From 073bc1454d87198a14e086fe5d8eec28eb5d6c78 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: AdamDang Date: Tue, 8 Jan 2019 12:06:44 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] zh-trans:/docs/reference/kubectl/docker-cli-to-kubectl.md (#12088) * zh-trans:/docs/reference/kubectl/docker-cli-to-kubectl.md zh-trans:/docs/reference/kubectl/docker-cli-to-kubectl.md * Update docker-cli-to-kubectl.md --- .../kubectl/docker-cli-to-kubectl.md | 428 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 428 insertions(+) create mode 100644 content/zh/docs/reference/kubectl/docker-cli-to-kubectl.md diff --git a/content/zh/docs/reference/kubectl/docker-cli-to-kubectl.md b/content/zh/docs/reference/kubectl/docker-cli-to-kubectl.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3150944588 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zh/docs/reference/kubectl/docker-cli-to-kubectl.md @@ -0,0 +1,428 @@ +--- +title: Docker 用户的 kubectl 指南 +content_template: templates/concept +reviewers: +- bgrant0607 +- brendandburns +- thockin +--- + + + +{{% capture overview %}} + +您可以使用 Kubernetes 命令行工具 kubectl 与 API 服务器交互。如果您熟悉 Docker 命令行工具，那么使用 kubectl 非常简单。 +但是，Docker 命令和 kubectl 命令之间存在一些差异。以下部分介绍了 Docker 子命令，并描述了等效的 kubectl 命令。 +{{% /capture %}} + +{{% capture body %}} +## docker run + + +要运行 nginx Deployment 并公开该 Deployment，请参考 [kubectl run](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands/#run)。 + +docker: + +```shell +$ docker run -d --restart=always -e DOMAIN=cluster --name nginx-app -p 80:80 nginx +55c103fa129692154a7652490236fee9be47d70a8dd562281ae7d2f9a339a6db + +$ docker ps +CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES +55c103fa1296 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 9 seconds ago Up 9 seconds 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp nginx-app +``` + +kubectl: + + +```shell +# 启动 Pod 运行 nginx +$ kubectl run --image=nginx nginx-app --port=80 --env="DOMAIN=cluster" +deployment "nginx-app" created +``` + +{{< note >}} + +`kubectl` 命令打印创建或变更的资源类型和名称，以便可以在后续的命令中使用。可以在创建 Deployment 后公开一个新 Service。 +{{< /note >}} + + + +```shell +# 通过 Service 暴露端口 +$ kubectl expose deployment nginx-app --port=80 --name=nginx-http +service "nginx-http" exposed +``` + + +通过使用 kubectl，您可以创建一个[Deployment](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/) 来确保 N 个 Pod 运行 nginx，其中 N 是声明中规定的副本数，默认值为 1。 +您还可以使用与 Pod 标签匹配的选择器创建 [服务](/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/)。 +有关详细信息，请参阅[使用服务访问群集中的应用](/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/service-access-application-cluster)。 + + + +默认情况下，镜像在后台运行，类似于 `docker run -d ...`。要在前台运行，请使用： + +```shell +kubectl run [-i] [--tty] --attach --image= +``` + + +不像 `docker run ...`，如果您指定了 `--attach` 参数，那您实际上就为其关联了 `stdin`、`stdout` 和 `stderr`。 +无法控制关联哪个流（`docker -a ...`）。 + + + +因为 kubectl run 命令会为容器启动 Deployment，所以如果使用 Ctrl+C 终止关联的进程，则 Deployment 将重新启动，这与 `docker run -it` 不同。 + +要销毁 Deployment 及其 Pod，需要运行 `kubectl delete deployment `。 + +## docker ps + + + +要列出当前正在运行的内容，请参考 [kubectl get](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands/#get)。 + +docker: + +```shell +$ docker ps -a +CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES +14636241935f ubuntu:16.04 "echo test" 5 seconds ago Exited (0) 5 seconds ago cocky_fermi +55c103fa1296 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" About a minute ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp nginx-app +``` + +kubectl: + +```shell +$ kubectl get po +NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE +nginx-app-8df569cb7-4gd89 1/1 Running 0 3m +ubuntu 0/1 Completed 0 20s +``` + +## docker attach + + + +要和已在容器中运行的进程建立联系，请参见 [kubectl attach](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands/#attach)。 + +docker: + +```shell +$ docker ps +CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES +55c103fa1296 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp nginx-app + +$ docker attach 55c103fa1296 +... +``` + +kubectl: + +```shell +$ kubectl get pods +NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE +nginx-app-5jyvm 1/1 Running 0 10m + +$ kubectl attach -it nginx-app-5jyvm +... +``` + + + +要退出容器，可以键入转义序列 Ctrl+P，然后键入 Ctrl+Q。 + +## docker exec + + + +要在容器中执行命令，请参见 [kubectl exec](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands/#exec)。 + +docker: + +```shell +$ docker ps +CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES +55c103fa1296 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp nginx-app + +$ docker exec 55c103fa1296 cat /etc/hostname +55c103fa1296 +``` + +kubectl: + +```shell +$ kubectl get po +NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE +nginx-app-5jyvm 1/1 Running 0 10m + +$ kubectl exec nginx-app-5jyvm -- cat /etc/hostname +nginx-app-5jyvm +``` + + + +使用交互命令。 + +docker: + +```shell +$ docker exec -ti 55c103fa1296 /bin/sh +# exit +``` + +kubectl: + +```shell +$ kubectl exec -ti nginx-app-5jyvm -- /bin/sh +# exit +``` + + + +更多信息，请参见[获取正在运行的容器的 shell](/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/get-shell-running-container/)。 + +## docker logs + + + +要跟踪正在运行的进程的 stdout/stderr，请参见 [kubectl logs](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands/#logs)。 + +docker: + +```shell +$ docker logs -f a9e +192.168.9.1 - - [14/Jul/2015:01:04:02 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.35.0" "-" +192.168.9.1 - - [14/Jul/2015:01:04:03 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.35.0" "-" +``` + +kubectl: + +```shell +$ kubectl logs -f nginx-app-zibvs +10.240.63.110 - - [14/Jul/2015:01:09:01 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.26.0" "-" +10.240.63.110 - - [14/Jul/2015:01:09:02 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.26.0" "-" +``` + + + +Pod 和容器之间有细微的区别；默认情况下，如果进程退出，Pod 不会终止。相反，Pod 会重新启动进程。 +这与 docker run 的选项 `--restart=always` 类似，不过有一点不同。 +在 Docker 中，每次进程调用的输出都是串联的，但是对于 Kubernetes，每次调用是独立的。 +要查看 Kubernetes 上一次运行的输出，请执行以下操作： + +```shell +$ kubectl logs --previous nginx-app-zibvs +10.240.63.110 - - [14/Jul/2015:01:09:01 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.26.0" "-" +10.240.63.110 - - [14/Jul/2015:01:09:02 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.26.0" "-" +``` + + + +更多信息请参考[日志架构](/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/logging/)。 + + +## docker stop 和 docker rm + + +要停止并删除一个运行中的进程，请参考 [kubectl delete](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands/#delete)。 + +docker: + +```shell +$ docker ps +CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES +a9ec34d98787 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of" 22 hours ago Up 22 hours 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, 443/tcp nginx-app + +$ docker stop a9ec34d98787 +a9ec34d98787 + +$ docker rm a9ec34d98787 +a9ec34d98787 +``` + +kubectl: + + + +```shell +$ kubectl get deployment nginx-app +NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE +nginx-app 1 1 1 1 2m + +$ kubectl get po -l run=nginx-app +NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE +nginx-app-2883164633-aklf7 1/1 Running 0 2m + +$ kubectl delete deployment nginx-app +deployment "nginx-app" deleted + +$ kubectl get po -l run=nginx-app +# 什么都没返回 +``` + +{{< note >}} + +使用 kubectl 时，不会直接删除 Pod，必须先删除拥有该 Pod 的 Deployment。如果直接删除 Pod，Deployment 将重新创建 Pod。 +{{< /note >}} + +## docker login + + + +在 kubectl 中没有与 docker login 直接对应的操作。如果您有兴趣在 Kubernetes 中使用私有仓库，请参考 [使用私有仓库](/docs/concepts/containers/images/#using-a-private-registry)。 + +## docker version + + + +要获取客户端和服务器的版本，请参考 [kubectl version](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands/#version)。 + +docker: + +```shell +$ docker version +Client version: 1.7.0 +Client API version: 1.19 +Go version (client): go1.4.2 +Git commit (client): 0baf609 +OS/Arch (client): linux/amd64 +Server version: 1.7.0 +Server API version: 1.19 +Go version (server): go1.4.2 +Git commit (server): 0baf609 +OS/Arch (server): linux/amd64 +``` + +kubectl: + +```shell +$ kubectl version +Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"6", GitVersion:"v1.6.9+a3d1dfa6f4335", GitCommit:"9b77fed11a9843ce3780f70dd251e92901c43072", GitTreeState:"dirty", BuildDate:"2017-08-29T20:32:58Z", OpenPaasKubernetesVersion:"v1.03.02", GoVersion:"go1.7.5", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"} +Server Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"6", GitVersion:"v1.6.9+a3d1dfa6f4335", GitCommit:"9b77fed11a9843ce3780f70dd251e92901c43072", GitTreeState:"dirty", BuildDate:"2017-08-29T20:32:58Z", OpenPaasKubernetesVersion:"v1.03.02", GoVersion:"go1.7.5", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"} +``` + +## docker info + + + +要获取有关环境和配置的其他信息，请参阅 [kubectl cluster-info](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands/#cluster-info)。 + +docker: + +```shell +$ docker info +Containers: 40 +Images: 168 +Storage Driver: aufs + Root Dir: /usr/local/google/docker/aufs + Backing Filesystem: extfs + Dirs: 248 + Dirperm1 Supported: false +Execution Driver: native-0.2 +Logging Driver: json-file +Kernel Version: 3.13.0-53-generic +Operating System: Ubuntu 14.04.2 LTS +CPUs: 12 +Total Memory: 31.32 GiB +Name: k8s-is-fun.mtv.corp.google.com +ID: ADUV:GCYR:B3VJ:HMPO:LNPQ:KD5S:YKFQ:76VN:IANZ:7TFV:ZBF4:BYJO +WARNING: No swap limit support +``` + +kubectl: + +```shell +$ kubectl cluster-info +Kubernetes master is running at https://108.59.85.141 +KubeDNS is running at https://108.59.85.141/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns/proxy +kubernetes-dashboard is running at https://108.59.85.141/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kubernetes-dashboard/proxy +Grafana is running at https://108.59.85.141/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/monitoring-grafana/proxy +Heapster is running at https://108.59.85.141/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/monitoring-heapster/proxy +InfluxDB is running at https://108.59.85.141/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/monitoring-influxdb/proxy +``` +{{% /capture %}}