kubelet daemon on a specific node,
+without the {{< glossary_tooltip text="API server" term_id="kube-apiserver" >}}
+observing them.
+Unlike Pods that are managed by the control plane (for example, a
+{{< glossary_tooltip text="Deployment" term_id="deployment" >}});
+instead, the kubelet watches each static Pod (and restarts it if it crashes).
+-->
+
+*静态 Pod* 在指定的节点上由 kubelet 守护进程直接管理，不需要 {{< glossary_tooltip text="API 服务" term_id="kube-apiserver" >}} 监管。
+不像 Pod 是由控制面管理的（例如，{{< glossary_tooltip text="Deployment" term_id="deployment" >}}）；相反 kubelet 监视每个静态 Pod（在它崩溃之后重新启动）。
+
+<!--
+Static Pods are always bound to one {{< glossary_tooltip term_id="kubelet" >}} on a specific node.
+
+The kubelet automatically tries to create a {{< glossary_tooltip text="mirror Pod" term_id="mirror-pod" >}}
+on the Kubernetes API server for each static Pod.
+This means that the Pods running on a node are visible on the API server,
+but cannot be controlled from there.
+
+{{< note >}}
+If you are running clustered Kubernetes and are using static
+Pods to run a Pod on every node, you should probably be using a
+{{< glossary_tooltip text="DaemonSet" term_id="daemonset" >}}
+instead.
+{{< /note >}}
+-->
+
+静态 Pod 永远都会绑定到一个指定节点上的 {{< glossary_tooltip term_id="kubelet" >}}。
+
+kubelet 会尝试通过 Kubernetes API 服务器为每个静态 Pod 自动创建一个 {{< glossary_tooltip text="镜像 Pod" term_id="mirror-pod" >}}。
+这意味着节点上运行的静态 Pod 对 API 服务来说是不可见的，但是不能通过 API 服务器来控制。
+
+{{< note >}}
+如果你在运行一个 Kubernetes 集群，并且在每个节点上都运行一个静态 Pod，就可能需要考虑使用 {{< glossary_tooltip text="DaemonSet" term_id="daemonset" >}} 替代这种方式。
+{{< /note >}}
+
+{{% /capture %}}
+
+{{% capture prerequisites %}}
+
+<!--
+{{< include "task-tutorial-prereqs.md" >}} {{< version-check >}}
+
+This page assumes you're using {{< glossary_tooltip term_id="docker" >}} to run Pods,
+and that your nodes are running the Fedora operating system.
+Instructions for other distributions or Kubernetes installations may vary.
+-->
+
+{{< include "task-tutorial-prereqs.md" >}} {{< version-check >}}
+
+本文假定你在使用 {{< glossary_tooltip term_id="docker" >}} 来运行 Pod，并且你的节点是运行着 Fedora 操作系统。
+其它发行版或者 Kubernetes 部署版本上操作方式可能不一样。
+
+{{% /capture %}}
+
+{{% capture steps %}}
+
+<!--
+## Create a static pod {#static-pod-creation}
+
+You can configure a static Pod with either a [file system hosted configuration file](/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/static-pod/#configuration-files) or a [web hosted configuration file](/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/static-pod/#pods-created-via-http).
+-->
+
+## 创建静态 Pod {#static-pod-creation}
+
+可以通过[文件系统上的配置文件](/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/static-pod/#configuration-files)或者 [web 网络上的配置文件](/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/static-pod/#pods-created-via-http)来配置静态 Pod。
+
+<!--
+### Filesystem-hosted static Pod manifest {#configuration-files}
+
+Manifests are standard Pod definitions in JSON or YAML format in a specific directory. Use the `staticPodPath: <the directory>` field in the [KubeletConfiguration file](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file), which periodically scans the directory and creates/deletes static Pods as YAML/JSON files appear/disappear there.
+Note that the kubelet will ignore files starting with dots when scanning the specified directory.
