---
reviewers:
- Random-Liu
- feiskyer
- mrunalp
title: 使用 crictl 对 Kubernetes 节点进行调试
content_template: templates/task
---

<!--
---
reviewers:
- Random-Liu
- feiskyer
- mrunalp
title: Debugging Kubernetes nodes with crictl
content_template: templates/task
---
-->


{{% capture overview %}}

{{< feature-state for_k8s_version="v1.11" state="stable" >}}

<!--
`crictl` is a command-line interface for CRI-compatible container runtimes.
You can use it to inspect and debug container runtimes and applications on a
Kubernetes node. `crictl` and its source are hosted in the
[cri-tools](https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/cri-tools) repository.
-->

`crictl` 是 CRI 兼容的容器运行时命令行接口。
您可以使用它来检查和调试 Kubernetes 节点上的容器运行时和应用程序。
`crictl`和它的源代码在 [cri-tools](https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/cri-tools) 代码库.

{{% /capture %}}

{{% capture prerequisites %}}

<!--
`crictl` requires a Linux operating system with a CRI runtime.
-->

`crictl` 需要带有 CRI 运行时的 Linux 操作系统。

{{% /capture %}}

{{% capture steps %}}

<!--
## Installing crictl

You can download a compressed archive `crictl` from the cri-tools [release
page](https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/cri-tools/releases), for several
different architectures. Download the version that corresponds to your version
of Kubernetes. Extract it and move it to a location on your system path, such as
`/usr/local/bin/`.
-->

## 安装 crictl

您可以从 cri-tools [发布页面](https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/cri-tools/releases)下载一个压缩的 `crictl` 归档文件，用于几种不同的架构。
下载与您的 kubernetes 版本相对应的版本。
提取它并将其移动到系统路径上的某个位置，例如`/usr/local/bin/`。

<!--
## General usage
-->

## 一般用法

<!--
The `crictl` command has several subcommands and runtime flags. Use
`crictl help` or `crictl <subcommand> help` for more details.
-->

`crictl` 命令有几个子命令和运行时参数。
有关详细信息，请使用 `crictl help` 或 `crictl <subcommand> help` 获取帮助信息。

<!--
`crictl` connects to `unix:///var/run/dockershim.sock` by default. For other
runtimes, you can set the endpoint in multiple different ways:
-->

`crictl` 默认连接到 `unix:///var/run/dockershim.sock`。
对于其他的运行时，您可以用多种不同的方法设置端点：

<!--
- By setting flags `--runtime-endpoint` and `--image-endpoint`
- By setting environment variables `CONTAINER_RUNTIME_ENDPOINT` and `IMAGE_SERVICE_ENDPOINT`
- By setting the endpoint in the config file `--config=/etc/crictl.yaml`
-->

- 通过设置参数 `--runtime-endpoint` 和 `--image-endpoint`
- 通过设置环境变量 `CONTAINER_RUNTIME_ENDPOINT` 和 `IMAGE_SERVICE_ENDPOINT`
- 通过在配置文件中设置端点 `--config=/etc/crictl.yaml`


<!--
You can also specify timeout values when connecting to the server and enable or
disable debugging, by specifying `timeout` or `debug` values in the configuration
file or using the `--timeout` and `--debug` command-line flags.
-->

您还可以在连接到服务器并启用或禁用调试时指定超时值，方法是在配置文件中指定 `timeout` 或 `debug` 值，或者使用 `--timeout` 和 `--debug` 命令行参数。

<!--
To view or edit the current configuration, view or edit the contents of
`/etc/crictl.yaml`.
-->

要查看或编辑当前配置，请查看或编辑 `/etc/crictl.yaml` 的内容。

```sh
cat /etc/crictl.yaml
runtime-endpoint: unix:///var/run/dockershim.sock
image-endpoint: unix:///var/run/dockershim.sock
timeout: 10
debug: true
```

<!--
## Example crictl commands

The following examples show some `crictl` commands and example output.
-->

## crictl 命令示例

{{< warning >}}
<!--If you use `crictl` to create pod sandboxes or containers on a running
Kubernetes cluster, the Kubelet will eventually delete them. `crictl` is not a
general purpose workflow tool, but a tool that is useful for debugging.-->
如果使用 `crictl` 在正在运行的 Kubernetes 集群上创建 Pod 沙盒或容器，kubelet 最终将删除它们。
`crictl` 不是一个通用的工作流工具，而是一个对调试有用的工具。
{{< /warning >}}

