---
title: 验证 IPv4/IPv6 双协议栈
min-kubernetes-server-version: v1.20
content_type: task
---
<!--
reviewers:
- lachie83
- khenidak
title: Validate IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack
content_type: task
-->

<!-- overview -->
<!--
This document shares how to validate IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack enabled Kubernetes clusters.
-->
本文分享了如何验证 IPv4/IPv6 双协议栈的 Kubernetes 集群。

## {{% heading "prerequisites" %}}

<!--
* Provider support for dual-stack networking (Cloud provider or otherwise must be able to provide Kubernetes nodes with routable IPv4/IPv6 network interfaces)
* Kubenet network plugin
* [Dual-stack enabled](/docs/concepts/services-networking/dual-stack/) cluster
-->
* 提供程序对双协议栈网络的支持 (云供应商或其他方式必须能够为 Kubernetes 节点
  提供可路由的 IPv4/IPv6 网络接口)
* 一个能够支持双协议栈的
  [网络插件](/zh/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/compute-storage-net/network-plugins/)，
  （如 kubenet 或 Calico）。 
* [启用双协议栈](/zh/docs/concepts/services-networking/dual-stack/) 集群

<!-- steps -->

<!--
## Validate addressing

### Validate node addressing

Each dual-stack Node should have a single IPv4 block and a single IPv6 block allocated. Validate that IPv4/IPv6 Pod address ranges are configured by running the following command. Replace the sample node name with a valid dual-stack Node from your cluster. In this example, the Node's name is `k8s-linuxpool1-34450317-0`:
-->
## 验证寻址

### 验证节点寻址

每个双协议栈节点应分配一个 IPv4 块和一个 IPv6 块。
通过运行以下命令来验证是否配置了 IPv4/IPv6 Pod 地址范围。
将示例节点名称替换为集群中的有效双协议栈节点。
在此示例中，节点的名称为 `k8s-linuxpool1-34450317-0`：

```shell
kubectl get nodes k8s-linuxpool1-34450317-0 -o go-template --template='{{range .spec.podCIDRs}}{{printf "%s\n" .}}{{end}}'
```

```
10.244.1.0/24
a00:100::/24
```

<!--
There should be one IPv4 block and one IPv6 block allocated.
-->
应该分配一个 IPv4 块和一个 IPv6 块。

<!--
Validate that the node has an IPv4 and IPv6 interface detected (replace node name with a valid node from the cluster. In this example the node name is k8s-linuxpool1-34450317-0): 
-->
验证节点是否检测到 IPv4 和 IPv6 接口（用集群中的有效节点替换节点名称。
在此示例中，节点名称为 `k8s-linuxpool1-34450317-0`）：

```shell
kubectl get nodes k8s-linuxpool1-34450317-0 -o go-template --template='{{range .status.addresses}}{{printf "%s: %s \n" .type .address}}{{end}}'
```
```
Hostname: k8s-linuxpool1-34450317-0
InternalIP: 10.240.0.5
InternalIP: 2001:1234:5678:9abc::5
```

<!--
### Validate Pod addressing

Validate that a Pod has an IPv4 and IPv6 address assigned. (replace the Pod name with a valid Pod in your cluster. In this example the Pod name is pod01)
-->
### 验证 Pod 寻址

验证 Pod 已分配了 IPv4 和 IPv6 地址。（用集群中的有效 Pod 替换 Pod 名称。
在此示例中，Pod 名称为 pod01）

```shell
kubectl get pods pod01 -o go-template --template='{{range .status.podIPs}}{{printf "%s \n" .ip}}{{end}}'
```

```
10.244.1.4
a00:100::4
```

<!--
You can also validate Pod IPs using the Downward API via the `status.podIPs` fieldPath. The following snippet demonstrates how you can expose the Pod IPs via an environment variable called `MY_POD_IPS` within a container.
-->
你也可以通过 `status.podIPs` 使用 Downward API 验证 Pod IP。
以下代码段演示了如何通过容器内称为 `MY_POD_IPS` 的环境变量公开 Pod 的 IP 地址。

```yaml
env:
- name: MY_POD_IPS
  valueFrom:
    fieldRef:
      fieldPath: status.podIPs
```

