diff --git a/content/en/docs/setup/production-environment/container-runtimes.md b/content/en/docs/setup/production-environment/container-runtimes.md
index ccd1d9beb6..15f3e3a9b6 100644
--- a/content/en/docs/setup/production-environment/container-runtimes.md
+++ b/content/en/docs/setup/production-environment/container-runtimes.md
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ configuration, or reinstall it using automation.
### containerd
-This section contains the necessary steps to use `containerd` as CRI runtime.
+This section contains the necessary steps to use containerd as CRI runtime.
Use the following commands to install Containerd on your system:
@@ -92,165 +92,57 @@ sudo sysctl --system
Install containerd:
{{< tabs name="tab-cri-containerd-installation" >}}
-{{% tab name="Ubuntu 16.04" %}}
+{{% tab name="Linux" %}}
-```shell
-# (Install containerd)
-## Set up the repository
-### Install packages to allow apt to use a repository over HTTPS
-sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common
-```
+1. Install the `containerd.io` package from the official Docker repositories. Instructions for setting up the Docker repository for your respective Linux distribution and installing the `containerd.io` package can be found at [Install Docker Engine](https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/#server).
-```shell
-## Add Docker's official GPG key
-curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key --keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/docker.gpg add -
-```
+2. Configure containerd:
-```shell
-## Add Docker apt repository.
-sudo add-apt-repository \
- "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
- $(lsb_release -cs) \
- stable"
-```
+ ```shell
+ sudo mkdir -p /etc/containerd
+ containerd config default | sudo tee /etc/containerd/config.toml
+ ```
-```shell
-## Install containerd
-sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y containerd.io
-```
+3. Restart containerd:
-```shell
-# Configure containerd
-sudo mkdir -p /etc/containerd
-containerd config default | sudo tee /etc/containerd/config.toml
-```
+ ```shell
+ sudo systemctl restart containerd
+ ```
-```shell
-# Restart containerd
-sudo systemctl restart containerd
-```
-{{% /tab %}}
-{{% tab name="Ubuntu 18.04/20.04" %}}
-
-```shell
-# (Install containerd)
-sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y containerd
-```
-
-```shell
-# Configure containerd
-sudo mkdir -p /etc/containerd
-containerd config default | sudo tee /etc/containerd/config.toml
-```
-
-```shell
-# Restart containerd
-sudo systemctl restart containerd
-```
-{{% /tab %}}
-{{% tab name="Debian 9+" %}}
-
-```shell
-# (Install containerd)
-## Set up the repository
-### Install packages to allow apt to use a repository over HTTPS
-sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common
-```
-
-```shell
-## Add Docker's official GPG key
-curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg | sudo apt-key --keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/docker.gpg add -
-```
-
-```shell
-## Add Docker apt repository.
-sudo add-apt-repository \
- "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian \
- $(lsb_release -cs) \
- stable"
-```
-
-```shell
-## Install containerd
-sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y containerd.io
-```
-
-```shell
-# Set default containerd configuration
-sudo mkdir -p /etc/containerd
-containerd config default | sudo tee /etc/containerd/config.toml
-```
-
-```shell
-# Restart containerd
-sudo systemctl restart containerd
-```
-{{% /tab %}}
-{{% tab name="CentOS/RHEL 7.4+" %}}
-
-```shell
-# (Install containerd)
-## Set up the repository
-### Install required packages
-sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
-```
-
-```shell
-## Add docker repository
-sudo yum-config-manager \
- --add-repo \
- https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
-```
-
-```shell
-## Install containerd
-sudo yum update -y && sudo yum install -y containerd.io
-```
-
-```shell
-## Configure containerd
-sudo mkdir -p /etc/containerd
-containerd config default | sudo tee /etc/containerd/config.toml
-```
-
-```shell
-# Restart containerd
-sudo systemctl restart containerd
-```
{{% /tab %}}
{{% tab name="Windows (PowerShell)" %}}
-
Start a Powershell session, set `$Version` to the desired version (ex: `$Version=1.4.3`), and then run the following commands:
-
-```powershell
-# (Install containerd)
-# Download containerd
-curl.exe -L https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v$Version/containerd-$Version-windows-amd64.tar.gz -o containerd-windows-amd64.tar.gz
-tar.exe xvf .\containerd-windows-amd64.tar.gz
-```
+1. Download containerd:
-```powershell
-# Extract and configure
-Copy-Item -Path ".\bin\" -Destination "$Env:ProgramFiles\containerd" -Recurse -Force
-cd $Env:ProgramFiles\containerd\
-.\containerd.exe config default | Out-File config.toml -Encoding ascii
+ ```powershell
+ curl.exe -L https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v$Version/containerd-$Version-windows-amd64.tar.gz -o containerd-windows-amd64.tar.gz
+ tar.exe xvf .\containerd-windows-amd64.tar.gz
+ ```
-# Review the configuration. Depending on setup you may want to adjust:
-# - the sandbox_image (Kubernetes pause image)
-# - cni bin_dir and conf_dir locations
-Get-Content config.toml
+2. Extract and configure:
-# (Optional - but highly recommended) Exclude containerd from Windows Defender Scans
-Add-MpPreference -ExclusionProcess "$Env:ProgramFiles\containerd\containerd.exe"
-```
+ ```powershell
+ Copy-Item -Path ".\bin\" -Destination "$Env:ProgramFiles\containerd" -Recurse -Force
+ cd $Env:ProgramFiles\containerd\
+ .\containerd.exe config default | Out-File config.toml -Encoding ascii
-```powershell
-# Start containerd
-.\containerd.exe --register-service
-Start-Service containerd
-```
+ # Review the configuration. Depending on setup you may want to adjust:
+ # - the sandbox_image (Kubernetes pause image)
+ # - cni bin_dir and conf_dir locations
+ Get-Content config.toml
+
+ # (Optional - but highly recommended) Exclude containerd from Windows Defender Scans
+ Add-MpPreference -ExclusionProcess "$Env:ProgramFiles\containerd\containerd.exe"
+ ```
+
+3. Start containerd:
+
+ ```powershell
+ .\containerd.exe --register-service
+ Start-Service containerd
+ ```
{{% /tab %}}
{{< /tabs >}}
@@ -455,138 +347,38 @@ in sync.