<!--
### List pods

List all pods:
-->

### 打印 Pod 清单

打印所有 Pod 的清单：

```bash
crictl pods
```
```none
POD ID              CREATED              STATE               NAME                         NAMESPACE           ATTEMPT
926f1b5a1d33a       About a minute ago   Ready               sh-84d7dcf559-4r2gq          default             0
4dccb216c4adb       About a minute ago   Ready               nginx-65899c769f-wv2gp       default             0
a86316e96fa89       17 hours ago         Ready               kube-proxy-gblk4             kube-system         0
919630b8f81f1       17 hours ago         Ready               nvidia-device-plugin-zgbbv   kube-system         0
```

<!--
List pods by name:
-->

根据名称打印 Pod 清单：

```bash
crictl pods --name nginx-65899c769f-wv2gp
```
```none
POD ID              CREATED             STATE               NAME                     NAMESPACE           ATTEMPT
4dccb216c4adb       2 minutes ago       Ready               nginx-65899c769f-wv2gp   default             0
```

<!--
List pods by label:
-->

根据标签打印 Pod 清单：

```bash
crictl pods --label run=nginx
```
```none
POD ID              CREATED             STATE               NAME                     NAMESPACE           ATTEMPT
4dccb216c4adb       2 minutes ago       Ready               nginx-65899c769f-wv2gp   default             0
```

<!--
### List images

List all images:
-->

### 打印镜像清单

打印所有镜像清单：

```bash
crictl images
```
```none
IMAGE                                     TAG                 IMAGE ID            SIZE
busybox                                   latest              8c811b4aec35f       1.15MB
k8s-gcrio.azureedge.net/hyperkube-amd64   v1.10.3             e179bbfe5d238       665MB
k8s-gcrio.azureedge.net/pause-amd64       3.1                 da86e6ba6ca19       742kB
nginx                                     latest              cd5239a0906a6       109MB
```

<!--
List images by repository:
-->

根据仓库打印镜像清单：

```bash
crictl images nginx
```
```none
IMAGE               TAG                 IMAGE ID            SIZE
nginx               latest              cd5239a0906a6       109MB
```

<!--
Only list image IDs:
-->

只打印镜像 ID：

```bash
crictl images -q
```
```none
sha256:8c811b4aec35f259572d0f79207bc0678df4c736eeec50bc9fec37ed936a472a
sha256:e179bbfe5d238de6069f3b03fccbecc3fb4f2019af741bfff1233c4d7b2970c5
sha256:da86e6ba6ca197bf6bc5e9d900febd906b133eaa4750e6bed647b0fbe50ed43e
sha256:cd5239a0906a6ccf0562354852fae04bc5b52d72a2aff9a871ddb6bd57553569
```

<!--
### List containers

List all containers:
-->

### 打印容器清单

打印所有容器清单：

```bash
crictl ps -a
```
```none
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                                                                                                             CREATED             STATE               NAME                       ATTEMPT
1f73f2d81bf98       busybox@sha256:141c253bc4c3fd0a201d32dc1f493bcf3fff003b6df416dea4f41046e0f37d47                                   7 minutes ago       Running             sh                         1
9c5951df22c78       busybox@sha256:141c253bc4c3fd0a201d32dc1f493bcf3fff003b6df416dea4f41046e0f37d47                                   8 minutes ago       Exited              sh                         0
87d3992f84f74       nginx@sha256:d0a8828cccb73397acb0073bf34f4d7d8aa315263f1e7806bf8c55d8ac139d5f                                     8 minutes ago       Running             nginx                      0
1941fb4da154f       k8s-gcrio.azureedge.net/hyperkube-amd64@sha256:00d814b1f7763f4ab5be80c58e98140dfc69df107f253d7fdd714b30a714260a   18 hours ago        Running             kube-proxy                 0
```

<!--
List running containers:
-->

打印正在运行的容器清单：

```bash
crictl ps
```
```none
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                                                                                                             CREATED             STATE               NAME                       ATTEMPT
1f73f2d81bf98       busybox@sha256:141c253bc4c3fd0a201d32dc1f493bcf3fff003b6df416dea4f41046e0f37d47                                   6 minutes ago       Running             sh                         1
87d3992f84f74       nginx@sha256:d0a8828cccb73397acb0073bf34f4d7d8aa315263f1e7806bf8c55d8ac139d5f                                     7 minutes ago       Running             nginx                      0
1941fb4da154f       k8s-gcrio.azureedge.net/hyperkube-amd64@sha256:00d814b1f7763f4ab5be80c58e98140dfc69df107f253d7fdd714b30a714260a   17 hours ago        Running             kube-proxy                 0
```

<!--
### Execute a command in a running container
-->

### 在正在运行的容器上执行命令

```bash
crictl exec -i -t 1f73f2d81bf98 ls
```
```none
bin   dev   etc   home  proc  root  sys   tmp   usr   var
```