<!--
The following command prints the value of the `MY_POD_IPS` environment variable from within a container. The value is a comma separated list that corresponds to the Pod's IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
-->
使用以下命令打印出容器内部 `MY_POD_IPS` 环境变量的值。
该值是一个逗号分隔的列表，与 Pod 的 IPv4 和 IPv6 地址相对应。

```shell
kubectl exec -it pod01 -- set | grep MY_POD_IPS
```

```
MY_POD_IPS=10.244.1.4,a00:100::4
```

<!--
The Pod's IP addresses will also be written to `/etc/hosts` within a container. The following command executes a cat on `/etc/hosts` on a dual stack Pod. From the output you can verify both the IPv4 and IPv6 IP address for the Pod.
-->
Pod 的 IP 地址也将被写入容器内的 `/etc/hosts` 文件中。
在双栈 Pod 上执行 cat `/etc/hosts` 命令操作。
从输出结果中，你可以验证 Pod 的 IPv4 和 IPv6 地址。

```shell
kubectl exec -it pod01 -- cat /etc/hosts
```

```
# Kubernetes-managed hosts file.
127.0.0.1    localhost
::1    localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0    ip6-localnet
fe00::0    ip6-mcastprefix
fe00::1    ip6-allnodes
fe00::2    ip6-allrouters
10.244.1.4    pod01
a00:100::4    pod01
```

<!--
## Validate Services

Create the following Service that does not explicitly define `.spec.ipFamilyPolicy`. Kubernetes will assign a cluster IP for the Service from the first configured `service-cluster-ip-range` and set the `.spec.ipFamilyPolicy` to `SingleStack`.
-->
## 验证服务

创建以下未显式定义 `.spec.ipFamilyPolicy` 的 Service。
Kubernetes 将从首个配置的 `service-cluster-ip-range` 给 Service 分配集群 IP，
并将 `.spec.ipFamilyPolicy` 设置为 `SingleStack`。

{{< codenew file="service/networking/dual-stack-default-svc.yaml" >}}

<!-- 
Use `kubectl` to view the YAML for the Service.
-->
使用 `kubectl` 查看 Service 的 YAML 定义。

```shell
kubectl get svc my-service -o yaml
```

<!--
The Service has `.spec.ipFamilyPolicy` set to `SingleStack` and `.spec.clusterIP` set to an IPv4 address from the first configured range set via `--service-cluster-ip-range` flag on kube-controller-manager.
-->
该 Service 通过在 kube-controller-manager 的 `--service-cluster-ip-range` 
标志设置的第一个配置范围，将 `.spec.ipFamilyPolicy` 设置为 `SingleStack`，
将 `.spec.clusterIP` 设置为 IPv4 地址。

```yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: my-service
  namespace: default
spec:
  clusterIP: 10.0.217.164
  clusterIPs:
  - 10.0.217.164
  ipFamilies:
  - IPv4
  ipFamilyPolicy: SingleStack
  ports:
  - port: 80
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 9376
  selector:
    app: MyApp
  sessionAffinity: None
  type: ClusterIP
status:
  loadBalancer: {}
```

<!--
Create the following Service that explicitly defines `IPv6` as the first array element in `.spec.ipFamilies`. Kubernetes will assign a cluster IP for the Service from the IPv6 range configured `service-cluster-ip-range` and set the `.spec.ipFamilyPolicy` to `SingleStack`.
-->
创建以下显示定义 `.spec.ipFamilies` 数组中的第一个元素为 IPv6 的 Service。
Kubernetes 将 `service-cluster-ip-range` 配置的 IPv6 地址范围给 Service 分配集群 IP，
并将 `.spec.ipFamilyPolicy` 设置为 `SingleStack`。

{{< codenew file="service/networking/dual-stack-ipv6-svc.yaml" >}}

<!-- 
Use `kubectl` to view the YAML for the Service.
-->
使用 `kubectl` 查看 Service 的 YAML 定义。

```shell
kubectl get svc my-service -o yaml
```