+
+For example, this is how to start a simple web server as a static Pod:
+-->
+
+### 文件系统上的静态 Pod 声明文件 {#configuration-files}
+
+声明文件是标准的 Pod 定义文件，以 JSON 或者 YAML 格式存储在指定目录。路径设置在 [Kubelet 配置文件](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file)的 `staticPodPath: <目录>` 字段，kubelet 会定期的扫描这个文件夹下的 YAML/JSON 文件来创建/删除静态 Pod。
+注意 kubelet 扫描目录的时候会忽略以点开头的文件。
+
+例如：下面是如何以静态 Pod 的方式启动一个简单 web 服务：
+
+<!--
+1. Choose a node where you want to run the static Pod. In this example, it's `my-node1`.
+-->
+
+1. 选择一个要运行静态 Pod 的节点。在这个例子中选择 `my-node1`。
+
+    ```shell
+    ssh my-node1
+    ```
+<!--
+2. Choose a directory, say `/etc/kubelet.d` and place a web server Pod definition there, e.g. `/etc/kubelet.d/static-web.yaml`:
+
+   ```shell
+    # Run this command on the node where kubelet is running
+    mkdir /etc/kubelet.d/
+    cat <<EOF >/etc/kubelet.d/static-web.yaml
+    apiVersion: v1
+    kind: Pod
+    metadata:
+      name: static-web
+      labels:
+        role: myrole
+    spec:
+      containers:
+        - name: web
+          image: nginx
+          ports:
+            - name: web
+              containerPort: 80
+              protocol: TCP
+    EOF
+-->
+
+1. 选择一个目录，比如在 `/etc/kubelet.d` 目录来保存 web 服务 Pod 的定义文件， `/etc/kubelet.d/static-web.yaml`：
+
+    ```shell
+    # 在 kubelet 运行的节点上执行以下命令
+    mkdir /etc/kubelet.d/
+    cat <<EOF >/etc/kubelet.d/static-web.yaml
+    apiVersion: v1
+    kind: Pod
+    metadata:
+      name: static-web
+      labels:
+        role: myrole
+    spec:
+      containers:
+        - name: web
+          image: nginx
+          ports:
+            - name: web
+              containerPort: 80
+              protocol: TCP
+    EOF
+    ```
+<!--
+1. Configure your kubelet on the node to use this directory by running it with `--pod-manifest-path=/etc/kubelet.d/` argument. On Fedora edit `/etc/kubernetes/kubelet` to include this line:
+
+    ```
+    KUBELET_ARGS="--cluster-dns=10.254.0.10 --cluster-domain=kube.local --pod-manifest-path=/etc/kubelet.d/"
+    ```
+    or add the `staticPodPath: <the directory>` field in the [KubeletConfiguration file](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file).
+-->
+
+3. 配置这个节点上的 kubelet，使用这个参数执行 `--pod-manifest-path=/etc/kubelet.d/`：
+
+    ```
+    KUBELET_ARGS="--cluster-dns=10.254.0.10 --cluster-domain=kube.local --pod-manifest-path=/etc/kubelet.d/"
+    ```
+    或者在 [Kubelet配置文件](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file)中添加 `staticPodPath: <目录>`字段。
+
+<!--
+1. Restart the kubelet. On Fedora, you would run:
+   
+    ```shell
+    # Run this command on the node where the kubelet is running
+    systemctl restart kubelet
+    ```
+-->
+
+1. 重启 kubelet。Fedora 上使用下面的命令：
+
+    ```shell
+    # 在 kubelet 运行的节点上执行以下命令
+    systemctl restart kubelet
+    ```
+<!--
+### Web-hosted static pod manifest {#pods-created-via-http}
+
+Kubelet periodically downloads a file specified by `--manifest-url=<URL>` argument
+and interprets it as a JSON/YAML file that contains Pod definitions.