### Docker
-On each of your nodes, install Docker CE.
+1. On each of your nodes, install the Docker for your Linux distribution as per [Install Docker Engine](https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/#server)
-The Kubernetes release notes list which versions of Docker are compatible
-with that version of Kubernetes.
+2. Configure the Docker daemon, in particular to use systemd for the management of the container’s cgroups.
-Use the following commands to install Docker on your system:
+ ```shell
+ sudo mkdir /etc/docker
+ cat <}}
-{{% tab name="Ubuntu 16.04+" %}}
+ {{< note >}}
+ `overlay2` is the preferred storage driver for systems running Linux kernel version 4.0 or higher, or RHEL or CentOS using version 3.10.0-514 and above.
+ {{< /note >}}
-```shell
-# (Install Docker CE)
-## Set up the repository:
-### Install packages to allow apt to use a repository over HTTPS
-sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y \
- apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common gnupg2
-```
+3. Restart Docker and enable on boot:
-```shell
-# Add Docker's official GPG key:
-curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key --keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/docker.gpg add -
-```
+ ```shell
+ sudo systemctl enable docker
+ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
+ sudo systemctl restart docker
+ ```
-```shell
-# Add the Docker apt repository:
-sudo add-apt-repository \
- "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
- $(lsb_release -cs) \
- stable"
-```
-
-```shell
-# Install Docker CE
-sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y \
- containerd.io=1.2.13-2 \
- docker-ce=5:19.03.11~3-0~ubuntu-$(lsb_release -cs) \
- docker-ce-cli=5:19.03.11~3-0~ubuntu-$(lsb_release -cs)
-```
-
-```shell
-## Create /etc/docker
-sudo mkdir /etc/docker
-```
-
-```shell
-# Set up the Docker daemon
-cat <}}
-
-If you want the `docker` service to start on boot, run the following command:
-
-```shell
-sudo systemctl enable docker
-```
-
-Refer to the [official Docker installation guides](https://docs.docker.com/engine/installation/)
-for more information.
+{{< note >}}
+For more information refer to
+ - [Configure the Docker daemon](https://docs.docker.com/config/daemon/)
+ - [Control Docker with systemd](https://docs.docker.com/config/daemon/systemd/)
+{{< /note >}}
diff --git a/content/en/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/install-kubeadm.md b/content/en/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/install-kubeadm.md
index 3f6e991eac..7d74a862f9 100644
--- a/content/en/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/install-kubeadm.md
+++ b/content/en/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/install-kubeadm.md
@@ -175,16 +175,34 @@ For more information on version skews, see:
{{< tabs name="k8s_install" >}}
{{% tab name="Debian-based distributions" %}}
-```bash
-sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https curl
-curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
-cat <}} on Linux, type:
### Install using native package management
{{< tabs name="kubectl_install" >}}
-{{< tab name="Ubuntu, Debian or HypriotOS" codelang="bash" >}}
-sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https gnupg2 curl
-curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
-echo "deb https://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
-sudo apt-get update
-sudo apt-get install -y kubectl
-{{< /tab >}}
+{{% tab name="Debian-based distributions" %}}
-{{< tab name="CentOS, RHEL or Fedora" codelang="bash" >}}cat < /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
+1. Update the `apt` package index and install packages needed to use the Kubernetes `apt` repository:
+
+ ```shell
+ sudo apt-get update
+ sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl
+ ```
+
+2. Download the Google Cloud public signing key:
+
+ ```shell
+ sudo curl -fsSLo /usr/share/keyrings/kubernetes-archive-keyring.gpg https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg
+ ```
+
+3. Add the Kubernetes `apt` repository:
+
+ ```shell
+ echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/kubernetes-archive-keyring.gpg] https://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
+ ```
+
+4. Update `apt` package index with the new repository and install kubectl:
+
+ ```shell
+ sudo apt-get update
+ sudo apt-get install -y kubectl
+ ```
+
+{{% /tab %}}
+
+{{< tab name="Red Hat-based distributions" codelang="bash" >}}
+cat < /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64