<!-- 
The Service has `.spec.ipFamilyPolicy` set to `SingleStack` and `.spec.clusterIP` set to an IPv6 address from the IPv6 range set via `--service-cluster-ip-range` flag on kube-controller-manager.
-->
该 Service 通过在 kube-controller-manager 的 `--service-cluster-ip-range` 
标志设置的 IPv6 地址范围，将 `.spec.ipFamilyPolicy` 设置为 `SingleStack`，
将 `.spec.clusterIP` 设置为 IPv6 地址。

```yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app: MyApp
  name: my-service
spec:
  clusterIP: fd00::5118
  clusterIPs:
  - fd00::5118
  ipFamilies:
  - IPv6
  ipFamilyPolicy: SingleStack
  ports:
  - port: 80
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 80
  selector:
    app: MyApp
  sessionAffinity: None
  type: ClusterIP
status:
  loadBalancer: {}
```

<!--
Create the following Service that explicitly defines `PreferDualStack` in `.spec.ipFamilyPolicy`. Kubernetes will assign both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses (as this cluster has dual-stack enabled) and select the `.spec.ClusterIP` from the list of `.spec.ClusterIPs` based on the address family of the first element in the `.spec.ipFamilies` array.
-->
创建以下显式定义 `.spec.ipFamilyPolicy` 为 `PreferDualStack` 的 Service。
Kubernetes 将分配 IPv4 和 IPv6 地址（因为该集群启用了双栈），
并根据 `.spec.ipFamilies` 数组中第一个元素的地址族，
从 `.spec.ClusterIPs` 列表中选择 `.spec.ClusterIP`。

{{< codenew file="service/networking/dual-stack-preferred-svc.yaml" >}}

{{< note >}}
<!--
The `kubectl get svc` command will only show the primary IP in the `CLUSTER-IP` field.
-->
`kubectl get svc` 命令将仅在 `CLUSTER-IP` 字段中显示主 IP。

```shell
kubectl get svc -l app=MyApp

NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
my-service   ClusterIP   fe80:20d::d06b   <none>        80/TCP    9s
```
{{< /note >}}

<!-- 
Validate that the Service gets cluster IPs from the IPv4 and IPv6 address blocks using `kubectl describe`. You may then validate access to the service via the IPs and ports.
-->
使用 `kubectl describe` 验证服务是否从 IPv4 和 IPv6 地址块中获取了集群 IP。
然后你就可以通过 IP 和端口，验证对服务的访问。

```shell
kubectl describe svc -l app=MyApp
```

```
Name:              my-service
Namespace:         default
Labels:            app=MyApp
Annotations:       <none>
Selector:          app=MyApp
Type:              ClusterIP
IP Family Policy:  PreferDualStack
IP Families:       IPv4,IPv6
IP:                10.0.216.242
IPs:               10.0.216.242,fd00::af55
Port:              <unset>  80/TCP
TargetPort:        9376/TCP
Endpoints:         <none>
Session Affinity:  None
Events:            <none>
```

<!--
### Create a dual-stack load balanced Service

If the cloud provider supports the provisioning of IPv6 enabled external load balancer, create the following Service with both the `ipFamily` field set to `IPv6` and the `type` field set to `LoadBalancer`
-->
### 创建双协议栈负载均衡服务

如果云提供商支持配置启用 IPv6 的外部负载均衡器，则将 `ipFamily` 字段设置为
`IPv6` 并将 `type` 字段设置为 `LoadBalancer` 的方式创建以下服务：

{{< codenew file="service/networking/dual-stack-ipv6-lb-svc.yaml" >}}

<!--
Validate that the Service receives a `CLUSTER-IP` address from the IPv6 address block along with an `EXTERNAL-IP`. You may then validate access to the service via the IP and port. 
-->
验证服务是否从 IPv6 地址块中接收到 `CLUSTER-IP` 地址以及 `EXTERNAL-IP`。
然后，你可以通过 IP 和端口验证对服务的访问。

```shell
kubectl get svc -l app=MyApp
```
```
NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP                     PORT(S)        AGE
my-service   ClusterIP   fe80:20d::d06b   2001:db8:f100:4002::9d37:c0d7   80:31868/TCP   30s
```