+Similar to how [filesystem-hosted manifests](#configuration-files) work, the kubelet
+refetches the manifest on a schedule. If there are changes to the list of static
+Pods, the kubelet applies them.
+
+To use this approach: 
+-->
+
+### Web 网上的静态 Pod 声明文件 {#pods-created-via-http}
+
+Kubelet 根据 `--manifest-url=<URL>` 参数的配置定期的下载指定文件，并且转换成 JSON/YAML 格式的 Pod 容器定义文件。
+与[文件系统上的声明文件](#configuration-files)使用方式类似，kubelet 调度获取声明文件。如果静态 Pod 的声明文件有改变，kubelet会应用这些改变。
+
+按照下面的方式来：
+
+<!--
+1. Create a YAML file and store it on a web server so that you can pass the URL of that file to the kubelet.
+-->
+
+1. 创建一个 YAML 文件，并保存在保存在 web 服务上，为 kubelet 生成一个 URL。
+
+    ```yaml
+    apiVersion: v1
+    kind: Pod
+    metadata:
+      name: static-web
+      labels:
+        role: myrole
+    spec:
+      containers:
+        - name: web
+          image: nginx
+          ports:
+            - name: web
+              containerPort: 80
+              protocol: TCP
+    ```
+
+<!--
+2. Configure the kubelet on your selected node to use this web manifest by running it with `--manifest-url=<manifest-url>`. On Fedora, edit `/etc/kubernetes/kubelet` to include this line:
+-->
+
+1. 通过在选择的节点上使用 `--manifest-url=<manifest-url>` 配置运行 kubelet。在 Fedora 添加下面这行到 `/etc/kubernetes/kubelet` ：
+
+    ```
+    KUBELET_ARGS="--cluster-dns=10.254.0.10 --cluster-domain=kube.local --manifest-url=<manifest-url>"
+    ```
+<!--
+3. Restart the kubelet. On Fedora, you would run:
+
+    ```shell
+    # Run this command on the node where the kubelet is running
+    systemctl restart kubelet
+    ```
+-->
+
+1. 重启 kubelet。在 Fedora 上运行如下命令：
+
+    ```shell
+    # 在 kubelet 运行的节点上执行以下命令
+    systemctl restart kubelet
+    ```
+<!--
+## Observe static pod behavior {#behavior-of-static-pods}
+
+When the kubelet starts, it automatically starts all defined static Pods. As you have
+defined a static Pod and restarted the kubelet, the new static Pod should
+already be running.
+
+You can view running containers (including static Pods) by running (on the node):
+```shell
+# Run this command on the node where kubelet is running
+docker ps
+```
+
+The output might be something like:
+-->
+
+## 观察静态 pod 的行为 {#behavior-of-static-pods}
+
+当 kubelet 启动时，会自动启动所有定义的静态 Pod。当定义了一个静态 Pod 并重新启动 kubelet 时，新的静态 Pod 就应该已经在运行了。
+
+可以在节点上云心下面的命令来看运行的容器（包括静态 Pod）：
+```shell
+# 在 kubelet 运行的节点上执行以下命令
+docker ps
+```
+<!--
+The output might be something like:
+-->
+
+输出可能会像这样：
+
+```
+CONTAINER ID IMAGE         COMMAND  CREATED        STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
+f6d05272b57e nginx:latest  "nginx"  8 minutes ago  Up 8 minutes             k8s_web.6f802af4_static-web-fk-node1_default_67e24ed9466ba55986d120c867395f3c_378e5f3c
+```
+<!--
+You can see the mirror Pod on the API server:
+-->
+
+可以在 API 服务上看到镜像 Pod：
+
+```shell
+kubectl get pods
+```
+```
+NAME                       READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
+static-web-my-node1        1/1       Running   0          2m
+```
+<!--
+{{< note >}}
+Make sure the kubelet has permission to create the mirror Pod in the API server. If not, the creation request is rejected by the API server. See
+[PodSecurityPolicy](/docs/concepts/policy/pod-security-policy/).