<!--
### Get a container's logs

Get all container logs:
-->

### 获取容器日志

获取容器的所有日志：

```bash
crictl logs 87d3992f84f74
```
```none
10.240.0.96 - - [06/Jun/2018:02:45:49 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.47.0" "-"
10.240.0.96 - - [06/Jun/2018:02:45:50 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.47.0" "-"
10.240.0.96 - - [06/Jun/2018:02:45:51 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.47.0" "-"
```

<!--
Get only the latest `N` lines of logs:
-->

获取最近的 `N` 行日志：

```bash
crictl logs --tail=1 87d3992f84f74
```
```none
10.240.0.96 - - [06/Jun/2018:02:45:51 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.47.0" "-"
```

<!--
### Run a pod sandbox

Using `crictl` to run a pod sandbox is useful for debugging container runtimes.
On a running Kubernetes cluster, the sandbox will eventually be stopped and
deleted by the Kubelet.
-->

### 运行 Pod 沙盒

用 `crictl` 运行 Pod 沙盒对容器运行时排错很有帮助。
在运行的 Kubernetes 集群中，沙盒会随机地被 kubelet 停止和删除。

1.  <!--Create a JSON file like the following:-->
    编写下面的 JSON 文件：

      ```json
      {
          "metadata": {
              "name": "nginx-sandbox",
              "namespace": "default",
              "attempt": 1,
              "uid": "hdishd83djaidwnduwk28bcsb"
          },
          "logDirectory": "/tmp",
          "linux": {
          }
      }
      ```

2.  <!--Use the `crictl runp` command to apply the JSON and run the sandbox.-->
    使用 `crictl runp` 命令应用 JSON 文件并运行沙盒。

      ```bash
      crictl runp pod-config.json
      ```

      <!--The ID of the sandbox is returned.-->
      返回了沙盒的 ID。

<!--
### Create a container

Using `crictl` to create a container is useful for debugging container runtimes.
On a running Kubernetes cluster, the sandbox will eventually be stopped and
deleted by the Kubelet.
-->

### 创建容器

用 `crictl` 创建容器对容器运行时排错很有帮助。
在运行的 Kubernetes 集群中，沙盒会随机的被 kubelet 停止和删除。


1.  <!--Pull a busybox image-->
    拉取 busybox 镜像

      ```bash
      crictl pull busybox
      Image is up to date for busybox@sha256:141c253bc4c3fd0a201d32dc1f493bcf3fff003b6df416dea4f41046e0f37d47
      ```

2.  <!--Create configs for the pod and the container:-->
    创建 Pod 和容器的配置：

      <!--**Pod config**:-->
      **Pod 配置**：
      ```yaml
      {
          "metadata": {
              "name": "nginx-sandbox",
              "namespace": "default",
              "attempt": 1,
              "uid": "hdishd83djaidwnduwk28bcsb"
          },
          "log_directory": "/tmp",
          "linux": {
          }
      }
      ```

      <!--**Container config**:-->
      **容器配置**：
      ```yaml
      {
        "metadata": {
            "name": "busybox"
        },
        "image":{
            "image": "busybox"
        },
        "command": [
            "top"
        ],
        "log_path":"busybox/0.log",
        "linux": {
        }
      }
      ```

3.  <!--Create the container, passing the ID of the previously-created pod, the
    container config file, and the pod config file. The ID of the container is
    returned.-->
    创建容器，传递先前创建的 Pod 的 ID、容器配置文件和 Pod 配置文件。返回容器的 ID。

      ```bash
      crictl create f84dd361f8dc51518ed291fbadd6db537b0496536c1d2d6c05ff943ce8c9a54f container-config.json pod-config.json
      ```

4.  <!--List all containers and verify that the newly-created container has its
    state set to `Created`.-->
    查询所有容器并确认新创建的容器状态为 `Created`。

      ```bash
      crictl ps -a
      ```
      ```none
      CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               CREATED             STATE               NAME                ATTEMPT
      3e025dd50a72d       busybox             32 seconds ago      Created             busybox             0
      ```

<!--
### Start a container

To start a container, pass its ID to `crictl start`:
-->

### 启动容器

要启动容器，要将容器 ID 传给 `crictl start`：

```bash
crictl start 3e025dd50a72d956c4f14881fbb5b1080c9275674e95fb67f965f6478a957d60
```
```none
3e025dd50a72d956c4f14881fbb5b1080c9275674e95fb67f965f6478a957d60
```

<!--
Check the container has its state set to `Running`.
-->

确认容器的状态为 `Running`。

```bash
crictl ps
```
```none
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               CREATED              STATE               NAME                ATTEMPT
3e025dd50a72d       busybox             About a minute ago   Running             busybox             0
```

{{% /capture %}}


{{% capture discussion %}}

<!--
See [kubernetes-incubator/cri-tools](https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/cri-tools)
for more information.
-->

更多信息请参考 [kubernetes-incubator/cri-tools](https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/cri-tools)。

{{% /capture %}}