+{{< /note >}}
+-->
+
+{{< note >}}
+要确保 kubelet 在 API 服务上有创建镜像 Pod 的权限。如果没有，创建请求会被 API 服务拒绝。可以看[Pod安全策略](/docs/concepts/policy/pod-security-policy/)。
+{{< /note >}}
+
+<!--
+{{< glossary_tooltip term_id="label" text="Labels" >}} from the static Pod are
+propagated into the mirror Pod. You can use those labels as normal via
+{{< glossary_tooltip term_id="selector" text="selectors" >}}, etc.
+-->
+静态 Pod 上的{{< glossary_tooltip term_id="label" text="标签" >}} 被传到镜像 Pod。 你可以通过 {{< glossary_tooltip term_id="selector" text="选择算符" >}} 使用这些标签，比如。
+
+<!--
+If you try to use `kubectl` to delete the mirror Pod from the API server,
+the kubelet _doesn't_ remove the static Pod:
+-->
+如果你用 `kubectl` 从 API 服务上删除镜像 Pod，kubelet _不会_ 移除静态 Pod：
+
+```shell
+kubectl delete pod static-web-my-node1
+```
+```
+pod "static-web-my-node1" deleted
+```
+<!--
+You can see that the Pod is still running:
+-->
+可以看到 Pod 还在运行：
+```shell
+kubectl get pods
+```
+```
+NAME                       READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
+static-web-my-node1        1/1       Running   0          12s
+```
+<!--
+Back on your node where the kubelet is running, you can try to stop the Docker
+container manually.
+You'll see that, after a time, the kubelet will notice and will restart the Pod
+automatically:
+
+```shell
+# Run these commands on the node where the kubelet is running
+docker stop f6d05272b57e # replace with the ID of your container
+sleep 20
+docker ps
+```
+-->
+
+回到 kubelet 运行的节点上，可以手工停止 Docker 容器。
+可以看到过了一段时间后 kubelet 会发现容器停止了并且会自动重启 Pod：
+
+```shell
+# 在 kubelet 运行的节点上执行以下命令
+docker stop f6d05272b57e # 把 ID 换为你的容器的 ID
+sleep 20
+docker ps
+```
+```
+CONTAINER ID        IMAGE         COMMAND                CREATED       ...
+5b920cbaf8b1        nginx:latest  "nginx -g 'daemon of   2 seconds ago ...
+```
+<!--
+## Dynamic addition and removal of static pods
+
+The running kubelet periodically scans the configured directory (`/etc/kubelet.d` in our example) for changes and adds/removes Pods as files appear/disappear in this directory.
+
+```shell
+# This assumes you are using filesystem-hosted static Pod configuration
+# Run these commands on the node where the kubelet is running
+#
+mv /etc/kubelet.d/static-web.yaml /tmp
+sleep 20
+docker ps
+# You see that no nginx container is running
+mv /tmp/static-web.yaml  /etc/kubelet.d/
+sleep 20
+docker ps
+```
+-->
+## 动态增加和删除静态 pod
+
+运行的 kubelet 定期扫描配置的目录(比如例子中的 `/etc/kubelet.d` 目录)中的变化，并且根据文件中出现/消失的 Pod 来添加/删除 Pod。
+
+```shell
+# 前提是你在用主机文件系统上的静态 Pod 配置文件
+# 在 kubelet 运行的节点上执行以下命令
+#
+mv /etc/kubelet.d/static-web.yaml /tmp
+sleep 20
+docker ps
+# 可以看到没有 nginx 容器在运行
+mv /tmp/static-web.yaml  /etc/kubelet.d/
+sleep 20
+docker ps
+```
+```
+CONTAINER ID        IMAGE         COMMAND                CREATED           ...
+e7a62e3427f1        nginx:latest  "nginx -g 'daemon of   27 seconds ago
+```
+
+{{% /capture %}}